必修第二册 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义紧扣高考英语核心考点，系统整合阅读词汇、多义单词、核心短语及复杂句式，按“词汇多维积累—句式结构突破—语篇综合运用—写作实战提升”逻辑分层，通过背诵过关、测练结合、真题迁移等环节，帮助学生夯实基础，突破难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 讲义创新采用“多维记忆+情境运用”教学策略，如通过句式遮挡背诵强化it作形式主语等复杂句式掌握，语篇词汇串记整合高频词汇提升语篇理解能力，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置分层过关测练与写作语料库，确保复习效率，为教师把控节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 单词多维背诵 阅 读 单 词 1.bat n．蝙蝠；球棒，球板 vt.& vi.用球棒(板)击球 2．immune adj.有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的[联想：immune system 免疫系统] 3．aerobic adj.有氧的；需氧的 4．tai chi n．太极拳，太极 5．carbohydrate n．碳水化合物，糖类[构词法：carbo­(与碳有关的)＋hydro­(水)＋后缀­ate] 6．crane n．鹤 7.rooster n．雄鸡 8．imitate vt.模仿；仿效 9．philosophy n．哲学[联想：psychology n．心理学] 10．unity n．统一体，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一[形近：unit n．单元] 11．muscle n．肌肉，肌 12．protein n．蛋白质 13．diagram n．简图，图解，图表，示意图 多义单词 [熟词生义] 1．update [熟义]vt.使现代化，更新→[生义]vt.向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息 2．court [熟义]n.法院，法庭→[生义] n．球场 3．reduce [熟义]vt.减少，缩小→[生义] vt.使沦落，使陷入窘境 4．partner [熟义]n.搭档，同伴；伙伴；合伙人→[生义] v．合作 5.assume [熟义]vt.假定，认为→[生义] vt.承担 [一词多义] 6．average ①n.平均水平，一般水准 ②n.平均数 ③adj.平均的 ④adj.普通的 ⑤vt.平均为 7．position ①n.处境 ②n.位置 ③n.姿势 ④n.观点 ⑤n.地位 8．master ①n.大师，能手 ②n.主人 ③vt.精通，掌握 ④vt.控制 核心单词 [围绕话题——体育与健康] 1．reduce the risk of diseases降低患病风险 2．maintain a healthy range of motion 维持健康的活动范围 3．sweat throughout his body汗流浃背 4.replace unhealthy habits 替换不健康的习惯 5．maintain regular exercise 保持规律锻炼 6．world champion athletes 世界冠军运动员 7．plan an exercise routine制定锻炼计划 8．stretch before exercising 在锻炼前拉伸 拓展单词 1.congratulate vt.　　祝贺 congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺 2．assume vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 assuming conj. 假设；假定 assumption n. 设想；假定；担任 3．tend vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照看 tendency n. 趋向；倾向 4．energy n. 能，能量；精力；能源 energetic adj. 精力充沛的 5.injure vt.　　　 　伤害，损伤 injury n. 伤害，损害 injured adj. 受伤的 6．prevent vt. 阻止，阻碍 prevention n. 预防；防止 7．equip vt.& vi. 配备；装备；使有所准备；使能够胜任 equipment n. 设备；配备，装备 8．lack vi.& vt. 缺乏，没有，不足，短缺 n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺 lacking adj. 没有的；缺乏的；不足的 9.announce vt. 　 宣布，宣告；通知 announcement n. 通知；宣告 announcer n. 播音员；宣告者 10．hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑，踌躇 hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇，迟疑 hesitant adj. 犹豫的，迟疑的 11．admit vt.& vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入；接纳；容纳 admission n. 承认；入场费；准许进入 12．inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感) inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人(或事物)；灵感 13.explore vt.& vi.　　 探究，探索；勘探，勘察 exploration n. 探究，探索；勘探，勘察 explorer n. 勘探者；探险家 14．satisfy vt. 使满足；使满意 satisfaction n. 满意；满足，达到 satisfying/satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 satisfied adj. 满意的 15．exist vi. 存在；生活，生存 existence n. 生存；存在 existing adj. 目前的，现有的 16．breath n. 呼吸 breathe vt.& vi. 呼吸；呼出 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 短语巧学助记 1.do wonders 创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2．over the long term 长期[近义：in the long run] 3．stick with 持续，坚持[同义：stick to] 4．make up for 弥补，补偿[对比：make up弥补] 5．put the finishing touches to 对……进行最后的润色或修饰 6．in response to 对……作出反应；作为对……的回复[同义：react to] 7．under the weather 略有不适，不舒服 8．no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪 9．be rooted in 起源于 10.prevent...from...阻止……[同义：stop...from...；keep...from....] 11．to start with 首先，作为开始[同义：first of all] 12．get over 克服[同义：overcome] 13．play a role in 在……中发挥作用，扮演角色[同义：play a part in] 14．keep up 保持，维持 15．have an effect on 对……有影响[点拨：influence的高级表达] 16．be reduced to (doing) sth 使沦落；使陷入窘境；使陷入(更坏的)境地 句式遮挡背诵 1.It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.(it作形式主语，that引导主语从句) 2．Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.(动名词短语作主语) 3．When you plan an exercise routine，the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve：heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength or flexibility.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...) 4．To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.(状语从句的省略) 5．Zhang Sanfeng，a 13th­century Taoist，was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird.(be＋过去分词＋to do...) 6．Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind，enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations.(现在分词短语作结果状语) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险更低。 2．锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。 3．制订锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 4．为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 5．传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 6．太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。 语篇词汇串记 Almost all of us assume that regular exercise does wonders for us.Now，let's look at the benefits in detail.Firstly，doing exercise can make our heart and lungs stronger over the long term．Studies also show that working out can help us reduce stress and get over negative thoughts.In a word，exercise is good for our body and mind. There're different kinds of activities.Aerobic activities，like jogging and skiing，can develop heart and lungs.Strength training，such as pull­ups and weightlifting，increases muscle strength and encourages bone development.Flexibility training，including gymnastics and tai chi，helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement．Tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang which cannot exist independent of each other. Do choose your favourite activity and stick with it.When exercising，you must wear proper clothes and equipment to avoid injuries．Remember to drink to make up for water lost to sweat．Gradually，you will find，to your satisfaction，that you have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases． [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 几乎所有人都认为，有规律的锻炼对我们有神奇的作用。