专题02 必修第一册Unit 3～Unit5 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语上学期人教版

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理必修第一册Unit3至Unit5内容，涵盖词类转换、识词知意、高频短语、核心句型、单元写作及语法应用等范畴，为学生搭建从基础积累到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“分类整合+情境应用”呈现知识体系，词类转换模块以“词根词缀联动”设计（如compete-competition-competitor），高频句型标注语境功能（如“主语+be+adj.+to do”表可行性），培养语言能力与思维品质。特别设置易混词对比表（如affect/effect用法区分）和写作通用表达库（如运动变化描述模板），分层练习适配不同学情，教师可精准定位教学重点，学生能高效自主复习。

专题02 必修第一册Unit3 ~ Unit5单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 1. fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合→fit adj. 健康的；适合的 2. host vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n. 女主人；女主持人 3. sweat vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi. 出汗；流汗 n. 汗水；出汗→sweaty adj. 出汗多的；汗湿的 4. champion n. 冠军；优胜者→championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号 5. determination n. 决心；决定→determine vt. 决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 6. injure vt. 使受伤；损害→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的→injury n. 伤害；损伤 7. strength n. 力量；体力→strong adj. 强壮的；有力的→strengthen vt. & vi. 加强；巩固 8. failure n. 失败；失败的人（或事物）→fail vi. & vt. 失败；未能（做到） 9. compete vi. 竞争；对抗→competition n. 竞争；比赛→competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的→competitor n. 竞争者；对手 10. positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→positively adv. 积极地；肯定地；确实 11. jog vi. 慢跑 n. 慢跑→jogger n. 慢跑者 12. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→stressful adj. 有压力的；紧张的→stressed adj. 感到压力大的；焦虑的 13. death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的 14. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→affection n. 喜爱；钟爱 15. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的；骇人听闻的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 16. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸；气息→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 17. revive vt. & vi. 复活；（使）苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏；苏醒 18. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力→effortless adj. 不费力的；轻松的 19. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；英明的→wisely adv. 明智地；英明地 20. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受害者；患者 21. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survival n. 生存；幸存→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 22. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 23. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；平静地→calmness n. 镇静；平静 24. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；交付；演讲→deliverer n. 递送者；发言人 25. summary n. 总结；概括；概要→summarise (BrE) /summarize (NAmE) vt. & vi. 总结；概括 26. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的；起作用的→effectively adv. 有效地；实际上 27. length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的；长时间的→lengthen vt. & vi. 延长；变长 28. global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globally adv. 全球地；在全世界 29. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；增值→ 30. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv. 具体地；明确地 31. beg vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n. 乞丐；乞讨者 32. equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→equality n. 平等；均等→equally adv. 平等地；同样地 33. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的 34. description n. 描写（文字）；形容→describe vt. 描述；形容 35. base vt. 以…… 为据点；以…… 为基础 n. 底部；根据→based adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以…… 为重要部分的→basic adj. 基本的；基础的→basis n. 基础；根据→basically adv. 基本上；主要地 36. variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化→various adj. 各种各样的；不同的→vary vt. & vi. 变化；改变 37. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→majority n. 大多数；大半 38. regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把…… 视为；看待→regarding prep. 关于；至于→regardless adj. 不管不顾的；无论如何 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 1.boxing n. 拳击（运动） 2.badminton n. 羽毛球运动 3. marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 4.gymnastics n. 体操（训练) 5.legend n. 传奇故事（或人物） ；传说 6.push-up俯卧撑 7.tornado n.（pl. -oes or -os）龙卷风；旋风 8.context n. 上下文；语境；背景 9.tsunami n. 海啸 10.magnitude n. 震级；重大 11.volcanic eruption火山喷发 12.evacuate vt.& vi.疏散；撤出;撤离 13.helicopter n. 直升机 14.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. （使）破裂 15.unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体 16.typhoon n. 台风 17.hurricane n. （尤指西大西洋的）飓风 18.kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 19.dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 20.dialect n. 地方话；方言 21.calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术 22.CE 公元 23.pants n. 内裤；短裤；裤子 24.semester n. 学期 25.shell n. 壳；壳状物 26.reference n. 