范畴2 话题13 科学与技术-【一战成名新中考】2026河南中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练（讲册）

话题13 科学与技术[10年3考打 【课标子主题】科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新 【常考角度】发明创造[2022方框选词]、科技对生活的影响[2016方框选词]、新能源[2023阅读C]、信息技术与 安全 【教材单元链接】 人教 课标 九（全）U6发明 八（上）U4T3互联网对生活的影响 九（上）U4T1发明 话题 词句积累 ⑦话题词句梳理 1.science and technology科学技术2.scientific study/.research科学研究3.great invention伟大的发明 4.electric light电灯 5.smartphone智能手机 6.online payment在线支付 7.electronic product电子产品 8.high-speed railway高铁 9.facial recognition人脸识别 科技 10.mobile robot移动机器人 11.high-tech products高科技产品 12.the sweeping robot扫地机器人 与发 l3.drone performance无人机表演14.virtual reality(VR)虚拟现实 1l5.artificial intelligence人工智能 明 16.make a video chat视频聊天17.be used for被用于 l8.be invented by由…发明 19.by accident/chance偶然；意外地20.be made of/from由…制成 我来补充： l.take the place of取代 2.change one's life改变某人的生活 3.have a great influence on..对…有很大的影响 4.play a role in..在…中发挥作用 5.get the latest information获取最新消息 6.save us a lot of time节省我们许多时间 7.make life more convenient使生活更方便 8.open up a world of knowledge开阔知识世界 科技 9.make communication faster and easier使沟通更快捷简单 的影 l0.shorten the distance of transportation缩短交通出行的距离 响 ll.let traditional cultures come alive让传统文化焕发生机 l2.help students achieve personalized study帮助学生实现个性化学习 l3.take a leading position in the world在世界上处于领先位置 我来补充： ⑦话题词句语境练 1.如今，人们习惯于在互联网上获取最新信息。(get the latest information) 2.人工智能可以用来帮助学生实现个性化学习。(be used for) 3.这个宇宙飞船是由木头和玻璃制成的。(be made of) 4.虽然人工智能足够智能，但它不能取代人类。(take the place of) 5.中国高铁在世界上处于领先位置。(take a leading position) 118 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 一战成名新中考 话题 语篇研读 Imagine this:You jump into a car on a weekend morning,and 重难点拨 it takes you wherever you want to go-no directions needed.When ·课标高频词句 it drops you off,it heads home on its own,so you don't need to 1.drop off worry about parking.That's what self-driving cars can do. 2.depend on A self-driving car is also called a driverless car.It senses its 3.not.….at all 4.in the near future environment and operates without human involvement () 5.make up_ Depending on the level of driving automation(自动化)，these cars ·佳句积累（翻译波浪线所在句）》 require different degrees of human involvement.At higher levels,a human passenger may not need to take control or even be in the vehicle at all.However,at lower levels,human involvement might still be necessary.An autonomous vehicle isn't some simple small tool."It's a system,a collection of inventions applied(应用)in a novel way,”reported Wired magazine. Developing self-driving cars takes a lot of time and resources,but the advantages are promising.For example,automation could markedly reduce road accidents,as according to research in the United States, 94%of accidents are caused by the drivers'own operational mistakes. Self-driving cars can help even more like helping the people with disabilities More importantly, they can help reduce energy use and air pollution by less traffic jams and unnecessary operations. Many well-known companies worldwide,such as Baidu and Tesla,have entered the self-driving car industry.According to Wired,autonomous technology could add $7 trillion()(more than 49 trillion yuan)and save hundreds of thousands of lives in the near future.Research from Goldman Sachs,a famous bank,suggests that self-driving cars will make up 10 percent of new vehicle sales by 2030. 1.Why does the writer ask readers to imagine at first? A.To explain how to buy a self-driving car. B.To teach readers to drive self-driving cars. C.To show how useful self-driving cars can be. D.To discuss the disadvantages of self-driving cars. 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A.Self-driving cars have to sense with human involvement. B.The automation levels of self-driving cars are the same. C.Some self-driving cars can be controlled from the outside. D.An autonomous vehicle is a complicated system with an invention. 3.C细节归纳What are the advantages of self-driving cars according to the text? DThey can cut down on road accidents. 2They can help the disabled people. 3They can reduce energy use and air pollution.4They can work without following traffic rules. A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④ 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 119 4.What do the numbers in the last paragraph tell us? A.Self-driving cars will be more expensive by 2030. B.Self-driving cars have a huge market requirement. C.Self-driving cars can make much money for the owners. D.Self-driving cars are mostly produced by the two companies. 5.观点态度”What is the writer's attitude towards self-driving cars? A.Supportive. B.Worried. C.Uncertain. D.Doubtful. 新考法点拨 观点态度题。此类试题的观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、积极；②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀 疑、悲观。此类试题的选项一般含有以下三类词：①中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)， humorous(滑稽有趣的)等；②褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring (赞赏的)等；③贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，impassive(无动于衷的)，indifferent(漠不关心 的)，negative(否定的，消极的)。 针对此类试题，考生可参考以下方法解题： 1.采用主旨推断的方法。可根据文章或段落的主题句推断作者的写作目的，因为主题句往往会表明作者的态 度立场。 2.在原文中找观点类语言。这类语言可能是作者自己的观点，也有可能是引用了专家的观点或研究来表明自 己的观点。体会这些语言的感情色彩，褒贬含义，从而推断出作者的观点。 3.文中没有明确的态度时，应注意表达感情色彩的形容词，通过这些词推断出作者的观点。 本文中，作者主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的诸多优点，以及其广阔的发展前景等，没有提及对自动驾驶汽车 的担忧或怀疑等负面态度，所以作者的态度是 ⑦语篇剖析 1.体裁：说明文 2.What(主旨)：文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的功能、优势、发展现状及未来前景。 3.Wy(意图)：通过让读者了解自动驾驶汽车的潜力和好处，增强读者对这项技术的认识和兴趣， 并为未来的技术发展做好准备。 4.How(组织结构)： Leading into the topic You don't need to worry about parking.That's what self-driving cars can do. Classific- DAt higher levels,human passengers don't need to take control or be in the vehicle ation(分类) 2At lower levels,human involvement might still be necessary because it's a system Self- driving Cars Advantages Dhelp reduce road accidents;2help people with disabilities;3help reduce energy use and air pollution Future DAutonomous technology could add $7 trillion and save hundreds of thousands prospects of lives in the near future. (展望) 2Self-driving cars will make up 10 percent of new vehicle sales by 2030. 120 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 一战成名新中考 话题 语篇精练 Passage1[2025白银改编] 课标高频词句 1.different types of 2.and so on 3.be used to do sth. 4.self-driving car 5.viewing history 6.It's up to sb.to do sth. Learning about AI AI works by using algorithms(),or step-by-step instructions,to help computers understand and work with information.For example,if you want to teach a computer to know different types of fruits,you should give it a lot of pictures of fruits and tell it which ones are apples,bananas,and so on.The computer will then use this information to figure out what new fruits are.This process is called “machine learning”. What can AI be used for? AI is already being used in many different areas.For example,AI can be used to: ·diagnose(诊断)and treat diseases; drive self-driving cars; recommend movies and TV shows according to your viewing history; help teachers give marks to papers. The Future of AI In the future,AI may completely change many parts of our lives and help us solve some of the world's biggest problems.However,it's also important to remember that Al is just a tool,and it's up to us to decide how we use it..With responsible and ethical(合乎道德的)use,AI can make the world a better place for everyone! PS:The copy above is created by Al! L.c信息还原Which of the following can be put in▲_？ A.When was AI invented? B.How does AI work? C.Why is AI important? D.Who uses AI the most? 2.What does the underlined phrase "figure out"probably mean? A.Come out. B.Try out. C.Find out. D.Bring out. 3.How does AI recommend movies and TV shows? A.By guessing freely B.By using your viewing history. C.By asking your friends D.By creating new movies. 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 121 4.What can we learn from the text? A.AI isn't a tool and it can decide how people use it. B.AI can make a better world if we use it correctly. C.It's impossible for AI to solve the biggest questions. D.AI can not help teachers to mark the papers. 5.Who wrote the text? A.A worker. B.An engineer. C.A writer. D.AI ⑦拓展提升练 一、新考法加练 1.g写作目的What is the main purpose of the text? A.To warn people about the dangers of Al. B.To show what AI is,its uses and future. C.To explain how to create AI programs. D.To compare AI with other technologies. 2.c主题推断What's the theme of the text? A.Human. B.Technology. C.Culture. D.Nature. 二、佳句应用 1.在我们的日常生活中，机器人能被用来做很多工作。(be used to do sth.) 2.明智地使用科技取决于我们，比如设置屏幕时间限制。(t's up to sb.to do sth.) Passage2[2025泸州改编] Plastic waste is an increasingly important problem.Up to now, 课标高频词句 1.up to now only 9%of the plastics ever produced have been recycled.The rest 2.hundreds of remain on earth for hundreds of years.They wash out to the ocean to 3.break down become rubbish,harm wildlife and break down into small plastics 4.with the help of that can enter the human brain and other parts of our bodies. 5.stop doing sth. Recently,scientists have developed a new method to break 6.the amount of down plastic waste with the help of water in the air.The researchers 7.throw away mixed a special metal and activated carbon(话性炭)with PET,the most common type of polyester()plastic.Then they heated the mixture.After a short time,this broke the chemical connections in the polyester.Next,when the team left the material in the air,the mixture turned into TPA,a polyester material,and acetaldehyde,an industrial chemical.Finally,these valuable chemical materials were recycled. After the first success,researchers tested the method on different plastics and found it worked on polyester plastic only.That meant they didn't need to separate different kinds of plastics.Also,when they 122 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 一战成名新中考 added water,it stopped working because the amount()of water in the air was just right. The team's next plan will be to use the method widely in industry. "It's hopeful that our technology can hugely reduce plastic pollution,lower the environmental footprint of plastics and help materials be reused instead of being thrown away,"researchers said."It's a leap towards a cleaner,greener future,and it shows how creative chemistry can solve world challenges in a way that joins hands with nature. 1.What harm of plastics is mentioned in Paragraph 1? A.Polluting the sea. B.Warming the air. C.Reducing wetland. D.Causing wildfire. 2.细节排序How did the team do the research? a.Heat the mixture b.Leave the mixture in the air. c.Recycle the chemical materials. d.Mix a special metal and activated carbon with PET. A.d-b-a-c B.d-b-c-a C.d-a-b-c D.d-a-c-b 3.细节归纳What do we know about the method according to the text? a.It works without plastic separation. b.It produces reusable industrial materials. c.It works faster than other methods. d.It helps reduce environmental pollution. A.a,b,c B.b,c,d C.a,b,d D.a,c,d 4.g观点态度What is the researchers'attitude(态度)toward the technology? A.Doubtful. B.Disappointed. C.Indifferent. D.Hopeful. 5.Which can be the best title for the text? A.Turn to plastics for more metals B.Put plastics into wider farming use. C.Recycle plastics for a cleaner future. D.Improve plastic production in a better way. ?拓展提升练】 一、新考法加练 g观点事实Which of the following is an opinion(观点)according to the text? A.PET is the most common type of polyester plastic. B.It's hopeful that our technology can help materials be reused. C.Up to now,only 9%of the plastics ever produced have been recycled. D.TPA is a polyester material and acetaldehyde is an industrial chemical. 二、佳句应用 1.一些科学家认为，让机器人像我们一样思考可能需要数百年。(hundreds of) 2.在VR的帮助下，我们可以在家欣赏世界各地的风景。(with the help of) 话题读写思维训练·河南英语 123 Passage3[2025湖北改编] by camera clear and find we enjoyable online rush way Have you ever used your fingerprint to open a door?Have you !课标高频词句 open a door ever taken a self-driving taxi on the road?Technologies have brought 1. 2.bring changes to_ great changes to our life.Actually,changes can also be 1. 3.don't have to in your school. 4.as soon as "Now,we don't have to 2. to the canteen(食堂)as 5.It's time for sth. soon as the bell rings,"says Hu Liang,a student from Jiangxi. His 6.offer sb.sth. school introduced a smart canteen system()this year.Students choose meals 3.first.When it's time for their orders, 7.add.…to.… they pick up meals 4. _using facial recognition(人脸识 technology.The smart canteen offers students 5. experiences.At the same time,it helps the school plan meals 6. reduce kitchen waste.Besides providing delicious food,the smart school also tries to help students develop good living habits. Recently,a middle school in Chongqing has used four 7. on the playground to follow students and record how fast they run.They can 8.see the top ten students on the screen.That adds fun to running and makes students compete in an interesting 9. What other exciting technologies could be part of 10. life in the future?Let's look forward to even more changes! (⑦拓展提升练 一、一材多设 l.写作手法How does the writer lead into the topic? A.By telling stories. B.By asking questions. C.By listing numbers D.By giving examples. 2.c篇章结构What is the structure of the text? ② ③ ④ A B D 二、佳句应用 1.DeepSeek一出现就在互联网上引起了广泛关注。(as soon as) 2.人工智能可以为我们提供建议，但我们不能失去独立思考的能力。(offer sb.sth.) 124 话题读写思维训练·河南英语null