现在，让我们详细地看看它的好处。首先，长期的锻炼可以使我们的心脏和肺更强壮。研究还表明，锻炼可以帮助我们减轻压力，克服消极的想法。总之，锻炼对我们的身心都有好处。 锻炼有不同种类的活动。有氧运动，如慢跑和滑雪，可以对心脏和肺有好处。力量训练，如引体向上和举重，可以增加肌肉力量，促进骨骼发育。灵活性训练，包括体操和太极，有助于伸展肌肉，改善身体的活动范围。太极深深植根于中国的阴阳哲学，阴阳不能相互独立地存在。 请选择你最喜欢的活动并坚持下去。在锻炼时，你必须穿适当的衣服，佩戴合适的设备，以免受伤。记得弥补因汗水而流失的水分。渐渐地，你会发现令你满意的结果：你有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险更低。 任务(二)　背诵过关测＋练 (一)单词过关测＋练 阅读单词知意 1.bat 　 　　 　n．蝙蝠；球棒，球板 vt.& vi.用球棒(板)击球 2．immune adj.有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的 3．aerobic adj.有氧的；需氧的 4．tai chi n．太极拳，太极 5．carbohydrate n．碳水化合物，糖类 6．crane n．鹤 7.rooster 　　　　n．雄鸡 8．imitate vt.模仿；仿效 9．philosophy n．哲学 10．unity n．统一体，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一 11．muscle n．肌肉，肌 12．protein n．蛋白质 13．diagram n．简图，图解，图表，示意图 核心单词练通 1.disease 　 n．病，疾病 2．reduce vt.减少，缩小 3．update vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息 4．prevent vt.阻止，阻碍 5.athlete 　　 n．运动员 6．position n．处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 7．master n.大师，能手；主人 vt. 精通，掌握；控制 8．average n．平均水平，一般水准 adj.平均的；典型的 结合语境拼写单词 9．The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our price range (范围). 10．He had to pause occasionally to wipe the sweat (汗水) from his forehead because the air­conditioning system broke down. 11．With convenient traffic network，you can travel to anywhere throughout (遍及) the country. 12．It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them，but they can never replace (取代) your own culture. 拓展单词悉变 1.tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看→tendency n．趋向；倾向 2．exist vi.存在；生活，生存→existence n．生存；存在→existing adj.目前的，现有的 3．prevent vt.阻止，阻碍→prevention n．预防；防止 4．assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露→assuming conj.假设；假定→assumption n．设想；假定；担任 5．announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知→announcement n．通知；宣告 6．explore vt.& vi.探究，探索；勘探，勘察→exploration n．探究，探索；勘探，勘察 7．satisfy vt.使满足；使满意→satisfaction n．满意；满足，达到→satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的 利用语境串记单词 8．To keep energetic，he sets aside two hours a day to take exercise.That's why he is always full of energy．(energy) 9．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip) 10．He admitted that it was not easy to gain admission to the Buckingham Palace.(admit) 11．Listening to his inspiring speech，we were inspired to make great efforts.It gave us not only hope but also inspiration．(inspire) 12．If you are hesitant about performing a task，don't hesitate to ask your adviser for advice，and he will help you without hesitation．(hesitate) 13．The soldier got injured in the battle and suffered a serious injury in the left ankle.(injure) (二)短语过关测＋练 1.do wonders 　　 　创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2．over the long term 长期 3．stick with 持续，坚持 4．make up for 弥补，补偿 5．put the finishing touches to 对……进行最后的润色或修饰 6．in response to 对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 7．under the weather 略有不适，不舒服 8．no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪 9.be rooted in　　 起源于 10．prevent...from... 阻止…… 11．to start with 首先，作为开始 12．get over 克服 13．play a role in 在……中发挥作用，扮演角色 14．keep up 保持，维持 15．have an effect on 对……有影响 16．be reduced to (doing) sth 使沦落；使陷入窘境；使陷入(更坏的)境地 根据语境选词填空 17．His enthusiasm would properly make up for his lack of experience. 18．I am writing to give you a brief introduction to tai chi in response to your request. 19．If you're in a job that keeps you busy，stick with it. 20．Looking back on my past few years，my friends gave me so much help that I could get over difficulties which I had to face. 21．Walking alone in the dark，the boy whistled to keep up his courage. 22．No wonder you couldn't get through.You've left out a zero in this phone number. (三)句式迁移练 1．句式：it作形式主语 据估计，目前野生波斯豹的数量只有大约1 000只。 It is estimated that there are only about 1，000 of Persian Leopards left in the wild. 2．句式：the＋序数词＋n.＋to do... 她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女性。[人物介绍] She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 3．句式：主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth 据说将展出中国各地专家的大量剪纸作品。[传统文化] A large number of paper­cutting works by experts throughout China are said to be on show． Part 1　核心词句——学表达 congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺(常用复数)→congratulate vt.祝贺 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)我要向所有那些努力工作以使这些成就成为可能的人表示祝贺。 I would like to express my congratulations to all those who have worked hard to make these achievements possible. ②他们开始疯狂地尖叫，拍手祝贺他赢得了一等奖。 [读后续写之动作描写] They began to shout wildly and clap their hands to congratulate him on winning the first prize． ③我向这位艺术家表示诚挚的祝贺，他的作品感动了许多人。 I extend my sincere congratulations to the artist, whose works have touched the hearts of many. 【用法归纳】 ◎congratulate sb on (doing) sth因(做)某事向某人祝贺 ◎express/extend/convey one's congratulations to sb on (doing) sth因(做)某事向某人表示祝贺 【写作语料】 ◎congratulate the winners on their success祝贺获胜者取得成功 ◎congratulate oneself on one's achievements为自己的成就感到自豪 ◎express/extend/convey heartfelt congratulations on your graduation 衷心祝贺你毕业 range n．一系列；范围、界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 【语境运用】　一句多译 (2022·全国乙卷)我们可以方便地获取大量的英语学习资源，包括从听英文歌曲到看英文电影各个方面。 ①We have convenient access to a variety of English learning resources, ranging from listening to English songs to watching English movies．(variety，分词作定语) ②We have convenient access to a wide range of English learning resources, which range from listening to English songs to watching English movies．(range，定语从句) 【用法归纳】 ◎a wide range of 一系列…… ◎within/in the range of 在……范围内 ◎beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 ◎range from...to...在……范围内变动 ◎range between...and...在……范围内变动 【写作语料】 ◎hold a wide range of activities举办一系列活动 ◎range from English speech contest to poetry recitation 从英语演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵 injury n．