选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 A delicate world（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 5，紧扣高考评价体系，覆盖词汇变形、核心词汇运用、经典句式及写作微练等核心考点。通过梳理近三年高考真题，明确词汇拓展（如endanger→endangered）、what引导名词性从句等高频考点分布，归纳阅读理解、应用文写作等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于真题融入与素养提升，如核心词汇模块结合2023新课标Ⅰ卷trap的熟词生义，句式迁移运用2024浙江卷真题例句，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。写作微练提供“基础语料+情境模板”，助力掌握应用文“only+状语”倒装等技巧，教师可据此精准教学，学生高效冲刺高考。

高三一轮复习讲义 外研版 Unit 5　A delicate world 选择性必修 第二册 03 随堂巩固 深度拓展 02 深度学习 拓展能力 自主学习 夯实基础 01 内容索引 04 情境迁移 写作微练 05 单元测评 自主学习 夯实基础 返回 Part 1　单元词汇——分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.a relaxation session　　　　　 ______________ 2.dissolve quickly __________ 3.soil nutrients __________ 4.a handwritten postscript _______________ 5.the criterion for the survival ___________ 6.water and soil erosion _________ 7.a computer virus ______________ 8.immunity system __________ 9.collapse due to the heavy snow __________________ 10.coexist with the nature ___________ 放松一段时间 迅速溶解 土壤养分 一段手写体附言 生存的标准 水土流失 一种电脑病毒 免疫系统 由于厚重的雪倒坍 与自然共存 11.the halfway stage　　　　 __________ 12.temperature variation __________ 13.help students thrive ____________________ 14.a big appetite __________ 15.green vegetation __________ 16.fly at a high altitude ______________ 17.cultural heritage __________ 18.habitat destruction ____________ 19.substantial donations ____________ 中间阶段 温度变化 帮助学生们茁壮成长 胃口很好 绿色植物 在高海拔飞行 文化遗产 栖息地破坏 大量的捐赠 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 ________ v．比较，对比 →__________ n．比较 2._____ v．欢迎；打招呼 →________ n．问候，招呼 3.________ v．保护，保存 →____________ n．保护 →____________ adj.保守的 compare comparison greet greeting conserve conservation conservative 4.________ v．危害；使遭危险 →__________ adj.濒临灭绝的 →______ n．危险；危害 →_________ adj.有危险的；不安全的 5.______ v．离开；起程 →_________ n．离开 6.____ v．变化；不同 →_________ n．差异；变化 →_______ n．不同种类；变化 →_______ adj.各种各样的 endanger endangered danger dangerous depart departure vary variation variety various 7._____ v．存在 →_________ n．存在 →________ adj.现存的；现有的 →_______ v．共存，共处 8._______ v．突然增加 →_________ n．爆炸 →_________ adj.爆炸性的 9.______ v．侵略；涌入 →________ n．涌入 →_______ n.侵略者 exist existence existing coexist explode explosion explosive invade invasion invader 第二组：名词、形容词变形 10. ______ adj.视觉的 →________ adv.看得见地 →_________ v．使形象化；想象 11.________ n．养分，营养物 →__________ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 →_________ n．营养；滋养 12.______ n．戏剧 →________ adj.戏剧性的 →____________ adv.显著地 13._______ n．神秘的事情 →__________ adj.神秘的 visual visually visualize nutrient nutritious nutrition drama dramatic dramatically mystery mysterious 14.________ adj.显而易见的 →__________ adv.据说；看来，似乎 15.________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的 →________ v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 16.____ adj.稀有的，罕见的 →______ adv.罕有；很少 17.______ adj.安全的；稳固的 →________ n．保护措施；保证 →________ adv.安全地 18.__________ adj.后来的，随后的 →____________ adv.后来，随后 19.___________ adj.大量的，多的 →_____________ adv.非常；基本上 apparent apparently multiple multiply rare rarely secure security securely subsequent subsequently substantial substantially 形容词后缀-y表示天气、环境、特点等。 ①mist 薄雾→misty 有雾的　 ②wind 风→windy 有风的　 ③rain 雨→rainy 下雨的　 ④fog雾→foggy有雾的 ⑤cloud云→cloudy多云的　 ⑥dirt 泥土→dirty 脏的　 ⑦hand 手→handy 便利的　 ⑧thirst 口渴→thirsty 口渴的　 ⑨health 健康→healthy 健康的　 ⑩dust 灰尘→dusty 布满灰尘的　　 掌握规律·词汇拓展 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get _______ (trap) outside my house again，my local telephone box will，sadly，no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the _________ (depart) of the last bus to Prague. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting __________ (endanger) species across the ridges and valleys. 4.(2023·浙江1月卷)All camp ________ (session)are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. trapped departure endangered sessions 5.(2023·浙江1月卷)I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had __________ (apparent) not been used in many years. 6.If a building or other structure _________ (collapse)，it falls down very suddenly. 7.The species of bird is __________ (decrease) in numbers every year. 8.We hope that the tree he has planted _______ (thrive) well to provide protection to his family. 9.The times listed on the schedules are _________ (depart) times，not arrival times. 10.When the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals __________ (multiple) like crazy. apparently collapses decreasing thrives departure multiplied 11.The _____ has an interesting plot and a ________ ending.(drama) 12.This kind of flower is ____，and ______ do I see it.(rare) 13.Don't ________ your disadvantages with his advantages._________ with him，you are more easy-going.By __________，I think more people will be willing to make friends with you.(compare) 14.Some natural _________ of the ancient times are still __________ to people today.(mystery) 15.He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in ______．So I told him driving fast was _________ and if he didn't slow down，he would _________ our lives.(danger) drama dramatic rare rarely compare Compared comparison mysteries mysterious danger dangerous endanger Part 2　短语句式——教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 1．Many traditional languages are __________ because younger people don't speak them anymore. 2．The roadway was flattening under what ___________ to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. 3．I began collecting newspaper articles about new species，new monkey，new spider...，and ___________ they appear. owe...to...，develop an appetite for，be introduced to，or so，turn out，break down，on behalf of，participate in，die out，coexist with，once and for all，prey on，remove...from...，out of control，take in，in consequence，feed on，on and on，a substantial number of，fail to dying out turned out on and on 4．This was payback time.I've proved ___________________ I can become champion. 5．______________ all the villagers，I'd like to express our heartfelt thanks to all of you for your support. 6．There are some things in life that are ________________，like the weather or a flight that is two hours late. 7．He was very careless.______________,he failed the final exam last time. owe...to...，develop an appetite for，be introduced to，or so，turn out，break down，on behalf of，participate in，die out，coexist with，once and for all，prey on，remove...from...，out of control，take in，in consequence，feed on，on and on，a substantial number of，fail to once and for all On behalf of out of control In consequence 8．In the long run，technology can help make economic development _______ _____ conservation of the environment. 9．I _____ my success __ the support of my family and friends over the years. 10．I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him ________ get an A in the course. owe...to...，develop an appetite for，be introduced to，or so，turn out，break down，on behalf of，participate in，die out，coexist with，once and for all，prey on，remove...from...，out of control，take in，in consequence，feed on，on and on，a substantial number of，fail to coexist with owe to fail to Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 1．他很紧张，总是不知道自己在做什么。(what引导名词性从句) He was nervous and kept losing track of ____________________． 2．他也没有料到社区会如此热情地欢迎他。(nor置于句首引起的部分倒装) ______________________________________ from the community. what he was doing Nor had he expected such a warm welcome 返回 深度学习 拓展能力 返回 Part 1　核心词汇——多维练透 trap (教材义) n．夹子，陷阱；(补充义) n．圈套；牢笼，困境 v．设陷阱捕捉；使陷入圈套；诱捕；把……困在，使陷于(尤指危险之地) 1 巧归纳 (1)trap sb into(doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 (2)be/get trapped in... 被困在……中 (3)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套 ①The light aircraft then overturned，________ (trap) both men. ②The traveler _______ (trap) in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea. ③[应用文写作之求助信] 我读英语时，经常被一些不认识的单词难住，所以您能帮我个忙吗？ _________________________________ when reading English.So could you please do me a favor? ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what _____ (trap) they encountered that you should avoid. trapping trapped I'm often trapped in some new words traps owe (教材义) v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；(补充义) v．欠(钱)；欠(人情)，应该感激；归因于，归功于 2 巧归纳 (1)owe sb sth ＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 (2)owe...to... 把……归功于…… (3)owe it to sb that... 多亏某人…… (4)owing to 因为；由于 ①Bernard owed it __ the kind family that he could earn some money to help support his poor family. ②[应用文写作之人物描写] 当被问到他成功的秘诀时，这位伟大的科学家说他的成功和幸福很大程度上要归功于他对祖国和家人深深的爱。 When asked about the secret of his success，this great scientist said that he _______________________________________________ for the country and his family. ③[中国元素] 由于其丰富的文化遗产和多样的景观，中国已成为越来越受世界各地游客欢迎的目的地。 _______________________________________________，China has become an increasingly popular destination for tourists from around the world. to owed much of his success and happiness to his deep love Owing to its rich cultural heritage and diverse landscapes Part 2　经典句式——写作迁移 句型公式：what 引导的名词性从句 巧归纳 (1)what 引导名词性从句时，在从句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 (2)what 引导名词性从句，可表示“……的事情或东西；……的样子；所……的地方”等。 (3)that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)That way，you could exchange thoughts on ____ makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. ②[读后续写之主旨升华句] 决心和坚持是你征服恐惧和实现目标所需要的。 Determination and perseverance are _______________ to conquer your fear and accomplish your goal. ③(2024·浙江1月卷)几分钟前对她来说似乎是一项挑战性的任务，现在已经完成了。 ____________________________________ to her minutes before was now accomplished. ④(2024·九省联考读后续写)经过昨天的事，希尔达知道她在做什么。 After _________________________，Hilda knew _____________________． what what it takes What had seemed to be a challenging task what happened yesterday what she was doing Part 3　语境辨义——举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？ _______ 2．If you multiply 7 by 15 you get 105. ___________ 3．In warm weather these germs multiply rapidly. _______ 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. _______ 5．Afterwards，she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner，who finally agreed to sell Moore's product—CanCandy. ___________________________ 6．There has been a move away from nuclear energy. _______ v.吸收 v.乘，乘以 v.繁殖 n.会议 v.(尤指经过努力)获得，取得 n.转变 7．But the captain's courage, perseverance, and powerful will mastered every man on board, and we went to work again. _______ 8．The government is accused of ratting on its promises to the unemployed. ___________________ 9．Many years later, I was going to Europe on one of the finest ships that ever ploughed the waters of the Atlantic. ___________ n.意志 v.背弃做某事的诺言 v.破浪前行 Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．appetite ①His appetite for knowledge seemed insatiable. _____ ②She has a good appetite and enjoys three large meals a day. _____ ③There is an increasing appetite for organic food in the market. _____ A．n.食欲，胃口 B．n.需求 C．n.强烈欲望 D．n.爱好，兴趣 C A B 返回 2．explode ①The population in the city has exploded in the past decade. _____ ②The protesters exploded in anger when they heard the news. _____ ③The bomb exploded，causing massive damage to the building. _____ A．v.爆炸，爆裂 B．v.激增 C．v.突然爆发 D．v.推翻 B C A 随堂巩固 深度拓展 返回 Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) 　　In a delicate world，balance is crucial.When species' populations decrease，it 1.____________ (dramatic) affects the ecosystem.For example，the collapse of bee colonies leads to fewer flowers being pollinated.This，in turn，has multiplied the problems for plants that depend on bees. 　　2．____________ (subsequent)，humans had to step in with intervention to try and restore balance.3.____________ (conserve) efforts were made on behalf of endangered species.Despite good intentions，not everything went as planned.There were 4._________ (incident) caused by traps set to capture animals for research.Some subsequently escaped，creating a small 5._________ (explode) in local populations. dramatically Subsequently Conservation incidents explosion 　　In 6.__________ (compare) to other crises，the mystery of why such problems 7.__________ (apparent) occur is complex.We owe it 8.__ future generations to solve these issues.Researchers have shown that 9._________ (vary) in wildlife habits affects the whole planet.It's like a chain reaction；one departure can lead to another collapse. 　　Securely fixing these problems requires global attention. Often，a simple 10.________ (greet) from one concerned person can dramatically lead to larger conservation efforts.Everyone shares the appetite to protect our world，but it's a task that demands everyone work together. comparison apparently to variation greeting Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2024·全国甲卷)I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to：her stories always make my history textbooks come alive. [剖析]　本句为主从复合句。句子的主干为主谓宾结构 _________。后面跟宾语从句，省略引导词that。从句是主系表结构，what引导表语从句；冒号后面是对前面的an amazing person起解释说明作用。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ I guess... 我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。 2．(2023·全国甲卷)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more，they're increasingly being sighted by humans. [剖析]　本句为复合句。句子的主干为主谓结构 ______________________。As引导时间状语从句；where引导定语从句，修饰places。 [翻译]　___________________________________________________________ __________________________ they're...being sighted... 随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个多世纪以来从未出现过的地方，它们越来越多地被人类看到。 返回 3．(2022·全国甲卷)And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. [剖析]　本句为复合句。句子的主干为主谓宾结构 _______________，其后为省略that的宾语从句；宾语从句中going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego为动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰ships；最后的the southernmost tip of the South American mainland是同位语，解释说明Tierra del Fuego。本句使用了强调句型，被强调内容为地点状语in Chile。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________________ _____________________________ she discovered... 正是在智利她发现她可以获得从火地岛即南美大陆的最南端开往南极洲的最后一刻的低价船票。 情境迁移 写作微练 返回 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——大自然(保护野生动物) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 endangered，criterion，coexist; owing to，die out，in harmony with，respond to，on behalf of 句经典型 there is no doubt that句型；as引导非限制性定语从句；“only＋状语”倒装句 [情境呈现] 假定你是李华，毕业在即，你校英文报举办了以“Protecting wild animals”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇英文短文投稿，分享你的想法。 [思路点拨] 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 以一般现在时为主 内容要点线索 第一段引出主题(很多野生动物濒临灭绝)→第二段谈论认识和想法→结尾总结 Protecting wild animals 　　(1)__________________________________________________________ ______________________ (毫无疑问，由于人类活动，许多濒临灭绝的野生动物正在灭绝；endanger，die out，owing to; there is no doubt that句型).(2)______________________________________________________________________________________________(正如我们所知，善待动物就是善待自己，所以我们应该采取以下措施；as引导非限制性定语从句). First of all，the government should set criteria to reduce environmental pollution，and crack down on criminal activities such as illegal hunting of wild animals.(3)_____________________________________________________________________________________________(其次，为了与自然和谐相处，应该建立野生动物保护区并对其进行监测； in harmony with). There is no doubt that many endangered wild animals are dying out owing to human activities As is known to us，to be kind to animals is to be kind to yourself，so measures of the following should be taken Secondly，in order to be in harmony with nature，wildlife reserves should be established and monitored Additionally，schools should actively respond to and support the national call，increase publicity efforts，and raise students' awareness of wildlife protection. 　　(4)__________________________________________________________ _________________ (只有为保护野生动物做出贡献，我们才能与自然共存；coexist; “only＋状语”倒装句). Only by making contributions towards protecting wild animals can we coexist with nature [变式表达] 根据提示完成句子并保持与句(1)意义一致。 _____________________________ (不可否认)human actions _____________ _____________________________________________(造成了无数野生物种的减少和灭绝). There is no denying(the fact) that have led to the decline and extinction of numerous species of wildlife Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——大海里游泳遇险(多种“说”法) [基础语料] 词汇 whisper　　　　　　 低语 add 补充说 continue 继续说 shout 大喊 murmur 低语 exclaim 呼喊 scream 惊叫 chat 闲聊 speak up 大声说 词汇 talk over 讨论 speak out 发言 in a...voice 以……的声音 句式 holding动词-ing形式作状语；before引导状语从句 细节描写 1.We need to talk over the plan before we proceed. 我们需要在继续之前讨论一下计划。 2.He decided to speak out against the injustice. 他决定站出来反对不公正。 3.She exclaimed with joy when she saw the gift. 她看到礼物时高兴地呼喊。 4.The teacher shouted to be heard over the noise. 老师为了盖过噪音而大声喊叫。 5.She whispered sweet nothings into his ear. 她在他耳边低声细语着甜言蜜语。 [情境呈现] (2025·河南测试卷·读后续写) 主人公和哥哥去了一个因强水流而很少去的海滩→主人公在海里游泳，享受海浪→游得太远后，主人公试图返回海滩，但无法前进→感到疲倦和恐慌，主人公最终呼救→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第三人称 时态：一般过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给句子I began to think I might drown out there.可知，接下来要写主人公的绝望感和对可能溺水的恐惧，或者继续描述主人公的求生挣扎和心理活动。 Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——大海里游泳遇险(多种“说”法) [基础语料] 词汇 whisper　　　　　　 低语 add 补充说 continue 继续说 shout 大喊 murmur 低语 exclaim 呼喊 scream 惊叫 chat 闲聊 词汇 speak up 大声说 talk over 讨论 speak out 发言 in a...voice 以……的声音 句式 holding动词-ing形式作状语；before引导状语从句 细节描写 1.We need to talk over the plan before we proceed. 我们需要在继续之前讨论一下计划。 2.He decided to speak out against the injustice. 他决定站出来反对不公正。 3.She exclaimed with joy when she saw the gift. 她看到礼物时高兴地呼喊。 4.The teacher shouted to be heard over the noise. 老师为了盖过噪音而大声喊叫。 5.She whispered sweet nothings into his ear. 她在他耳边低声细语着甜言蜜语。 [情境呈现] (2025·河南测试卷·读后续写) 主人公和哥哥去了一个因强水流而很少去的海滩→主人公在海里游泳，享受海浪→游得太远后，主人公试图返回海滩，但无法前进→感到疲倦和恐慌，主人公最终呼救→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第三人称 时态：一般过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给句子I began to think I might drown out there.可知，接下来要写主人公的绝望感和对可能溺水的恐惧，或者继续描述主人公的求生挣扎和心理活动。 [写作输出] 　　I began to think I might drown out there.(1)_________________________ ______(就在这时，一个陌生人游到我跟前).(2)________________________ ____________________________________ (带着最后的希望，我聚集了所有的力量呼喊“救命”).(3)_________________________________________ (突然一个巨浪打在我身上，淹没了我的叫喊声).I choked on a big swallow of salty water and felt terrible.(4)______________________________________ _______________________________________________ (幸运的是，我的天使迅速接近我，用他强壮的手臂紧紧地抱住了我； holding动词-ing形式作状语).(5)_________________________________________________________ ________________ (我的基础知识提醒我要保持放松以免陷入黑暗世界丧失意识；before引导状语从句). Just then a stranger swam over to me With the last hope，I gathered all my strength to cry out“Help” Suddenly a huge wave hit me and drowned my cry Fortunately，my angel was swiftly approaching me，holding me tightly with his strong arm My basic knowledge reminded me to stay relaxed before I fell into a world of darkness [变式表达] 用as if结构改写句(1)，以使更加形象生动。 Just then a stranger ________________________________________________ _________． emerged as if by magic，swimming towards me with all his might 返回 单元测评 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·湖南高教联高三二模) 　　The California sea otter (海獭), once hunted to the edge of extinction, has staged a thrilling comeback in the last century.Now, scientists have discovered that the otters' success story has led to something just as remarkable: the restoration of their declining coastal marsh(沼泽) habitat. 　　Elkhorn Slough, a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay, had been experiencing severe damage.The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs, which fed heavily on the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.Coastal marshes like these are not only natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems. 　　The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial. California's coastlines were once alive with sea otters.Sadly, they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders.In the 1980s, conservation efforts aided these otters in reoccupying large areas of their former range.Now, Elkhorn Slough has the highest concentration of sea otters in California, with a population of about 100.By naturally feasting on crabs, the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.Brent Hughes, a scientist working alongside Angelini, led a three-year study.Their findings were clear: in areas with sea otters, crab numbers fell markedly.This led to a resurgence in plant growth, which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away. 　　As the sea otter population continues to restore, their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to increase.It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony.“My honest reaction was—this could become a classic in the literature，” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins.She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding.“Suddenly, sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州海獭的数量回升，对减少沿海海岸线侵蚀、维护生态环境平衡起到了重要作用。 1．What change did the disappearance of sea otters bring about? A．Fewer predatory crabs. B．More coastal plant life. C．Better water-cleaning effect. D．Worse coastal ecological balance. √ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的 “The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs, which fed heavily on the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.” 可知， Elkhorn Slough沿岸的沼泽遭受严重破坏的根本原因是滨蟹数量的增加。这些蟹以沼泽植物为食，因此削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。根据文章第三段中的 “Their findings were clear: in areas with sea otters, crab numbers fell markedly.” 可知，海獭对滨蟹有制衡作用。由此可推知，海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “resurgence” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Barrier. B．Advancement. C．Expansion. D．Revival. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文中的 “By naturally feasting on crabs, the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.” 可知，因为海獭以滨蟹为食，从而有助于植物的再生。画线词 resurgence 意为“复苏”，D项与画线词意相近。故选D。 √ 3．What is the author's purpose in quoting Lekelia Jenkins? A．To highlight the importance of coastal marshes. B．To introduce a new research study on sea otters. C．To demonstrate the practical benefits of sea otters. D．To emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的 “She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding.‘Suddenly, sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.’” 可推知，作者引用科学家 Lekelia Jenkins 的话是为了展示海獭(对人类)的实际益处(比如减少洪水灾害)。故选C。 √ 4．What message is conveyed from sea otters' impact? A．The necessity for controlled hunting. B．The interconnectedness of the ecosystem. C．The drawbacks of wildlife reintroduction. D．The need for human intervention in nature. √ 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过说明海獭对沿海生态系统的影响，传递出 “生态系统的相互关联性” 这一信息。故选B。 B (2025·青岛高三检测) 　　An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas” —eagles don't hunt flies—meaning that important ones shouldn't concern themselves with small, insignificant matters.But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles. 　　The story starts with the acacia trees(金合欢树) in an African wildlife area in central Kenya.Some of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species, which in turn defend the trees against herbivores(食草动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the trees' leaves.This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers. 　　But these ants are in trouble.Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree-protecting ants.This, in turn, sets off an entire chain of events that ends up influencing when and how lions can hunt. 　　This ant invasion affects one thing after the other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores, especially elephants.The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding.This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in. 　　“These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten and where，” said Todd Palmer, an ecologist from Florida. 　　The lions, which are already endangered, are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras.The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover.Instead, they are targeting water buffalo.But this also isn't the end of the story.Who knows what the lions' changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line? 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何影响狮子的捕猎方式。 5．What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Direct. B．Discourage. C．Identify. D．Seek. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文中的 “which in turn defend the trees against herbivores(食草动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the trees' leaves.This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores” 可知，蚂蚁对金合欢树具有保护作用。由此可知，蚂蚁还释放出可以阻止其他潜在攻击者的化学物质来保护金合欢树。deter意为 “阻止”，B项与画线单词意思相近。故选B。 √ 6．What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction? A．Cooperating with the “big-headed” ants. B．Damaging the hiding place for lions. C．Protecting the acacias from herbivores. D．Starting off the disturbance of the chain. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding.” 可知，大象吃金合欢树的速度是未被入侵地区的五到七倍。在寻找食物的时候，狮子没有更多的树可以用来躲藏。由此可知，在食物链中，大象破坏了狮子的藏身之处。故选B。 √ 7．The author mentions lions, zebras and water buffalo to show that ． A．animals fall victim to bigger ones B．the ecology is on the road to recovery C．animals are correlated in the ecosystem D．species are firmly positioned in the food chain √ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “‘These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten and where，’...” 和最后一段中的 “The lions...are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras.The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover.Instead, they are targeting water buffalo.” 可知，这些蚂蚁的入侵导致金合欢树被大量吃掉——这使得狮子在狩猎时失去遮蔽，并导致以斑马为食的狮子转而猎杀水牛。由此可推知，作者提到狮子、斑马和水牛是为了说明动物在生态系统中是相互关联的。故选C。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．What ecologists find about animals. B．Why African lions are endangered. C．How tiny ants affect the way lions hunt. D．How the law of the jungle works in Africa. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段中的 “But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles.” 可知，文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁是如何影响狮子的捕猎方式的。故选C。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·河北高三下适应测试) 　　Tired of traditional chlorinated (含氯的) pools? Consider a salt water pool, a popular trend in recent years. 　　A salt water pool is a type of swimming pool that uses a salt chlorine generator to produce its own supply of chlorine.This means instead of manually adding harsh (刺激性的) chemicals to a pool, the generator changes salt into chlorine and releases it into the water as needed. 1 They still contain levels of chlorine and other minerals, but the amount is significantly low. 　　What sets salt water pools apart from their traditional counterparts? With traditional chlorine pools, owners must monitor and adjust chemical levels regularly to maintain proper balance—too much or too little can cause major problems for swimmers. 2 With a salt water system set up in the pool, one doesn't have to spend as much time testing and adjusting chemical levels.The generator automatically produces enough chlorine based on the pool's size. 3 　　Have you ever been in a traditional chlorine pool and come out with red, irritated(刺痒的) skin or burning eyes? 4 Salt water pools, however, use a saltwater chlorination system that produces natural chlorine to treat the water, which is kinder to the skin and eyes.Plus, minerals like magnesium and potassium in salt water pools can benefit the skin. 　　 5 Salt water pools require fewer chemical additions and result in lower chlorine byproduct emissions.Since there's no need for chemical storage, there's less risk of accidents or spills. A．You'll leave a salt water pool feeling refreshed. B．Switching to salt water pools is also eco-friendly. C．This can be quite exhausting and time-consuming. D．It's no secret that chlorine can be harsh on the body. E．However, salt water pools are not completely chemical-free. F．So one doesn't have to worry about the strong smell of chlorine. G．It's like having an assistant manage the affairs while you just enjoy yourself! 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了盐水泳池相对于传统的含氯泳池的好处。 根据下文 “They still contain levels of chlorine and other minerals, but the amount is significantly low.” 可知， 空后一句表示盐水泳池仍然含有氯和其他矿物质。那么空处就需要一个表示转折的句子，说明盐水泳池并不是完全不含化学物质。E项 “然而，盐水池并非完全没有化学物质。” 符合语境。故选E。 　　A salt water pool is a type of swimming pool that uses a salt chlorine generator to produce its own supply of chlorine.This means instead of manually adding harsh (刺激性的) chemicals to a pool, the generator changes salt into chlorine and releases it into the water as needed.__________________________ ____________________________ They still contain levels of chlorine and other minerals, but the amount is significantly low. E．However, salt water pools are not completely chemical-free. 　　What sets salt water pools apart from their traditional counterparts? With traditional chlorine pools, owners must monitor and adjust chemical levels regularly to maintain proper balance—too much or too little can cause major problems for swimmers._____________________________________________ With a salt water system set up in the pool, one doesn't have to spend as much time testing and adjusting chemical levels.The generator automatically produces enough chlorine based on the pool's size. C．This can be quite exhausting and time-consuming. 根据上文“With traditional chlorine pools, owners must monitor and... major problems for swimmers.”可知，传统氯池必须定期监测，调整化学含量。那么空处就应承接上文，概括出传统氯池费时费力的特点。C项 “这会很累人，也会很耗时。” 符合语境。其中This 指代上文提到的内容。故选C。 With a salt water system set up in the pool, one doesn't have to spend as much time testing and adjusting chemical levels.The generator automatically produces enough chlorine based on the pool's size._______________________________ _________________________________________ G．It's like having an assistant manage the affairs while you just enjoy yourself! 根据上文 “The generator automatically produces enough chlorine based on the pool's size.” 可知，上文提到在安装了盐水池系统后，人们就不必花费那么多的时间测试和调整化学物质的水平了，因为发生器会根据泳池大小自动产生足够的氯。所以，空处应填一个说明盐水池系统的好处的句子。G项 “这就像让一个助理处理事务，而你只管尽情享受！” 符合语境。故选G。 　　Have you ever been in a traditional chlorine pool and come out with red, irritated(刺痒的) skin or burning eyes? ________________________________ ________________ Salt water pools, however, use a saltwater chlorination system that produces natural chlorine to treat the water, which is kinder to the skin and eyes.Plus, minerals like magnesium and potassium in salt water pools can benefit the skin. D．It's no secret that chlorine can be harsh on the body. 根据上文 “Have you ever been in a traditional chlorine pool and come out with red, irritated(刺痒的) skin or burning eyes？” 可知，空前一句提到在传统氯池中游泳后，人们可能会感到皮肤发红、刺痒或眼睛灼痛。由此可知，空处会指明产生这种情况的原因：氯对人体有刺激作用。D项 “氯对身体有害——这已经不是什么秘密了。” 符合语境。故选D。 　　_______________________________________________ Salt water pools require fewer chemical additions and result in lower chlorine byproduct emissions.Since there's no need for chemical storage, there's less risk of accidents or spills. B．Switching to salt water pools is also eco-friendly. 根据下文 “Salt water pools require fewer chemical additions and result in lower chlorine byproduct emissions.” 可知，本段主要说明了盐水泳池对环境有好处。B项 “改用盐水泳池也是环保的。” 能概括本段大意，符合语境。故选B。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 5　A delicate world $