选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕环境保护话题，整合核心词汇、多义单词、拓展词汇及重点句式等高考核心考点，按“分类识记-语境应用-检测巩固”逻辑架构知识点，通过词汇多维背诵、佳句过关、语篇串记等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络。 讲义创新采用“词汇-句式-语篇”三阶背诵法，融入熟词生义辨析（如seal的“密封、确定”等多义）和高考真题例句（如seize the opportunity），设计分层检测（单词、短语、佳句默写）及话题写作应用（环境保护倡议书），培养学生语言能力和思维品质。助力教师精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生词汇运用和话题写作的应考能力。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：环境保护 1．restore habitats to maintain ecological balance 　　 　　　 恢复栖息地以维持生态平衡 2．implement disposal regulations for carbon waste 执行碳废物处理的法规 3．originate innovative solutions for carbon disposal 创立碳处理的创新解决方案 4．recognize the importance of ecology in global reforms 认识到生态在全球变革中的重要性 5．promote trends in sustainable and habitable living 推动可持续和适宜居住的生活趋势 6．reduce carbon emissions through comprehensive reforms 通过全面改革减少碳排放 7．seize opportunities for ecological restoration projects 抓住生态修复项目的机会 8．undergo annual reviews of carbon reduction strategies 进行碳减排策略的年度审查 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义 1．basin [熟义]n.盆地；洗脸盆→[生义]n.港口；泊船处：the port city has a large basin 这个港口城市有一个大港湾 2．moderate [熟义]adj.适度的；温和的 v．节制→[生义]v.主持：moderate a panel discussion at the conference 在会议上主持小组讨论 3．enterprise [熟义]n.企业；事业→[生义]n.进取心： show enterprise and initiative in problem­solving 在解决问题时表现出进取心 4．seize [熟义]v.抓住；夺取→[生义]v.突然袭击： a sudden panic seized the crowd 人群突然陷入恐慌 5．policy [熟义]n.政策；方针→[生义]n.保险单： purchase a life insurance policy for protection 购买人寿保险单以获得保障 词组(二)　一词多义 1．seal n．海豹；印章；封条 v．密封；盖章；确定 ①a seal basking in the sun 一只海豹在阳光下晒太阳 ②affix a seal to the document 在文件上盖章 ③seal the envelope before mailing it 在邮寄前密封信封 ④seal the deal with a handshake 以握手确定交易 2．volume n．体积；容量；音量；册 ①calculate the volume of the cube 计算立方体的体积 ②increase the volume on the speakers 提高扬声器的音量 ③a large volume of traffic on the expressway 高速公路上大量的车流 ④a multi­volume encyclopedia set on the shelf 书架上的多卷百科全书 3．release v．释放；发布；放开 n．释放；发布；版本 ①release the prisoner from the cell 将囚犯从牢房释放 ②the company plans to release a new product 公司计划发布新产品 ③sign the release agreement before participating 参加前签署免责协议 ④the latest release of the software 该软件的最新版本 4.fuel n．燃料；刺激因素 v．加燃料；刺激 ①the car runs on unleaded fuel 这辆车使用无铅燃料 ②use encouragement to fuel their motivation 用鼓励来激发他们的动力 ③fuel the fire with more wood 用更多木头给火添燃料 5．fine adj.美好的；精细的；健康的 n．& v．罚款 ①have a fine time at the party 在聚会上玩得很开心 ②use a fine brush for detailed painting 用细毛刷进行细节描绘 ③pay a fine for parking illegally 为违章停车支付罚款 ④the judge will fine the offender 法官将对违法者处以罚款 6．submit v．提交；呈递；服从；屈服 ①submit a proposal for the project 为项目提交提案 ②you must submit to the authority 你必须服从权威 ③submit oneself to a thorough medical examination 接受全面的医学检查 阅读单词 1.methane　　 　 n．甲烷；沼气 2．dioxide n．二氧化物 3．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4．fossil n．化石 5．penguin n．企鹅 6．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的 7．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的 8．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林 9．waterway n．水道；航道 10．agenda n．议程表；议事日程 11．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 12．carbon n．碳 13.trend 　　 n．趋势；趋向；动向 14．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 15．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良 16．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱 17．garbage n．垃圾；废物 18．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动 19．graph n．图；图表；曲线图[近义：chart；diagram] 20．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积[助记：foot脚＋print印记] 拓展单词 1.starve vi.& vt.　 　 (使)挨饿；饿死 starvation n. 饿死 starving adj. 极饿的 2．habitable adj. 