损害，损伤，伤害→injure vt.损伤，伤害→injured adj.受伤的 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)冈特告诉了我他的冒险经历，以及他曾经是如何在攀岩时弄伤自己的。 Gunter told me about his adventures and how he had once done an injury to himself while rock climbing. 【用法归纳】 ◎be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重伤/轻伤 ◎the injured 受伤的人；伤员 ◎do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb伤害某人 ②营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。[比喻＋动作链] The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows，offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital． 【写作语料】 ◎rescue the injured people 营救受伤人员 ◎suffer a serious injury 受了重伤 ◎withdraw from the competition because of the leg injury 因腿伤退出比赛 lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏→lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①这个团队的失败在很大程度上是由于其成员之间缺乏有效的沟通和协调。 The team's failure was largely due to a lack of effective communication and coordination among its members. ②由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。 →Lacking confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(分词短语作状语) →For/Through lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n．) →Lacking in confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.) 【用法归纳】 ◎for lack of 　　　　 　　 　因缺乏…… ◎a lack of 缺乏…… ◎lack＋n. 缺乏…… ◎lack for＋n.(多用于否定句中) 需求；需要 ◎be lacking in 缺少…… 【写作语料】 ◎for lack of confidence and experience因为缺乏信心和经验 ◎suffer from a lack of courage 因缺乏勇气而饱受困扰 ◎lacking in enthusiasm 缺乏热情 hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑 【语境运用】　完成句子/翻译句子 ①面对这个问题，她毫不犹豫地给出了答案，展现出了她的果断。 Faced with the question, she answered without hesitation, demonstrating her decisiveness. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我毫不犹豫地把这个好消息分享给了我的老师、朋友和家人。 Without any hesitation, I shared the great news with my teacher, friends and family in no time. ③如果需要更多的信息，请不要犹豫，通过此电子邮件与我联系。[应用文写作之告知信] If more information is needed, please do not hesitate to contact me via this email.,【用法归纳】 ◎hesitate to do sth迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 ◎hesitate about/over (doing)...对(做)……犹豫 ◎without hesitation毫不犹豫地 【写作语料】 ◎Don't hesitate to ask me.尽管问我。 ◎hesitate with nervousness 紧张地犹豫不决 ◎agree to the plan without hesitation 毫不犹豫地同意这个计划 ◎a moment of hesitation 片刻的犹豫 satisfaction n．满足；满意；欣慰→satisfy vt.使满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfactory adj.令人满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①为了满足我的需要，爸爸为我创造了一个好的学习氛围。看着我的成绩单，我爸爸满意地点了点头，脸上绽放了微笑。[读后续写之满意心理描写] To satisfy my needs，my father created a good learning atmosphere for me.Looking at my report card，my father nodded with satisfaction，a smile spreading across his face. ②老师对我们在课堂上令人满意的表现很满意，这可以从她脸上满意的表情看出来。 The teacher is satisfied with our satisfying performance in class, which can be seen from her satisfied expression on her face. 【用法归纳】 ◎with satisfaction满意地 ◎to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是 ◎satisfy one's needs/demands满足某人的需要 ◎be satisfied with sth/sb对某事/某人感到满意 ◎be satisfied to do sth对做某事感到满意 【写作语料】 ◎satisfy my desire for reading满足我的阅读欲望 ◎smile with satisfaction满意地微笑 in response to 对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)为了对这个任务做出回应，我决定画一棵树的素描，它枝干错综复杂，枝叶茂密繁盛，很是漂亮。 In response to this task, I decided to make a sketch of a beautiful tree with intricate branches and lush leaves. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)在课上，我没有对同学们做出回应，因为我完全沉浸在自己的创作过程中。 I made no response to my classmates during the lesson, as I was fully immersed in my own creative process. ③他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答我说：“我再也不会这样做了。”[读后续写之神情描写] “I will never do that again，” he responded to me with tears of regret in his eyes． 【用法归纳】 ◎make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 ◎respond vi.回应，反应，回答 ◎respond to 回答/回应…… 【写作语料】 ◎respond positively to the suggestion 对建议做出积极的回应 ◎respond to an urgent call 响应紧急召唤 ◎receive an immediate response 收到即时的回答 ◎in response to the audience's demand 回应观众的要求 句式：the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth 【教材原句】　When you plan an exercise routine，the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve：heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength or flexibility.制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善：心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 ◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有the only，the very时，常用不定式作后置定语。 ◎动词不定式用来修饰的多是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，attempt 等。 【佳句背诵】　 ①I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to take charge of the job.[应用文写作之申请信] 我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。 ②I would really like to interview Wang Yaping because she is the first Chinese to give a lesson in space. 我真的很想采访王亚平，因为她是第一个在太空授课的中国人。 【仿写借鉴】 ①我们抓住了登上梯子的黄金机会，通过梯子上了直升机。 We seized the golden chance to climb the ladder，through which we got into the helicopter. ②约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。 John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of difficulty． 句式：状语从句的省略 【教材原句】　To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 状语从句的省略有两种形式： ◎当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 ◎当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。 【佳句背诵】　 ①Children are taught to cherish life，friendship and not to lose heart when meeting with difficulties. 孩子们被教导要珍惜生命、友谊，在遇到困难时不要灰心。 ②Jenny，a girl growing up in an orphanage，was now staying in the corner in the classroom，her eyes fixed on/glued to the bare wall，lost in thought as if in the depths of despair. 珍妮是一个在孤儿院长大的女孩，她现在坐在教室的角落里，眼睛盯着光秃秃的墙壁，陷入沉思，仿佛陷入了深深的绝望。 【仿写借鉴】 ①饮水思源；学成念师。 When drinking water, think of its source; having made progress, think of your teacher. ②尽管腿受了伤，疼得厉害，他还是决定完成比赛。 Though injured in the leg that ached a lot，he was determined to finish the race. ③如果可能的话，我要去拜访城市里的一些老人。 If possible，I am going to visit some of the old in the city. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．average A.adj.平均的　B．adj.普通的　C．n.平均数；平均水平　D．vt.平均为 ①(2022·浙江1月卷)The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. A ②Drivers in London can expect to average about 12 miles per hour. D ③It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. C ④The average American has not even thought about next year's election. B 2．admit A.vt.& vi.承认　 B．vt.接收……入院，收治 C．vt.接纳　 D．vt.容纳 ①(2022·浙江1月卷)One day I got word that he was admitted to the hospital for a serious disease. B ②(2022·浙江1月卷)She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden. A ③The gym to be completed next month can admit 1，000 people at a time. D ④Only athletes who have reached the standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. C 3．猜测句中加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①We are really concerned and anxious to learn about your updates.n.最新消息 ②Suffering a massive earthquake，the city was reduced to ruins.vt.使沦落，使陷入窘境 ③To make this happen，the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world's first commercial flight with an electric engine.v.合作 ④Developed countries should assume the responsibility of helping undeveloped countries.vt.承担 ⑤In order to inspire more students to participate in sports activities，our school has built more basketball courts and tennis courts.n.球场 巧借前缀up­推测词义 前缀up­：意思是“向上，提高，完全” 本单元：up­(提高)＋date(日期，时间)→update vt.更新；向……提供最新信息 n．更新；最新消息 1．The company decided to upgrade its computer systems to improve efficiency. [词义]up(向上)＋grade(等级)→upgrade vt.提升，升级 2．The motivational speech helped to uplift the spirits of the audience. [词义]up(向上)＋lift(举起)→uplift vt.提升，振奋 3．The workers uprooted the old tree to make space for the new building. [词义]up(向上)＋root(根)→uproot vt.连根拔起，根除 4．The athlete worked hard to improve his performance and achieve an upward trend in his results. [词义]up(向上)＋ward(方向)→upward adj.向上的 5．The company's profits showed an upturn after the launch of its new product. [词义]up(向上)＋turn(转变)→upturn n．好转，改善 单句语法填空 1．After a heated discussion，it has been decided that the old system will be replaced by/with a new one. 2．To his parents' surprise，the boy has been admitted into/to a key university. 3．The government announced that they would adopt measures to prevent such a case happening (happen) again. 4．The first to give (give) us the lecture is a famous historian from England. 5．After finishing the work, the workers went back home with satisfaction. 6．Most parents attach importance to children's education while the minority assume it to be (be) meaningless. 7．You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he's earning. 8．Most schools in mountain villages tend to attach (attach) importance to cultivating students' creative thinking. 9．We should equip ourselves with knowledge and creative spirits which are the most important factors for success! 10．While travelling (travel) in Europe，he found many interesting events and experienced different cultures. (一)应用文写作[体育与健康] 假定你是李华，你的笔友林涛来信说，因学习忙、锻炼少，他最近经常生病，这也影响了他的学习。请你给他写一封英文回信，内容包括： 1．锻炼的重要性；2.提出锻炼建议。 用本单元知识和右栏词块翻译句子 1．得知你这几天身体不舒服，我写信是为了表达我对你的关心，并给你一些建议。(分词短语作状语) Knowing that you have been under the weather for days，I am writing to show my concern for you and offer you some advice. 2．锻炼不仅可以改善你的免疫系统，还可以让你每天充满活力。(动名词短语作主语) Working out can not only improve your immune system but also make you full of energy everyday. 3．只有在你健康状况良好的时候，你才能继续学习，提高学习效率。(状语从句的省略) Only when in good health can you carry on studying and increase your study efficiency. 4．我建议你每天至少做一个小时的锻炼，并制定一个详细的锻炼时间表，这可以帮助你养成坚持锻炼的习惯。(非限制性定语从句) I suggest that you take at least one hour's exercise every day，and make a detailed schedule for your exercise，which can help you stick with an exercise routine. 5．加入一个你学校的体育俱乐部可能是个好主意，因为俱乐部的伙伴可以激励你定期锻炼。(it作形式主语) It might be a good idea to join a sports club in your school，for the partners in the club can inspire you to work out regularly. 6．我真希望我的建议能对你有所帮助。如果你有任何问题，请不要犹豫，随时联系我。 I do hope you will find my advice helpful.If you have any question，don't hesitate to contact me. [构建话题语义场] 1．运动准备 ①make a detailed schedule for your exercise制定一个详细的锻炼时间表 ②warm up before exercise 运动前热身 ③join a fitness class 参加健身课程 ④schedule regular workouts 安排定期锻炼 2．运动方式 ⑤practice yoga 练习瑜伽 ⑥go for a run 去跑步 ⑦cycle for fitness 骑自行车健身 ⑧engage in martial arts 练习武术 ⑨participate in dance classes 参加舞蹈课程 join a sports club加入体育俱乐部 3．运动体验 ⑪build muscle strength 增强肌肉力量 ⑫enjoy outdoor activities 享受户外活动 ⑬connect with nature 与自然亲密接触 ⑭relieve stress 缓解压力 ⑮boost self­confidence 提升自信心 4．运动与健康的意义 ⑯improve your immune system 改善你的免疫系统 ⑰make you full of energy everyday 让你每天充满活力 ⑱build up one's strength 强身健体 ⑲cultivate discipline 培养自律 ⑳inspire you to work out regularly 激励你定期锻炼 ㉑advocate for active lifestyles 倡导积极的生活方式 (二)读后续写[体育与健康＋情感细节描写之安慰与激励] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词 汇 [情感描写]　hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑　satisfaction n．满意；满足，达到　stick with持续，坚持　injury n．伤害，损伤　ache vi.& n．疼痛，隐痛 [动作描写]　stretch vt.& vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸　sweat n．汗水vt.& vi.出汗，流汗　lack vt.& vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺　announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知　replace vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新　admit vt.& vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入　inspire vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)　breathe vi.& vt.呼吸；呼出　in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 佳句 1.Like cars that run on petrol，your body burns carbohydrates for energy.(比喻句式) 2．When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school，I hesitated.(心理描写) 3．Just as importantly，practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it.