专题01 名词（语法知识）-2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题01名词 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 1.（2025・浙江）He was the ______ (win) of the Kazakhstan National Chinese Language Contest. 答案：winner 解析：考查动词变名词。“the...of” 结构中需用名词，win 为动词，其名词形式为 winner，根据 is 可知用单数。 2.（2024・浙江）He played with some ______ (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth. 答案：toys 解析：考查名词复数。some 后接可数名词复数，toy 的复数形式为 toys。 3.（2023・浙江衢州）He cleans the leaves in the garden three ______ (time) a day. 答案：times 解析：考查名词复数。“three times a day” 表示 “一天三次”，time 此处意为 “次数”，为可数名词，复数形式为 times。 4.（2023・浙江湖州）Also, it is such a golden season for ______ (fisherman)! 答案：fishermen 解析：考查名词复数。此处表示泛指渔民群体，fisherman 的复数形式为 fishermen。 5.（2023・浙江丽水）Today, her garden has grown to include sixty plant beds and twelve ______ (tree)! 答案：trees 解析：考查名词复数。twelve 修饰可数名词复数，tree 的复数形式为 trees。 6.（2023・浙江绍兴）For example, the environment can be helped and many ______ (life) can be saved. 答案：lives 解析：考查名词复数。many 修饰可数名词复数，life 作 “生命” 讲时，复数形式为 lives。 7.（2023・浙江）I had thought it was boring to visit the 2,000-year-old ______ (house), but I was wrong. 答案：houses 解析：考查名词复数。此处表示泛指古城中的房屋，house 的复数形式为 houses。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 一、名词的分类 名词按指代对象可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类，具体细分及特征如下： （一）专有名词 特指某一特定的人、地方、机构、节日等的专属名称，核心词首字母必须大写，通常不加冠词（由普通名词构成的专有名词除外）。 例如：China（中国）、Mary（玛丽）、the Great Wall（长城）、October（十月）、Spring Festival（春节）、the United Nations（联合国）。 （二）普通名词 表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称，首字母不大写，可进一步分为四类： 1.个体名词：表示单个个体，属于可数名词。 例如：pen（钢笔）、student（学生）、desk（书桌）——There is a pen on the desk.（书桌上有一支钢笔。） 2.集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，可作可数名词。 例如：family（家庭 / 家人）、class（班级 / 同学）、team（团队）——Our class is a big family.（我们班是个大家庭。） 3.物质名词：表示无法拆分的实物，多为不可数名词。 例如：air（空气）、water（水）、paper（纸）——We need clean air to breathe.（我们需要干净的空气呼吸。） 4.抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概念，多为不可数名词。 例如：happiness（幸福）、knowledge（知识）、work（工作）——Knowledge is power.（知识就是力量。） 二、名词的数 名词按是否可计数分为可数名词和不可数名词，其形式变化是中考核心基础。 （一）可数名词的单复数变化 1.规则变化 变化规则 举例 一般情况加 - s desk→desks；bag→bags s/x/ch/sh 结尾加 - es class→classes；watch→watches 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - es country→countries；lady→ladies 元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 - s boy→boys；toy→toys f/fe 结尾，多数变 v 加 - es knife→knives；leaf→leaves f/fe 结尾，少数直接加 - s belief→beliefs；chief→chiefs 辅音字母 + o 结尾加 - es hero→heroes；tomato→tomatoes 元音字母 + o 结尾加 - s radio→radios；zoo→zoos 2.不规则变化 变内部元音：man→men（男人）、foot→feet（脚）、tooth→teeth（牙齿） 词尾加 - en：child→children（孩子）、ox→oxen（公牛） 单复数同形：sheep→sheep（绵羊）、deer→deer（鹿）、Chinese→Chinese（中国人） 仅复数形式：trousers（裤子）、glasses（眼镜）、goods（货物） 复合名词变化：passer-by→passers-by（过路人）、man doctor→men doctors（男医生）、grown-up→grown-ups（成年人） （二）不可数名词的用法 1.无复数形式，不可用 a/an 或数词直接修饰，需搭配 “数词 + 量词 + of” 结构。 例如：a glass of water（一杯水）→two glasses of water（两杯水）；a piece of paper（一张纸）→three pieces of paper（三张纸）。 2.常用修饰词：much（许多）、a little（一点）、some（一些）、plenty of（大量）。 例如：There is much rain in summer.（夏天雨水很多。） 3.常见不可数名词：news（新闻）、information（信息）、advice（建议）、weather（天气）、homework（作业）、fun（乐趣）。 三、名词所有格 表示名词之间的所属关系，相当于汉语 “…… 的”，主要有两种形式： （一）'s 所有格 1.单数名词：词尾加's → Tom's book（汤姆的书）、the girl's pen（女孩的钢笔）。 2.复数名词：以 - s 结尾加 ' → the students' classroom（学生们的教室）；不以 - s 结尾加's → children's toys（孩子们的玩具）。 3.共有时与各自有：共有时在最后一词加's（Mike and Mary's mother 迈克和玛丽的妈妈）；各自有在每个词加's（Mike's and Mary's bags 迈克的包和玛丽的包）。 （二）of 所有格 多用于无生命名词 → the door of the room（房间的门）、the cover of the book（书的封面）。 ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 考点 1：可数名词复数的不规则变化 【考查要点】 侧重特殊复数形式的记忆与运用，尤其是单复数同形、内部元音变化及 “某国人” 的复数，常出现在单选题和词汇填空题中。 【举例分析】There are many ______ (sheep) on the hill. 答案：sheep 解析：sheep 为单复数同形的名词，无论表示单数还是复数，形式均不变。句意为 “山上有许多绵羊”，故填 sheep。 考点 2：不可数名词的量化表达 【考查要点】 判断名词的可数性，掌握 “数词 + 量词 + of” 结构的正确运用，以及不可数名词与修饰词的搭配，是完形填空和单选题的高频考点。 【举例分析】 I want to learn more about the history of Tang Dynasty. Why not use the Internet to find more ______? A. information B. messages C. advice D. discussions 答案：A 解析：information（信息）为不可数名词，符合 “查找唐朝历史相关内容” 的语境；B、C、D 均为可数名词复数或语境不符，故选 A。 考点 3：名词所有格的用法区别 【考查要点】 区分共有的所有格与各自的所有格，以及's 所有格和 of 所有格的适用场景，多在单选题中考查语境中的正确形式。 【举例分析】 —Are these ______ books? —No, they are ______. A. Lucy and Lily's；Mike's B. Lucy's and Lily's；Mike's C. Lucy's and Lily's；Mike D. Lucy and Lily's；Mike 答案：B 解析：第一空后 books 为复数，说明是两人各自的书，需用 Lucy's and Lily's；第二空表示 “迈克的（书）”，用 Mike's，故选 B。 考点 4：同形名词的可数与不可数辨析 【考查要点】 部分名词因含义不同，可数性发生变化，需结合语境判断，常见于词义辨析题。 【举例分析】 —Would you like some ______? —Yes, please. I'm hungry. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken 答案：A 解析：chicken 表示 “鸡肉” 时为不可数名词，无复数形式；表示 “小鸡” 时为可数名词。根据 “我饿了” 可知此处指鸡肉，故选 A。 考点 5：集体名词的主谓一致 【考查要点】 集体名词作主语时，根据表示 “整体” 还是 “成员” 确定谓语动词的单复数，是语法填空和改错题的易错点。 【举例分析】 Our class ______ (win) the football match yesterday. 答案：won 解析：class 在此处表示 “班级整体”，谓语动词用单数；由 yesterday 可知用过去式，故填 won。若表示 “班级成员”，则用复数，如 “Our class are reading books.”（我们班同学正在看书。） ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1．—How can a person become ______? —I think hard work and a strong mind will lead you to ______. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．successful; success D．successfully; successful 2．________ rooms are very clean! A．Mike and Tom’s B．Mike’s and Tom’s C．Mike and Tom D．Mike’s and Tom 3．— You shouldn’t have ________ ice-cream. It’s unhealthy. —I know. I’m trying to ________. A．too much; give it up B．much too; give up it C．too many; give it up D．too much; give up it 4．I don’t know how much this box ________. I need to use a tool to find out its ________. A．weight; weight B．weighs; weighs C．weight; weighs D．weighs; weight 5．They had no ________ but ________ short their journey because of the sudden heavy rain. A．choices; to cut B．choices; cut C．choice; to cut D．choice; cut 6．My uncle has five ________ and eleven ________ on his farm. A．geese; sheeps B．geese; sheep C．goose; sheeps D．goose; sheep 7．—Look! There are two nice school cultural and creative products (文创) on the desk. —They’re ________. The pin (徽章) is for Tom, and the note is for Jerry. A．Tom and Jerry B．Tom’s and Jerry C．Tom and Jerry’s D．Tom’s and Jerry’s 8．Our school’s annual sports ________ will attract students from many schools. A．cost B．reply C．event D．opportunity 9．— Do you know Xi’an is one of ________ in the world? — Yes, it’s older than ________ city in China. A．the oldest city; the other B．the oldest cities; the other C．the oldest city; any other D．the oldest cities; any other 10．You can see many animals on my ________ farm. There are pigs, cows and ________. A．grandpa’s and grandma; goose B．grandpa and grandma’s; goose C．grandpa’s and grandma’s; geese D．grandpa and grandma’s; geese 11．Tom is a new friend of ________ in junior high. A．I B．mine C．me D．my 12．Do you know ________ your advice is of great ________ to him? A．if; important B．whether; importance C．that; important D．that; importance 13．—Whose basketballs are those? —They are ________. A．my B．he C．my mother D．my father’s 14．—Look! There are many ________ on my grandma’s farm. —Yes, and we often have ________ for dinner. It’s delicious. A．chicken; chicken B．chickens; chickens C．chicken; chickens D．chickens; chicken 15．Oh! Look at these. They are our school ________. A．woman teachers B．women teachers C．women teacher D．woman teacher 16．Peter says ________ room is very tidy. A．Jack B．Jack’s C．Jacks D．Jacks’ 17．Audrey Hepburn, famous for Roman Holiday, is famous as one of ________ in film history. A．most successful actresses B．the most successful actresses C．the more successful actress D．the most successful actress 18．Good ______ can help avoid misunderstandings between people. A．relation B．relationship C．relative D．relate 19．To maintain a long-term ______, trust and understanding are very important. A．friend B．friendly C．friendship D．friendless 20．Every year, we take a ________ photo together during the Spring Festival. But ________ photo was different. A．family’s; this year’s B．family; this year’s C．family’s; this year D．family; this year 21．In order to help me out, he has provided me ________ many ________. A．/; advice B．/; suggestions C．with; advice D．with; suggestions 22．We had a class ________ about how to protect the environment. A．discuss B．discussing C．discussion D．discussed 23．Which festival is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month? A．Spring Festival B．Dragon Boat Festival C．Mid-Autumn Festival D．Lantern Festival 24．Daniel is in good ________, because his lifestyle keeps him ________. A．health, health B．health, healthy C．healthy, health D．healthy, healthy 25．—Why do you practice Tai Chi (太极) every day, Andy? —Because this Chinese form of _________ helps me relax and find my inner quietness. A．term B．subject C．exercise D．housework 26．Countries should make ________ with each other, or there is no winner in the end when a war happens. A．nature B．warmth C．peace D．beauty 27．Eating more fruit is good for your ________. A．healthy B．health C．be healthy D．be health 28．—What’s that tall ________ over there? —It’s a new library. It will open next month. A．build B．building C．built D．builds 29．I think your suggestions are of great _______ to me and they are well worth ________. A．help; taking B．helpful; taking C．help; being taken D．helpful; to take 30．—________ desks are these?   —They are ________ desks. A．Who; Ray’s and Lucy B．Whose; Ray and Lucy’s C．Who; Ray’s and Lucy’s D．Whose; Ray’s and Lucy’s 二、短文填空 1 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式填空。(一空一词) Emma loved inventing things. 31 (最近), Emma found many students couldn’t keep their things clean, so she decided to make a better locker organiser (储物盒). She worked hard on it, fearing 32 (失败) but still full of excitement. When Emma showed her idea to her teacher Mr Li, he 33 (提供) her advice. Emma felt nervous but remembered her teacher’s words:Take 34 (冒险举动) and learn from mistakes. 35 (因此), she decided to show it at a school science fair. There was 36 (没有东西) holding her back. At the fair, Emma’s 37 (鲜艳的) and simple locker organiser caught everyone’s attention. Some students loved it, while others doubted. Emma realised that even though there were 38 (差异) in opinions, her invention was great. Emma felt proud of trying. She learnt that being 39 (创造力)means facing challenges and keeping confident. Even though problems 40 (使苦恼) her, she was ready to keep improving her invention. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给词的适当形式。 The power of curiosity 1. Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only 41 (passionate) curious.” The 42 (great) inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. 2. Curiosity can bring new 43 (discovery). Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings 44 lightning. 3. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, 45 Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost his life 46 testing this invention. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example and created safer ways 47 (explore) space. 4. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also 48 (drive) people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years studying the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew 49 (China) first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. 5. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for 50 (we) to discover a new world. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题01名词 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 1.（2025・浙江）He was the ______ (win) of the Kazakhstan National Chinese Language Contest. 答案：winner 解析：考查动词变名词。“the...of” 结构中需用名词，win 为动词，其名词形式为 winner，根据 is 可知用单数。 2.（2024・浙江）He played with some ______ (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth. 答案：toys 解析：考查名词复数。some 后接可数名词复数，toy 的复数形式为 toys。 3.（2023・浙江衢州）He cleans the leaves in the garden three ______ (time) a day. 答案：times 解析：考查名词复数。“three times a day” 表示 “一天三次”，time 此处意为 “次数”，为可数名词，复数形式为 times。 4.（2023・浙江湖州）Also, it is such a golden season for ______ (fisherman)! 答案：fishermen 解析：考查名词复数。此处表示泛指渔民群体，fisherman 的复数形式为 fishermen。 5.（2023・浙江丽水）Today, her garden has grown to include sixty plant beds and twelve ______ (tree)! 答案：trees 解析：考查名词复数。twelve 修饰可数名词复数，tree 的复数形式为 trees。 6.（2023・浙江绍兴）For example, the environment can be helped and many ______ (life) can be saved. 答案：lives 解析：考查名词复数。many 修饰可数名词复数，life 作 “生命” 讲时，复数形式为 lives。 7.（2023・浙江）I had thought it was boring to visit the 2,000-year-old ______ (house), but I was wrong. 答案：houses 解析：考查名词复数。此处表示泛指古城中的房屋，house 的复数形式为 houses。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 一、名词的分类 名词按指代对象可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类，具体细分及特征如下： （一）专有名词 特指某一特定的人、地方、机构、节日等的专属名称，核心词首字母必须大写，通常不加冠词（由普通名词构成的专有名词除外）。 例如：China（中国）、Mary（玛丽）、the Great Wall（长城）、October（十月）、Spring Festival（春节）、the United Nations（联合国）。 （二）普通名词 表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称，首字母不大写，可进一步分为四类： 1.个体名词：表示单个个体，属于可数名词。 例如：pen（钢笔）、student（学生）、desk（书桌）——There is a pen on the desk.（书桌上有一支钢笔。） 2.集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，可作可数名词。 例如：family（家庭 / 家人）、class（班级 / 同学）、team（团队）——Our class is a big family.（我们班是个大家庭。） 3.物质名词：表示无法拆分的实物，多为不可数名词。 例如：air（空气）、water（水）、paper（纸）——We need clean air to breathe.（我们需要干净的空气呼吸。） 4.抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概念，多为不可数名词。 例如：happiness（幸福）、knowledge（知识）、work（工作）——Knowledge is power.（知识就是力量。） 二、名词的数 名词按是否可计数分为可数名词和不可数名词，其形式变化是中考核心基础。 （一）可数名词的单复数变化 1.规则变化 变化规则 举例 一般情况加 - s desk→desks；bag→bags s/x/ch/sh 结尾加 - es class→classes；watch→watches 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - es country→countries；lady→ladies 元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 - s boy→boys；toy→toys f/fe 结尾，多数变 v 加 - es knife→knives；leaf→leaves f/fe 结尾，少数直接加 - s belief→beliefs；chief→chiefs 辅音字母 + o 结尾加 - es hero→heroes；tomato→tomatoes 元音字母 + o 结尾加 - s radio→radios；zoo→zoos 2.不规则变化 变内部元音：man→men（男人）、foot→feet（脚）、tooth→teeth（牙齿） 词尾加 - en：child→children（孩子）、ox→oxen（公牛） 单复数同形：sheep→sheep（绵羊）、deer→deer（鹿）、Chinese→Chinese（中国人） 仅复数形式：trousers（裤子）、glasses（眼镜）、goods（货物） 复合名词变化：passer-by→passers-by（过路人）、man doctor→men doctors（男医生）、grown-up→grown-ups（成年人） （二）不可数名词的用法 1.无复数形式，不可用 a/an 或数词直接修饰，需搭配 “数词 + 量词 + of” 结构。 例如：a glass of water（一杯水）→two glasses of water（两杯水）；a piece of paper（一张纸）→three pieces of paper（三张纸）。 2.常用修饰词：much（许多）、a little（一点）、some（一些）、plenty of（大量）。 例如：There is much rain in summer.（夏天雨水很多。） 3.常见不可数名词：news（新闻）、information（信息）、advice（建议）、weather（天气）、homework（作业）、fun（乐趣）。 三、名词所有格 表示名词之间的所属关系，相当于汉语 “…… 的”，主要有两种形式： （一）'s 所有格 1.单数名词：词尾加's → Tom's book（汤姆的书）、the girl's pen（女孩的钢笔）。 2.复数名词：以 - s 结尾加 ' → the students' classroom（学生们的教室）；不以 - s 结尾加's → children's toys（孩子们的玩具）。 3.共有时与各自有：共有时在最后一词加's（Mike and Mary's mother 迈克和玛丽的妈妈）；各自有在每个词加's（Mike's and Mary's bags 迈克的包和玛丽的包）。 （二）of 所有格 多用于无生命名词 → the door of the room（房间的门）、the cover of the book（书的封面）。 ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 考点 1：可数名词复数的不规则变化 【考查要点】 侧重特殊复数形式的记忆与运用，尤其是单复数同形、内部元音变化及 “某国人” 的复数，常出现在单选题和词汇填空题中。 【举例分析】There are many ______ (sheep) on the hill. 答案：sheep 解析：sheep 为单复数同形的名词，无论表示单数还是复数，形式均不变。句意为 “山上有许多绵羊”，故填 sheep。 考点 2：不可数名词的量化表达 【考查要点】 判断名词的可数性，掌握 “数词 + 量词 + of” 结构的正确运用，以及不可数名词与修饰词的搭配，是完形填空和单选题的高频考点。 【举例分析】 I want to learn more about the history of Tang Dynasty. Why not use the Internet to find more ______? A. information B. messages C. advice D. discussions 答案：A 解析：information（信息）为不可数名词，符合 “查找唐朝历史相关内容” 的语境；B、C、D 均为可数名词复数或语境不符，故选 A。 考点 3：名词所有格的用法区别 【考查要点】 区分共有的所有格与各自的所有格，以及's 所有格和 of 所有格的适用场景，多在单选题中考查语境中的正确形式。 【举例分析】 —Are these ______ books? —No, they are ______. A. Lucy and Lily's；Mike's B. Lucy's and Lily's；Mike's C. Lucy's and Lily's；Mike D. Lucy and Lily's；Mike 答案：B 解析：第一空后 books 为复数，说明是两人各自的书，需用 Lucy's and Lily's；第二空表示 “迈克的（书）”，用 Mike's，故选 B。 考点 4：同形名词的可数与不可数辨析 【考查要点】 部分名词因含义不同，可数性发生变化，需结合语境判断，常见于词义辨析题。 【举例分析】 —Would you like some ______? —Yes, please. I'm hungry. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken 答案：A 解析：chicken 表示 “鸡肉” 时为不可数名词，无复数形式；表示 “小鸡” 时为可数名词。根据 “我饿了” 可知此处指鸡肉，故选 A。 考点 5：集体名词的主谓一致 【考查要点】 集体名词作主语时，根据表示 “整体” 还是 “成员” 确定谓语动词的单复数，是语法填空和改错题的易错点。 【举例分析】 Our class ______ (win) the football match yesterday. 答案：won 解析：class 在此处表示 “班级整体”，谓语动词用单数；由 yesterday 可知用过去式，故填 won。若表示 “班级成员”，则用复数，如 “Our class are reading books.”（我们班同学正在看书。） ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1．—How can a person become ______? —I think hard work and a strong mind will lead you to ______. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．successful; success D．successfully; successful 2．________ rooms are very clean! A．Mike and Tom’s B．Mike’s and Tom’s C．Mike and Tom D．Mike’s and Tom 3．— You shouldn’t have ________ ice-cream. It’s unhealthy. —I know. I’m trying to ________. A．too much; give it up B．much too; give up it C．too many; give it up D．too much; give up it 4．I don’t know how much this box ________. I need to use a tool to find out its ________. A．weight; weight B．weighs; weighs C．weight; weighs D．weighs; weight 5．They had no ________ but ________ short their journey because of the sudden heavy rain. A．choices; to cut B．choices; cut C．choice; to cut D．choice; cut 6．My uncle has five ________ and eleven ________ on his farm. A．geese; sheeps B．geese; sheep C．goose; sheeps D．goose; sheep 7．—Look! There are two nice school cultural and creative products (文创) on the desk. —They’re ________. The pin (徽章) is for Tom, and the note is for Jerry. A．Tom and Jerry B．Tom’s and Jerry C．Tom and Jerry’s D．Tom’s and Jerry’s 8．Our school’s annual sports ________ will attract students from many schools. A．cost B．reply C．event D．opportunity 9．— Do you know Xi’an is one of ________ in the world? — Yes, it’s older than ________ city in China. A．the oldest city; the other B．the oldest cities; the other C．the oldest city; any other D．the oldest cities; any other 10．You can see many animals on my ________ farm. There are pigs, cows and ________. A．grandpa’s and grandma; goose B．grandpa and grandma’s; goose C．grandpa’s and grandma’s; geese D．grandpa and grandma’s; geese 11．Tom is a new friend of ________ in junior high. A．I B．mine C．me D．my 12．Do you know ________ your advice is of great ________ to him? A．if; important B．whether; importance C．that; important D．that; importance 13．—Whose basketballs are those? —They are ________. A．my B．he C．my mother D．my father’s 14．—Look! There are many ________ on my grandma’s farm. —Yes, and we often have ________ for dinner. It’s delicious. A．chicken; chicken B．chickens; chickens C．chicken; chickens D．chickens; chicken 15．Oh! Look at these. They are our school ________. A．woman teachers B．women teachers C．women teacher D．woman teacher 16．Peter says ________ room is very tidy. A．Jack B．Jack’s C．Jacks D．Jacks’ 17．Audrey Hepburn, famous for Roman Holiday, is famous as one of ________ in film history. A．most successful actresses B．the most successful actresses C．the more successful actress D．the most successful actress 18．Good ______ can help avoid misunderstandings between people. A．relation B．relationship C．relative D．relate 19．To maintain a long-term ______, trust and understanding are very important. A．friend B．friendly C．friendship D．friendless 20．Every year, we take a ________ photo together during the Spring Festival. But ________ photo was different. A．family’s; this year’s B．family; this year’s C．family’s; this year D．family; this year 21．In order to help me out, he has provided me ________ many ________. A．/; advice B．/; suggestions C．with; advice D．with; suggestions 22．We had a class ________ about how to protect the environment. A．discuss B．discussing C．discussion D．discussed 23．Which festival is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month? A．Spring Festival B．Dragon Boat Festival C．Mid-Autumn Festival D．Lantern Festival 24．Daniel is in good ________, because his lifestyle keeps him ________. A．health, health B．health, healthy C．healthy, health D．healthy, healthy 25．—Why do you practice Tai Chi (太极) every day, Andy? —Because this Chinese form of _________ helps me relax and find my inner quietness. A．term B．subject C．exercise D．housework 26．Countries should make ________ with each other, or there is no winner in the end when a war happens. A．nature B．warmth C．peace D．beauty 27．Eating more fruit is good for your ________. A．healthy B．health C．be healthy D．be health 28．—What’s that tall ________ over there? —It’s a new library. It will open next month. A．build B．building C．built D．builds 29．I think your suggestions are of great _______ to me and they are well worth ________. A．help; taking B．helpful; taking C．help; being taken D．helpful; to take 30．—________ desks are these?   —They are ________ desks. A．Who; Ray’s and Lucy B．Whose; Ray and Lucy’s C．Who; Ray’s and Lucy’s D．Whose; Ray’s and Lucy’s 二、短文填空 1 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式填空。(一空一词) Emma loved inventing things. 31 (最近), Emma found many students couldn’t keep their things clean, so she decided to make a better locker organiser (储物盒). She worked hard on it, fearing 32 (失败) but still full of excitement. When Emma showed her idea to her teacher Mr Li, he 33 (提供) her advice. Emma felt nervous but remembered her teacher’s words:Take 34 (冒险举动) and learn from mistakes. 35 (因此), she decided to show it at a school science fair. There was 36 (没有东西) holding her back. At the fair, Emma’s 37 (鲜艳的) and simple locker organiser caught everyone’s attention. Some students loved it, while others doubted. Emma realised that even though there were 38 (差异) in opinions, her invention was great. Emma felt proud of trying. She learnt that being 39 (创造力)means facing challenges and keeping confident. Even though problems 40 (使苦恼) her, she was ready to keep improving her invention. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给词的适当形式。 The power of curiosity 1. Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only 41 (passionate) curious.” The 42 (great) inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. 2. Curiosity can bring new 43 (discovery). Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings 44 lightning. 3. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, 45 Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost his life 46 testing this invention. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example and created safer ways 47 (explore) space. 4. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also 48 (drive) people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years studying the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew 49 (China) first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. 5. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for 50 (we) to discover a new world. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】句意：——一个人如何才能变得成功？——我认为努力和坚强的意志会带领你走向成功。 考查形容词和名词用法。successful成功的（形容词）；success成功（名词）；succeed成功（动词）；successfully成功地（副词）。 第一空在系动词“become”后，需接形容词作表语，表示状态；第二空在短语“lead to”中，“to”为介词，后需接名词作宾语。故选C。 2．B 【解析】句意：Mike和Tom的房间非常干净！ 考查名词所有格。根据“rooms”可知房间不止一个，应是两个人各自的房间，用“Mike’s and Tom’s”。故选B。 3．A 【解析】句意：——你不应该吃太多冰淇淋。它不健康。——我知道。我正在努力放弃它。 考查短语辨析和动副短语的用法。too much太多，修饰不可数名词；much too太……，修饰形容词或副词；too many太多修饰可数名词复数，give up放弃。ice-cream是不可数名词，修饰用too much；give up是动副短语，代词作宾语时要放在中间。故选A。 4．D 【解析】句意：我不知道这个箱子有多重。我需要用一个工具来找出它的重量。 考查动词和名词用法。第一空缺少谓语动词，主语是this box，因此用第三人称单数形式weighs；第二空前面是its，需要名词形式weight。故选D。 5．C 【解析】句意：由于突然下大雨，他们除了缩短旅程，别无选择。 考查名词和非谓语动词。choices选择，名词复数；to cut缩短，动词不定式；choice选择，名词单数；cut缩短，动词原形。have no choice but to do sth “除了做某事别无选择”，固定搭配。故选C。 6．B 【解析】句意：我叔叔的农场上有五只鹅和十一只羊。 考查名词复数形式，goose（鹅）的复数为geese，sheep（羊）的复数形式不变，仍为sheep。选项A中sheeps错误；选项C中goose为单数、sheeps错误；选项D中goose为单数错误。故选B。 7．D 【解析】句意：——看！桌子上有两件很好的学校文化创意产品。——它们是汤姆的和杰瑞的。徽章是给汤姆的，便签是给杰瑞的。 考查名词所有格。Tom and Jerry汤姆和杰瑞；Tom’s and Jerry汤姆的和杰瑞；Tom and Jerry’s汤姆和杰瑞的；Tom’s and Jerry’s汤姆的和杰瑞的。根据“The pin (徽章) is for Tom, and the note is for Jerry.”可知，此处表示它们是汤姆的和杰瑞的。故选D。 8．C 【解析】句意：我们学校一年一度的运动会将吸引许多学校的学生。 考查名词辨析。cost费用；reply答复；event赛事；opportunity机会。根据“Our school’s annual sports…will attract students from many schools.”及结合选项可知，我们学校一年一度的运动会将吸引许多学校的学生。根据句意，年度体育“活动”或“赛事”符合语境，且“sports event”为常见搭配，表示体育赛事。故选C。 9．D 【解析】句意：——你知道西安是世界上最古老的城市之一吗？——是的，我知道。它比中国任何其他城市都古老。 考查比较级和最高级。第一个空是固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，表示“最……的……之一”；第二个空是固定结构“比较级+than+any other+单数名词”，表示“比任何其他的……都更……”。故选D。 10．D 【解析】句意：你可以在我爷爷和奶奶的农场看到许多动物。那里有猪、牛和鹅。 考查所有格和名词复数。表示两人共同所有时，所有格在最后一个人名后加’s；名词“goose”的复数为“geese”。故选D。 11．B 【解析】句意：汤姆是我在初中的一个新朋友。 考查代词用法。I我；mine我的；me我；my我的。根据“Tom is a new friend of…in junior high.3.”可知，空格处需用名词性物主代词mine，构成双重所有格结构“a friend of mine”，表示“我的一个朋友”。故选B。 12．D 【解析】句意：你知道你的建议对他来说非常重要吗？ 考查宾语从句以及名词的用法。be of great importance“非常重要”，是固定搭配，第二个空用importance；宾语从句“your advice is of great importance to him”表示一个陈述事实，而非疑问，应使用连词that。故选D。 13．D 【解析】句意：——那些是谁的篮球？——它们是我父亲的。 考查名词所有格。根据疑问词“Whose”可知，此处询问某物是谁的，应用名词所有格。故选D。 14．D 【解析】句意：——看！我奶奶的农场上有许多鸡。——是的，我们经常吃鸡肉作为晚餐。很美味。 考查可数名词和不可数名词的用法。“chicken”表示“鸡”时是可数名词，复数形式为“chickens”；表示“鸡肉”时是不可数名词，没有复数形式。第一空“many”后接可数名词复数，故用“chickens”；第二空表示食物，用不可数名词“chicken”。故选D。 15．B 【解析】句意：哦！看看这些。她们是我们学校的女教师。 考查名词复数。根据“They are”可知，此处应该用名词复数形式。由两个普通名词构成的复合名词，前面的名词为woman，变成复数时两个名词都要变成复数，woman的复数为women，teacher的复数为teachers，所以“女教师”的复数形式是women teachers。故选B。 16．B 【解析】句意：Peter说Jack的房间非常整洁。 考查名词所有格。Jack杰克；Jack’s杰克的；Jacks杰克（复数）；Jacks’杰克们的。根据“...room is very tidy”可知，此处应用单数名词所有格形式，表示“Jack的房间”，故选B。 17．B 【解析】句意：奥黛丽·赫本因《罗马假日》而闻名，她是电影史上最成功的女演员之一。 考查形容词和名词。根据“in film history”可知，此处用形容词的最高级，one of the+形容词的最高级+复数名词，表示“最……的……之一”，故选B。 18．B 【解析】句意：良好的关系有助于避免人与人之间的误解。 考查词义辨析。relation联系；relationship关系（强调人与人之间的具体关系）；relative亲戚；relate联系（动词）。根据“Good...can help avoid misunderstandings between people.”可知，句子缺少主语，空处应是名词，强调人际关系，relationship符合语境。故选B。 19．C 【解析】句意：为了维持长久的友谊，信任和理解是非常重要的。 考查名词作宾语和名词词义辨析。friend朋友，名词；friendly友好的，形容词；friendship友谊，名词；friendless无依无靠的，没有朋友的，形容词。分析句子“To maintain a long-term…, trust and understanding are very important.”可知，此处应填入friendship，名词，作宾语，表达为了维持长久的友谊，信任和理解是非常重要的。故选C。 20．B 【解析】句意：每年春节期间，我们都会一起拍一张全家福。但今年的照片却与众不同。 考查名词所有格用法。“family photo”是一个固定搭配，意为“全家福”，“family”是名词作定语修饰“photo”；根据“But...photo was different.”可知，“photo”前需填一个能修饰它的词，“this year’s”意为“今年的”，符合题意。故选B。 21．D 【解析】句意：为了帮助我，他给了我很多建议。 考查动词短语和名词辨析。根据“he has provided me…many….”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达他给了我很多建议。第一空应填入with，provide sb with sth“提供给某人某物”，固定搭配；many后跟可数名词复数，所以第二空应填入suggestions。故选D。 22．C 【解析】句意：我们上了一节关于如何保护环境的讨论课。 考查名词用法。discuss讨论，动词原形；discussing讨论，现在分词或动名词；discussion讨论，名词；discussed讨论，过去分词或过去式。根据“We had a class…about how to protect the environment.”以及选项可知，此处指“一节关于如何保护环境的讨论课”，应用名词discussion。故选C。 23．C 【解析】句意：在农历八月十五是庆祝哪个节日？ 考查节日名词。Spring Festival春节；Dragon Boat Festival端午节；Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节；Lantern Festival元宵节。根据常识可知，中秋节是在八月十五。故选C。 24．B 【解析】句意：丹尼尔身体健康，因为他的生活方式让他保持健康。 考查词汇辨析。health健康，名词；healthy健康的，形容词。根据“Daniel is in good...”可知，此处应用短语be in good health“身体健康”，第一空应选名词health；根据“his lifestyle keeps him...”可知，此处应用“keep sb.+形容词”结构表示“使某人处于某种状态”，所以第二空应选形容词healthy。故选B。 25．C 【解析】句意：——安迪，你为什么每天都练习太极？——因为这种中国形式的锻炼能帮助我放松，找到内心的平静。 考查名词辨析。term学期；subject科目；exercise锻炼；housework家务。根据“practice Tai Chi”以及“helps me relax and find my inner quietness”可知，练习太极是一种锻炼方式，有助于放松和找到内心的平静，所以此处用exercise表示“锻炼”。故选C。 26．C 【解析】句意：各国应该彼此和平相处，否则在战争发生时，最终没有赢家。 考查名词辨析。nature自然；warmth温暖；peace和平；beauty美。根据“there is no winner in the end when a war happens.”可知，这里表示要和平。故选C。 27．B 【解析】句意：多吃水果对你的健康有好处。 考查名词的用法。healthy健康的；health健康；be healthy是健康的；be health表述错误。根据“Eating more fruit is good for your...”可知，本空是在形容词性物主代词后，应接名词。故选B。 28．B 【解析】句意：——那边那座高楼是什么？——它是一座新图书馆。它将于下月开放。 考查名词的用法。build建造，动词；building建筑物（名词），建造（现在分词）；built建造，过去式/过去分词；builds建造，动词三单。根据“What’s that tall…”可知，此处指高楼，应用名词building。故选B。 29．A 【解析】句意：我认为你的建议对我有很大帮助，它们很值得采纳。 考查名词和非谓语用法。由于“of great”后接名词，第一空用help，名词；由“are well worth”可知，worth后接动名词taking，表示被动意义。故选A。 30．D 【解析】句意：——这些是谁的桌子？——它们是Ray和Lucy的。 考查特殊疑问句和名词所有格。who谁；whose谁的。根据“desks are these”可知此处询问是谁的桌子，疑问词用whose；根据“desks”可知这些桌子是Ray和Lucy分别拥有的，表示两个人分别拥有物品时，两个人的名字后都使用所有格。故选D。 二、 1 31．Recently/Lately 32．failure 33．offered 34．risks 35．Therefore 36．nothing 37．bright 38．differences 39．creative 40．troubled 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲了艾玛发现很多学生无法保持物品整洁，便努力发明了一款储物盒并在学校科学博览会上展示，过程中她勇于尝试、直面挑战，最终为自己的努力感到自豪。 31．句意：最近，艾玛发现很多学生不能保持他们的东西干净，所以她决定做一个更好的储物盒。根据“..., Emma found many students couldn’t keep their things clean”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰整个句子，“最近” 对应的英文副词是Recently或Lately，两者均可表示 “最近”，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Recently/Lately。 32．句意：她努力为之奋斗，害怕失败但仍然充满兴奋。“fearing”是及物动词，后接名词作宾语，“失败”对应的英文名词是failure，为不可数名词。故填failure。 33．句意：当艾玛把她的想法告诉她的老师李老师时，他给了她建议。根据上下文可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“提供”对应的英文动词是offer，其过去式是offered，“offer sb. advice”意为“给某人提供建议”，符合语境。故填offered。 34．句意：艾玛感到紧张，但记住了老师的话：勇于冒险，从错误中学习。“冒险举动”对应的英文短语是take risks，risk为可数名词，常用复数形式，符合语境。故填risks。 35．句意：因此，她决定在学校的科学博览会上展示它。根据“..., she decided to show it at a school science fair.”可知，此处需要一个副词表示因果关系，“因此”对应的英文副词是Therefore，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Therefore。 36．句意：没有什么能阻止她。“没有东西”对应的英文不定代词是nothing，在句中作主语，符合语境。故填nothing。 37．句意：在博览会上，艾玛那鲜艳又简单的储物盒吸引了所有人的注意力。“鲜艳的”对应的英文形容词是bright，在句中作定语修饰名词“locker organiser”，符合语境。故填bright。 38．句意：艾玛意识到，尽管人们的观点存在差异，但她的发明很棒。“差异”对应的英文名词是difference，为可数名词，根据句中“were”可知，此处应用复数形式differences。故填differences。 39．句意：她明白了，富有创造力意味着面对挑战并保持自信。“创造力”对应的英文形容词是creative，在句中作表语，符合“being + 形容词”的结构。故填creative。 40．句意：尽管问题让她苦恼，但她准备继续改进她的发明。根据上下文可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“使苦恼”对应的英文动词是trouble，其过去式是troubled，符合语境。故填troubled。 2 41．passionately 42．greatest 43．discoveries 44．from 45．the 46．while/when 47．to explore 48．drives 49．China’s 50．us 【解析】本文主要讲述了好奇心的力量，通过本杰明·富兰克林、万户和张衡的例子说明了好奇心如何带来新发现、使人勇敢并推动人们实现目标。 41．句意：我只是充满激情地好奇。空处修饰形容词curious，应用passionate的副词passionately“充满激情地”。故填passionately。 42．句意：历史上最伟大的发明没有好奇心是不可能实现的。定冠词the后接形容词最高级，great的最高级为greatest。故填greatest。 43．句意：好奇心可以带来新的发现。new后接可数名词复数，discovery的复数形式为discoveries。故填discoveries。 44．句意：这项发明保护建筑物免受雷击。根据“…protects buildings…lightning”可知，此处是protect...from...“保护……免受……”，固定搭配。故填from。 45．句意：看看万户，这位明朝太空探索的先驱。此处特指“万户”这个人，且Ming Dynasty pioneer是一个具有特定身份的头衔，前面常用定冠词 the表示特指。故填the。 46．句意：他在测试这项发明时失去了生命。根据“testing this invention”可知，此处表示“当他测试新发明的时候，发生了意外”，应用while/when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填while/when。 47．句意：人们从他的例子中学习，并创造了更安全的探索太空的方法。此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰ways。故填to explore。 48．句意：它也驱使人们朝着某些目标前进。句中时态为一般现在时，主语“It”为第三人称单数，谓语动词drive应用三单形式drives。故填drives。 49．句意：最后，他绘制了中国的第一张星图。修饰名词短语“first star map”，应用名词所有格China’s“中国的”。故填China’s。 50．句意：它为我们打开一扇又一扇门，去发现一个新世界。for为介词，后接人称代词宾格us。故填us。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $