必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕自然灾害话题，整合词汇（阅读、多义、核心、拓展单词）、短语、句式（in case从句、the moment状语从句等）及语篇背诵，按“基础积累-考点突破-语用输出”逻辑架构知识体系。通过“词汇多维背诵-短语巧学助记-句式遮挡背诵-语篇串记-过关测练”流程，结合构词法、联想记忆法梳理考点，借助真题语境运用（如2023-2024年高考题）指导方法，帮助学生突破词汇辨析、句式迁移等难点，体现复习系统性与针对性。 讲义亮点在于分层复习与素养融合，如“拓展单词”通过词性转换（injure-injury-injured）构建词汇网络，“句式迁移练”提供仿写实例（现在分词作状语描写读后续写场景），培养语言能力与思维品质。设置“背诵过关测+练”分层检测，结合应用文慰问信、读后续写情感描写语料，助力教师把控节奏，高效提升学生词汇运用、句式转换及语篇表达的应考能力。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 单词多维背诵 阅读单词 1．county n．郡，县[形近：country n．国家；乡村] 2．tsunami n．海啸[联想：hurricane n．飓风；typhoon n．台风；tornado n．龙卷风] 3．bubble n．泡沫，泡，气泡 4．pole n．柱，杆；极[联想：the North Pole北极] 5．Roman adj．古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马人[联想：Rome n．罗马] 6．unearth vt．使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到[构词法：un­＋earth] 7．cloud­capped adj．高耸入云的，耸入云霄的[构词法：合成词cloud＋capped] 8．ashy adj．覆盖着灰的；灰色的 9．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 10．document n．文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 11．staff n．全体职工；管理人员 vt．在……工作，任职于[形近：stuff n．东西，物品] 12．dawn n．黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi．开始；开始清楚[联想：at dawn在黎明] 13．charity n．慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 14．fund n．资金；基金 多义单词 [熟词生义] 1．power [熟义]n．权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→[生义] n．电源 2．relief [熟义]n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除→[生义] n．救济物 [一词多义] 3．crash ①n．碰撞声，破裂声 ②n．碰撞；崩溃 ③vi．& vt．碰撞，撞击 ④vi．崩溃 4．roll ①n．名单 ②n．卷 ③n．一管 ④n．翻滚 ⑤vi．& vt．翻滚，滚动 ⑥vi．& vt．翻身 ⑦vi．& vt．卷起 5．flood ①n．洪水，水灾 ②n．大量 ③vi．& vt．淹没，泛滥 ④vi．大量涌入 ⑤vt．充满 ⑥vi．& vt．使大受感动 6．beyond ①prep．晚于；迟于 ②prep．在(或向)更远处 ③adv．在(或向)较远处 ④prep．超出……之外；非……所能及 ⑤prep．除……之外 7．sharp ①adj．锋利的，尖的 ②adj．急剧的，骤然的 ③adj．清晰的 ④adj．敏锐的，灵敏的 ⑤adj．剧烈的，强烈的 8．supply ①n．供应量；补给量 ②n．生活必需品，补给品 ③vt．供给，供应 核心单词 [围绕话题——自然灾害] 1．the signal of disaster 灾害信号 2．the exit of the hall大厅的出口 3．hug the rescue workers tightly紧紧地抱住救援人员 4．An earthquake occurred．发生了地震。 5．the supply of gas 石油供应 6．import relief supplies 进口救援物资 7．a formal conference一个正式会议 拓展单词 1．injure vt．　　　伤害，使受伤；损害 injury n． 损伤，损害 injured adj． 受伤的 2．react vi． 反应，回应 reaction n． 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 3．order n．　　　　顺序，次序；秩序；命令 v． 命令 orderly adj． 有秩序的；有条理的，整齐的 4．confirm vt． 证实，确认；使确信；批准 confirmation n． 证实，证明书 5．relief n．　　　　宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 relieve vt． 缓解 6．destroy vt． 摧毁；毁灭；破坏 destructive adj． 引起破坏(或毁灭的)，破坏(或毁灭)性的 destruction n． 摧毁；毁灭；破坏 7．inform vt． 了解，熟悉；通知 information n． 信息 informed adj． 有学问的；有见识的；见多识广的 8．shock n． 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克；打击 vt． 使震惊；使气愤 shocking adj． 令人震惊的 shocked adj． 感到震惊的 9．scare vt．& vi． 惊吓，害怕 n． 恐慌；惊吓 scared adj． 害怕的；恐惧的 scary adj． 恐怖的；吓人的 10．power n． 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 powerful adj． 强有力的，强大的 powerless adj． 　 　无力的，无能的 11．donate vt． 捐赠，赠送；献(血) donation n． 捐赠 12．curious adj． 好奇的；奇特的；求知欲强的 curiosity n． 好奇，好奇心 curiously adv． 好奇地，奇怪地 13．erupt vi．& vt． (火山)爆发；突然发生 eruption n． 爆(喷)发 14．bear vt． 承受，忍受 unbearable adj． 难耐的，无法忍受的 15．distant adj． 遥远的，冷漠的 distance n． 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 16．sharp adj． 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 sharpen vi．& vt． (使)变得锋利 sharply adv． 尖刻地；严厉地；猛烈地；急剧地 17．locate vt． 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) location n． 地方；地点；位置 18．retire vi．& vt． 退休，退职；退出(房间、比赛等) retirement n． 退休 短语巧学助记 1．safe and sound 安然无恙的 2．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 3．run out of 用完，耗尽[对比：run out用完；耗尽，主语为物] 4．break out 突然开始，爆发 5．hold on to 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物[对比：hold on等着；挺住；别挂断] 6．to one's relief 让某人感到宽慰的是 7．in detail 详细地 8．flood in 大量涌入[联想：a flood of大量] 9．in all directions 四面八方 10．above all 最重要的是 11．in the distance 在远处 句式遮挡背诵 1．At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open．(in case引导目的状语从句) 2．The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape．(the moment引导时间状语从句；动词不定式作定语) 3．NEWDALE—On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead．(leave＋宾语＋宾补) 4．Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag．(while 连接并列分句，表对比) 5．Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！(情态动词＋have done) 6．Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors．(as if 引导方式状语从句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏，打不开了。 2．晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 3．纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。 4．爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。 5．火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！ 6．它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完的样子；地板上丰富的图案一点都没有褪色。 语篇词汇串记 　　A county located at the foot of a high mountain has beautiful scenery．So it is the destination of many visitors every year．Unfortunately，one day an earthquake broke out there，which is one of the most destructive natural disasters．It was natural that an adult couldn't keep his head when a terrible disaster occurred，not to mention the children．Some cried; some were scared and even became numb．Others hugged each other tightly．Luckily，only a small number of people were badly injured，and most suffered slight injuries．Everywhere people looked，there was nothing but ruins．They were in shock．Soon after the quake，the rescue team arrived．After confirming that most people were safe and sound，the leader smiled with relief．Some charities immediately supplied the county with food，shelters and funds；many individuals also began to donate some food and clothes to the victims the moment they were informed of the news． [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 有一个县坐落在一座高山脚下，那里风景秀丽，景色优美。每年许多游客都将其视为旅游目的地。不幸的是，有一天那里爆发了地震，这是最具破坏性的自然灾害之一。当可怕的灾难发生时，一个成人无法保持清醒是很正常的，更不用说孩子们了。有些人哭了，有些人害怕了，甚至变得麻木了。其他人则紧紧地互相拥抱。幸运的是，只有少数人受了重伤，大多数人都受了轻伤。人们目光所及之处只有废墟。他们震惊了。地震发生后不久，救援队就赶到了现场。在确认大多数人都安然无恙后，领队宽慰地笑了。一些慈善机构立即向该县提供了食物、庇护所和资金；许多人一得知这个消息，就开始向受害者捐赠食物和衣服。 任务(二)　背诵过关测＋练 (一)单词过关测＋练 阅读单词知意 1．county 　　 　n．郡，县 2．tsunami n．海啸 3．bubble n．泡沫，泡，气泡 4．pole n．柱，杆；极 5．Roman adj．古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马人 6．unearth vt．使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 7．