适合居住的 inhabitable adj. 不适宜居住的 3．sustain vt. 维持； 遭受； 承受 sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 sustainability n. 持续性； 能维持性 4．frequent adj. 频繁的；时常发生的 v. 常去，常到 frequently adv. 频繁地；经常 frequency n. 频率；频繁 5．restrict vt. 限制； 限定；束缚 restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 restricted adj. 受限制的 6．harmony n. 协调；和睦；融洽 harmonious adj. 和谐的 7．moderate adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt. 缓和；使适中 moderation n. 适度；适中；合理 8．submit vt.& vi. 提交；呈递；屈服 submission n. 提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 9.smog n.　　　　　 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物) smoggy adj. 烟雾弥漫的 10．origin n. 起源；源头；起因 original adj. 最初的；原始的 originally adv. 最初；起初 originate vi.& vt. 起源；发源；创立 11．conserve vt. 保存 conservation n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持 12．regulate vt. 约束，控制，管理；调节 regulator n. 监管者；监管机构 regulation n. 章程；规章制度 13．dispose vt. 处理；清除 disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理 disposable adj. 一次性的；用完即丢弃的 14．inspect vt. 检查；视察；检阅 inspection n. 检查；查看；视察 inspector n. 检查员；巡视员 15．tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许 tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 tolerance n. 容忍 重点短语 1.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人 2．dozens of 许多；很多 3．refer to 参考；涉及；指的是 4．have an impact on 对……产生影响[influence 的高级表达] 5．lead to 通向；导致[同义：result in] 6.contribute to 有助于；导致；为……作出贡献 7．set up 建立；开业；设立；制定 8．in effect 实际上；生效 9．end up 最终成为；最后处于 10．starve to death 饿死 11．now that 既然 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(There is no/little doubt that...) 2．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(It is one's responsibility to do sth) 3．Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.(“名词/代词/数词＋of＋whom”引导定语从句) 4．With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(It is believed that...) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖。 2．抓住每个机会来教育大家关于全球变暖的知识以及它的原因和影响是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。 3．以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，许多游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。 4．有了这些措施，人们相信，漓江的美会为后代保留下来。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　With moderate greenhouse gases，such as methane and carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere，Earth can sustain life.But comprehensive evidence shows that more heat energy than necessary exists because of us burning an increasing volume of fossil fuels.Hence，the warming trend has affected Earth's ecology and harmonious development.News reports are frequently broadcast about polar bears，seals and penguins that are starved to death because of the melting ice.Tropical jungles are destroyed，making them less habitable for animals.What human beings can't tolerate is that garbage is thrown everywhere，such as waterways and basins.Faced with the severe situations，worldwide governments have reformed policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and restore the sensitive ecology.Dozens of enterprises have submitted and implemented their conservation regulations，saying，“We will immediately carry out the disposal of the waste we produce.” Individuals can also seize every chance to reduce the carbon footprint in the daily life.Although Earth has undergone some ecological chaos，people from all over the world confidently say that those measures can create a sustainable world. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 随着适度的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳被释放到大气中，地球可以维持生命。但大量的证据表明，由于我们燃烧越来越多的化石燃料，热能存在量超过了生存所必需的量。因此，变暖的趋势影响了地球的生态及和谐发展。有关北极熊、海豹和企鹅因冰川融化而饿死的新闻报道频繁播送。热带丛林被破坏，使它们不太适合动物居住。人类不能容忍的是，垃圾随处乱扔，比如水道和盆地。面对严峻的形势，世界各国政府改革了相关政策来减少温室气体排放，恢复脆弱的生态环境。许多企业已经提交并实施了他们的保护条例，上面写着：“我们将立即采取措施处理我们产生的废物。”个人也可以抓住每一个机会来减少日常生活中的碳足迹。尽管地球经历了一些生态混乱，但来自世界各地的人们自信地说，这些措施可以创造一个可持续的世界。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．ecology 　 　 　 n．生态；生态学 2．carbon n．碳 3．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱 4．garbage n．垃圾；废物 5．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复 6．dozen n．(一)打；十二个 7．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的 8．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动 9．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 10．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放 11．habitable adj.适合居住的 12．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 13．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向 14．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 15．policy n．政策；方针；原则 16．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 17．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良 18．undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等) 19．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．the port city has a large basin 　　这个港口城市有一个大港湾 2．moderate a panel discussion at the conference 在会议上主持小组讨论 3．show enterprise and initiative in problem­solving 在解决问题时表现出进取心 4．a sudden panic seized the crowd 人群突然陷入恐慌 5．purchase a life insurance policy for protection 购买人寿保险单以获得保障 6．seal the envelope before mailing it 在邮寄前密封信封 7．calculate the volume of the cube 计算立方体的体积 8．increase the volume on the speakers 提高扬声器的音量 9．the company plans to release a new product 公司计划发布新产品 10．use encouragement to fuel their motivation 用鼓励来激发他们的动力 11．pay a fine for parking illegally 为违章停车支付罚款 12．you must submit to the authority 你必须服从权威 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饿死→starving adj.极饿的 2．sustain vt.维持； 遭受； 承受→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的→sustainability n．持续性； 能维持性 3．frequent adj.频繁的；时常发生的 v．常去，常到→frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequency n．频率；频繁 4．restrict vt.限制； 限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restricted adj.受限制的 5．harmony n．协调；和睦；融洽→harmonious adj.和谐的 6．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中→moderation n．适度；适中；合理 7．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 8．origin n．起源；源头；起因→original adj.最初的；原始的→originally adv.最初；起初→originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立 9．dispose vt.处理；清除→disposal n．去掉；清除；处理→disposable adj.一次性的；用完即丢弃的 10．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．in effect　　　 　　 实际上；生效 2．end up 最终成为；最后处于 3．now that 既然 4．refer to 参考；涉及；指的是 5．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人 6．dozens of 许多；很多 7．have an impact on 对……产生影响 8．lead to 导致；通向 9．contribute to 有助于；导致；为……作出贡献 10．set up 建立；开业；设立；制定 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖。(There is little doubt that...) There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 2．抓住每个机会来教育大家关于全球变暖的知识以及它的原因和影响是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。(It is one's responsibility to do sth) It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 3．以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，许多游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。(“数词＋of＋whom”引导定语从句) Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死→starving adj.极饿的 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)I felt like I was starving for inspiration, and being surrounded by nature really helped me unleash my creativity.我感觉自己急需灵感，而置身于大自然中真的帮助我释放了创造力。 【用法归纳】　 ◎starve to death 　 　　　 饿死 ◎be starving for sth 渴望某物 ◎be starving to do sth 渴望做某事 ◎die of/from starvation 饿死 【写作语料】　 ◎starve for peace 渴望和平 ◎starve to go abroad for further study渴望出国深造 ◎on the brink/verge of starvation 处于饥饿的边缘 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①The drought led to widespread crop failure, leaving millions of people on the brink of starvation (starve). ②他渴望探索新文化，急切地接受了出国工作的机会。 Starving to explore new cultures, he eagerly accepted the opportunity to travel abroad for work. ③这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边乞讨，否则就会饿死。[动作描写] Penniless and starving，the child stood near the road and begged for a meal，otherwise he would starve to death． seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制； 理解 【高考真题】　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)In that moment, I felt like I had seized an incredible opportunity.在那一刻，我觉得自己抓住了一个难以置信的机会。 【用法归纳】　 ◎seize the opportunity to do sth 抓住机会做某事 ◎seize control of sth 控制某物 ◎seize sb by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 ◎表情感的名词＋seize sb＝sb be seized with/by＋表情感的名词，表示“某人感到……” 【写作语料】　 ◎seize every chance to speak English 抓住一切机会去说英语 ◎be seized by panic/fear/terror 充满恐惧 ◎be seized by happiness/excitement/desire/curiosity 满心欢喜/非常兴奋/跃跃欲试/好奇心大起 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我们应该感激我们从生活中获得的东西，并抓住每一个机会来帮助他人。 We should appreciate what we have obtained from life and seize every opportunity to help others． ②我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。[恐惧心理描写] The moment I saw my father's cloudy face，panic seized me/I was seized with/by panic． ③警察看到了一个小偷，冲向前抓住了小偷的胳膊。[动作链描写] The policeman spotted a thief，charged forward and seized him by the arm． submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)David wiped his tears and held his head high，remarking determinedly，“I won't submit (myself) to others' thoughts.”大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”[眼部＋头部动作描写] 【用法归纳】　 ◎submit to sb/sth 屈服于某人/某事物 ◎submit sth to sb 向某人提交某物 【写作语料】　 ◎submit an application 提交申请 ◎submit to a medical examination 接受体检 ◎submit to one's fate 听天由命 ◎decline to submit to hardships 拒绝向困难屈服 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①In a show of submission (submit) , the defeated king knelt before the conqueror, offering his crown. ②记得在2025年5月30日前将你的论文提交到Englishcorner@126.com。[告知信] Remember to submit your essays to Englishcorner@126.com before May 30，2025. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerance n．宽恕；忍耐；容忍→tolerant adj.忍耐的；宽容的 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)I took a deep breath and replied, “I won't tolerate anyone making fun of you. You are brave, and your friends are here to support you.” 我深吸一口气，回答道：“我不容许任何人嘲笑你。你很勇敢，你的朋友们会在这里支持你。” 【用法归纳】　 ◎tolerate (sb) doing...容忍(某人)做…… ◎be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容 ◎have a high/low tolerance for sth 对某事物有高/低容忍度 【写作语料】　 ◎racial tolerance 种族包容 ◎a tolerant society 宽容的社会 ◎be tolerant of different opinions 包容不同意见 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①I literally wouldn't tolerate being woken (wake) up by the noise of drum at midnight. ②The school promoted a tolerant (tolerate) environment, encouraging students to respect and appreciate their differences. ③在任何情况下，我们都不能容忍一些人破坏我们的环境。[环境保护] Under no circumstances can we tolerate some people destroying our environment． restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)In ancient times, transportation was primarily restricted to walking, horseback riding, and using carts.在古代，交通主要局限于步行、骑马和使用马车。 【用法归纳】　 ◎be restricted to 限制(在某范围) ◎restrict sb to (doing) sth 约束某人(做)某事 ◎impose restrictions on sth 对某事物实施限制 ◎lift restrictions on sth 解除对某事物的限制 【写作语料】　 ◎age restriction 年龄限制 ◎without restriction 无限制地 ◎severe restrictions 严格限制 ◎restrict one's freedom 限制某人的自由 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Schools demand that during holidays students' online time (should) be restricted (restrict). ②父母应该约束孩子看电视，这对他们的视力健康非常重要。 Parents should restrict children to watching TV, which is of great importance to their eye health. ③我写信告诉你该比赛只允许18岁以下的选手参加。[告知信] I'm writing to tell you that the competition is restricted to players under eighteen. on behalf of sb 代表(代替)某人 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)On behalf of/Representing the Students' Union, I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show. 我很荣幸代表学生会邀请你来参加我们的现场访谈节目。 ◎on one's behalf　　 代表某人 ◎represent sb 代表某人 ◎stand for 代表，象征 【写作语料】　 As the team captain, she accepted the championship trophy on behalf of her teammates, acknowledging their hard work and dedication. 作为队长，她代表队友接受了冠军奖杯，感谢他们的辛勤工作和奉献精神。 【语境运用】　一句多译/完成句子 ①我代表学校对您的到来表示诚挚的欢迎。 →On behalf of my school, I welcome you to our school warmly and sincerely. →Representing my school, I extend my sincere welcome for your arrival at our school. ②我有幸能代表学校参加全国舞蹈比赛。 I'm lucky to have the opportunity to participate in the national dancing competition on behalf of our school. 句式：There is no/little doubt that... 【教材原句】　There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖。 【用法归纳】　 doubt的常见句型： ◎There is no doubt that...　　　　　　　　　　 　　　毫无疑问…… ◎There is some doubt whether... 关于(是否)……还有些疑问 ◎I doubt whether/if.../I have some doubt whether... 我怀疑…… ◎I don't doubt that.../I have no doubt that... 我毫不怀疑…… 【写作佳句】　 ①There is little doubt that the rapid advancement of technology has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. 毫无疑问，技术的快速进步已经改变了我们生活、工作和交流的方式。 ②(2023·浙江1月卷)Undoubtedly，/There is no doubt that I gained numerous knowledge on plants and have become interested in them through this meaningful activity. 毫无疑问，我获得了许多关于植物的知识，并通过这个有意义的活动对它们产生了兴趣。 ③I doubt whether the project will be completed on time, given the current pace of work. 我怀疑在目前的工作进度下，项目是否能按时完成。 【仿写借鉴】　单句填空/一句多译 ①(2021·浙江卷)I doubted whether/if my parents would agree that I had the right to manage my earnings. ②There is some doubt whether I can inspire him to study hard to achieve his goal. ③毫无疑问，有规律的锻炼和均衡的饮食有助于整体的健康和福祉。 →There is little/no doubt that regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to overall health and well­being. →Without doubt，regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to overall health and well­being. →Undoubtedly，regular exercise and a balanced diet contribute to overall health and well­being. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．seal A．n.海豹　B．n.印章　C．n.封条　D．v.密封　E．v.确定 ①The document was sealed with a wax stamp for security. D ②The seal swam gracefully in the ocean, delighting tourists. A ③He used a seal to authenticate the letter officially. B ④They decided to seal the deal with a handshake agreement. E ⑤The envelope had a decorative seal on it for elegance. C 2．volume A．n.体积 B．n.容量 C．n.音量 D．n.册 ①The volume of the container is two liters, perfect for liquids. B ②Please lower the volume on the TV; it's too loud now. C ③The library has a rare volume of Shakespeare's works displayed. D ④Calculate the volume of the cube using the given dimensions. A 3．release A．v.释放 B．v.发布 C．n.释放 D．n.版本 ①The prisoner was released after serving his sentence, eager for change. A ②The company plans to release a new product next month, generating excitement. B ③The latest release of the software includes new features and improvements. D ④The release of tension was palpable after the announcement of good news. C 4．