(动作描写) 4．After learning the basics of tai chi in those first few classes，I found myself bored and aching from doing the same moves over and over again.(情感描写) 5．Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind，enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations.I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits it has brought me.(主旨升华) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 单词 1.relieve vt.解除；缓解→relief n．宽慰；解脱 2．comfort n．舒适；舒适的设施(或条件)；安慰；令人安慰的人(或事物) v．宽慰 3．pat v．轻拍；爱抚 4．hug v．拥抱；抱住 n．拥抱 5.encourage v．鼓励→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→encouragement n．鼓励；激励 6．cheer v．喝彩；欢呼；加油；鼓舞 n．欢呼声；加油歌 7．applaud v．鼓掌；称赞→applause n．掌声；喝彩 词块 1.pat sb on the shoulder轻拍某人的肩膀 2．throw one's arms around sb tightly without hesitation毫不犹豫地紧紧地搂住某人 3．stroke one's hair轻抚某人的头发 4．reach out one's hand伸出手 5．form a “heart” with one's thumbs and index fingers 用拇指和食指比“心” 6.wipe out tears from sb's cheeks 擦去某人脸上的眼泪 7．look sb gently/tenderly in the eye温柔地看着某人的眼睛 8．cast a comforting/gentle/encouraging glance at sb向某人投去安慰/温柔/鼓励的目光 9．gather sb into one's arms把某人揽入怀里 句型 1.“But you will be a beautiful dancer，” she said，throwing her arms around me tightly without hesitation.“但你会成为一个美丽的舞者，”她说着，毫不犹豫地紧紧搂着我。 2．Whenever he was exhausted，Eddie's words echoed in/flashed into/popped into his mind，and instilled a surge of power into him. 每当他筋疲力尽时，艾迪的话就会在他脑中回响/掠过他的脑海/跳进他的脑海，并为他注入力量。 3．Just as I was about to quit/give up，my teacher cast an encouraging glance at me. 正当我要放弃时，老师向我投来鼓励的目光。 4．He reached out his hands，with his thumbs and index fingers forming a “heart”． 他伸出手，用拇指和食指比出了一个“心”形。(with复合结构) 5．Whenever I was about to give up，her encouraging words would pop into my mind，motivating me to try again.(主旨升华) 每当我准备放弃的时候，她鼓励的话语就会浮现在我的脑海里，激励我再试一次。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　受教练的激励，我参加了学校举办的网球比赛。在第一轮比赛中，由于对手的分数比我高得多，我感到越来越沮丧。正当我要放弃的时候，我听到有人叫我的名字。转过身，我发现老师正向我投来鼓励的目光。突然我感到一股力量注入了我的身体。我比之前做得好了，但我还是落后。休息时，教练走近我，轻拍我的肩膀，说：“加油，孩子，我相信你能做到。记住，世上无难事，只怕有心人。” 脑海中回响着教练的话，在比赛中我竭尽全力。令我满意的是，我确实做到了，最终获得了第一名。每当我遇到麻烦时，他那鼓励的话语就会浮现在我的脑海里，激励我坚持下去。 ①Inspired by my coach (过去分词短语作状语)，I took part in a tennis match held in my school.In the first round，I was increasingly frustrated as my opponent's score was much higher than mine.Just as I was about to give up，I heard someone calling my name.Turning around，I found my teacher ②casting an encouraging glance at me．Suddenly I felt ③a surge of power instilled into my body (无灵主语).I did better than before，but I still fell behind.At break，my coach approached me and ④patted me on my shoulder，saying，“Come on，boy，I believe you can make it.Bear in mind that nothing is difficult to a willing heart.”⑤With my coach's words echoing in my mind (with复合结构)，I spared no effort in the match.⑥To my satisfaction，I did make it，ending up in first place.Whenever I was in trouble，his encouraging words would come to my mind，⑦inspiring me to keep going (现在分词短语作状语). A卷 (时间：25分钟　满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·广东六校一联)You've most likely heard the news by now：A car­commuting，desk­bound，TV­watching lifestyle can be harmful to our health.All the time that we spend rooted in the chair is linked to increased risks of so many deadly diseases that experts have named this modern­day health epidemic the “sitting disease”． Sitting for too long slows down the body's metabolism (新陈代谢) and the way enzymes (酶) break down our fat reserves，raising both blood sugar levels and blood pressure.Small amounts of regular activity，even just standing and moving around，throughout the day is enough to bring the increased levels back down.And those small amounts of activity add up—30 minutes of light activity in two or three­minute bursts can be just as effective as a half­hour block of exercise.But without that activity，blood sugar levels and blood pressure keep creeping up，steadily damaging the inside of the arteries(动脉) and increasing the risk of diabetes，heart disease，a stroke，and other serious diseases.In essence，fundamental changes in biology occur if you sit for too long. But wait，you're a runner.You needn't worry about the harm of a sedentary lifestyle because you exercise regularly，right? Well，not so fast.Recent studies show that people spend an average of 64 hours a week sitting，whether or not they exercise 150 minutes a week as recommended by World Health Organization(WHO).Regular exercisers，furthermore, are found to be about 30 percent less active on the days when they exercise.Overall，most people simply aren't exercising or moving around enough to balance out all the harm that can result from sitting nine hours or more a day. Scared straight out of your chair? Good.The remedy is as simple as standing up and taking activity breaks. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文讲述了久坐对健康的威胁。文章指出久坐会减缓新陈代谢，影响脂肪分解，导致血糖和血压升高，增加患多种严重疾病的风险。文章还提到可以通过站立等轻松的活动来减轻久坐的危害。 1．Which is the best way to bring down high blood sugar levels and blood pressure? A．Doing exercise for 150 minutes or more every week. B．Getting rid of the habit of car commuting and TV watching. C．Standing or moving around for at least two minutes every day. D．Interrupting sitting time with light activity as often as possible. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Small amounts of regular activity, even just standing and moving around...to bring the increased levels back down”和“30 minutes of light activity in two or three­minute bursts can be just as effective as a half­hour block of exercise”可知，通过日常的轻度活动(如站立和走动)就可以降低血糖和血压水平。每次两到三分钟，累计30分钟的轻度活动可以和一次半小时的锻炼一样有效。故选D。“Interrupting”是对文中的“30 minutes...in two or three­minute bursts”的同义转换。A项“每周做150分钟或更长时间的运动”；B项“改掉开车通勤和看电视的习惯”；C项“每天至少站立或活动两分钟”；D项“尽可能多地用轻度活动打断坐着的时间”。] 2．What does the word “sedentary”in the third paragraph most likely mean? A．Inactive. B．Risky. C．Overloaded. D．Unbalanced. A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But wait, you're a runner.You needn't worry about the harm of a sedentary lifestyle because you exercise regularly, right？”可知，此处sedentary lifestyle与跑步者的生活方式是相反的，故推测sedentary与inactive的意思相近，故选 A。sedentary“久坐不动的”。inactive“不活动的”；risky“有风险的，有危险的”；overloaded“负担过重的”；unbalanced“不平衡的”。] 3．Which of the following may be inferred about those who do serious exercise? A．They always meet the exercise standard recommended by WHO. B．They tend to stand or move less on the days when they work out. C．They usually remove all the harmful effects of sitting for too long. D．They generally spend less time sitting than those who do not exercise. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Regular exercisers，furthermore, are found to be about 30 percent less active on the days when they exercise”可知，定期锻炼的人在锻炼的日子里活动量会降低大约30%，所以可推断他们往往在锻炼的日子站立或者活动得更少，故选 B。“stand or move less”与文中的“about 30 percent less active”是同义表达。] 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The challenges of the modern lifestyle. B．The effects of regular activity on our body. C．The reasons for the spread of a modern epidemic. D．The threat to our health from long hours of sitting. D　[主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了久坐对健康的威胁，这种生活方式会减缓新陈代谢，影响脂肪分解，导致血糖和血压升高，增加患多种严重疾病的风险。因此，D项“久坐对我们健康的威胁”最能概括文章主旨。A项“现代生活方式的挑战”；B项“规律锻炼对我们身体的影响”；C项“一种现代流行病传播的原因”。] B (2025·河南郑州质量预测)The public footpath lay barely 20 meters from where I stood, promising a walk along the river, passing fields and through woodland, well away from any road.Yet there was something in my way—the River Thames, whose water runs very fast. I checked my map to see how to reach the path, but there was no other footpath that would lead me to the island on which it sat.It was only accessible by boat. It was this path that came to mind when, a few weeks later, I decided to try cross­country swimming, which combines water and walking. As I got into the river—its coolness was welcome on the warm August day—the weight of my supplies dissipated．My back was free, and I simply pulled everything I needed in a bag behind me, feeling almost weightless.I relaxed into the water, my hair flowing around my face as I slowly floated alongside dragonflies (蜻蜓), a moorhen (黑水鸡) and her chicks, none of which seemed to even acknowledge my presence. The whole experience went by all too quickly and in no time I was drying off and walking back to the station.Though cross­country swimming was invented to provide a challenge, I believed it had given me something much more important—the confidence to try it by myself. So I decided to return to my inaccessible island, the footpath by the Thames.I got into the waterway and swam, exploring the island's banks for a while.After 5 minutes of searching, the island let me in: I found my entrance point alongside a tree and pulled myself out. Though the Thames loop wasn't that long a walk, and the swim was not too big a challenge, it represented more than that.It gave me the chance to pioneer a new route never open to me before, the opportunity to reach a picnic spot that otherwise would have been off limits and, when it came to that footpath, the ability to access the previously inaccessible. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次越野游泳经历，这次经历带给了作者自信心，找到了个人的成就感。 5．What initially prevented the author from reaching the public footpath? A．Overgrown fields. B．A thick woodland. C．A fast­flowing river. D．A lack of road map. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Yet there was something in my way—the River Thames, whose water runs very fast.”可知，最初是湍急的河流阻碍了作者到达公共人行道。故选C。] 6．What does the underlined word “dissipated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Spread. B．Remained. C．Disappeared. D．Increased. C　[词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句“My back was free, and I simply pulled everything I needed in a bag behind me, feeling almost weightless.”可知，此处是指补给的重量消失了，所以dissipated意为“消失”。故选C。] 7．Which word best describes the author's cross­country swimming experience? A．Thrilling. B．Encouraging. C．Embarrassing. D．Disappointing. B　[推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Though cross­country swimming was invented to provide a challenge, I believed it had given me something much more important—the confidence to try it by myself.”可知，作者的越野游泳经历是很激励人心的。故选B。] 8．What does finding the footpath to the island mean to the author? A．An escape from the real world. B．A chance to get close to nature. C．A mental and physical pressure. D．A symbol of personal achievement. D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“It gave me the chance to pioneer a new route never open to me before, the opportunity to reach a picnic spot that otherwise would have been off limits and, when it came to that footpath, the ability to access the previously inaccessible.”可知，找到通往小岛的小径对作者来说意味着个人的成就。故选D。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·河南郑州质量预测)Several years ago, I experienced daily severe headaches that made me want to bang my head against a brick wall.I was desperate to find a cure.1( ) In my hopelessness, my father suggested acupuncture (针灸), a treatment he had experienced in Hong Kong.It had successfully relieved his lower back pain when other treatments and medicines had failed.With limited exposure to traditional Chinese medicine, I decided to give acupuncture a try. With no particular expectations, I found myself in the office of a middle­aged woman, surrounded by Chinese herbal medicines.After explaining my issue, she placed 3 fingers on my wrist to feel my heartbeat.2( ) Soon, she took out the needles, which made me somewhat uneasy as such objects typically make me uncomfortable. 3( ) To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head.As the doctor gently handled the needles, I got the feeling that something was flowing throughout my entire body. The doctor then continued to tap and move more needles across my body.The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room.4( ) Around the 5­minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level.A moment later, before I knew it, she turned off the electricity and removed the needles, marking an end to the 20­minute process.She then gave me some herbal medicine to take for 5 days. I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 sessions, and each time the same routine was repeated and the same herbal medicine was given.The true benefits of the acupuncture treatment became clear: I remained free of headaches for 2 years.5( ) If you've experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it. A．At last, my efforts paid off. B．I now strongly advocate acupuncture. C．I was then guided to a room and told to lie down. D．Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked. E．My initial experience with acupuncture was quite surprising. F.Though it may seem scary, the acupuncture cured my back pain. G．Lying still, I could sense the electricity flowing throughout my body. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因长期遭受严重头痛困扰而尝试针灸治疗的经历。文中详细描述了从接受针灸建议、初次诊疗尝试、治疗中的感受，到最终症状缓解并推荐他人尝试的过程。 1．D　[由上文可知，这里在描述作者头痛的困境以及寻找治疗方法的急迫性。D选项“尽管尝试了不同的解决办法，但都没有奏效。”表明作者在尝试多种方法无果后的绝望状态。故选D。] 2．C　[由上文可知，接下来的逻辑应是叙述初次体验针灸的过程。根据下文可知，本空描写医生感受脉搏后和取针之间的事情，C选项“然后我被引导到一个房间并被告知躺下。”是对前文情境的延续。故选C。] 3．E　[由下文“To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head.”可知，为了治疗头痛，我从远离头部的手背开始治疗，这让人很吃惊，E选项“我最初的针灸经验非常令人惊讶。”符合题意。故选E。] 4．G　[由上文“The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room.”和下文“Around the 5­minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level.”可知，此处应描述作者在接受电针灸治疗时的感受。G选项“静静地躺着，我能感觉到电流流遍全身。”符合语境，故选G。] 5．B　[由上文和下文“If you've experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it.”可知，治疗的效果显著，作者两年来没有头痛，并推荐有类似情况的人尝试针灸。B选项“我现在强烈倡导针灸。”作为总结性语句，强调了针灸治疗的成功及其对作者的影响，适合放在最后作为对全文经历的总结，并引出对读者的建议。故选B。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·湖南常德模拟)Researchers at MIT created a high­tech pill that starts to vibrate (震动) once it makes contact with liquid in the user's stomach and make him or her feel full.The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University. VIBES, short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator, was only recently made public in a study published in the Science Journal, but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans, trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results.After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity, pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill.Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach, modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘脑) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator, which is about the size of a vitamin pill, is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down a coat around the pill, or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect, the pill exits the body with other solid waste. The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range, and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it. “Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low­cost, non­operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption.The device functions effectively in the stomach and leading to fullness，” said Giovanni Traverso, co­author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However, future studies will need to explore the physiological effects of the device before it's available for patients.” Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials in humans. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种高科技药丸，一旦它与使用者胃里的液体接触，就会开始振动，让人有饱腹感。 1．What is the outcome of taking the pill? A．Liquid production. B．Food storage. C．Sensation of fullness. D．Recovery of users. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at MIT created a high­tech pill that starts to vibrate (震动) once it makes contact with liquid in the user's stomach and make him or her feel full.”可知，吃下药丸会有饱腹感。故选C项。] 2．Which aspect of the device is mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．Its working principle. B．Its intelligence. C．Its testing history. D．Its side effect. A　[推理判断题。根据第二段“Apparently, the revolutionary device works by...(显然，这种革命性的装置通过激活胃中的牵张受体来模拟食物的存在。这反过来又向下丘脑发出信号，使我们感到饱腹的激素水平升高。振动刺激器大约有维生素药丸大小，由封装的电池供电，通过胃液分解药丸周围的涂层或通过内置的计时器激活)”可知，第二段在说设备的工作原理。故选A项。] 3．What is the researchers' ultimate goal of the device? A．To produce gastric fluid with it. B．To destroy the coat around it. C．To fix it in human body. D．To remove solid waste from it. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials in humans.”可知，设备的最终目标是植入人体内。故选C项。] 4．What is Giovanni Traverso's attitude towards the future of the device? A．Worried. B．Cautious. C．Doubtful. D．Confused. B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, future studies will need to explore the physiological effects of the device before it's available for patients.”可推知，Giovanni Traverso对设备的前景持谨慎的态度。