指称关系；参考 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) 1.come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2. work out 锻炼；计算出；解决 3.make it 获得成功；准时到达 4.set an example 树立榜样 5. fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 6. lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 7. give up 放弃；投降 8. make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 9.pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 10.even if/though 即使；虽然 11.make a difference 有作用或影响 12.rather than 而不是 13.cut … out 停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下 14.now and then 有时；偶尔 15.compare … with/to … 与……比较 16.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 17.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 18.in shock 震惊；吃惊 19.in the open air 露天；在户外 20.on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 21.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 22.refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 23.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 24.date back (to …) 追溯到 25.point of view 观点；看法 26.relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.V-ing作主语 Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. 失去两名重要球员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平没有灰心。 2.定语从句 Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. 乔丹的球技令人印象深刻，但他所展现出的心理素质使他与众不同。 3. even if/even though 引导让步状语从句 I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我一直想长得像电视上那些苗条的女孩，尽管我知道这不可能。 4. 方式状语前置 By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. 通过对自己和身体保持积极的态度，我变得更加快乐和健康。 5. 主语 + be + adj. + to do Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 大多数桥梁都已倒塌，或不安全通行。 6.No matter where/what引导让步状语从句 Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不管说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 7. what引导宾语从句 I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. 我还会复述我所听到的，以此来培养语感。 ( 清单 0 5 单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵) ) Unit 3 一、单元写作任务：描述自己运动前后的变化 本单元常考的写作话题是“运动和健身”，写作任务要求用英语写一篇短文，介绍运动给你带来的变化，属于对比类文章。主题语境为人与自我，倡导健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度。人称以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 有强烈的偏好have a strong preference for (2) 垃圾食品junk food (3) 户外活动outdoor activities (4) 下定决心 make up my mind (5) 让自己振作起来build myself up (6) 学会pick up (7) 减肥 lose weight (8) 起重要作用play an important role in (9) 引起bring about 2.衔接词 · 表因果关系：because, as, so, thus, therefore, as a result ... · 表时间顺序：first of all, firstly; then, secondly; finally, in the end, at last ... · 表递进关系：what’s more, worse still, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition ... · 表转折关系：but, yet, however, on the contrary ... 3. 话题句式 (1)总体介绍 ①I’ve benefited much from hiking, which has made a big difference to me. 我从徒步旅行中获益良多，这对我产生了很大的影响 (2) 运动前后的变化 ①While at junior high school, I had a strong preference for junk food and spent little time doing exercise, so I became overweight and sickly. 在初中的时候，我对垃圾食品有强烈的偏好，很少花时间做运动，所以我变得超重和多病。 ②Worse still, I became the only one who did not finish the 800-metre race in my class, which made me anxious. 更糟糕的是，我成了班里唯一一个没有跑完800米的人，这让我很焦虑。 ③It was then that I made up my mind to build myself up.就在那时，我下定决心要使自己坚强起来。 (3) 感想 The experience has helped me realize doing exercise plays an important role in one’s health. 这次经历让我意识到锻炼对健康的重要性。 三、范文背诵 I’ve benefited much from hiking, which has made a big difference to me. While at junior high school, I had a strong preference for junk food and spent little time doing exercise, so I became overweight and sickly. Worse still, I became the only one who did not finish the 800-metre race in my class, which made me anxious. It was then that I made up my mind to build myself up. To do this I chose to hike. Months later, it has made great changes in me, like losing weight and getting stronger. Moreover, I’ve become confident and happy rather than worried. The experience has helped me realize doing exercise plays an important role in one’s health. I enjoy the changes hiking has brought about and will keep doing it. Unit 5 一、单元写作任务：写一篇关于英语学习的博文 本单元常考的写作话题是“英语学习”，常考的写作任务要求用英语写一篇回帖的博文，就如何提高英语写作能力提出自己的建议。博文是人们在网络交流平台分享自己所见、所闻、所感的短文，是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种新媒体语篇。它属于非正式文体，分享者可以以文字、图片、视频等形式实现信息的分享、传播以及问题的交流与互动。博文要求语言简洁、用词灵活。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 广泛阅读read widely (2) 用英语思考think in English (3) 用英语写日记keep a diary in English (4) 恰当地使用词语use the words properly (5) 学习词汇块而不是单个单词learn lexical chunks rather than single words (6)学习构词法 learn something about word formation (7) 阅读简化的经典作品read simplified classic works (8) 猜不熟悉的单词的意思guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word (9)记住语法规则，多做练习memorize grammar rules and do a lot of exercises (10)参加英语角take part in the English Corner 2. 话题句式 (1)段首句 ①Knowing that you are asking for advice on how to improve your English writing, I’m more than glad to offer you some suggestions. 知道你在询问如何提高你的英语写作的建议，我很高兴为你提供一些建议。 (2) 主体段落 ①A good way to improve your writing is to read some good articles, through which, not only can you broaden your horizons, but also enlarge your vocabulary. 提高写作水平的一个好方法是阅读一些好的文章，通过这些文章，你不仅可以开阔你的视野，还可以扩大你的词汇量。 ②To keep a journal is another useful way to improve your writing. 写日记是提高写作水平的另一种有效方法。 ③Finding out the reason why you make these mistakes will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better. 找出你犯这些错误的原因会帮助你避免同样的错误，让你写得更好。 (3)  段尾句 ①Hopefully, my advice will be helpful to you. 希望我的建议能对你有所帮助 3、 范文背诵 Knowing that you are asking for advice on how to improve your English writing, I’m more than glad to offer you some suggestions. A good way to improve your writing is to read some good articles, through which, not only can you broaden your horizons, but also enlarge your vocabulary. To keep a journal is another useful way to improve your writing. It is natural for beginners to make mistakes in writing, but don’t worry. Finding out the reason why you make these mistakes will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better. Hopefully, my advice will be helpful to you. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Many famous athletes may compete(竞争) at the World Series. 2. After the team won the football game, the audience(观众) shouted for a long time. 3. It is said that men generally sweat (出汗) more during exercise than women. 4. Fighting broke out in the match after one of the players called a member of the other team a(n) cheat (骗子). 5.People are very excited to know their country will host (主办) the Winter Olympics next year. 6. The number of deaths(死亡) caused by fishing is growing in the country. 7. Helicopters rescued(救援) nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building last night. 8. Earthquakes are one of the Earth’s most serious forces which can destroy (破坏)buildings and take lives. 9. People should have more power (权力)over the decisions that affect their lives. 10.Peter’s success in mastering English depends upon his attitude(态度) towards that language. 11. Mandarin Chinese is spoken by more than one billion (十亿) people, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. 12. Talking with a(n) native(母语的) speaker is the most important step you can take to learn English. 13. When Eric studied in the language school in the US, he took the subway(地铁) to school every day. 14. For English as a second language learners, it is difficult to tell American English from British English, for example, apartment(公寓) and flat. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2023浙江1月完形)Within seconds, he’d slid (slide)down the trunk and was back on the ground. 2. (2024·新课标全国I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 3. (2024年1月浙江卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. 4. (2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 5. (2024全国甲卷阅读理解B)Regular exercise is essential for maintaining physical fitness (fit) and mental well-being. 6.After jogging (jog), I felt good and relaxed. 7.Animals in the wild have to compete for food. 8.He would ask who we were and pretend not to know (know) us. 9.It soon became clear that the program was a failure. 10.Recognizing all of our strengths (strength) is a good way to accept and love ourselves. 11.Today, we are honoured (honour) to invite Hannah to be our special guest. 12.If you feel stressed (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. 13.It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help (help). 14.I was shocked (shock) when the lady said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. 15.Nicholas was lost in a snowstorm and he didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies (supply). 16.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack (缺乏) of proper treatment. 17.Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch (分馆), it will inform you by e-mail. 18.Learning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important. 19.When your child demands that you (should) buy (buy) something, explain why you really don’t want to buy it. 20.He encourages me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world. 21.My brother was so fond of (喜爱) the museums there that he begged my parents to stay(stay) another couple of days. 22.Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who eat rich food, continue to stay thin? 23.For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1. 作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和光荣。 As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. 2. 乔丹表示，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中学习。 Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. 3. 一旦我开始关注健身而非体重，事情就开始发生了变化。 Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change. 4. 与其把我喜欢的食物去掉，我是在餐食中加入了健康的食物。 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. 5. 我不再拿自己和女演员、模特比较，也不再寻找自己脸上或身体的缺点了。 I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 6. 仿佛世界末日就要来临了！ It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 7.幸存者环顾四周，所见之处唯有废墟。 Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. 8.在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上重建起来。 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 9. 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古老文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。 China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 10. 这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 11. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 12.我只需要几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。 I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 13.我不无法在脑子里记住所有的生词，当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。 I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. 14.阅读那些书为我打开了一扇通往另一个世界的窗户，也让我对自身世界有了新的视角。 Reading those books opened a window for me to another world and gave me a new point of view on my own world. 1.“影响”究竟用哪个？ 易混词 用法及例句 affect 词性：vt.（及物动词） 含义：影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 例：The flood affected thousands of people’s lives. （洪水影响了数千人的生活。） effect 词性：n.（名词） 含义：影响、结果、效果 例：The new policy had a positive effect on the economy. （新政策对经济产生了积极影响。） 2.哪种“方法”最合适？ 易混词 用法及例句 means 单复数同形,强调 “达成目标的媒介 / 工具”，可指具体的（如交通工具）或抽象的（如通讯方式）； 固定搭配：by all means（当然可以）、by no means（绝不）。 例：By no means should we use violent means to get what we want. （我们绝不能用暴力手段获取想要的东西。） method 侧重 “经过设计、有逻辑的一套方法”，常用于科研、教学、工作等专业场景； 不可接 to do，只能接 of/for doing。 例：The scientist’s research method is widely recognized. （这位科学家的研究方法被广泛认可。） way 最口语化、使用范围最广，可指 “做事方式、生活方式、路线” 等； 常用搭配：a way to do/of doing sth, in this way, the way (that/in which)... 除了 “方法”，还可表 “道路、方向”（means/method 无此含义）。 例：She has her own way of solving problems. （她有自己解决问题的方法。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 必修第一册Unit3 ~ Unit5单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 1. Fitnes_-s n. 健康；健壮；适合→f______it adj. 健康的；适合的 2. determination vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostdeess n. 女主人；女主持人 3. Swe at vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi. 出汗；流汗 n. 汗水；出汗→swe aty adj. 出汗多的；汗湿的 4. Cham pion n. 冠军；优胜者→champio nship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号 5. Determin ation n. 决心；决定→determi ne vt. 决定；确定；下定决心→dete rmined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 6. Inj ure vt. 使受伤；损害→in jured adj. 受伤的；有伤的→in jury n. 伤害；损伤 7. Str ength n. 力量；体力→stro ng adj. 强壮的；有力的→strengthen vt. & vi. 加强；巩固 8. Failur e n. 失败；失败的人（或事物）→fai l vi. & vt. 失败；未能（做到） 9. Comp ete vi. 竞争；对抗→competi tion n. 竞争；比赛→comp etitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的→competi tor n. 竞争者；对手 10. Posit ive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→posit ively adv. 积极地；肯定地；确实 11. Jog vi. 慢跑 n. 慢跑→jogg er n. 慢跑者 12. St ress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→stres sful adj. 有压力的；紧张的→stres sed adj. 感到压力大的；焦虑的 13. Dea th n. 死；死亡→d ie vi. 死亡→de ad adj. 死的；无生命的→dyi ng adj. 垂死的；临终的 14. Affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→aff ection n. 喜爱；钟爱 15. Shoc k n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊→sho cking adj. 令人震惊的；骇人听闻的→shocke d adj. 感到震惊的 16. Breath e vi. & vt. 呼吸→brea th n. 呼吸；气息→brea thless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 17. Rev ive vt. & vi. 复活；（使）苏醒→re vival n. 振兴；复苏；苏醒 18. Effor t n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力→eff ortless adj. 不费力的；轻松的 19. Wisdom n. 智慧；才智→w ise adj. 明智的；英明的→wi sely adv. 明智地；英明地 20. Suffe r vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→suf fering n. 痛苦；苦难→su fferer n. 受害者；患者 21. Survi vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survi val n. 生存；幸存→survi r n. 幸存者；生还者 22. Pow er n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→pow erful adj. 强大的；有力的 23. Cal m adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→ca lmly adv. 镇静地；平静地→calmness n. 镇静；平静 24. Deliv er vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→deli very n. 递送；交付；演讲→deli verer n. 递送者；发言人 25. summary n. 总结；概括；概要→summarise (B) vt. & vi. 总结；概括 26. Effe ct n. 影响；结果；效果→effe ctive adj. 有效的；起作用的→effect ively adv. 有效地；实际上 27. Lengt h n. 长；长度→lo ng adj. 长的；长时间的→len gthen vt. & vi. 延长；变长 28. Glo bal adj. 全球的；全世界的→glo bally adv. 全球地；在全世界 29. Appreciat e vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→app reciation n. 欣赏；感激；增值→ 30. Speci fic adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→specifi cally adv. 具体地；明确地 31. Beg vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求→beg gar n. 乞丐；乞讨者 32. Equ al n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→equ ality n. 平等；均等→ equ ally adv. 平等地；同样地 33. Dem and n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→dem anding adj. 要求高的；费力的 34. Descrip tion n. 描写（文字）；形容→descr ibe vt. 描述；形容 35. Bas e vt. 以…… 为据点；以…… 为基础 n. 底部；根据→ba sed adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以…… 为重要部分的→ba sic adj. 基本的；基础的→ba sis n. 基础；根据→basic ally adv. 基本上；主要地 36. Vari ety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化→var ious adj. 各种各样的；不同的→var y vt. & vi. 变化；改变 37. Maj or adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究→m ajority n. 大多数；大半 38. Rega rd n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把…… 视为；看待→re garding prep. 关于；至于→reg ardless adj. 不管不顾的；无论如何 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 1.boxing n. 拳击（ 运动） 2.badminton n. 马拉 松赛跑 3. marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 4.gymnastics n. 体操（ 训练) 5.legend n. 传奇故事（或人物） 6.push-up俯卧撑 7.tornado n.（pl. -oes or -os）龙卷风；旋风 8.context n. 上下文；语境；背 9.tsunami n. 海 啸 10.magnitude n. 震级；重 大 11.volcanic eruption火山喷 发 12.evacuate vt.& vi.疏散；撤出; 13.helicopter n. 直升 机 14.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. （使）破裂 15.unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成 16.typhoon n. 台风 17.hurricane n. （尤指西大西洋 18.kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 19.dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 20.dialect n. 地方话； 方言 21.calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺 22.CE 公 元 23.pants n. 内裤；短裤；裤 子 24.semester n. 学 期 25.shell n. 壳；壳状 物 26.reference n. 指称关系；参考 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) 1.come a lon g 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2. wo rk 锻炼；计算出；解决 3.make it 获得成功；准时到达 4.set an exam 树立榜样 5. fall ap a rt 破裂；破碎；崩溃 6. lo se heart 丧失信心；泄气 7. give up 放弃；投降 8. make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 9.pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 10.even if/though 即使；虽然 11.make a difference 有作用或影响 12.rather than 而不是 13.cut … o ut 停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下 14.now and then 有时；偶尔 15.compare … with/to … 与……比较 16.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 17.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 18.in shock 震惊；吃惊 19.in the open air 露天；在户外 20.on h and 现有（尤指帮助） 21.sweep a way 消灭；彻底消除 22.ref er to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 23.ups and down s 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 24.date back (to …) 追溯到 25.point of v iew 观点；看法 26.rela t e to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.V-ing作主语 Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. 失去两名重要球员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平没有灰心。 2.定语从句 Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. 乔丹的球技令人印象深刻，但他所展现出的心理素质使他与众不同。 3. even if/even though 引导让步状语从句 I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我一直想长得像电视上那些苗条的女孩，尽管我知道这不可能。 4. 方式状语前置 By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. 通过对自己和身体保持积极的态度，我变得更加快乐和健康。 5. 主语 + be + adj. + to do Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 大多数桥梁都已倒塌，或不安全通行。 6.No matter where/what引导让步状语从句 Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不管说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 7. what引导宾语从句 I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. 我还会复述我所听到的，以此来培养语感。 ( 清单 0 5 单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵) ) Unit 3 一、单元写作任务：描述自己运动前后的变化 本单元常考的写作话题是“运动和健身”，写作任务要求用英语写一篇短文，介绍运动给你带来的变化，属于对比类文章。主题语境为人与自我，倡导健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度。人称以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 有强烈的偏好have a strong preference for (2) 垃圾食品junk food (3) 户外活动outdoor activities (4) 下定决心 make up my mind (5) 让自己振作起来build myself up (6) 学会pick up (7) 减肥 lose weight (8) 起重要作用play an important role in (9) 引起bring about 2.衔接词 · 表因果关系：because, as, so, thus, therefore, as a result ... · 表时间顺序：first of all, firstly; then, secondly; finally, in the end, at last ... · 表递进关系：what’s more, worse still, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition ... · 表转折关系：but, yet, however, on the contrary ... 3. 话题句式 (1)总体介绍 ①I’ve benefited much from hiking, which has made a big difference to me. 我从徒步旅行中获益良多，这对我产生了很大的影响 (2) 运动前后的变化 ①While at junior high school, I had a strong preference for junk food and spent little time doing exercise, so I became overweight and sickly. 在初中的时候，我对垃圾食品有强烈的偏好，很少花时间做运动，所以我变得超重和多病。 ②Worse still, I became the only one who did not finish the 800-metre race in my class, which made me anxious. 更糟糕的是，我成了班里唯一一个没有跑完800米的人，这让我很焦虑。 ③It was then that I made up my mind to build myself up.就在那时，我下定决心要使自己坚强起来。 (3) 感想 The experience has helped me realize doing exercise plays an important role in one’s health. 这次经历让我意识到锻炼对健康的重要性。 三、范文背诵 I’ve benefited much from hiking, which has made a big difference to me. While at junior high school, I had a strong preference for junk food and spent little time doing exercise, so I became overweight and sickly. Worse still, I became the only one who did not finish the 800-metre race in my class, which made me anxious. It was then that I made up my mind to build myself up. To do this I chose to hike. Months later, it has made great changes in me, like losing weight and getting stronger. Moreover, I’ve become confident and happy rather than worried. The experience has helped me realize doing exercise plays an important role in one’s health. I enjoy the changes hiking has brought about and will keep doing it. Unit 5 一、单元写作任务：写一篇关于英语学习的博文 本单元常考的写作话题是“英语学习”，常考的写作任务要求用英语写一篇回帖的博文，就如何提高英语写作能力提出自己的建议。博文是人们在网络交流平台分享自己所见、所闻、所感的短文，是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种新媒体语篇。它属于非正式文体，分享者可以以文字、图片、视频等形式实现信息的分享、传播以及问题的交流与互动。博文要求语言简洁、用词灵活。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 广泛阅读read widely (2) 用英语思考think in English (3) 用英语写日记keep a diary in English (4) 恰当地使用词语use the words properly (5) 学习词汇块而不是单个单词learn lexical chunks rather than single words (6)学习构词法 learn something about word formation (7) 阅读简化的经典作品read simplified classic works (8) 猜不熟悉的单词的意思guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word (9)记住语法规则，多做练习memorize grammar rules and do a lot of exercises (10)参加英语角take part in the English Corner 2. 话题句式 (1)段首句 ①Knowing that you are asking for advice on how to improve your English writing, I’m more than glad to offer you some suggestions. 知道你在询问如何提高你的英语写作的建议，我很高兴为你提供一些建议。 (2) 主体段落 ①A good way to improve your writing is to read some good articles, through which, not only can you broaden your horizons, but also enlarge your vocabulary. 提高写作水平的一个好方法是阅读一些好的文章，通过这些文章，你不仅可以开阔你的视野，还可以扩大你的词汇量。 ②To keep a journal is another useful way to improve your writing. 写日记是提高写作水平的另一种有效方法。 ③Finding out the reason why you make these mistakes will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better. 找出你犯这些错误的原因会帮助你避免同样的错误，让你写得更好。 (3)  段尾句 ①Hopefully, my advice will be helpful to you. 希望我的建议能对你有所帮助 3、 范文背诵 Knowing that you are asking for advice on how to improve your English writing, I’m more than glad to offer you some suggestions. A good way to improve your writing is to read some good articles, through which, not only can you broaden your horizons, but also enlarge your vocabulary. To keep a journal is another useful way to improve your writing. It is natural for beginners to make mistakes in writing, but don’t worry. Finding out the reason why you make these mistakes will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better. Hopefully, my advice will be helpful to you. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Many famous athletes may co mpete(竞争) at the World Series. 2. After the team won the football game, the audie nce(观众) shouted for a long time. 3. It is said that men generally sw eat (出汗) more during exercise than women. 4. Fighting broke out in the match after one of the players called a member of the other team a(n) ch eat (骗子). 5.People are very excited to know their country will h ost (主办) the Winter Olympics next year. 6. The number of dea ths(死亡) caused by fishing is growing in the country. 7. Helicopters res cued(救援) nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building last night. 8. Earthquakes are one of the Earth’s most serious forces which can destr oy (破坏)buildings and take lives. 9. People should have more pow er (权力)over the decisions that affect their lives. 10.Peter’s success in mastering English depends upon his attitu de(态度) towards that language. 11. Mandarin Chinese is spoken by more than one billi on (十亿) people, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. 12. Talking with a(n) nati ve(母语的) speaker is the most important step you can take to learn English. 13. When Eric studied in the language school in the US, he took the subwa y(地铁) to school every day. 14. For English as a second language learners, it is difficult to tell American English from British English, for example, apartm ent(公寓) and flat. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2023浙江1月完形)Within seconds, he’d s lid (slide)down the trunk and was back on the ground. 2. (2024·新课标全国I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 3. (2024年1月浙江卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. 4. (2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 5. (2024全国甲卷阅读理解B)Regular exercise is essential for maintaining physical fitness (fit) and mental well-being. 6.After jog ging (jog), I felt good and relaxed. 7.Animals in the wild have to compete f or food. 8.He would ask who we were and pretend not to kn ow (know) us. 9.It soon became clear that the program was a failure. 10.Recognizing all of our stren gths (strength) is a good way to accept and love ourselves. 11.Today, we are hon oured (honour) to invite Hannah to be our special guest. 12.If you feel stresse d (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. 13.It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help (help). 14.I was sho cked (shock) when the lady said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. 15.Nicholas was lost in a snowstorm and he didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other suppl ies (supply). 16.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered fr om blindness for lack (缺乏) of proper treatment. 17.Once the book you’ve requested is delivered t o the nearest branch (分馆), it will inform you by e-mail. 18.Learning to deal with the social world is equ ally (equal) important. 19.When your child demands that you (should) buy (buy) something, explain why you really don’t want to buy it. 20.He encourages me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world. 21.My brother was so fond of (喜爱) the museums there that he begged my parents to stay(stay) another couple of days. 22.Why do Americans struggle w ith watching their weight, while the French, who eat rich food, continue to stay thin? 23.For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related t o pleasure becomes active. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1. 作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和光荣。 As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. 2. 乔丹表示，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中学习。 Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. 3. 一旦我开始关注健身而非体重，事情就开始发生了变化。 Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change. 4. 与其把我喜欢的食物去掉，我是在餐食中加入了健康的食物。 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. 5. 我不再拿自己和女演员、模特比较，也不再寻找自己脸上或身体的缺点了。 I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 6. 仿佛世界末日就要来临了！ It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 7.幸存者环顾四周，所见之处唯有废墟。 Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. 8.在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上重建起来。 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 9. 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古老文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。 China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 10. 这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 11. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 12.我只需要几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。 I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 13.我不无法在脑子里记住所有的生词，当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。 I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. 14.阅读那些书为我打开了一扇通往另一个世界的窗户，也让我对自身世界有了新的视角。 Reading those books opened a window for me to another world and gave me a new point of view on my own world. 1.“影响”究竟用哪个？ 易混词 用法及例句 affect 词性：vt.（及物动词） 含义：影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 例：The flood affected thousands of people’s lives. （洪水影响了数千人的生活。） effect 词性：n.（名词） 含义：影响、结果、效果 例：The new policy had a positive effect on the economy. （新政策对经济产生了积极影响。） 2.哪种“方法”最合适？ 易混词 用法及例句 means 单复数同形,强调 “达成目标的媒介 / 工具”，可指具体的（如交通工具）或抽象的（如通讯方式）； 固定搭配：by all means（当然可以）、by no means（绝不）。 例：By no means should we use violent means to get what we want. （我们绝不能用暴力手段获取想要的东西。） method 侧重 “经过设计、有逻辑的一套方法”，常用于科研、教学、工作等专业场景； 不可接 to do，只能接 of/for doing。 例：The scientist’s research method is widely recognized. （这位科学家的研究方法被广泛认可。） way 最口语化、使用范围最广，可指 “做事方式、生活方式、路线” 等； 常用搭配：a way to do/of doing sth, in this way, the way (that/in which)... 除了 “方法”，还可表 “道路、方向”（means/method 无此含义）。 例：She has her own way of solving problems. （她有自己解决问题的方法。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $