高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 9 不定冠词及用法释疑 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

2025-12-01
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资源信息

学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 不定冠词
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 41 KB
发布时间 2025-12-01
更新时间 2025-12-01
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-12-01
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55219190.html
价格 0.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整理了不定冠词及用法释疑专题,涵盖“a+不可数名词”“a+修饰语+不可数名词”“a+序数词+名词”“a与one区别”等九大核心语法点,构建了从基础用法到特殊结构再到易混辨析的完整知识体系。 清单采用“疑问解答+例句实证”的分层呈现方式,如将“a+形容词+不可数名词”结构标注为高频易错点,配15个典型例句解析其部分化功能,培养学生的语言理解与表达能力。特设a/an选择规则表和a与one对比矩阵,如MP前用a还是an的发音规则提示,以及“at a time”与“at one time”的语义辨析,帮助学生精准突破语法难点,教师可据此设计针对性复习活动,提升备考效率。

内容正文:

高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 9 不定冠词及用法释疑 1 关于“a+不可数名词”结构 有人问: 有人说不可数名词不可受a或an的修饰,你认为对吗? 这种说法对初学英语的孩子也许有用,但对已学过几年英语的人来说,就不够全面了。事实上,“a+不可数名词”结构并不罕见,a常有“一种”、“一次”、“一阵”等含义。不可数名词多为物质名词与抽象名词。物质名词例如: (1)He was in a sweat. (2)I saw a smoke in the distance. (3)A mist spread before my eyes. 抽象名词例如: (4)The coach took an interest in the boy. (5)There seems to be a coolness between them. (6)People who are always complaining are a pain in the neck. 英语中还有一种常可见到的“a+形容词+不可数名词”结构。这种结构具有很大的活用性,现举数例如下: (7)Hang the picture in a good light. (8)A heavy dew fell. (9)This will be a sufficient equipment for a foreign journey. (10)He has a good digestion. (11)Alone in the quiet bar he enjoyed an unaccustomed tranquility. (12)No progress can establish itself without a partial retrogression. “a+形容词+不可数名词”中的形容词亦可代之以后置修饰语,例如: (13)Imagine a shyness more powerful than curiosity or desire.(后置修饰语是一形容词短语) (14)He has done a work of exceptional value.(后置修饰语是一名词短语) (15)In his eyes was a pain that was heartrending.(后置修饰语是一定语从句) 2 关于“a+修饰语+不可数名词”结构 有人问: 名词surprise(惊异)是不可数名词,但为什么可说a big surprise? “a+形容词+不可数单形名词”结构在英语里可谓屡见不鲜,a big surprise即是一例。不定冠词a在此意味着“一种”,起一种部分化的作用,常给人一种特殊的新鲜感。再如: (1)He has a good digestion. (2)She has a keen intelligence. (3)He could praise with a fine emphasis. 有时可以有一个以上的形容词,如: (4)The air had a fine, dry, bracing coldness. 以上皆为“a+形容词+不可数单形抽象名词”结构。同样,亦可有“a+形容词+不可数单形物质名词”结构,如: (5)It is a sound wine. (6)All these articles are made of a heavy clay. 应该指出,还有一种结构与上述结构稍有不同,即“a+不可数单形名词+修饰语”。这种结构并不罕见,如: (7)You could hear the child shrieking in a panic of terror.(修饰语为of terror) (8)It is an ink that will retain its fluidity.(修饰语为that从句) 3 关于“a+序数词+名词”结构 有人问: 有这样一道选择题: (1)He has tried twice, and the teacher asked him to have_________third try. A. a B. the C. another D. other 此题所给答案为A,为什么不用冠词the? 答案是对的,因为序数词third在此没有事先与其他序数词排定的含义。(如事先已排定则该用the third)换言之,当“他试过两次”之后,教师才想到要他试第三次。“a+序数词”这种用以表事先未排定顺序的用法在英语中可谓屡见不鲜,再如: (2)a first prize 一个头奖 (3)a second chance 第二个/又一个机会 (4)a third party 一个第三者 (5)She was born as a twelfth child. 她生下来排行第十二。 (6)In 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize for her research, she is the first person in the world to receive two Nobel prizes. 1911年,她的研究使她第二次获得诺贝尔奖,成为世界上第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的人。 4 为什么将a置在how nice之后? 问: (1)How nice a girl she is! 这一句中的how nice为何放在不定冠词a之前? 如果你初学英语,最好将这个句型牢牢记住,并能熟练地运用。如果你已学过几年英语,那就可以将它与“副词so (too, as)+形容词+不定冠词a”结构联系在一起学习,因为它们有共同之处,如: (2)She is so nice a girl that everybody likes her. (3)She is too nice a girl for him. (4)She is as nice a girl as her sister. 我们觉得具有初级或中级英语水平的人暂时都没有必要知道为什么在这种句型中不定冠词a一般必须放在“how (so, too, as)+形容词”之后。但如果你是一位青年教师或研究生,那就应该知道how nice之所以必须放在不定冠词之前,是有其理由的。这是因为how原是一个疑问副词,而在英语里,疑问词的位置总是靠前的。当我们将疑问副词how置放在句首时,与它关系十分密切的即为它所修饰的形容词nice也就势必紧跟在它的后面。就这样,how nice便置于不定冠词a之前了。下面句中的类似结构也应这样看: (5)He has over nice a sense of honour. (6)He was no less great a genius. (7)He might have asked the question in more serious a tone. 疑问词how既然应该位于句首,那么疑问词what当然也应如此,如: (8)What a day! (但形容词须放在不定冠词a之后,如What a fine day!) 代词such的本义是so like,那么,和so一样,它也应放在不定冠词之前,如: (9)I have never done such a thing before. (但形容词须放在a之后,如such a bad thing) 在这种影响下,副词rather和quite亦可放在不定冠词之前,如: (10)That's rather a silly question. (也可以说a rather silly question) (11)It's quite a good book. (也可以说a quite good book) 读者可能联想到many a time与half an hour,提出不定冠词a为什么放在many与half之后的问题。many与half在此分别是相当于名词的代词与数词。many a time中的many表示“倍增”(multiplicative),整个短语意谓a time的许多倍。half an hour中的half则表示“部分”(partitive),整个短语意谓an hour的一半。为了教学上的方便,也可以说half之后省去了of。但请注意,美国英语则常说a half hour,如: (12)If anybody wants me, say I'll be back in a half hour. 5 如何解释a great many等说法? 有人问: 应如何向学生解释a great many, a few, a little等说法? 学生常问many, few和little之前为什么用a,岂不矛盾? 我们认为最好告诉学生a great many, a few和a little都是习惯使然,早已变成固定词组,所以不必知道为什么要这样说,只需知道如何用就可以了。但如果你的学生已具有一定的英语水平,则可以向他们简短地说明一下:many和few可看作集体名词,后面省去了介词of。早先a many (of)也是可以说的,现在则只可以说a great many和a good many了。 但现在仍可说a few或a few of,以及a very few, an honest few等,不过a good few则比较少见了。 little和many, few不同,它没有复数概念,只意谓“少量”或“小量”。a little之后亦可看作省去了介词of,早先也是可以说a little of的。至于little之前用不定冠词a,正如few之前用不定冠词a一样,则是为了区别于little和few的。 6 a dirty brown memory是何意? 有人问: 有这样一句话: (1)It had been red once, but blown sand and too many groundnut butts had worn the color down to a dirty brown memory. a dirty brown memory是何意? 这里的memory是一可数抽象名词,其义为something remembered(留在记忆中的人或事物)。“a+形容词+memory”常可译作“一种……的回忆”,实例如: (2)a sweet memory 一种甜蜜的回忆 (3)a pleasant memory 一种愉快的回忆 (4)School is just a dim memory for me now. 学校现在对我来说只是一种模糊的记忆了。 但有时难以译作“一种……的回忆”,而需意译,实例如: (5)Rowena is still a beautiful memory. 留在记忆中罗伊娜仍是很美丽的。 上述句(1)中的a dirty brown memory亦需意译,也许可译作“记忆中已是一种很脏的褐色了”。 7 MP 之前应用 a 还是 an? 有人问: 你曾说 MP(美国议员)之前用不定冠词 an 是因为 M 发音以/e/为首,但我发现 MP 之前所加的冠词却是 a ,请问是何原因? MP 前用冠词 a 是因为它可读作 member of parliament。但如读作/'em'pi:/,则其前须用冠词 an ,如: He is an MP. 8 这里为何用a practice? 有人问: 有一个句子是这样的: (1)Journalism historians have tried to date the first newspaper interview — some credit James Gordon Bennet in 1836; others, Horace Greanley in 1859 — but it is less important to identify an individual inventor than to recognize that a practice largely unknown as late as 1860 was familiar, and controversial, a decade later. 这里为何不用the practice以指代前面提到的newspaper interview,却用了a practice? 这里用a practice而不用the practice,就是将特定的事物泛化了。泛化之后它就变为泛指的比较客观的事物了。再如: (2)A book may help you a lot with your writing.(从上文看这里的a book就是作者所谈的那本书) (3)The only decent restaurant in a city once filled with fine dining places was La Torre,...(a city指上文所说的Havana) 同样,用不定冠词a也可将特定的人加以泛化,如: (4)What is a man to do in such a case?(从上文看这里的a man实际上指I) 9 关于a和one的区别 在这篇短文里,我想谈谈不定冠词a和数词one有哪些相同与不同之处。而这也正是中国学生常会遇到的一个问题,不是吗? 让我们先看看这两个词有哪些不同吧。a和one虽然都可以译作“一”,但它们却有不少不同之处。 首先,在下列情况下一般都用a而不用one: 1. 表事物的类别而不表事物的数目的可数名词之前用a,这种a可以说相当于any one,如: (1)A cat is a domestic animal. (2)A burnt child dreads the fire. (3)If you want to kill a tortoise, wait till he puts out his head. 2. 当不强调“一”的数目概念时用a,如: (4)Wait a moment. (5)He emptied his glass at a draught. (6)Not a word was said. (not之后常用a) 3. 在不可数名词之前表“一部分”含义时用a,如: (7)It's a pity that you missed the train. (8)He has a good knowledge of English. 此外,还有一些含有不可数名词的介词短语也都用a,如in a hurry, in a panic, at a loss, at a gallop等。 4. 表“每一”的概念时用a。这种a或an乃由介词on变来,其意义相当于per,如: (9)It costs two dollars a pound. (10)He goes to the city only a few times a year. 5. 在half, such, many, what(感叹词), quite, rather等词之后一般皆用a,如: (11)Half a loaf is better than none. (12)Such a thing has never happened before in this city. (13)There's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip. (14)What a day! (15)It was quite a party. (16)He's rather a fool. 6. 在a few, a great many等表数目的固定词组中皆用a,如: (17)Only a few of us went. (18)The pear tree in the yard bore a great many pears. (在非正式英语中亦可用a good many或a pretty many) 另外在a full six hours, a long five miles, an estimated 3,000 people, a number of books等常用说法中也都用a。同时请注意在表度量的分数中亦用a,如: (19)I bought half a pound of tea and a quarter of a pound of coffee. 7. 在“have+a+look等动作名词”结构中常用a,如: (20)Have a look at this photo. (21)Will you have a drink? (22)I had a swim in the river yesterday. 在这种结构中,have还可后接a think, a smoke, a bite, a chew, a weep, a row等。 8. 还有很多习语用a而不用one,这里只举几例: a kind of, to a degree, a sea of faces, a mountain of work, once upon a time, to a man, of a morning, of a mind (a=the same)。 现在再让我们看看常用one而不用a的情况: 1. 强调“一”的数目概念而且有与two, three等其他数目对比的含义时,如: (23)You can have one apple. (24)It was one coffee we ordered, not two. (one在此与two对比,但a有时亦可与two, three等对比,如She has two daughters and a son.) 但在某些格言中须用a,如: (25)A stitch in time saves nine. (26)A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 2. 表“只有一个不多于一”的概念时,如: (27)There's only one way to do it. (常与only连用) (28)This is the one thing we can feel certain about. (与定冠词the连用) (29)It was her one great sorrow. (与物主代词连用) (30)When she was pregnant again, she decided to give it up so as to follow the Party's call to limit families to one child. 3. 与other, another连用或对比时,如: (31)What I say goes in at one ear and out at the other. (32)He had one good coat and two others that were dirty. (33)One man's meat is another man's poison. (34)I've managed to save quite a bit one way and another. 4. 有些固定说法须用one, 如as one man; with one voice; one man, one vote; one last time (chocolate, etc.)等。 上面所谈到的a与one的各自用法似乎界限分明,不易混淆。但事实上并非完全如此,现在我们举例说明如下: 1. a与one皆可表“某一”的概念,但二者的使用范围不同。a的使用范围很广,如: (35)A man called this afternoon. (36)There's a lion escaped from the zoo. (37)He works at a factory in Shanghai. 这样的a也可以用于人名,如: (38)Mr. Smith, there's a Mr. Brown to see you. (这里说话人用a表示他只知Mr. Brown其名,而不知他是什么人。英语中亦可用one于人名之前,如one Brown,但one在此不是限定词,而是一支撑词) one表“某一”的范围则要小的多,一般常与day, night, morning, afternoon, evening等词连用,如: (39)One day, many years later, I found out what had really happened. (40)I'd like to go to India one day. (41)One evening I arrived late. (42)A French examination was announced for one Friday late in August. 有时这种表“某一”的one也用于其他名词之前,如: (43)The work was well done in one way. (in one way=in a sort of way) (44)At one point, he thought he saw a bulldozer about to crush him. (45)He would perhaps visit one duchess in Mayfair, concerning the George Richard Memorial. 2. a与one皆常可用在hundred, thousand, million等数词之前,如a hundred和one hundred, 但在日常用语中多用a。用a时没有与two, three等对比的含义,用one时则有此含义。 此外,还应注意以下几点: 1. 在较长数字中,a hundred等只可用在其开头,如a hundred and thirty-two。但hundred等数词如处在较长数字的其他位置,其前则须用one, 如two thousand,one hundred and thirty-two。 2. 数词thousand之后如用and, thousand之前可用a, 如a thousand and thirty-two; thousand之后如为百位数,则其前须用one,如one thousand, three hundred and thirty-two。 3. 有些习语必须用a, 如:(not)one in a thousand, a thousand thanks, a hundred(或thousand)and one(意谓“许多”)等。 4. 阿拉伯数码中的1一律读作one,如1,100须读作one thousand one hundred。同样,125 BC须读作one hundred (and)twenty-five BC, £1.25须读作one pound twenty-five。 5. 可以说a mile, a foot, a pound, a dollar, 但常须说one mile two hundred yards, one foot ten (inches), one pound fifty, one dollar twenty-five。但既可说one hour twenty minutes, 也可说an hour and twenty minutes。 英语里有不少说法既可用a又可用one,但二者的意义却不相同,现略举数例比较如下: (46)at a time 一次,每次 at one time 曾经;一度 (47)as a man 作为人(指其性格或品格) as one man 像一个人一样(意谓团结一致) (48)more than a year 一年多一点 more than one year 一年以上(即不止一年) (49)for a moment 一会儿(a是一般用法) for one moment 一会儿(用one语气较强) 英语里也有一些说法用a或one均可,二者的意义无甚区别,如: (50)in a word in one word (51)of a mind of one mind (52)a hundred per cent one hundred per cent (53)at a blow at one blow 下面各对说法中的a与one不可互换,但也都同义: (54)one evening on an evening (55)one or two days a day or two (56)one of my friends a friend of mine 最后,必须指出,这里我们只对作为限定词的a与one进行比较。关于one用作非限定词(如后无名词的数词one以及代词或支撑词one),就都不涉及了。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 9 不定冠词及用法释疑 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 9 不定冠词及用法释疑 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 9 不定冠词及用法释疑 清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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