选择性必修第三册 Unit 5 Learning from nature（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦选择性必修第三册Unit 5主题，覆盖词汇变形、核心句式、读写应用等高考核心考点，依据高考评价体系，通过2024浙江1月卷、2023新课标卷等真题实例，分析词汇拓展（如employ变形）、阅读推理（如昆虫行为研究题）、写作情境（如实践课程邮件）等考点权重，归纳出词汇分类自测、句式迁移、语篇综合练等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题融入+素养提升”的实战设计，如核心词汇单句应用直接嵌入高考原题，so...that...句型通过读后续写场景（如“雨下得大”描写）迁移培养语言能力，阅读理解题（如昆虫趋光现象研究）解析中渗透逻辑推理，提升思维品质。特设写作微练（如实践课程邮件）和易错点警示，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准规划复习，助力高考冲刺。

高三一轮复习讲义 外研版 Unit 5　Learning from nature 选择性必修 第三册 03 随堂巩固 深度拓展 02 深度学习 拓展能力 自主学习 夯实基础 01 内容索引 04 情境迁移 写作微练 05 单元测评 自主学习 夯实基础 返回 Part 1　单元词汇——分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.a fish pond 　　　　　　　 __________ 2.a decent job __________________ 3.a natural mound _______________ 4.domestic animals ___________ 5.carbon dioxide _________ 6.the frontiers of science _________ 7.a spider web _______ 8.back toward the cottage　　 ______________ 9.indoor plumbing _____________ 10.a red dragonfly ___________ 一个鱼塘 一份相当好的工作 一个天然的土丘 驯养的动物 二氧化碳 科学前沿 蜘蛛网 返回乡村小屋 室内管道系统 一只红蜻蜓 11.weather radar _________ 12.a landscape architect _______________ 13.mimic human thought _____________ 14.the right style of swimsuit _________________ 气象雷达 一位景观建筑师 模仿人类思维 款式得当的游泳衣 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 _______ v．使用，运用 →___________ n．工作；职业；就业；雇用 →________ adj.被雇用的 →(反义词) __________ adj.失业的 →________ n．雇员 →________ n．雇主 employ employment employed unemployed employee employer 2.________ v．退出 →(过去式) ________ →(过去分词) _________ →__________ n．撤走；取回 3._______ v．使抑郁；使沮丧 →__________ n．抑郁；沮丧 →__________ adj.抑郁的 →__________ adj.令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的 →_________ adj.抑郁的；沮丧的 4.______ v．离开 →_________ n．离开；起程；出发 withdraw withdrew withdrawn withdrawal depress depression depressive depressing depressed depart departure 5.______ v．实现；履行；执行 →__________ n．满足(感) →_________ adj.感到满足的；觉得满意的 →__________ adj.令人满足的，使人有成就感的 6.________ v．评估，评价 →__________ n．估计；评价 7.______ v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于 →________ adj.逆来顺受的；顺从的 →___________ n．顺从；辞职 8.______ v．拒绝接受 →_________ n．拒绝；否决 fulfil fulfilment fulfilled fulfilling evaluate evaluation resign resigned resignation reject rejection 第二组：名词、形容词变形 9._________ n．医生 →________ adj.身体上的；物理的 →_________ n．物理学家 10. _________ n．建筑师 →____________ n．建筑风格，建筑设计 →_____________ adj.建筑学的；建筑方面的 11.____ adj.充满智慧的；明智的 →_______ n．智慧 →______ adv.聪明地；英明地 physician physical physicist architect architecture architectural wise wisdom wisely 12.______ adj.可接受的，相当好的 →________ adv.体面地；合适地 →_______ n．正派；得体 13.__________ adj.不慌不忙的，从容不迫的；故意的 →____________ adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地 14._________ adj.不情愿的；勉强的 →__________ n．不情愿 →___________ adv.不情愿地；勉强地 15.____ adj.纯的；纯洁的 →______ n．纯洁；洁净 →______ v．使洁净；净化 →________ n．不纯；杂质 →______ adj.不纯的 decent decently decency deliberate deliberately reluctant reluctance reluctantly pure purity purify impurity impure 形容词后缀 -ic/-(a)tic 表示“属于……的，具有……性质的”。 ①energy 精力→energetic 精力充沛的　 ②organ 器官；机构→organic 有机的　 ③enthusiasm 热情→enthusiastic 热情的　 ④history历史→historic 有历史意义的　 ⑤science 科学→scientific 科学的　 ⑥system 系统→systematic 系统的　　 掌握规律·词汇拓展 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)There are things you can do ________ (ease) this problem. 2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Program ___________ (evaluate) show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. 3.(2023·全国乙卷)Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a _________ (physical) and performed surgery. 4.Dr.Rowan，whose secretary ________ (resign) two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 5.He packed up his possessions slowly and ____________ (deliberate). 6.The general is reported to have authorized the __________ (withdraw) of troops from the fields. 7.There are several __________ (depart) for New York every day. to ease evaluations physician resigned deliberately withdrawal departures 8.His proposal was repeatedly ________．Her _________ of him made him go back into his shell.(reject) 9.The water in this well is very _____ but some people still worry about the ______ of tap water.We know their conclusions are ______ speculative.(pure) 10.He is a ____ man，and he can handle conflicts calmly and ______，so his _______ makes me admire him very much.(wise) 11.If you _____ your task ahead of time，you will have a sense of _________．(fulfil) 12.It is not clear whether the Internet causes __________ or _________ people are drawn to it.(depress) 13.The ________ decided to _______ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her ________ before he came to work.(employ) rejected rejection pure purity purely wise wisely wisdom fulfil fulfilment depression depressed employer employ employee Part 2　短语句式——教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 1．Obviously，many people ________________ the idea of building a new highway through the park. 2．Scientists have many theories about how the universe _______________． 3．As a native speaker，she is ______________ English. 4．We need to _________________ the environmental problems we are facing. break out of，at ease with，come about，twenty-four Solar Terms，take inspiration from，for good，in other words，seek solutions to，succeed in，on the edge of，come into being，resign oneself to，be supposed to do，be opposed to are opposed to came into being at ease with seek solutions to 5．She made a promise to him that when they got engaged she would give up cigarettes _________． 6．We had no idea where we were.________________，we couldn't get back along the original track at all. 7．After months of trying to change her situation，she ___________________ accepting things as they were. break out of，at ease with，come about，twenty-four Solar Terms，take inspiration from，for good，in other words，seek solutions to，succeed in，on the edge of，come into being，resign oneself to，be supposed to do，be opposed to for good In other words resigned herself to 8．You _________________ finish your homework before you go out with your friends. 9．The artist _______________________ nature when creating his beautiful landscape paintings. 10．She _____________ finishing her project before the deadline last week. break out of，at ease with，come about，twenty-four Solar Terms，take inspiration from，for good，in other words，seek solutions to，succeed in，on the edge of，come into being，resign oneself to，be supposed to do，be opposed to are supposed to took inspiration from succeeded in Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 1．他说得太快了，以至于不能清楚地表达自己的意思。(so...that...引导结果状语从句) He spoke _______________________________________． 2．比尔·盖茨的微软使他成为商界的一个奇才。(make＋宾语＋名词作宾语补足语) Bill Gates' Microsoft _________________________ in the business world. so fast that he couldn't express himself clearly makes him a phenomenon 返回 深度学习 拓展能力 返回 Part 1　核心词汇——多维练透 employ (教材义) v．使用，运用；(补充义) v．雇用 1 巧归纳 (1)employ sb to do sth 雇用/聘请某人做某事 (2)be employed in doing sth 忙于做某事 (3)employment n. 雇用；使用，利用；工作 ①In Japan，someone who witnesses another person _________ (employ) the gesture might think it means money. ②Men and women must be treated equally in education and __________ (employ). ③[应用文写作之人物介绍] 我妈妈是一位老师，她的时间都用在教学和照顾家人上。 My mother is a teacher whose time _____________________ and taking care of the family. ④(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. employing employment is employed in teaching be employed ease (教材义) n．舒适，悠闲；(补充义) v．减轻，放松；使容易 2 巧归纳 (1)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去放松 put sb at ease 使某人放松 (2)ease sb of... 减轻某人的…… ease the pain/pressure/burden 减轻疼痛/压力/负担 ①[读后续写之神态描写] 她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。 A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，__________________ ___________________． ②虽然她羡慕同龄人谈笑自如，但她的羞怯常常使她保持沉默。 While she envied _________________ her peers talked and laughed，her shyness often kept her quiet. ③杰夫把绳子的一端系在背上的皮带上，另一端系在皮艇上，慢慢地跳入水中。 With one end of a rope tied to a belt around his back and the other end to the kayak，Jeff ________________________． making us feel at ease/putting us at ease the ease with which eased himself into the water ④对于课业负担很重的高中生来说，打篮球是缓解巨大学习压力的最好方法，同时也能找到一些乐趣。 For high school students with heavy academic loads，playing basketball is the best way to ___________________________ and have some fun at the same time. ease the huge pressure of study Part 2　经典句式——写作迁移 句型公式：so...that...如此……以至于…… 巧归纳 (1)so...that...如此……以至于……，so为副词，修饰形容词；that 为连词，引导结果状语从句。 (2)so修饰形容词或副词，不修饰名词，但可在so many，so few后跟可数名词复数，在so much，so little后跟不可数名词。 ①[读后续写之场景心理描写] 在我们回家的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要多久才能到那里。 On our way to the house，it was _____________________________________ __________ how long it would take to get there. ②[读后续写之场景描写] 今年夏天这里雨水很少，我们不得不给菜园浇水。 There is __________________________________________ the vegetable garden. ③[应用文写作之建议信] 我相信这种分组方式非常合理，这将极大促进同学们练习口语的积极性，提高英语水平。 I believe this grouping method will ___________________ it will greatly promote the enthusiasm of students to practice oral English and improve their English level. raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering so little rain this summer here that we have to water be so reasonable that ④[中国元素] 长城是一个著名的旅游景点，每年有数百万人涌入。 The Great Wall is _________________________________ millions of people pour in every year. so well-known a tourist attraction that Part 3　语境辨义——举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2024·浙江1月卷) Without batting an eye he would quote a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. ________ 2．When she was sent to a boarding school, she felt as though her parents had rejected her. __________ 3．With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. ____________ 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly”(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. _____________________ v.使碰撞 v.不够关心 v.减轻，缓解 vt.(因质量不好而)废弃 5．You can send postcards for free, but the catch is that there's no postman to collect them. _____________ 6．If you are a partying animal, most of the fun will be at night along lower Alabama and Kenny's Alley where folk music blares from Banks and Shane and country and western pounds out of Miss Kitty's. _____________________ 7．Don't put on airs with me! _____________ 8．The little boy wolfed down his breakfast and then hurried to school. _______________ n.隐藏的困难 喜欢参加社交活动的人 n.神情；架势 v.狼吞虎咽地吃 Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．sow ①His speech sowed the seeds of doubt among the audience. _____ ②The farmer sows the fields with wheat every spring. _____ ③She sowed ideas of freedom in the minds of the students. _____ A．v.使密布 B．v.播(种) C．v.灌输 D．v.散布，激起 D B C 返回 2．bow ①She tied a bow on the gift package. _____ ②The tree bowed under the weight of the snow. _____ ③He bowed in respect as the queen entered the room. _____ A．n.弓 B．n.蝴蝶结 C．v.鞠躬 D．v.弯曲，低头 B D C 随堂巩固 深度拓展 返回 Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) 　　Many times，we take for granted the amazing lessons nature can teach us. For instance，the 1.____________ (architect) of a beehive is so superb that many modern architects take inspiration from it.Imagine a world where engineers seek solutions 2.___ complex problems in the way trees have converted sunlight into energy for millions of years. 　　The frontier of medicine is no different.Ancient 3.__________ (physician) observed animals and 4.________ (employ) their behaviors and methods.They understood that bears，after hibernation，always seemed at ease with the world.From this，we learned about sleep cycles and how to address 5.__________ (depress) symptoms without rejection. architecture to physicians employed depressive 　　Farmers have also been 6.________ (resign) to studying nature.They sowed seeds and watched them grow，learning about the seasons and what makes a decent crop.Even today，modern agriculture has not 7.________ (withdraw) from these fundamental observations. 　　8．____________ (domestic)，we can learn a lot too.A cat's ability to move gracefully might make us rethink furniture design.Animals have 9.________ (attain) a level of efficiency we have yet to match，yet our 10.__________ (evaluate) and respect for nature's own designs could lead to significant breakthroughs.Never doubt the knowledge we can take for granted from the natural world. resigned withdrew Domestically attained evaluation Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. [剖析]　本句是一个复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构 __________________ ______________________。starting with... 为动词-ing形式短语做伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰the forces。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ I describe the philosophical foundations 在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先考察了使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的因素，然后再详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is our hope that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. [剖析]　本句是一个复合句。主干为句型 __________________；in coming decades在从句中作时间状语；from which to study how people manage their lives为定语从句，修饰先行词perspectives。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________________ ________________________ It is our hope that... 我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。 返回 情境迁移 写作微练 返回 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——学习自然(实践课程) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 attain，rural，employ，wisdom，superb，at ease with，take inspiration from，seek solutions to 经典句型 动词不定式作目的状语；which引导非限制性定语从句；obtained动词-ed形式作定语 [情境呈现] 假定你是李华，你校今年开设了蔬菜栽培、传统工艺(handcraft)等实践课程。请你给外国好友 John写一封邮件，分享你的参与情况和体会。 [思路点拨] 人称 以第一人称为主 时态 以现在完成时为主 内容要点线索 第一段引出主题(写信目的)→第二段分别介绍这两个课的收获和感想→结尾总结 [写作输出] Dear John， 　　(1)__________________________________________________________ (我很高兴能分享我参加优秀实践课程的经历；superb) “vegetable cultivation and traditional handcraft” offered at our school this year. 　　In the cultivation class，we've learned to (2)________________________ _____________________________ (运用古老的乡村智慧来种植我们自己的农产品； employ，rural，wisdom；动词不定式作目的状语).(3)__________ ______________________________________________________________(获得这样的技能是令人着迷的，这让我觉得与自然自由相处； attain，at ease with; which引导非限制性定语从句). I'm thrilled to share my experiences with the superb practical courses employ age-old rural wisdom to grow our own produce It's fascinating to attain such skills，which makes me feel at ease with nature The handcraft sessions have encouraged us (4)___________________________ ____________________ (从自然中汲取灵感，创造出独特的作品；take inspiration from).(5)________________________________________________ _____________________________________________(这些课程激励我们用从自然中获得的方法来寻求解决现代问题；seek solutions to；obtained动词-ed形式作定语). 　　It's been an enriching journey，and I can't wait to share more with you. Best regards， Li Hua to take inspiration from nature to create unique pieces These courses have motivated us to seek solutions to modern problems using methods obtained from nature [变式表达] 填空并保持和句(5)意义一致。 These courses ___________ to solve modern issues ____________________． inspire us with nature's methods Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——个人做事习惯改变 (决心决定) [基础语料] 词汇 determination　　　　　　 决心 resolve 决定 decision 决定 commitment 承诺 intent 意图 choice 选择 mind 决定 will 意志 purpose 目的 词汇 make up one's mind 下定决心 come to a decision 做出决定 be determined to 决心要 句式 that/which引导定语从句； as if虚拟语气句型；省略引导词的定语从句 细节描写 1.With great determination，she set out to achieve her goal. 她下定决心去实现目标。 2.After much thought，she finally made up her mind. 经过深思熟虑，她最终做出了决定。 3.I've made my choice and I'm sticking to it. 我已经做出了选择，并且我会坚持。 4.They are determined to finish the project on time. 他们决心按时完成项目。 [情境呈现] (2025·东北三校一模·读后续写) 作者从小就擅长有计划地做事→如果学校作业未完，他会拒绝和朋友出去散步→作者不待在房间里，而是在楼上一个未使用的厨房里学习→作者的母亲担心他，用各种方法试图引诱他休息，但都未能成功→在大学期间，图书馆和宿舍取代了家里的厨房，作者依然坚持自己的计划和安排→即使在大学毕业后，作者对计划和时间表的需要和喜爱并未减少→然而，在今年夏天照看父母的房子时，作者意外地被番茄的生长所吸引，这使他开始考虑改变自己的习惯和计划→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第一人称 时态：一般过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给句子Finally，I gave in.可知，接下来要写作者最终决定放下工作，顺应内心的冲动去体验与番茄相关的活动，或者写作者如何走出他的计划安排，开始采摘番茄。 [写作输出] 　　Finally，I gave in.(1)___________________________________________ ____________ (我拿起了从朋友那里抄来的食谱； that/which引导定语从句).“Prepare a little bit of water with garlic and onions.Add...，”it read.I searched for 20 minutes in the kitchen cabinet and pulled out a huge white china pot.(2)________________________________________________________________________________________ (我洗了西红柿，切掉变质的部分，切成片扔进锅里).(3)_____________________________________________(我像淘金一样搅拌晃动着带汁水的西红柿片； as if虚拟语气句型).(4)________ ______________________________________________(与此同时，我打开音响，跟着Billy Joel唱歌).(5)_________________________________________ ________________ (后来我复习了在摇摆舞课上学过的舞步；省略引导词的定语从句). I picked up the recipe that/which I had copied down from a friend I washed the tomatoes，cutting away sections that were spoiled，and sliced and threw them into the pot I swayed the watery mixture as if I were washing gold Meanwhile, I turned on the stereo and sang along with Billy Joel Then I reviewed a step I'd picked up in my swing-dance class 返回 [变式表达] 用非谓语动词短语作状语改写句(4) _______________________________________________________ Meanwhile，turning on the stereo，I sang along with Billy Joel. 单元测评 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·山东省实验中学高三模拟) 　　With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects possess a great sense of direction.They manage to locate themselves and move through small openings. How do they do this with their limited brain power? Understanding the inner workings of an insect's brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen shows with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect. 　　It's not easy to make use of the images that come in through your eyes when deciding what your feet or wings should do.A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move, “Like when you're on a train，” Chicca explains.“The trees nearby appear to move faster than the houses far away.” Insects use this information to infer how far away things are.This works well when moving in a straight line, but reality is not that simple.To keep things manageable for their limited brain power, they adjust their behaviour: they fly in a straight line, make a turn, then make another straight line. 　　In search of the neural mechanism(神经机制) that drives insect behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to find the position.His model is based on one main principle: always head towards the area with the least apparent motion.He had his robot drive through a long passage consisting of two walls and the robot centered in the middle of the passage, as insects tend to do.In other virtual environments, such as a space with small openings, his model also showed the similar behaviour to insects. 　　The fact that a robot can find its position in a realistic environment is not new.Rather, the model gives insight into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently.In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient. 　　In the future, Chicca hopes to apply this specific insect behaviour to a chip as well.“Instead of using a general purpose computer with all its possibilities, you can build specific hardware; a tiny chip that does the job, keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient，” she comments. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了物理学家 Elisabetta Chicca的最新研究成果：一个模仿昆虫行为的机器人。该机器人能够帮助人们理解昆虫大脑的运作机制。文章还探讨了这种机制在提高计算机效能方面的潜在应用。 1．Why is “a train” mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To illustrate the principle of train motion. B．To highlight why human vision is limited. C．To explain how insects perceive distances. D．To compare the movement of trees and houses. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move，‘Like when you're on a train，’ Chicca explains...Insects use this information to infer how far away things are.” 可推知，本段提到火车是为了解释昆虫是如何感知距离的。故选C。 √ 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Schoepe's model? A．Its novel design. B．Its theoretical basis. C．Its possible application. D．Its working mechanism. 段落大意题。根据第三段可知， Schoepe研发了一个昆虫神经活动模型和一个使用该模型来找到昆虫位置的小型机器人。他的模型基于一个主要原则：总是朝着运动最不明显的区域前进。由此可知，本段主要讨论了 Schoepe 的模型的工作机制。故选D。 √ 3．What do the researchers think of the findings? A．Amusing. B．Discouraging. C．Promising. D．Contradictory. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 “In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.” 以及最后一段第一句可推知，研究人员认为这一发现可以让机器变得更有效率，并希望将昆虫的这种特殊行为也应用到芯片上。所以他们认为这一发现是有前景的。故选C。 √ 4．What will Chicca's follow-up study focus on? A．Inventing insect-like chips. B．Studying general-purpose robots. C．Creating insect-inspired computers. D．Developing energy-efficient hardware. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知， Chicca的后续研究重点是将昆虫的这种特殊行为应用到芯片上。故选A。 B (2025·苏北七市高三二测) 　　The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down．Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger.Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source. 　　According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest.For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground.The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps.This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly—the insets trapped by their evolution. 　　Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab.　The videos revealed that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it's behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving towards the ground. 　　Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations.Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats.The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night's feeding. 　　There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research, “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters.Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? Because we're facing a massive decline in insects around world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline，” Fabian said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光现象的研究。研究表明，昆虫被灯光吸引是因为进化导致的导航方式在人造光源附近失效，导致它们被困。这启示我们可以改变人造光源的方向，以更好地保护昆虫。 5．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly. C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically. 词义猜测题。根据画线词组所在句下文中的“Popular theories propose that”和 “Now researchers believe...contrary to current theories...”可知，流行的理论和目前研究人员所发现的内容相反，由此可推知：关于昆虫为何会在夜里聚集在灯光周围这一现象一直没有得到准确的定义和解释(因为只有 “流行的理论” )，直到最近科学家们找到了一个更加令人信服的答案。所以画线词组的意思应为 “准确地定义” 或者 “准确地解释”，C项与画线词组意思相近。故选C。 √ 6．Fabian's study finds that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ． A．they can't keep their balance B．they use improper flight attitude C．they lose track of which way is up D．they are attracted to lights from far away 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.”和“This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly”可知，Fabian通过研究发现飞蛾之所以在灯光周围不停地盘旋，是因为它们不知道哪个方向是向上的。故选C。 √ 7．What is the significance of the research finding? A．It may lead to better conservation of insects. B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of. C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night. D．It may raise concerns for insects' eating behavior. √ 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知， Fabian 认为这项研究可以带来有益的启示，即人造光源的方向很重要，我们应该改变照明环境，避免昆虫被困住。因为世界各地的昆虫数量正在大幅下降，夜间的人造光可能是导致这种数量下降的原因之一。由此可推知，这项研究的发现可能会帮助更好地保护昆虫，故选A。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night. B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects. C．How artificial light impacts insect populations. D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight. √ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光现象的研究。该研究发现昆虫因为进化会无休止地围绕人造光源转圈，这启示我们可以改变人造光源的方向，以更好地保护昆虫。所以B项 “为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫。” 能够概括文章的主旨大意。故选B。 Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分) (2025·福建适应) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mrs Flippen's class sat listening to a talk being given by a local author.Tucker sat absent-minded in one of the library chairs.Most of the students wanted to hear about the writer's work.Tucker did not. “Why bother？” Tucker thought to himself.He always received low marks on his writing assignments, no matter how hard he worked on them.He could never think of anything interesting to write about. “Does anyone have any questions？” Mrs Flippen asked her class. Tucker raised his hand, “How do you know what to write about？” 　　“Well, sometimes I don't，” the author replied.“It takes a lot of hard work to come up with ideas.” She reached down and pulled a worn-looking book from a cloth bag on the floor.“I find making a scrapbook(剪贴簿) helps.” 　　 Tucker sat up a little straighter in his seat.“What's in the book？” he asked. 　　“I fill it with pictures, stories, and notes about things that interest me.” The writer opened the scrapbook on her knee.“When I need an idea, I look through the book instead of staring at a blank page.” 　　Tucker thought about the author's scrapbook as he walked home.He thought about staring at a blank page each time he tried to write a story.Digging in his bookcase, Tucker found an old binder(活页夹).He filled the binder with notepaper from his desk.After supper, Tucker cut some pictures out of the newspaper.Then he drew some pictures of his own.He cut and pasted(粘贴) stories from his old magazines.Then he looked up the words he did not know and wrote down their meanings. 　　 In the days and weeks that followed, Tucker collected more ideas.He found that the more he collected, the easier it became to find things to collect. Tucker's book of ideas grew fatter and fatter. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 　　One morning, Mrs Flippen told the class about a story writing competition.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tucker wanted to win and he tried to make a good story.That night, Tucker looked through his scrapbook instead of staring at a blank page.　At first, nothing happened.Slowly, he began to fit pieces together like a puzzle.He picked a setting for his story from a picture.He used the name from an article for his character.Tucker's story started to grow.He worked on it every night until it came time to hand in the story. 　　Then came the day when the headmaster announced the result.__________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ However, the headmaster didn't call out Tucker's name.His story did not win.“Why did I try？” he thought to himself and sank into his chair, at a loss.“I know you are disappointed.Tucker，” Mrs Flippen said.“I want you to know I really like your story.It might not be the best in the class this time, but it is your best work so far.” Tucker smiled at Mrs Flippen and went to congratulate his classmates. 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 5　Learning from nature $