cloud­capped adj．高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 8．ashy 　　　adj．覆盖着灰的；灰色的 9．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 10．document n．文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 11．staff n．全体职工；管理人员 vt．在……工作，任职于 12．dawn n．黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi．开始；开始清楚 13．charity n．慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 核心单词练通 1．exit　　　　vt．& vi．出去，离去，退场；退出 n．出口，通道；离开 2．occur vi．发生，出现；存在于 3．conference n．会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 4．fund n．资金；基金vt．提供资金；资助 5．import　　n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt．进口，引进 6．pattern n．图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 7．column n．柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 8．rescue n．& vt．救援，营救，抢救 结合语境拼写单词 9．The moment they met，they hugged (拥抱) tightly as if they hadn't seen each other for ages． 10．Any driver found drinking beyond (超出) the limit will be charged． 11．For me，it was just a simple party．But for Shannon，it was a signal (信号) of acceptance． 12．The water supply (供应，供给) has been cut off because of the terrible earthquake． 拓展单词悉变 1．confirm vt．证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n．证实，证明书 2．locate vt．找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→location n．地方；地点；位置 3．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻→relieve vt．缓解 4．retire vi．& vt．退休，退职；退出(房间、比赛等)→retirement n．退休 5．bear vt．承受，忍受→unbearable adj．难耐的，无法忍受的 6．destroy vt．摧毁；毁灭；破坏→destructive adj．引起破坏(或毁灭的)，破坏(或毁灭)性的→destruction n．摧毁；毁灭；破坏 7．sharp adj．灵敏的；锋利的，急剧的；明显的；尖锐的→sharpen vi．& vt．(使)变得锋利→sharply adv．尖刻地；严厉地；猛烈地；急剧地 8．scare vt．& vi．惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj．害怕的→scary adj．恐怖的，吓人的 利用语境串记单词 9．The shocking news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning，which made his fans shocked．(shock) 10．Our boss is eager for more information，so we must keep him informed of what's happening here．(inform) 11．None of the students reacted to her question；that's to say，her question failed to get a reaction from any of the students．(react) 12．Tom was seriously injured in the traffic accident yesterday，so he can't go on with his work until he recovers from the injury．(injure) 13．It is normal for children to be curious about everything．They will ask many questions curiously and we should answer them patiently to meet their curiosity．(curious) (二)短语过关测＋练 1．safe and sound　　安然无恙的 2．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 3．run out of 用完，耗尽 4．break out 突然开始，爆发 5．hold on to 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 6．to one's relief　　让某人宽慰的是 7．in detail 详细地 8．flood in 大量涌入 9．in all directions 四面八方 10．above all 最重要的是 11．in the distance 在远处 根据语境选词填空 12．Fears that the world was about to run out of fuel proved groundless． 13．A good idea occurred to me while I was making fortune cookies． 14．Time's up；I don't have enough time to explain it to you in detail． 15．If you want to make progress in your study，above all，you must be strict with yourself． 16．The fire broke out in the house where my grandmother used to live． (三)句式迁移练 1．句式：in case引导条件状语从句 首先，万一地震发生你应该保持冷静。 First of all，you should keep calm in case an earthquake happens． 2．句式：the moment作连词 我们二十年没有见面了，但是我一见到他就认出他来了。 We hadn't met each other for 20 years but I recognised him the moment I saw him． 3．句式：现在分词短语作状语 玛丽掩面啜泣。[读后续写之悲伤心理描写] Mary sobbed，hiding her face in her hands． Part 1　核心词句——学表达 occur vi．(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现→occurrence n．发生；出现 【语境运用】　一句多译 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我从没想过我会在写作比赛中取得如此大的成功。 ①It never occurred to me that I would make such a great success in the writing contest． (occur) ②It never hit me that I would make such a great success in the writing contest． (hit) ③It never struck me that I would make such a great success in the writing contest． (strike) 【用法归纳】 ◎sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事 ◎It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that．．．某人突然想起…… 【写作语料】 ◎a good idea occurred to sb 某人想到了一个好主意 ◎experience a terrible storm 经历了一场可怕的暴风雨 relief n．(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱；救济物→relieve vt．使轻松，宽慰；缓解→relieved adj．感到宽慰的；放心的；显得开心的 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)冈特不仅让我摆脱了眼前手头拮据的担忧，而且还向我展示了善良和信任的力量。 Not only did Gunter relieve me of my immediate financial worry，but he also showed me the power of kindness and trust． ②手术成功后，病人松了一口气，因为他知道最糟糕的情况已经过去了。 After the successful surgery, the patient breathed a sigh of relief, knowing that the worst was behind him． 【用法归纳】 ◎in/with relief欣慰地，释然地 ◎to one's relief令某人欣慰的是 ◎relieve sb of．．．将某人从……中解脱出来 【写作语料】 ◎breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 ◎feel a sudden sense of relief突然感到如释重负 ◎sigh in relief如释重负 ◎excited and relieved既兴奋又如释重负 inform vt．了解；熟悉；通知；告知→informed adj．见多识广的；有学问的→information n．信息 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①It's necessary for us to keep the new staff informed (inform) of the procedure of taking office． ②你能提前告知我你的计划，以便我据此做出安排吗？[应用文写作之邀请信] Would you please inform me of/about (或keep me informed of/about) your plan in advance，so I can make arrangements accordingly? ③我很抱歉地告诉你，周末我不能和你外出了。[应用文写作之道歉信] I'm sorry to inform you that I will fail to go out with you this weekend． 【用法归纳】 ◎inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事 ◎inform sb that．．．通知某人…… ◎keep sb informed of/about．．．通知某人关于……；使某人知道…… 【写作语料】 ◎inform you of some relevant information告诉你一些相关信息 ◎keep him well informed of the process of the important project随时向他汇报这个重要项目的进展 shock vt．(使)震惊 n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→shocked adj．感到震惊的→shocking adj．令人震惊的 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)我震惊地发现，它们变得如此迅速地流行起来，让人们更容易进行短距离旅行。 I was shocked to see how quickly they became popular, which made it easier for people to travel short distances． ②(2024·全国甲卷)看到他们如此迅速地成为生活的一部分为短途旅行提供方便时，我非常震惊。 I was shocked at how quickly they became a part of daily life, providing a convenient option for short trips． ③我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我这一切都是我的误解。[读后续写之神情描写] I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything． 【用法归纳】 ◎in shock　　　　 　 震惊；吃惊 ◎with great shock 非常震惊地 ◎be shocked at/by 对……感到吃惊 ◎be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 【写作语料】 ◎a great shock to me对我来说是极大的震惊 ◎feel shocked at the news对这个消息感到震惊 ◎open the door with great shock非常震惊地打开了门 scare vt．惊吓；使害怕 vi．受惊吓→scared adj．害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj．吓人的；恐怖的 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我吓得当场僵住了，毫不犹豫地拥抱了我哥哥，确保他没事。[读后续写之恐惧心理描写] Scared and frozen on the spot, I hugged my brother without hesitation and made sure he was all right． ②当过山车到达最高点时，我吓得要死，尖叫声不断。 When the roller coaster reached its highest point, I was scared to death and couldn't stop screaming． ③发生事故后，他害怕开车，好几个月都避免坐到驾驶座上。 After the accident, he was scared to drive and avoided sitting behind the wheel for months． 【用法归纳】 ◎scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 ◎scare．．．away/off把……吓跑 ◎be scared to death吓得要死 ◎be scared to do sth/of doing sth 害怕做某事 【写作语料】 ◎too scared to speak因太害怕而说不出话来 ◎be scared out of one's wits被吓得失去理智 curious adj．好奇的；求知欲强的→curiously adv．好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①飞机上的人都很着急，大家都急于想知道究竟出了什么事。 Everybody on board was worried and they were curious to find out what had happened． ②孩子们好奇地围着魔术师，渴望看到他的下一个魔术。 The children gathered around the magician curiously/with curiosity, eager to see his next trick． ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)站在舞台上的时候，我的心情很复杂，很想知道接下来会发生什么。 Standing on the stage, I had mixed feelings，curious to know what would happen next． 【用法归纳】 ◎be curious to do sth好奇地做某事 ◎with curiosity＝curiously好奇地 ◎out of curiosity出于好奇 【写作语料】 ◎be curious about Chinese culture 对中国文化感到好奇 ◎throw/cast a curious glance at sb 好奇地向某人瞥了一眼 ◎satisfy your curiosity through exploration通过探索满足你的好奇心 located adj．位于；处于；坐落于→locate vt．找出……的位置；把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于)→location n．地方；位置 【语境运用】　一句多译 鉴于您的上述要求，北京大学是一个极好的选择，它位于我们的首都北京。 ①Given your above­mentioned requirements, Peking University, located/situated in our capital Beijing, is an excellent choice．(分词作定语) ②Given your above­mentioned requirements, Peking University, which is located in our capital Beijing, is an excellent choice．(定语从句) 【用法归纳】 ◎be located in/on/at＝be situated in/on/at 位于；坐落于 ◎lie in位于；在于 【写作语料】 ◎be located in North China位于中国北方 ◎at its original location在原来的位置 run out of (主语为人)用完，耗尽；从……流出/跑出 【语境运用】　选择合适的短语补全语段 What a terrible day! First，food and drinking water had been ①used up before we reached the destination．Then，my husband was driving when the car suddenly broke down．It turned out that the gas had ②run out/given out．So we had to walk along the road until our strength ③gave out．We finally reached a small hotel but unfortunately，we found we had ④run out of/used up our money． 【用法归纳】 ◎run out用完，耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态) ◎give out 用完；筋疲力尽；发出(主语为物，无被动语态) ◎use up用完，耗尽(人作主语，是及物动词短语) 【写作语料】 ◎run out of water and other supplies 耗尽了水和其他供应品 break out 突然开始，爆发 【语境运用】　语段填空 有人强行闯入我的房子。更糟糕的是，我的汽车在路上抛锚了。只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且不再与他们联系是多么地傻。 My house ①was broken into．What's worse，my car ②broke down on the way．Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me ③to break away from all of my friends and never contact them．[读后续写之心理与动作描写] 【用法归纳】 ◎break away (from) 脱离，背叛 ◎break in打断(谈话)；插嘴，打断；破门而入 ◎break through突破；克服 ◎break into强行闯入 ◎break up 解散；结束；分手 ◎break down出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败 【写作语料】 ◎break out in a cold sweat突然冒出一身冷汗 句式：现在分词短语作状语 【教材原句】　After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other．点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 ◎现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时，现在分词和句中主语在逻辑上是主谓关系，和句中谓语动词同时发生，即表示主动进行的动作。 ◎现在分词(短语)作状语还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。 【佳句背诵】　 ①I softly said, gently putting my hand on her shoulder to reassure her of my sincerity． 我轻轻地说，轻轻地把手放在她的肩上，让她相信我的诚意。 ②Hearing other students whispering to each other, Joyce's face flushed with shame．[读后续写之害羞心理描写] 听到其他学生在窃窃私语，乔伊斯羞愧得满脸通红。 ③The conference, attracting scholars from around the world, lasted five days in all． 这场吸引了来自世界各地的学者的会议共持续了五天。 ④She had visited 15 countries in all, gaining invaluable experience along the way． 她总共访问了15个国家，在旅途中获得了宝贵的经验。 【仿写借鉴】 ①刺骨的寒风如狼一般怒吼，使得黑暗更加令人害怕。[读后续写之环境描写] The bone­chilling wind howled like a wolf，making the darkness even more frightening． ②为了减轻期末考试的压力，放松自己，我们班下周末将举行一次郊游。[应用文写作之通知] Aiming to relieve the pressure of the final examination and relax ourselves, our class is going to hold an outing next weekend． ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David lowered his head，sat on the ground quietly and reflected on what I said to him just now． →David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly，reflecting on what I said to him just now．(用现在分词短语作状语) 句式：as if/though 从句中的虚拟语气 【教材原句】　Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors．它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上丰富的图案一点儿都没有褪色。 ◎as if/though从句用陈述语气时表示从句阐述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 ◎as if/though从句用虚拟语气： 【佳句背诵】　 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I simply stood there dumbfounded as if my feet had been rooted to the ground． 我只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，好像我的脚已经扎根在地上了。 ②He seemed as though he was lost in thought, completely unaware of the world around him． 他似乎沉浸在思考中，完全没有意识到周围的世界。 ③She danced as though no one was watching, lost in the rhythm of the music． 她旁若无人地跳起舞来，沉浸在音乐的节奏中。 【仿写借鉴】 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫坚持跑，就好像他忘记了自己所有的弱点。 David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses． ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我的老师让我坐下来，递给我一瓶果汁，就好像他一直在等我一样。 My teacher told me to take a seat and handed me a bottle of juice, as if he had been waiting for me． ③他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 He is waiting for the results with anxiety as if he were sitting on pins and needles． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．signal A．n．信号，暗号　B．adj．显著的，重大的　 C．vt．发信号，示意 ①The traffic light turned green, signaling us to go． C ②The discovery of penicillin was a signal event in medical history． B ③The coach gave the signal for the team to start the game． A 2．beyond A．prep．晚于；迟于　B．prep．在(或向)更远处 C．adv．在(或向)较远处　D．prep．超出……之外；非……所能及　E．prep．除……之外 ①Snowdon and the mountains beyond are covered in snow all the year around． C ②The road continues beyond the village up into the hills． B ③I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that． A ④(2021·天津卷)Beyond simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes． E ⑤The handle was just beyond my reach． D 3．sharp A．adj．锋利的，尖的　B．adj．急剧的，骤然的 C．adj．清晰的　D．adj．敏锐的，灵敏的 E．adj．剧烈的，强烈的 ①Polly felt a sharp pang of jealousy． E ②Tim is a sharp child so we all like him． D ③Obviously, the photograph is not very sharp． C ④The other end of the twig is sharpened into a sharp point to use as a toothpick． A ⑤The sharp drop of temperature caused many people to get a cold． B 4．supply A．n．供应量；补给量　B．n．生活必需品，补给品 C．vt．供给，供应 ①The media supplies lots of information to us every day． C ②In China，there is a plentiful supply of cheap labour． A ③It was said that the refugees had run out of the supplies． B 5．flood A．n．洪水，水灾　B．n．大批，大量　C．vt．(被)淹没　D．vi．大量涌入　E．vi．涌上心头 ①I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front． E ②The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country． A ③The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their village． C ④Floods of people come to the West Lake to admire the beautiful scenery every year． B ⑤Refugees continued to flood into neighbouring countries，leading to great panic． D 6．猜测句中加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①Please remember to cut off the power or it may lead to fire．n．电源 ②The naughty boy smashed the window with an iron bar，which annoyed the old man．n．长条，棒 ③As is known，an elephant is characterized by a long trunk．n．象鼻 巧借前缀un­推测词义 前缀un­：表示否定意义“不，无，非，没有”或反向 本单元：un (反向)＋earth(地球；土壤)→unearth vt．使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 1．(2024·全国甲卷)You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters． [词义]un＋predict(预料)＋able(形容词后缀)→unpredictable adj．难以预料的 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We waste food unintentionally at times． [词义]un＋intentionally(故意地)→unintentionally adv．无意地 3．(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people．．．inviting twenty­nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty­six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts． [词义]un＋interrupt(打断)＋­ed→uninterrupted adj．不间断的 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management． [词义]un＋protect(保护)＋ed→unprotected adj．未受保护的 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out． [词义]un＋thinking(思想的，有思考力的)＋ly→unthinkingly adv．考虑不周地 6．(全国甲卷)When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others． [词义]un＋acknowledge(认可，承认)＋ed→unacknowledged adj．不被承认的 单句语法填空 1．It was confirmed that a large amount of money raised by our organization had been donated to the local school． 2．Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story． 3．We saw a squirrel at a distance of five meters，but the squirrel ran away and disappeared in the distance immediately it found us approaching． 4．A good idea occurred to me that I might join a related organization as a volunteer in defence of the wildlife． 5．I'm curious to know (know) how to help the people in this region get rid of poverty． 6．The quick reaction can make the difference between life and death． 7．To his relief，he has entirely recovered and can take part in the sports meeting to be held next month． 8．When they know all were safe and sound, they felt relaxed, hugging (hug) each other． 9．I've learned to signal to my teammates to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal． 10．The couple knew their son's application was rejected，but they behaved as if nothing had happened (happen)． (一)应用文写作[自然灾害] 假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括： 1．表达安慰；2．救援队已到达并进行援助；3．表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。 用本单元知识和右栏词块翻译句子 1．我是学生会主席李华。得知你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震，我感到非常遗憾。(同位语) I'm Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Council．I'm deeply sorry to hear the news that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown． 2．我很想借此机会向那些在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(定语从句) I'm anxious to take this opportunity to send my deepest sympathy and concern to the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake． 3．得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我感到宽慰。(现在分词短语作状语) Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I feel relieved． 4．他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟的人们，完全把他们的安全抛在身后，这值得我们尊重和钦佩。(现在分词短语作状语；非限制性定语从句) They have risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins，totally leaving their safety behind，which deserves our respect and admiration． 5．此外，在政府和全国各地人民的帮助下，你们没有必要感到害怕。 What's more，with the aid of the government and people across the country，there is no need for you to be scared． 6．虽然你们深受地震的影响，但我坚信一切都会好起来的，灾区很快就会有序复苏。(让步状语从句) Though you are deeply affected by the earthquake，I'm fully convinced that everything will be fine，and that the stricken area will recover in an orderly way soon． [构建话题语义场] 1．自然灾害的类型 ①earthquake 地震 ②flood 洪水 ③hurricane 飓风 ④tornado 龙卷风 ⑤tsunami 海啸 ⑥landslide 山体滑坡 ⑦drought 干旱 ⑧volcanic eruption 火山爆发 2．自然灾害的影响 ⑨cause destruction 造成破坏 ⑩affect the economy 影响经济 ⑪lead to casualties 导致伤亡 ⑫destroy habitats 破坏栖息地 ⑬cause food shortages 导致食物短缺 ⑭suffer greatly in the earthquake在地震中遭受巨大苦难 3．应对自然灾害 ⑮prepare for disasters 为灾害做准备 ⑯develop an emergency plan 制定应急计划 ⑰provide relief supplies 提供救援物资 ⑱offer medical assistance 提供医疗援助 ⑲conduct search and rescue operations 进行搜救行动 ⑳rescue teams救援队 lend a helping hand伸出援助之手 recover in an orderly way 有序复苏 (二)读后续写[自然灾害＋情感细节描写之恐惧与绝望] Ⅰ．教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　odd adj．奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的　relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济　shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt．使震惊；使气愤　scare vt．& vi．惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓　curious adj．好奇的；奇特的 [动作描写]　crash n．碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi．& vt．碰撞，撞击；崩溃　confirm vt．证实，确认；使确信；批准　occur to被想到，浮现在脑中　keep one's head(在困境中)保持冷静　inform vt．了解，熟悉；通知 佳句 1．Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks．(动作描写) 2．There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly．(环境描写) 3．She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands．(动作描写) 4．Within one minute and twenty seconds，the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground．(动作描写) 5．People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach，enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair．(动作描写) Ⅱ．拓展语料背诵 单词 1．shout v．大声喊叫 2．scream v．惊声尖叫 3．struggle v．挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进 4．hopeless adj．不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv．绝望地；无望地 5．threat n．威胁→threaten v．威胁；胁迫 6．despair n．绝望 7．desperate adj．绝望的→desperation n．绝望 词块 1．in despair/desperation绝望地 2．fall into despair 陷入绝望 3．give up all hope绝望 4．sb be thrown into a world of darkness某人被扔进黑暗的世界 5．sb sink into hopelessness/despair某人陷入绝望 6．abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望 7．weep bitter tears of despair/desperation伤心绝望地啜泣 8．throw sb in low spirits使某人陷入情绪低迷状态 9．be seized with overwhelming despair极度绝望 10．glue one's eyes to sb with disappointment失望地盯着某人 句型 1．In such circumstances，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face． 在这种情况下，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。(无灵主语句) 2．As time went by，the faith that I could make it faded gradually． 随着时间的推移，我相信自己能成功的信念逐渐消退。 3．Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face．他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。(无灵主语句) 4．A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely． 他完全被绝望吞没了。(无灵主语句) 5．His heart was torn with despair．他绝望到心都要碎了。 6．As a result of an accident，Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness． 由于事故，托尼突然被扔进黑暗的世界之中，陷入绝望。 Ⅲ．语料综合运用 　　我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在大雨中，挣扎着前进，但没有成功，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水从我的脸上流下来。更糟糕的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有人能听到。我正打算放弃时，我丈夫乔来救了我。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在泥泞的水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时，我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。 　　Never ①have I experienced such a hopeless moment in my life．I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs．Stuck in the heavy rain，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face (独立主格)．What's worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly．I felt more frightened and sensed ③death was waiting for me (拟人)．④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness (分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lung but no one could hear．I was about to give up ⑤when my husband Joe came to my rescue．He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car．After confirming the safety，we ⑥inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe and sound．⑦Only then did I get rid of my terror (倒装句)．Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting me on the back，comforting me gently． A卷 (时间：25分钟　满分：32．5分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·南京市学情调研)Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming．Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12，000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电)．Here's what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning． A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body．Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third­degree burns．Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27, 700 ℃．Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin．This is a pattern of scars(伤疤)that branches out across your body like a tree． But it doesn't end there．You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological(神经系统的)conditions for reasons that scientists still don't fully understand．It's also possible that you will suffer pain． In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents．In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano．He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike．This type of phenomenon confuses scientists． One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元)．This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible． Cool as it would be, you shouldn't count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash．Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。人一生中被闪电击中的可能性大约是1/12 000，被闪电击中可能对人体产生重大影响，不仅仅是身体伤害，还可能是终身的神经系统疾病。此处，被闪电击中后也有可能获得以往没有的超能力。 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12, 000 may die from lightning bolts． B．Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27, 700℃． C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks． D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts． C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure．．．branches out across your body like a tree”可知，血管在电击和高温下爆裂，通常会在皮肤上形成一种叫做利希腾贝格图的东西。这是一种伤疤的图案，像树一样在身体上伸展开来。由此可知，分支形伤疤是闪电击中后的典型特征，故选C。] 2．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated． B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death． C．He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain． D．He recalled hidden memories about music． A　[推理判断题。第四段提到一位被闪电击中的外科医生产生了学习弹钢琴的冲动，开始创作自从被击中以来他脑海中一直听到的音乐。第五段解释了被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中一次性充斥着神经递质，这些神经递质是从死亡的神经元中释放出来的。这会导致神经元的重新布线，为以前无法进入的大脑区域提供通道。由此可推知，被闪电击中后，这位外科医生以往未被开发的大脑区域被激活了。故选A。B项“他的大脑处于一种固定的死亡状态”；C项“他一生遭受着神经系统上的疼痛”；D项“他回忆起关于音乐的隐藏记忆”。] 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in Paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes． B．The flooding of brain's neurotransmitters． C．The rewiring of brain neurons． D．The release of dying neurons． B　[词句猜测题。根据语境可知，此处“This”指代上文提到的名词短语“a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质)”，即大脑神经递质的泛滥。故选B。] 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation． B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike． C．The possibility of lightning making a genius． D．The consequences of being struck by lightning． D　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了被闪电击中的后果，故选D。A项“闪电形成的过程”；B项“在雷击中幸存的机会”；C项“闪电造就天才的可能性”。] B (2025·蓉城名校联盟高三入学考试)A new study by an international team of experts highlights how global methane (甲烷) emissions have been rising rapidly since 2006，particularly since 2020，a trend that's expected to continue unless we do something very significant very soon．The study authors have then outlined some strategies countries can use to take action，and developed an online tool to help with this． This continual climb in methane emissions is largely due to the continued use of fossil (化石) fuels rather than cleaner options，the researchers say．It's directly produced by oil，gas，and coal drilling and processing．The increasing release of methane from natural wetlands，caused by a hotter climate，is now also contributing．Methane is produced by rubbish sites，thawing permafrost，and animals too．The researchers，led by physicist and climate specialist Drew Shindell of Duke University in the US，suggest these are minor contributors at the moment—although ones that also need to be closely watched． “Worldwide efforts to limit climate change are rightly focused on carbon dioxide (CO2)，the primary driver，”writes the team in their published paper． “However，since humanity has failed to properly address climate change for several decades，keeping warming below agreed goals now requires that we address all major climate pollutants．” There is currently much less methane in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide (CO2)，but methane is a stronger greenhouse gas． We know that methane is a major contributor to the warming of the world，trapping heat like CO2 does．It also contributes to the formation of ozone (臭氧) at ground level，increasing the risk of death through respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular diseases． “Rapid reductions in methane emissions this decade are essential to slowing warming in the near future，limiting the overshoot by the middle of the century and keeping low­warming carbon budgets within reach，”write the researchers． Warnings from scientists about the state of Earth's climate path are now reaching a deafening level．Humanity should pay close attention to those warnings and take action． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。自2020年以来，甲烷的排放急剧上升，并且这一趋势预计将继续下去。作者呼吁人类应立刻采取措施来应对这一紧急情况。 5．What do we know about methane emissions? A．They are currently a minor concern． B．They have been going up since 2006． C．They have decreased steadily since 2020． D．They are mainly caused by cleaner options． B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“how global methane(甲烷)emissions have been rising rapidly since 2006，particularly since 2020”可知，自2006年，尤其是2020年以来，全球甲烷排放在持续增长。故选B项。文中的“rising”和B项中的“going up”是同义替换。] 6．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The continued use of methane emissions． B．Strategies for reducing methane emissions． C．The impact of methane emissions on human health． D．The contributions of sources to methane emissions． D　[主旨大意题。根据第二段的“This continual climb in methane emissions．．．cleaner options”“The increasing release of methane．．．and animals too”可知，甲烷排放量的持续攀升主要是由于化石燃料的持续使用。由于气候变暖，自然湿地释放的甲烷越来越多，这也是原因之一。此外，垃圾场、融化的永冻土和动物也会产生甲烷。由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是甲烷排放的促成因素。故选D项。] 7．Why is reducing methane emissions considered urgent? A．Methane lessens the amount of ozone． B．Methane limits climate change effectively． C．Methane promotes global warming greatly． D．Methane keeps low­warming carbon budgets within reach． C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“methane is a major contributor to the warming of the world，trapping heat like CO2 does”可知，甲烷是全球变暖的主要原因，它像二氧化碳一样吸收热量。故选C项。] 8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To call on people to handle methane emissions． B．To introduce the history of methane emissions． C．To highlight the dangers of methane formation． D．To advocate for the increased use of fossil fuels． A　[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，甲烷作为温室气体对全球变暖有重大影响，自2020年以来，甲烷的排放急剧上升，并且这一趋势预计将继续下去。科学家们对地球气候变化轨迹的警告现在已经达到了震耳欲聋的程度。人类应该密切关注这些警告并采取行动。由此可知，作者写作本文的目的是呼吁人类密切关注甲烷排放并采取应对行动。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2．5分，共12．5分) Human activities have made global rainfall more unstable over the past century, a new study suggests．1( ) Published Friday in the journal Science, it shows that rainfall variability has increased since the 20th century, ranging from global to regional scales and from daily to intraseasonal timescales． Rainfall variability refers to the unevenness of rainfall timing and rainfall amount．2( ) For example, some places may receive a year's rainfall in just a few days, experience downpours after long dry periods, or alternate rapidly between droughts and floods． By analyzing a wide range of observational data, the researchers found that rainfall variability has increased since the 20th century in about 75% of the land areas studied, especially in Europe, Australia and eastern North America．3( ) 4( ) They identified the dominant role of anthropogenic(人为的)emissions of greenhouse gases．“The increase in rainfall variability is mainly due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which have led to a warmer and more humid atmosphere，” said Wenxia Zhang, lead author of the study．This means that even if the atmospheric circulation remains unchanged, the extra moisture in the air will lead to more intense rain events． Large and rapid fluctuations(波动)between extreme climates not only challenge the existing capabilities of contemporary weather and climate prediction systems, but also have chain effects on human society, threatening the economic development, ecosystem functions and terrestrial carbon sinks．5( ) A．Immediate adaptation measures are crucial to meet these challenges． B．Higher variability may bring more rain in a certain region． C．The study was conducted by researchers from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences． D．To understand the causes of increased rainfall variability, the team furthered the research． E．Higher variability means that rainfall is more unevenly distributed over a period of time, leading to wet and dry periods． F．It was also found that daily variability in global rainfall has increased by 1．2% per decade． G．The study indicates that global rainfall will still increase in the next century． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了人类活动对全球降雨量稳定性的影响以及由此带来的挑战。 1．C　[空前谈到一项新的研究及其发现，空后谈到这项研究所在的出版物，故空处应是与这项研究有关的基本信息，为下文介绍研究内容做铺垫。C项“这项研究是由中国科学院大气物理研究所的研究人员进行的”符合语境。] 2．E　[空前谈到了降雨多变性的概念，再由空后举的例子“For example，some places．．．rapidly between droughts and floods”可知，一些地区可能在仅仅几天内就有一年的降雨量，可能在长时间干旱后经历暴雨，或者在旱灾和水灾之间快速交替。这个例子应该是降雨多变性会带来的后果。故E项“更高的多变性意味着降雨在一段时间内分布得更加不均匀，导致潮湿和干旱时期”与上下文衔接紧密。“降雨多变性”包含降雨量增加和减少两个方面，B项只提到某个区域会有更多降雨，过于片面，无法与上下文衔接。] 3．F　[上文谈到了研究人员的发现，自20世纪以来，在所研究的约75%陆地地区，尤其是欧洲、澳大利亚和北美东部，降雨多变性增加了，空处承接上文，应该是继续谈论研究发现，故F项“(研究人员)还发现，全球日降雨多变性每十年增加1．2%”与上文衔接紧密，also是关键词。] 4．D　[下文提到，他们确定了温室气体的人为排放物的显著作用，并介绍了研究人员对降雨多变性增加原因的研究发现。这些是更深入的研究结果，空后的They应该指的是研究人员，故D项“为了理解降雨多变性增加的原因，研究团队进行了深入研究”符合语境，其中的“the causes”与下文中的“mainly due to”呼应，“the team”与“They”呼应。] 5．A　[上文谈到极端气候之间的大幅度快速波动不仅挑战了当代天气和气候预测系统的现有能力，而且会对人类社会产生连锁影响，威胁到经济发展、生态系统功能和陆地碳汇。A项“立即采取适应措施对于应对这些挑战至关重要”总结上文，发出呼吁。其中的“these challenges”与上文提到的挑战和影响相呼应。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2．5分，共10分) Floating pieces of Arctic sea ice rolled into complicated patterns as ocean currents carried them south along Greenland's east coast in spring 2024．The MODIS (中分辨率成像光谱仪) on NASA's Terra satellite seized a moment of this dizzying journey on June 4，2024． Much of the ice has likely flowed a great distance to get to this point．The Fram Strait, connecting the Arctic Ocean with the Greenland Sea, serves as the primary route for sea ice out of the Arctic． Along the way, it breaks into smaller pieces and starts to melt in warmer ocean waters．“The smaller the floating ice, the more ‘wispy’ the patterns，” said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist．The small ice pieces may only be meters across—too small to distinguish in MODIS imagery．Their gathering forms the smoke­like clouds on the water surface． As the summer wears on, ice will continue to be carried out of the Arctic．But in recent years, more of the Arctic Ocean's sea ice has become too young and thin to make the journey south, noted Angela Bliss, a sea ice scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center．“Historically, when more of the Arctic sea ice would survive the summer melt season, growing thicker and older, a larger volume of sea ice would be transported through the Fram Strait，” she said． Some climate scientists are watching this decreased flow closely．The movement of sea ice and freshwater out of the Arctic is a component of ocean circulation (环流) patterns that distribute heat around the planet．The “global ocean conveyor belt” transports cold water south and warm water north, contributing to climate conditions worldwide．“Less ice and freshwater transport have big impacts on ocean productivity, as well as warming upper ocean temperatures, in the region，”said Bliss． A 2023 study looking at two decades of related observations found that the East Greenland Current is moving less sea ice through the Fram Strait, primarily due to sea ice thinning．The researchers observed that summertime surface water temperatures off Greenland have risen, in part due to the increased presence of heat­absorbing open water． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文以2024年6月4日美国航空航天局Terra卫星上的MODIS捕捉到北极海冰运动这件事引出近年来北极海冰运动减少这一现象，进而分析其减少的影响和原因。 1．What does the NASA image mainly show? A．The length of the coastline． B．The journey to the Arctic． C．A scene of sea ice movement． D．A pattern of the Arctic ice． C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，2024年6月4日美国航空航天局Terra卫星上的MODIS捕捉到了一段令人眼花缭乱的行程：2024年春天，漂浮着的北极海冰随着洋流沿着格陵兰岛东海岸向南移动，翻滚成复杂的图案。“this dizzying journey”指代上文提到的北极海冰运动，所以美国航空航天局的图像主要展示了北极海冰运动，故选C。A项“海岸线的长度”；B项“前往北极的旅程”；D项“北极冰的图案”。] 2．What does the underlined “wispy” possibly mean? A．Typical． B．Delicate． C．Evident． D．Similar． B　[词义猜测题。根据下文的“Their gathering forms the smoke­like clouds on the water surface”可知，小的海冰碎片聚集在一起，在水面形成烟状的云。再结合常识可知，漂浮的海冰越小，形成的图案就越精美。delicate“微小的，精美的，小巧玲珑的”，符合文中对海冰图案的描述，故B项最接近画线词的意思。A项“典型的”；C项“明显的”；D项“相似的”。] 3．Why are climate scientists monitoring the reduced flow? A．It affects the balance of global heat． B．It encourages Arctic ocean diversity． C．It leads to the pollution of freshwater． D．It speeds up the “ocean conveyor belt”． A　[细节理解题。第五段首句讲一些气候科学家正在密切关注这种减少的流动，接着讲海冰和淡水从北极流出的运动是海洋环流模式的一个组成部分，而海洋环流模式在全球范围内分配热量，“全球海洋传送带”向南输送冷水，向北输送暖水，影响了全球气候条件。冰和淡水运输的减少对区域的海洋生产力产生了重大影响，同时也使海洋上层温度升高。由此可知，北极海冰流动的减少会影响海洋环流模式，从而影响全球热量的分配，故选A。] 4．What can we know about the changing sea ice in the last paragraph? A．Its theoretical basis． B．Its economic promise． C．Its impact on the Fram Strait． D．Its link with the climate system． D　[推理判断题。最后一段讲研究发现通过弗拉姆海峡的海冰减少，这主要是由于海冰变薄。此外，格陵兰岛夏季的地表水温已经上升，部分原因是吸收热量的公共水域增加。由此可知，海冰减少会使区域的地表水温上升，即海冰的变化与气候系统有关系，故选D。A项“它的理论基础”；B项“它的经济前景”；C项“它对弗拉姆海峡的影响”。] Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·武汉市部分学校高三年级调研考试)My parents live in the foothills of Santa Barbara, California．They'd been talking about wanting to set up some 1 traps, just to see what sorts of animals were wandering nearby． Last year, I received an e­mail from my dad, under a subject line：“Secret creature？” There was no body text, but attached was a(n) 2 ， just 10 seconds, shot in the night vision．It showed a tiny creature, 3 down a driveway．The animal stops midway, turns slightly and then disappears into the 4 ．Watching it again, I still couldn't 5 it but noticed that the driveway looked oddly 6 ．It was my childhood home．I guess my parents' camera was finally 7 in our backyard． Soon, more e­mails with more videos came in．By the end of this February, my father had 8 a pair of rabbits, plus more foxes．He had also 9 the case of the secret creature in last year's video．It was a raccoon(浣熊) that became 10 because it lost its tail．“Can you believe it？” my father laughed 11 on the telephone—he was just overjoyed about his great 12 ． For me, the pleasure in watching these videos was that they've turned our familiar backyard into a place full of 13 ．In some sense, it serves as a 14 ： even in the places we think we know best, there's always more to explore and 15 about． [语篇解读]本文是记叙文，主要介绍了作者的父母居住在山麓小丘中，他们一直想要设置一些相机陷阱看看附近有什么动物在溜达。去年，作者收到父亲发来的神秘动物视频，后来父亲又拍到兔子、狐狸等动物，并解开了神秘动物的身份之谜，即它是一只浣熊。在一定意义上，作者认为即使在人们认为自己最了解的地方，也总是有更多的东西值得探索。 1．A．animal B．sensor C．man D．camera D　[根据空后的“just to see what sorts of animals were wandering nearby”和7空前的“my parents' camera”可知，作者的父母一直想要设置一些相机(camera)陷阱看看附近有什么动物在溜达，故选D。sensor“传感器”。] 2．A．photo B．message C．video D．advertisement C　[根据空后的“just 10 seconds, shot in the night vision”和第三段9空后的“last year's video”可知，邮件的附件是一个只有10秒钟的视频(video)，故选C。] 3．A．dancing B．breaking C．driving D．charging D　[空前讲视频中是一个小动物，再根据空后的“down a driveway．The animal stops midway．．．”可知，此处表示小动物冲下车道，在中途停下。charge在此作动词，意为“猛冲”，属于熟词生义的用法。故选D。] 4．A．mist B．darkness C．cold D．noise B　[根据2空后的“shot in the night vision”可知，视频是在夜间拍摄的，所以此处表示小动物消失在黑暗中，故选B。mist“薄雾”。] 5．A．make B．analyze C．identify D．examine C　[根据上文的“Secret creature？”和空处所在句中的again、still可知，再观看一次视频，作者还是不能识别出(identify)是什么动物。analyze“分析”；examine“检查”。] 6．A．realistic B．primitive C．familiar D．unreal C　[根据空后的“It was my childhood home”和最后一段13空前的“our familiar backyard”可知，视频拍摄地是作者童年的家，所以车道看起来很熟悉(familiar)。realistic“现实的”；primitive“原始的”；unreal“不真实的”。] 7．A．out of date B．in place C．out of control D．in danger B　[根据第一段的“set up some 1 traps”和空处所在句中的“in our backyard”可知，作者猜测父母的相机终于在作者家后院安装好了。in place“在正确位置，准备妥当”，符合语境。out of date“过时的”；out of control“失去控制”；in danger“在危险中”。] 8．A．hunted B．stopped C．tracked D．missed C　[根据上文描述的作者父母在后院安装相机拍摄家附近的动物可知，此处表示父亲用相机追踪(tracked)到一对兔子和很多狐狸。track在此作动词，意为“(尤指用特殊电子设备)跟踪，追踪”，符合语境。] 9．A．heard B．solved C．carried D．marked B　[根据下文的“It was a raccoon(浣熊)”可知，父亲已经解开(solved)了去年视频中神秘动物的身份之谜，即它是一只浣熊。mark“做记号，做标记”。] 10．A．unrecognizable B．unpredictable C．unbelievable D．unacceptable A　[根据第二段的“Secret creature？”“Watching it again, I still couldn't 5 it”和空后的“because it lost its tail”可知，因为小动物失去了尾巴，所以作者和家人无法分辨出它究竟是什么动物。unrecognizable“(变得)不能识别的”，符合语境。] 11．A．disappointedly B．regretfully C．relievedly D．excitedly D　[根据空前的“‘Can you believe it？’ my father laughed”和下文的“he was just overjoyed”可知，此处应用褒义副词来修饰动词laughed，且该词在词义上和overjoyed相近。故选D，表示作者的父亲在电话里兴奋地(excitedly)笑着。disappointedly“失望地”；regretfully“遗憾地”；relievedly“宽慰地”。] 12．A．discovery B．expectation C．enquiry D．assumption A　[根据上文的“He had also 9 the case of the secret creature．．．it lost its tail”可知，作者的父亲发现神秘动物原来是一只浣熊，这一发现(discovery)使父亲欣喜若狂，故选A。expectation“预料，预期，期待”；enquiry“调查，查究，查问”；assumption“假定，假设”。] 13．A．energy B．history C．opportunities D．secrets D　[根据语境可知，此处“our familiar backyard”与“a place full of 13 ”形成对照；再结合上文描述的安装在后院的相机捕捉到一只神秘动物可知，此处表示将熟悉的后院变成一个充满秘密(secrets)的地方，故选D。energy“力量，活力”；opportunity“机会”。] 14．A．warning B．reminder C．challenge D．choice B　[根据空后的“even in the places we think we know best, there's always more to explore”可知，即使在人们认为自己最了解的地方，也总是有更多的东西值得探索，因此在作者看来，在一定意义上，作者家的后院起到了提醒的作用。故选B。reminder“起提醒作用的事物”；warning“警告”；challenge“挑战”；choice“选择”。] 15．A．wonder B．worry C．complain D．dream A　[“ 15 about”与空前的explore并列，且在意思上相近。再结合上文的描述可知，对作者一家来说，他们虽然对后院很了解，但借助相机他们仍然发现了很多值得探索和想要了解的地方，故选A。wonder“想知道”；complain“抱怨”。] Ⅲ．语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)Beijing Central Axis was inscribed(写上)on the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 27, 1 marks China's 59th World Heritage Site．Initially constructed in the 13th century and shaped in the 16th century, it is an 2 (influence) masterpiece running north­south through the heart of the old city of Beijing, totaling 7．8 kilometers in 3 (long)． The newly inscribed World Heritage Site, consisting of 15 components, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and the Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end, 4 (present) a collection of building complexes and archaeological sites that governs the overall layout of Beijing's old city．World­famous 5 (landmark) like the Forbidden City and the Tian'anmen Square Complex, are along the Axis, and the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture 6 (locate) on the east and west sides of the Axis． Beijing Central Axis is 7 (true) a remarkable sight showcasing the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese urban planners．Years of efforts in preservation and restoration have resulted 8 the successful inscription of Beijing Central Axis, which is 9 unique blend of history, culture and architecture．It has formed a magnificent urban architectural complex, 10 (witness) the ideal order of capital cities that has influenced the buildings of traditional Chinese cities for more than two thousands years． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了被列入“联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录”的北京中轴线。 1．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面“7月27日，北京中轴线被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录”这件事，且在从句中作主语，故填which。] 2．influential　[考查形容词。空前是不定冠词an，空后是名词masterpiece，故空处应填形容词。此处表示“一件有影响力的杰作”，故填influential。] 3．length　[考查名词。此处考查固定短语in length“长度为”。句意：它(北京中轴线)始建于13世纪，成形于16世纪，是一件有影响力的杰作，从北到南贯穿北京老城的中心，全长7．8千米。] 4．presents　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“The newly inscribed World Heritage Site”指代第一段的“Beijing Central Axis”，表示单数概念，且与present之间是主动关系。故填presents。句意：新入选的世界遗产保护区由15个部分组成，北端是钟鼓楼，南端是永定门，它展现了一批建筑群和考古遗址，这些影响着北京旧城的整体布局。] 5．landmarks　[考查名词复数。空处在句中作主语，其前有形容词World­famous修饰，且谓语动词是are，故填名词复数landmarks。] 6．are located　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作第二个并列分句的谓语。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture”表复数，且与locate之间是被动关系。故填are located。句意：世界著名的标志性建筑，如故宫和天安门广场建筑群，都沿着中轴线，天坛和先农坛位于中轴线的东西两侧。] 7．truly　[考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词，故填truly。句意：北京中轴线确实是一个非凡的景观，展示了中国古代城市规划者的智慧和创造力。] 8．in　[考查介词。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语 result in“导致，造成”。] 9．a　[考查冠词。blend在此作可数名词，意为“(不同事物的)融合”；此处意为“一种历史、文化和建筑的独特融合”，表泛指。故填a。] 10．witnessing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。witness在此意为“见证”，与其逻辑主语It之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，填witnessing。句意：它形成了一个宏伟的城市建筑群，见证了两千多年来影响中国传统城市建筑的首都城市的理想结构。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $