内容正文:
Unit6 Family members知
识
归
纳
语音语调
字母组合 “ar” 在单词中发 /ɑː/ 音:car, park, army, far
字母组合 “or” 在 “doctor”“policeman” 中发 /ə/ 音,在 “forty”“north” 中发 /ɔː/ 音
字母组合 “ir” 在 “girl”“bird” 中发 /ɜː/ 音
询问职业 / 外貌的特殊疑问句语调为降调(例:What does he do?↘),一般疑问句语调为升调(例:Is she a nurse?↗)
必记单词
四会
family 家庭;家人 father 父亲;爸爸 mother 母亲;妈妈 brother 兄弟 sister 姐妹 job 工作 doctor 医生 nurse 护士 teacher 教师 cook 厨师 worker 工人 tall 高的 strong 强壮的 short 矮的 long 长的 short 短的
三会
policeman 警察 artist 艺术家 gardener 园丁 businessman 商人 taxi driver 出租车司机 hospital 医院 school 学校 park 公园 hotel 酒店 police station 警察局 coat 外套 sweater 毛衣 hair 头发
常考短语
What does he/she do? 他 / 她是做什么工作的?What does he/she look like? 他 / 她长什么样?tall and strong 又高又壮long hair 长发short hair 短发wear a red sweater 穿一件红色毛衣work in a hospital 在医院工作work at a police station 在警察局工作work in a school 在学校工作work in a park 在公园工作work at a hotel 在酒店工作join the army 参军
必会句型
1. 询问他人外貌的句型:—What does he/she look like? —He/She is + 形容词(+ 其他). / He/She has + 外貌特征(名词短语).例:—What does your father look like? —He is tall and strong. / He has short hair and big eyes.
2. 询问他人职业的句型:—What does he/she do? —He/She is a + 职业名词.例:—What does your mother do? —She is a doctor.
3. 询问他人工作地点的句型:—Where does he/she work? —He/She works + in/at + 地点名词.例:—Where does your uncle work? —He works in a hospital.
4. 确认他人职业的一般疑问句:—Is he/she a + 职业名词?—Yes, he/she is. / No, he/she isn't. (He/She is a + 其他职业.)例:—Is your aunt a teacher? —No, she isn't. She is a nurse.||
核心语法
1. 一般现在时第三人称单数用法(主语为 he/she/ 单个人名 / 单数称谓时,动词 do→does,work→works,have→has)
2. 外貌描述形容词的用法(tall/short/strong 等直接作表语;long/short 修饰名词,如 long hair)3. 介词 in/at 表示工作地点的区别(in 用于大地点,如 hospital/school/park;at 用于小地点,如 police station/hotel)
4. 职业名词的构成(部分职业由 “名词 + er” 构成,如 teach→teacher,work→worker,drive→driver)
考
点
速
记
考点 01
考点 01 询问与描述他人外貌的核心句型(What does he/she look like?)
解析
核心功能:用于询问并描述第三人称单数(家人、他人)的外貌特征,是单元基础交际句型,重点区分 “be + 形容词” 和 “have + 外貌名词” 的用法。
句型结构:
询问句:What does he/she + look like?(he/she 指代男性 / 女性第三人称单数)
答句:① 描述整体特征:He/She is + 形容词(tall/short/strong/kind 等);
② 描述具体特征:He/She has + 名词短语(long hair/short hair/big eyes 等)。
注意:
“be + 形容词” 强调 “整体给人的印象”,形容词直接作表语;
“have + 名词短语” 强调 “拥有的外貌部件”,have 需根据主语变第三人称单数 has。
例句:—What does your sister look like?(你姐姐长什么样?)—She is short and kind. She has long hair and a small mouth.(她又矮又善良,有一头长发和一张小嘴。)
拓展:询问复数他人外貌:What do they look like? 答句:They are + 形容词. / They have + 名词短语.
提分练
( )1. —What does your mother look like? —She ______ tall and thin.
A. is B. has C. do
( )2. —What does Tom look like? —He ______ short hair and big eyes.
A. is B. has C. have
( )3. —What does your aunt look like? —She ______ a red sweater and long hair.
A. wear B. wears C. is
( )4. —What does your grandpa look like? —He is ______ and kind.
A. tall B. long C. short hair
( )5. —What do they look like? —They ______ strong and hard-working.
A. is B. are C. have
( )6. —What does Lily look like? —She isn't short. She is ______.
A. tall B. long C. short hair
考点 02
考点 02询问与描述他人职业的核心句型(What does he/she do?)
解析
核心功能:用于询问并回答第三人称单数的职业,是单元重点句型,需结合一般现在时第三人称单数变化。
句型结构:
询问句:What does he/she + do?(does 是助动词,用于第三人称单数,do 为实义动词 “做”)
答句:He/She is a + 职业名词(doctor/nurse/teacher 等).
注意:
职业名词前需加不定冠词 a(元音音素开头的职业除外,如 an artist);
主语为单个人名时,同样用此句型:What does Lucy do? She is a student.
例句:—What does your father do?(你爸爸是做什么的?)—He is a policeman. He works at a police station.(他是一名警察,在警察局工作。)
拓展:询问复数他人职业:What do they do? 答句:They are + 职业名词复数.(如 teachers/doctors)提分练
1.My mother is a nurse.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ your mother ______?
2.His father is a cook.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ father a cook?
3.She is a taxi driver.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ taxi driver.
4.—What does your uncle do?(根据提示回答:医生)
—He ______ ______ ______.
5.—What does Lily do?(根据提示回答:艺术家)
—She ______ ______ ______.
6.Tom's sister is a teacher.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ Tom's sister ______?
考点 03
考点 03询问与描述工作地点的句型(Where does he/she work?)
解析
核心功能:用于询问第三人称单数的工作地点,需掌握介词 in/at 与地点的搭配规则,同时注意动词 work 的第三人称单数变化。
句型结构:
询问句:Where does he/she + work?(work 为实义动词,用原形,因前面有助动词 does)
答句:He/She works + in/at + 地点名词.(works 是 work 的第三人称单数形式)
介词搭配规则:
in + 大地点(范围较广的场所):hospital(医院)、school(学校)、park(公园)、city(城市);
at + 小地点(具体的、范围小的场所):police station(警察局)、hotel(酒店)、office(办公室)。
例句:—Where does your aunt work?(你姑姑在哪里工作?)—She works in a school.(她在一所学校工作。)—Where does your uncle work?(你叔叔在哪里工作?)—He works at a police station.(他在一个警察局工作。)
拓展:询问复数他人工作地点:Where do they work? 答句:They work + in/at + 地点名词.
提分练
用 in 或 at 填空
1.My father is a doctor. He works ______ a big hospital.
2.Lucy's brother is a policeman. He works ______ a police station.
3.Our teacher works ______ No.1 Primary School.
4.Tom's uncle is a cook. He works ______ a famous hotel.
5.My grandpa is a gardener. He works ______ a beautiful park.
6.The artist works ______ a small office near the park.
考点 04
一般现在时第三人称单数的用法(描述家人职业 / 外貌)
解析
核心功能:本单元核心语法,用于描述第三人称单数(he/she/ 单个人名 / 单数称谓,如 father/mother/uncle/aunt)的职业、外貌、工作地点等,动词需发生相应变化。
动词变化规则:
一般实义动词直接加 - s:work→works,play→plays,wear→wears;
以 s/x/ch/sh/o 结尾的动词加 - es:do→does,go→goes,watch→watches;
以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 加 - es:study→studies(本单元暂未涉及);
特殊变化:have→has(表示 “拥有” 外貌特征时使用)。
句型应用:
肯定句:He/She + 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他.
例:She works in a hospital.(她在医院工作。)He has short hair.(他有短发。)
否定句:He/She + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他.(doesn't 后动词还原)
例:She doesn't work in a school.(她不在学校工作。)He doesn't have long hair.(他没有长发。)
疑问句:Does + He/She + 动词原形 + 其他?
例:Does she work in a park?(她在公园工作吗?)Does he have big eyes?(他有大眼睛吗?)
提分练
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.My mother ______ (be) a nurse. She ______ (work) in a hospital.
2.Tom's father ______ (do) many things every day. He ______ (be) a hard-working man.
3.—What ______ (do) your sister ______ (look) like? —She ______ (have) long hair and big eyes.
4.My uncle ______ (not be) a policeman. He ______ (be) a taxi driver.
5.Lily's aunt ______ (wear) a blue coat today. She ______ (work) at a hotel.
6.—What ______ (do) your grandpa ______ (do)? —He ______ (be) a gardener. He ______ (work) in a park.
考点 05
职业名词与工作地点的匹配
解析
核心功能:掌握单元核心职业与对应工作地点的固定搭配,是单项选择、情景对话的常考点,需熟记不同职业的工作场景。
常见职业与地点匹配表:
职业
工作地点
doctor(医生)
hospital(医院)
nurse(护士)
hospital(医院)
teacher(教师)
school(学校)
policeman(警察)
police station(警察局)
gardener(园丁)
park(公园)
cook(厨师)
hotel(酒店)/restaurant(餐厅)
taxi driver(出租车司机)
on the road(路上)
artist(艺术家)
studio(工作室)/office(办公室)
注意:部分职业可对应多个工作地点,如 teacher 除了在 school 工作,也可能在 training center(培训中心)工作,但单元重点掌握核心匹配关系。
例句:My sister is a teacher. She works in a primary school.(我姐姐是一名教师,她在一所小学工作。)His brother is a cook. He works at a big hotel.(他哥哥是一名厨师,他在一家大酒店工作。)
提分练
单项选择
( )1. My mother is a doctor. She works in a ______.
A. school B. hospital C. park
( )2. My father is a policeman. He works at a ______.
A. police station B. hotel C. school
( )3. Lucy's aunt is a teacher. She works in a ______.
A. hospital B. park C. school
( )4. Tom's uncle is a gardener. He works in a ______.
A. park B. hotel C. police station
( )5. My brother is a cook. He works at a ______.
A. school B. hotel C. hospital
( )6. Lily's father is a taxi driver. He works ______.
A. in a hospital B. on the road C. in a park
参考答案
考点 01 单项选择
1.A 解析:描述整体外貌用 “be + 形容词”,主语 she 对应 be 动词 is,故选 A。
2.B 解析:描述拥有的外貌特征用 “have + 名词短语”,主语 he 是第三人称单数,have 变 has,故选 B。
3.B 解析:“穿某件衣服” 用 wear,主语 she 是第三人称单数,wear 变 wears,故选 B。
4.A 解析:形容词 tall 作表语,描述整体特征;C 项 short hair 是名词短语,需与 has 搭配,故选 A。
5.B 解析:主语 they 是复数,描述整体特征用 “be + 形容词”,be 动词用 are,故选 B。
6.A 解析:前文 “isn't short” 提示此处用 tall(高的),long 不用于描述身高,故选 A。
考点 02 按要求完成句子
1.What does; do 解析:对职业提问用固定句型 “What does + 第三人称单数主语 + do?”,故填 What does 和 do。
2.Is his 解析:一般疑问句将 be 动词 is 提前,形容词性物主代词 his 修饰 father,故填 Is his。
3.isn't an 解析:否定句在 be 动词 is 后加 not(isn't),taxi driver 是可数名词单数,且 taxi 以辅音音素开头,加不定冠词 an,故填 isn't an。
4.is a doctor 解析:答句需用 “He is a + 职业名词”,医生是 doctor,故填 is a doctor。
5.is an artist 解析:艺术家是 artist,以元音音素开头,不定冠词用 an,故填 is an artist。
6.What does; do 解析:对职业提问,主语 Tom's sister 是第三人称单数,用句型 “What does + 主语 + do?”,故填 What does 和 do。
考点 03 用 in 或 at 填空
1.in 解析:hospital 是大地点,用介词 in,故填 in。
2.at 解析:police station 是小地点,用介词 at,故填 at。
3.in 解析:school 是大地点,用介词 in,故填 in。
4.at 解析:hotel 是小地点,用介词 at,故填 at。
5.in 解析:park 是大地点,用介词 in,故填 in。
6.at 解析:office 是小地点,用介词 at,故填 at。
考点 04 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.is; works 解析:主语 my mother 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 is;work 变 works,故填 is 和 works。
2.does; is 解析:主语 Tom's father 是第三人称单数,do 变 does;be 动词用 is,故填 does 和 is。
3.does; look; has 解析:疑问句用助动词 does,look 用原形;答句中 have 变 has,故填 does、look 和 has。
4.isn't; is 解析:否定句 be 动词用 isn't;后句 be 动词用 is,故填 isn't 和 is。
5.wears; works 解析:主语 Lily's aunt 是第三人称单数,wear 变 wears,work 变 works,故填 wears 和 works。
6.does; do; is; works 解析:疑问句用助动词 does,do 用原形;答句中 be 动词用 is,work 变 works,故填 does、do、is 和 works。
考点 05 单项选择
1.B 解析:医生的工作地点是医院(hospital),school 是学校,park 是公园,故选 B。
2.A 解析:警察的工作地点是警察局(police station),hotel 是酒店,school 是学校,故选 A。
3.C 解析:教师的工作地点是学校(school),hospital 是医院,park 是公园,故选 C。
4.A 解析:园丁的工作地点是公园(park),hotel 是酒店,police station 是警察局,故选 A。
5.B 解析:厨师的工作地点是酒店(hotel),school 是学校,hospital 是医院,故选 B。
6.B 解析:出租车司机的工作地点是路上(on the road),in a hospital 是在医院,in a park 是在公园,故选 B。
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