故选B项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·广东莞佛大联考)I was thrilled to cover a new expedition to Qomolangma as a journalist.However, as I got off the vehicle at the base camp, I was immediately 1 by dizziness and shortness of breath— 2 of mountain sickness.Even the act of taking a few steps demanded an extraordinary amount of 3 ． At that moment, a question 4 within me: Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma? When asked this question, British mountaineer George Mallory gave his famous 5 ： “Because it's there.” Mallory reminded me of countless climbers who have put their lives at risk to 6 the mountain's towering height with their own footsteps.They encounter an almost vertical (垂直的) wall close to the top.It is so difficult to find 7 points for climbing that the earliest climbers thought no one could 8 the wall. In 1960, Liu Lianman, a Chinese climber, let his teammates 9 on his shoulders to cross the wall.Already 10 ， he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates.Though his 11 did not appear on the list of those who reached the top, Liu is undoubtedly a true 12 ． I recalled the interview with Dong Hongjuan, the first woman to conquer (征服) 14 mountains above 8，000 meters, who 13 understands how small humans are compared to 14 ．She told me: “I never felt I conquered those mountains; it's just that the mountains 15 me.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己报道一次新的珠峰探险高原反应的经历中引发了人们攀登珠穆朗玛峰的探究。 1．A.drawn B．found C．taught D．struck D　[根据上文“I was thrilled to cover a new expedition to Qomolangma as a journalist.”以及后文“by dizziness and shortness of breath”可知，作者立刻被头晕和呼吸急促侵袭——这是高原反应的征兆。故选D。] 2．A.signs B．types C．risks D．causes A　[根据上文“dizziness and shortness of breath”可知，这是作者出现高原反应的迹象。故选A。] 3．A.patience B．energy C．money D．practice B　[根据“mountain sickness”可知，高原反应时走路是需要耗费精力的。故选B。] 4．A.ended B．arose C．response D．lay B　[根据本句“Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma？”可知，这个是作者的脑海中出现的问题。故选B。] 5．A.suggestion B．response C．conclusion D．guidance B　[根据上文“Why do people keep climbing Mount Qomolangma？”以及本句“Because it's there.”可知，这是对作者的问题的回应。故选B。] 6．A.adjust B．cover C．confirm D．measure D　[根据本句“the mountain's towering height with their own footsteps”可知，无数的登山者用自己的脚步测量这座山的高度。故选D。] 7．A.check B．view C．support D．rest C　[根据上句“They encounter an almost vertical (垂直的) wall close to the top.”可知，他们遇到了一堵几乎垂直的墙，要找到攀岩的支撑点是非常困难的。故选C。] 8．A.get past B．come back C．take back D．go through A　[根据上句“It is so difficult to find points for climbing that the earliest climbers”可知，因为要找到攀岩的支撑点是如此困难，所以最早的登山者认为没有人能翻过这堵墙。get past“通过，经过”；come back“回来，恢复”；take back“退回，归还”；go through“经历，经受”。故选A。] 9．A.step B．fight C．cry D．work A　[根据本句“on his shoulders”可知，刘连满让他的队友踩在他的肩膀上翻过墙。故选A。] 10．A.disappointed B．terrified C．annoyed D．exhausted D　[根据本句“he gathered all his strength to uplift his teammates”可知，他用尽所有的力量去支撑他的队友，可推知，他已经筋疲力尽。故选D。] 11．A.story B．act C．name D．failure C　[根据本句“on the list of those who reached the top”可知，刘连满的名字没有出现在登顶者的名单上。故选C。] 12．A.champion B．hero C．talent D．friend B　[他还是用尽了所有的力量去支撑他的队友，在人们的心中他是真正的英雄。故选B。] 13．A.hardly B．truly C．firstly D．slightly B　[她认为自己可以登顶不是自己征服了那些山，而是她真正理解了人类与自然相比是多么渺小。故选B。] 14．A.nature B．life C．time D．success A　[根据本句“how small humans are”以及“the first woman to conquer (征服) 14 mountains above 8，000 meters”可知，人类与自然相比是非常渺小的，此处“高山”指代“自然”。故选A。] 15．A.protected B．discovered C．admired D．accepted D　[人类与自然相比是非常渺小的，她没有征服那些山，而是大山接受了她。故选D。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) (2025·广东六校二联)Arcing across the borders of northern China and southern Mongolia, the remote and rugged landscapes of the Gobi Desert 1 (capture) the imagination of adventurers, explorers, scientists, and artists since the age of Marco Polo. Occupying roughly 1, 300, 000 square kilometers of Inner Asia, the desert takes 2 as much as one­third of the total territory of Mongolia.The Gobi, 3 (refer) to a “waterless place” in the Mongolian language, is a rain shadow desert formed on the far side of the Himalayan Mountain Range, which blocks moisture and creates the Gobi's characteristically dry, semi­arid climate, with 4 average rainfall of 195 mm annually.It is extreme climate that has influenced the 5 (vary) of soil composition and color found in the Gobi Desert. Vegetation (植被), 6 thinly distributed, is diverse and includes rare and native species, many of which have adapted over millennia to 7 (condition) of drought and water scarcity.8 (geological), the Gobi preserves a rich and varied paleo­environment and 9 (consider) a hot spot for fossil discoveries.More than 80 species, or one­fifth of the over 400 10 (know) dinosaur species are found in Mongolia's Gobi Desert. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文介绍了地理景观戈壁沙漠，就其地质特点及成因进行了简要分析。 1．have captured　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语“since the age of Marco Polo”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语landscapes是复数，且与capture之间是主动关系。故填have captured。句意：戈壁沙漠横跨中国北部和蒙古国南部的边界，自马可波罗时期以来，这片遥远且崎岖的风景就引起了冒险家、探险家、科学家和艺术家的想象。] 2．up　[考查介词。此处表示戈壁沙漠占蒙古国总领土的三分之一，take up“占据(一定时间或空间)”，故填up。] 3．referring　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语动词是is，空处在此作非谓语。refer与其逻辑主语The Gobi之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填referring。] 4．an　[考查冠词。名词rainfall“降雨量”前有形容词average修饰，此处意为“平均降雨量”，表泛指，且average的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。句意：戈壁，在蒙古语中是“无水之地”的意思，是喜马拉雅山脉远端形成的雨影沙漠，它阻挡了水分，形成了戈壁典型的干燥的半干旱气候，年平均降雨量为195毫米。] 5．variety　[考查名词。空前是冠词the，空后是介词of，空处应用名词，故填variety。句意：正是极端气候影响了戈壁沙漠土壤构成和颜色的种类。] 6．though/although/while　[考查让步状语从句。句子主句是Vegetation is diverse and includes rare and native species，故空处应引导从句。“thinly distributed”与“diverse”是两种不同的情况，结合语境可知，空处应用though/although/while引导让步状语从句，从句省略了主语vegetation和be动词is。句意：植被虽然分布稀疏，但种类繁多，包括稀有和本地物种，其中许多物种已经适应了几千年来的干旱和缺水的情况。] 7．conditions　[考查名词复数。空后是“干旱”和“缺水”两种情况作后置定语，故填conditions，表示“(影响某事发生的)物质环境，状态，条件”。] 8．Geologically　[考查副词。空处修饰整句话，应用副词，且空处位于句首，故填Geologically。] 9．is considered　[考查动词的时态、语态与主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接两个并列谓语，空处在句中作谓语，与preserves并列。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语the Gobi是第三人称单数，且与consider之间是被动关系。故填is considered。句意：在地质上，戈壁保存了丰富多样的古环境，被认为是化石发现的热点地区。] 10．known　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语are found，故空处应作非谓语，know与dinosaur species之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作前置定语，故填known。此处known可以看作是过去分词化的形容词，表示“已知的，已发现的”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $