语法专题（2）第4讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦语法专题，系统覆盖动词的时态（含一般、进行、将来、完成时态）、语态及主谓一致（语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则）等高考核心考点。依据高考评价体系，按考点分设专题，通过梳理近五年真题考点分布，明确时态、主谓一致等高频考查模块，归纳选择、填空等常考题型，构建针对性备考框架。 课件亮点在于“考点精析+技巧点拨+对点训练”的实战设计，如主谓一致专题提炼“谓语动词三步骤题法”，指导学生“一定主语、二定时态、三看一致”，培养语言能力与思维品质。语法小练模块融入高仿真真题变式，特设易错点警示，助力学生掌握答题技巧。教师可依托体系化内容精准规划复习，提升学生高考冲刺效率。

语法专题 英 语 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 一般时态 考点一 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 进行时态 考点二 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 将来时态 考点三 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 完成时态 考点四 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(一)——动词的时态 语法项目(二)——动词的语态 语法项目(二)——动词的语态 语法项目(二)——动词的语态 语法项目(二)——动词的语态 语法项目(二)——动词的语态 语法项目(二)——动词的语态 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法一致原则 考点一 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 意义一致原则 考点二 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 就近一致原则 考点三 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 解题技法点拨 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法项目(三)——主谓一致 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 语法小练——对点冲关 (一)一般现在时 1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always、usually、often、sometimes、every day等。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day. 我通常每天晚上做作业。 2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go、arrive、leave、start、stay、return、begin、come、take off等动词(短语)。 My flight takes off at 5：00 am. 我的航班早上五点起飞。 3．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed． 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 (二)一般过去时 1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有yesterday、last year、just now、the other day、two weeks ago等。 He arrived at school at 9：00 am yesterday. 他昨天上午九点到的学校。 2．表示过去一般时间经常或反复发生的动作以及过去的习惯动作，常与always, often, every day等表示频度的状语连用。 We often played together when we were children.我们小时候经常在一起玩。 (一)现在进行时 1．表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有now、right now、at present、at this moment、these days等。 I don't really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我并不是真的在这里工作，我只是在新秘书来之前在这里帮忙。 2．某些表示位置移动的动作，如go、come、leave、arrive、start、move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或将要进行的动作。 He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天要去打他的第一场比赛。 3．与always、often、forever、constantly、continually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，而非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others. 他非常乐于助人。 (二)过去进行时 1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。常用的时间状语有then、yesterday、at that time等。 Susan had quit her well­paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，正在社区做志愿者。 2．表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作。常用的动词有plan、come、go、leave、arrive、start、move、sail、fly、travel、stay等。 He said (that) she was arriving the next day. 他说她第二天会到达。 (三)将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有at six tomorrow、in the next two months等。 I'll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我要干些家务活。 (四)现在完成进行时 1．表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常用的时间状语有these days、recently、lately、in the past/last few＋时间段、since＋时间点、for＋时间段等。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直在为我们的杂志写稿。 2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们常常见面。 (一) 一般将来时 1．“will/shall＋动词原形”表示现在看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。 It is said that he will retire next month. 据说他将于下个月退休。 2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事；表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生。 Look at the clouds.It looks as if it is going to rain．瞧那乌云，看起来要下雨了。 3．“be about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when连用。 The English Evening is about to start． 英语晚会即将开始。 4．“be to＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 你们要在10点前上交论文。 (二)过去将来时 表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 She was sure she would succeed． 她确信她会成功。 (一)现在完成时 1．表示过去发生的动作或说话时刚刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有recently、lately、up to now、till now、so far、in the past/last few months/years等。 China's high­speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years. 在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路从9 000公里增长到了25 000公里。 2．表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”“since...”引起的时间状语(从句)连用。 They have worked here since they left college. 他们从大学毕业就在这里工作了。 (二)过去完成时 1．表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，即“从过去到过去”。 When Jack arrived，Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。 2．在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，且常用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.我们刚坐下，公交车就启动了。 3．句子中有by、by the end of、by the time、until、before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 By the end of last year，we had produced 20，000 cars. 到去年年底，我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。 4．表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式表示，即“hoped/planned/...＋to have done”。 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. 我本希望送彼得一件礼物来祝贺他结婚，但我没做到。 1．各种时态中被动语态的构成 时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般式 am/is/ are done was/were done shall/will be done should/would be done 进行式 am/is/ are being done was/were being done / / 完成式 has/have been done had been done shall/will have been done should/would have been done 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 am tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time. 请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 (2)强调或突出动作的承受者 The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。 (3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 希望大赚一笔的人支持那个主意。 [名师点津]　(1)动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 ①The plan will be given up． 这项计划就要被放弃了。 ②Bad habits have been done away with． 坏习惯已经改掉了。 (2)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：have，cost，lack，own，belong to，date from/back to，take part in。 It is an old custom that dates back to 4，000 years ago.这是一个追溯到4 000年前的古老习俗。 (3)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：happen，take place，occur，remain，last，break out，come out，come up，run out等。 NASA said in a statement it hopes the small orbiting instrument could help predict a volcanic eruption before an explosion happens． 美国国家航空航天局在一份声明中表示，它希望这个小型轨道仪器可以帮助预测火山爆发。 3．主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况 系动词，如：smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft． 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如：read，write，sell，wash，clean等，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? 你买了那本畅销书了吗？ 某些与can't，won't等连用的不及物动词，如open，play，lock，shut，move，start等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door won't shut． 这扇门关不上。 少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如print，cook，beat等。 The meat is cooking． 肉正在炖着。 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 忙碌了一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。 [名师点津]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 ①(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)However，from my point of view，what benefits students most is reading English books. 然而，在我看来，对学生最有益的是阅读英语书籍。 ②What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。 2．主语后有with、together with、along with、except、besides、as well as等加名词或代词构成另一主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Amy，as well as her brothers，was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。 [名师点津]　and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 3．定语从句中关系代词代指先行词在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个非常迷人的小镇。 4．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 ①Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母不得不经历这种同样痛苦的过程。 ②Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 5．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 患病的人痊愈了，失踪的人也找到了。 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的所有成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。 The whole class were told to stay behind after school.全班的学生都被告知放学后留下。 2．“分数/百分数/the majority/...＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。 About one third of the books were written by him.这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。 1．由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)．..、not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名同学要去参加明天召开的会议。 2．由there、here引起的句子主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 【解题攻略】 第一步：确定是否作谓语 首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)； (2)看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)； (3)看人称和数，确保主谓一致。 【典例印证】 [典例]　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six­meter­tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. [分析]　第一步：确定填谓语。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。分析句子结构可知，空格处build在句中作谓语。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意和时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语“a six­meter­tall pavilion”为单数意义，和动词build之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。 自主解答　 was built were Ⅰ.真题演练 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” have started walks be done 3．(2024·全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15­member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 4．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 5．(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. were means was amazed 6．(2024·浙江1月卷)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer) in smaller packs. 7．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 8．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co­existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. be offered were 9．(2023·新高卷Ⅱ卷)Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 10．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. be employed threw has walked 11．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 12．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He quickly (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 13．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years，Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa's highest mountain. was fixing have promised 14．(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 15．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists— (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. is viewed/has been viewed has seen will be offered Ⅱ.模拟冲关 1．(2025·湖南衡阳模拟)Picking tea leaves (be) an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China. 2．(2025·河南高考适应性测试)Over the years, acupuncture(针灸) (see) many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. 3．(2025·云南模拟)The school will use the compost(堆肥) on plants around campus.Some (offer) to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated. is are held is making 4．(2025·湖南九校联盟第二次联考)By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols (become) a well­developed writing system. 5．(2025·广东佛山模拟)Annual games (hold) during the region's Miao ethnic harvest festival in the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. 6．(2025·浙江宁波镇海中学首考模拟)Cursive (手写原稿) (make) a comeback at present as states including New Hampshire, Utah and, most recently, California are embracing handwriting requirements in their educational standards. had become promotes 7．(2025·湖南衡阳模拟)Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China (add) to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022. 8．(2025·山东淄博模拟)Acceptance increases peace within us, unlike social media interaction, which (promote) self­judgment and other­judgment. were added have been taken 9．(2025·安徽“皖南八校”第二次联考)Anhui cuisine (characterise) by its heavy use of oil, deeply flavored sauces, and superior soups and stock. 10．(2025·浙江宁波十校模拟)Fortunately, steps (take) to save the Siberian tiger in recent years and as a consequence numbers are on the rise. is characterised Ⅲ.写作运用(用动词的时态、语态和主谓一致的知识补全作文) (2025·江苏无锡期中)假定你是李华，本学期你校要求所有同学完成一项研究性学习报告。你打算邀请你班来自英国的交流生Thomas共同完成。请给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1．选题及理由； 2．实施方案。 This topic has been chosen as it'll enhance our understanding Dear Thomas， I hope this email finds you well.1. (我写信邀请你) to join me in this term's research project on reading classic literary works.2. (选择这个话题是因为它会加深我们的理解) of cross­cultural differences in literary appreciation. I'm writing to invite you will be valued and considered Would this be something you're interested in 3． (按照计划), we'll design a survey, collect data from peers, analyze the results and compile a report with recommendations.Your perspective as a British student 4. (将被重视和考虑)． 5． (你对这个感兴趣吗)? Please share your thoughts at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely， Li Hua As is planned $