范畴3 话题15 灾害防范与宇宙探索-【一战成名新中考】2026河南中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练（讲册）

话题15灾害防范与宇宙探索近10年未考] 【课标子主题①自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护；②地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展 【常考角度】灾害与防范、地球与宇宙探索、航空与航天 【教材单元链接】 人教 课标 八（上）U4T2如何在地震中保护自己 九（上）U4T2&T3宇宙探索 话题 词句积累 ⑦话题词句梳理 1.earthquake地震 2.1ood洪水 3.rainstorm暴风雨 4.thunderstorm雷雨 5. sandstorm沙尘暴 6.fire火灾 7.typhoon台风 8.tornado龙卷风 自然 g.keep calm in danger在危险中保持冷静 l0.prepare a first-aid bag准备急救包 灾害 ll.listen to weather news听天气资讯 12.close all windows关掉所有窗户 l3.rebuild after a disaster灾后重建 与防 l4.stay away from the power lines远离电线 15.hide under the table躲在桌子下面 16.shout for help大声呼救 范 17.move to higher places移动到高处 18.stay in an open space待在开阔的地方 19.don't stand under trees不要站在树下 20.be careful of fallen things小心掉落的东西 2L.turn off the lights and gas关掉灯和天然气 22.cover one's mouth and nose with a wet towel用湿毛巾捂住口鼻 我来补充： 1.astronaut宇航员 2.planet行星 3.rocket火箭 4.satellite卫星 5.the Galaxy银河系 6.solar system太阳系 宇宙 7.space station空间站 8.space travel太空旅行 航天 9.manned spaceship载人飞船 10.black hole黑洞 ll.launch.into the sky把…发射上天 l2.send a spaceship into space把宇宙飞船送人太空 l3.explore the mystery of the universe探索宇宙的奥秘 我来补充： ⑦话题词句语境练 1.地震期间，我们应该远离路灯或电线。(stay away from) 2.当洪水来临时，我们必须迅速转移到更高的地方。(move to higher places) 3.太空旅行是现代科学技术的奇迹之一。(space travel) 4.宇航员在空间站教了我们一些有趣的科学知识。(space station) 5.中国将来会发射更多的火箭进入太空进行探索。(send..into space) 136 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 一战成名新中考 话题 语篇研读 Recently,a great scientific discovery amazed the world.TChinese 重难点拔了 scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the 课标高频词句 Moon,which could change how we think about living on the Moon 1.think about in the future!They wrote about their discovery in a science 2.in the future 3.make it+adi.to do sth. magazine called The Innovation.Their discovery shows that by using 4.It's+adj.+for sb.to do sth. lunar soil(月壤)，scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon. In the past,missions to the Moon showed that there might be 5.expect to do sth. ice at the Moon's north and south poles().However,there isn't 6.all in all much water in lunar soil-only a little bit,about 0.0001 percent to 7.open up. 0.02 percent,which makes it hard to find and use water there.So ·佳句积累（翻译波浪线所在句）》 it's difficult for people to expect to live on the Moon. The researchers,however,found something exciting after studying the rocks and soil from the Moon brought back by the ●长难句解读 Chang'e-5 spacecraft.2One of the exciting things they discovered ①铺灰的句子为which引导的 is that lunar soil melts(融化)when it reaches over1,OO0℃.When 从句，which在从句中作 it begins to melt,it produces water vapor().They learned that 从句中还包含了一个由how引导的 just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water.So,if we 从句。 had one ton of lunar soil,we could get between 51kg and 76kg of ②铺灰的句子为 引导的 从句，从句中还包含了一个由 water.That's enough to give drinking water to 50 people for one day! when引导的 All in all,this research opens up new possibilities for finding 从句。 water on the Moon.It's important for future trips to the Moon and people who might live there someday.As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil,we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon.This discovery could help make that dream come true! 1.What did Chinese scientists discover that amazed the world? A.A new method to travel to the Moon. B.Ice at the Moon's north and south poles. C.A new way to produce water on the Moon.D.Soil on the Moon can be used for building. 2.Why does the writer mention the earlier research in Paragraph 2? A.To show that it was totally wrong. B.To compare it with the new discovery. C.To prove there is no water on the Moon. D.To explain the difficulties people met before. 3.c凸跨学科How much water may scientists get if they have1,0O0 g of lunar soil? 120gH 120 120g 120g 100g 100 00 80g 80 8 80g 60 40 20 20g A B C D 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 137 4.c观点态度What's the writer's attitude towards the dream of humans living on the Moon? A.Hopeful. B.Worried. C.Surprised. D.Doubtful. 5.What does the text mainly talk about? A.The importance of lunar soil. B.Natural environment on the Moon. C.A great scientific discovery. D.The rocks and soil form the Moon. ⑦语篇剖析 1.体裁：说明文 2.What(主旨)：文章主要介绍了中国科学家利用月壤制造水的突破性发现，为未来月球居住和探 索提供了新的可能。 3.Wy(意图)：通过介绍在月球上制造水的新方法，激发读者对未知领域的好奇心和探索欲。 4.How(组织结构)： Leading into Chinese scientists have already found a new method to the topic produce water on the Moon. Earlier research There might be ice at the Moon's north and south poles.bu there isn't much water in lunar soil.So it's hard to find and A Great about the moon use water there. Scientific Discovery New research Lunar soil melts when it reaches over 1,000C. about the Moon When it begins to melt,it produces water vapor. Significance of the DOpen up new possibilities for finding water on the Moon. new discovery 2Help make the dream of living on the Moon come true. (⑦拓展提升练 佳句应用 1.宇宙飞船使到月球旅行成为可能。(make it+a山.to do sth.) 2.意外发生时，思考如何保护我们自己很重要。(think about) 138 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 一战成名新中考 话题 语篇精练 Passage 1 On April 24,2025,China achieved great success!It launched 课标高频词句 1.launch...into... the Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship into space.Three astronauts were 2.space station sent to the orbiting(沿轨道运行的）space station for a six-month 3.connect with mission.That day was the 10 th anniversary(周年纪念日)of 4.take over "China Space Day",a time to celebrate the country's space 5.carry out achievements,which all started with China's first satellite, 6.be important for Dongfanghong-1,launched in 1970. 7.achieve one's goal Next,the Shenzhou-20 quickly and automatically(自动地)met and connected with the Tiangong space station.The Shenzhou-20 crew then took over from the Shenzhou- 19 crew in space.The crew,including Chen Dong(the team leader)and astronauts Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie,had many tasks-doing space science experiments,carrying out technology tests,walking in space and dealing with goods. There were also some cool life science experiments.For example,they watched zebrafish (to learn about bone and heart health in low gravity),streptomyces(tiny living things used in making medicine), and planarian worms(China's first experiment on how animals regrow body parts in space).The Shenzhou- 20 crew studied the planarian regeneration(in space and it could help us understand how to deal with space-related health problems in humans.Besides these,they did 59 other space science experiments and technology tests in the space station,where over 200 scientific projects have been hosted. China is also training its fourth group of astronauts.Astronauts from Hong Kong and Macao may fly to space as early as 2026.Shenzhou-20's mission is important for China to achieve its goal of sending humans to the moon by 2030.Every experiment,every test,and every activity moves us one step closer to that dream. 1.What do Dongfanghong-1 and Shenzhou-20 have in common? A.They both carried astronauts to space. B.They were both launched to the moon. C.They both advanced China's space industry.D.They were both launched on April 24. 2.c细节归纳What tasks was carried out by the Shenzhou-20 crew according to Paragraph2? a.Giving physics lessons. b.Carrying out technology tests. c.Walking in space. d.Doing space science experiments. A.a,b,c B.a,b,d C.a,c,d D.b,c,d 3.代词指代What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph3 refer to? A.The experiment on zebrafish. B.The planarian worm experiment C.The medicine-making process. D.The space station's scientific project. 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 139 4.c□观点态度What does the writer think of China's space program? A.Hopeful. B.Doubtful. C.Uninterested. D.Uncertain. 5.What is the best title for the text? A.The Tiangong Station:Building in Progress B.Mission in Shenzhou-20:Training New Astronauts C.Shenzhou-20:A New Step in China's Space Journey D.Space Science:Zebrafish and Worms in Experiments ⑦拓展提升练 佳句应用 1.宇航员们将开展实验，帮助我们进一步了解太空生活。（carry out) 2.运动对宇航员来说很重要，因为这可以帮助他们保持健康。(be important for) Passage 2 Water is one of the most useful things on Earth.It gives us !课标高频词包 1.wash away life.We think water is something soft and gentle,but sometimes 2.a period of time water is so powerful that it can even be destructive(破坏性的). 3.natural killer Here we talk about floods. 4.global warming」 There are two main kinds of floods:flash floods and slow 5.sea level floods.Flash floods are sudden floods of great volumes()of water.They overflow (the banks of the rivers and wash away everything they touch into pieces. Flash floods are destructive.The other type is slow floods.They rise over a long period of time.Usually as more and more rain falls,the water in rivers rises and land floods.These slow floods happen in every country in the world. Floods are the world's biggest natural killer.When floods happen,crops are damaged () houses are washed away,roads are destroyed,and people are killed.Every year in America water kills over 100 people,most in flash floods.Floods also cause huge economic()losses. Floods are a serious problem.Worse still,they may become more powerful and happen more often as global warming becomes more and more serious.Around the world,sea levels will rise,and more lives will be taken by the flood waters of our planet. Floods are a serious natural disaster and we must try to stop them from happening often to protect our lives and homes. 1.What can we know about flash floods? A.They happen unexpectedly. B.They are slow but powerful. C.They are less destructive than slow floods.D.They appear everywhere around the world. 2.c写作手法How does the writer explain“Floods are the world's biggest natural killer..”？」 A.By giving facts. B.By telling stories. C.By raising questions. D.By showing steps. 140 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 一战成名新中考 3.What does the underlined word "taken"mean in Paragraph 4? A.Born. B.Protected. C.Killed. D.Controlled. 4.o篇章结构What is the structure of the text? ①② ①② 3 ②③④⑤ L. A B 5.C后续推断What might the writer talk about next? A.The history of floods. B.Ways to prevent floods. C.Stories of flood survivors. D.Types of natural disasters. Passage 3 Have you ever dreamed about what it 课标高频词句 1.dream about would be like to go to some of the farthest 2.would like to do sth. places on Earth?Perhaps you'd like to cross the a boy wearing a mask 3.wish for Sahara Desert.As you experience the heat,in a sandstorm 4.have to you might find yourself wishing for a light wind.However,if you 5.be likely to do sth. notice that the light wind turns into a heavy wind,you have to be 6.have a cough careful.It is hard for you to find your way.1. 7.wear masks The main causes of sandstorms include sand-dust source( )strong winds and air conditions that are likely to change suddenly.Sandstorms appear when strong winds blow lots of sand and dust into the air.2. For example,sandstorms are quite common in the Sahara Desert. Sandstorms can happen quickly and without much warning.3. Therefore,it doesn't take hurricane-force(飓风级别的)winds to get sand and dust moving through the air..The faster the wind blows,the higher and farther the sand and dust can be blown. 4. Since they can reduce visibility（能见度)to near zero,sandstorms make traveling difficult.Blowing sand and dust can also get into machines,making them broken. Sandstorms can also cause all kinds of health problems,since sand and dust flying through the air can find their way into your eyes,nose,mouth,and so on.5. If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm,go to the hospital. A.Sandstorms can be very dangerous. B.What do you know about sandstorms? C.They usually happen in sandy areas,especially deserts. D.During a sandstorm,you should wear masks if you are outside. E.Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms. 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 141null