fuel A．n.燃料 B．v.加燃料 C．v.刺激 ①The car runs on diesel fuel, which is efficient for travel. A ②His words only served to fuel the argument, worsening the situation. C ③They stopped to fuel the car before continuing their journey home. B 5．fine A．adj.(天气)晴朗的　B．adj.精细的　C．n.罚款　D．v.罚款 ①The weather today is fine and sunny, perfect for a picnic. A ②The judge decided to fine the offender for repeated violations. D ③She paid a fine for parking illegally in a restricted area. C ④Use a fine brush for detailed painting to achieve the best results. B 巧借词根spect推测词义 spect 词根：表示观察、检查、看、注视等含义 [本单元]inspection n．检查；查看；视察；检阅 [相关词]①inspect vt.检查，视察　②respect vt.尊敬，尊重　③suspect vt.怀疑 n．嫌疑犯 ④expect vt.期待，期望 1．The prospect of a promotion motivated her to work harder and stay focused. [词义]pro(向前)＋spect(看)→prospect n．前景 2．The inspector carefully examined the building to ensure it met safety standards. [词义]in(进入)＋spect(看)＋or(名词后缀，表示人或物)→inspector n．检查员 3．The spectators cheered loudly as their team scored the winning goal. [词义]spect(看)＋ator(名词后缀)→spectator n．观众 4．The scientist used a spectrometer to analyze the chemical composition of the sample. [词义]spect(引申为：“光谱”)＋meter(测量仪器)→spectrometer n．光谱仪 5．The retrospective exhibition showcased the artist's works from the past three decades. [词义]retro(向后)＋spect(看)＋ive(形容词后缀)→retrospective adj.回顾的 6．The unexpected turn of events left everyone in the room completely speechless. [词义]un(否定)＋expect(期望)＋ed→unexpected adj.意外的 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．It was not the duration of the work but the frequency (frequent) of working overtime that worried me. 2．In spite of challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline to submit to them. 3．To be honest，my tolerance (tolerate) is not limitless，so I will not be always tolerant of your rude behavior. 4．The traffic policeman seized the driver who violated regulations by the arm and intended to fine him. 5．What shocked the scientists was that many seals died from starvation (starve) because they couldn't find enough food to eat. 6．The concert was broadcast (broadcast) live and attracted the largest number of audience in the history of television. 7．The dentist was sensitive to criticism，so she couldn't accept criticism from others. 8．The surgeon can't tolerate being disturbed (disturb) by others when he is absorbed in reading. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．The ships docked in the basin for unloading their cargo.n.港口 2．Her enterprise in organizing the event was impressive and successful.n.进取心 3．A sudden panic seized the crowd as the fire alarm sounded.v.突然袭击 4．He purchased a life insurance policy last year to protect his family.n.保险单 5．Scientists are studying different ecotypes to understand how plants adapt to various environmental conditions, aiming to improve agricultural yields and ecological conservation. ◎eco­(生态……)＋type(类型)→ecotype n．生态型 6．The portable charger is convenient for travelers who need to keep their devices powered on the go. ◎port(拿，持)＋able(可……的)→portable adj.可携带的，便携式的 (一)应用文写作[倡议书——环境保护] (2025·镇江高三第一次调研)假定你是李华，你校学生会即将举办一次以“Earth Guardian”为主题的环境保护运动，请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，倡导大家积极参与该活动，内容包括： 1．地球环境的现状；2.该运动的目的和要求； 3．号召大家积极参加。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开头点出倡议目的 1．毫无疑问，人类的许多活动已经对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的破坏。 There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our earth mother. 第二段：具体介绍倡议内容 2．在此，我代表学生会提议，我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。 Here，on behalf of the students' council，I make a suggestion that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation. 3．我们是时候采取各种方法来保护地球免受污染了。 It's (high) time that we took/should take various methods to protect the earth from pollution. 4．为了建设一个更加和谐、可持续发展的社会，我们发起了一项名为“地球守护者”的活动，旨在采取有效和切实可行的措施来保护环境。 To build a more harmonious and sustainable society，we have launched a campaign named “Earth Guardian”，which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect the environment. 5．有兴趣参加这项活动的同学必须在10月1日之前提交申请书和相关材料。 Those who are interested in the campaign must submit your application and relevant materials before October 1st. 第三段：最后点出期待 6．我真诚地希望你们能抓住这个宝贵的机会，立即加入我们。 I sincerely hope that you can seize the precious chance and join us immediately. [构建语义场——环境保护] 1．环境保护措施 ①conserve water 节约用水 ②save energy 节能 ③use renewable resources 使用可再生资源 ④protect wildlife 保护野生动物 ⑤reduce carbon footprint 减少碳足迹 ⑥ban single­use plastics 禁止一次性塑料 ⑦promote sustainable practices 推广可持续做法 2．环境问题 ⑧climate change 气候变化 ⑨global warming 全球变暖 ⑩air pollution 空气污染 ⑪water pollution 水污染 ⑫deforestation 森林砍伐 ⑬habitat destruction 栖息地破坏 ⑭loss of biodiversity 生物多样性丧失 ⑮overfishing 过度捕捞 3．环保意识 ⑯raise awareness 提高意识 ⑰participate in clean­up events 参加清理活动 ⑱volunteer for conservation projects 志愿参与保护项目 ⑲promote eco­friendly products 推广环保产品 ⑳encourage sustainable lifestyle 鼓励可持续生活方式 4．环保理念 ㉑live sustainably 可持续生活 ㉒think globally, act locally 全球思考，地方行动 ㉓respect nature 尊重自然 ㉔value ecosystems 重视生态系统 ㉕prioritize conservation 优先保护 ㉖cherish natural resources 珍惜自然资源 ㉗build a harmonious and sustainable society 建设一个和谐的可持续发展的社会 (二)读后续写[环境保护话题＋脚部动作描写] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [环境描写]　ecology；habitable；sustainable；footprint；basin；jungle；harmonious adj.→harmony n．；moderate；tropical；sensitive；waterway [动作描写]　melt；starve；release；broadcast；restrict；reform；undergo；submit；restore v．→restoration n．；fine；tolerate v．→tolerant adj.→tolerance n． 佳句 1.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.(环境描写) 2．The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well­known tourist destinations in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.(环境描写) 3．In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.(情感描写) 4．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(主旨升华) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 tiptoe v．踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走；barefoot adj.& adv.赤脚；spring v．跳；跃；creep v．悄悄地缓慢行进；kick v．踢limp v．跛行、一瘸一拐地走hop v．单脚跳in bare feet 光脚；get/rise to one's feet 起立；struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来；jump to one's feet猛地站起来；spring to one's feet一跃而起；leap to one's feet 跳起来；be rooted to the ground 双脚钉在地上；stamp one's feet 跺脚 佳句 1.The dancer, who had been practicing for months, gracefully tiptoed across the stage. 这位舞者已经练习了几个月，她优雅地踮着脚尖穿过舞台。 2．Disappointed and frustrated，the poor man dragged his feet back home. 这个可怜的人既失望又沮丧，拖着双脚回家了。 3．He leapt/jumped/sprang to his feet/jumped up and rushed out of the living room. 他一跃而起，冲出起居室。 4．He was so worn out that he lifted his feet to leave as if they were 100 kilos.(比喻) 他是如此疲惫以至于抬脚离开时好像双脚有千斤重。 5．He had twisted his ankle and was limping.他扭伤了脚踝，一瘸一拐地走着。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　Jack兄弟两人从小在海边乡村快乐地长大，但是后来被父母带到城市，接受更优良的教育，然而兄弟俩怀念乡村惬意的生活，返回乡村寻找童年的快乐，但是回到乡村后，兄弟俩对眼前的污染感到震惊，决定捡拾海水中的垃圾，使海边乡村恢复美丽…… [续写构思]　决定解决污染问题→组织海滩清理工作开始清理→越来越多的人加入→恢复心爱的大草原的美丽 　　听到祖父的话，我们迫不及待地想做点什么来解决污染问题。我们跳了起来，决定组织一次海滩清理工作。在祖父母和一些愿意工作的村民的帮助下，我们收集了袋子和手套，开始工作。我们蹑手蹑脚地沿着岸边走着，捡起了我们能找到的每一块垃圾。任务很艰巨，但我们下了决心。在我们工作的过程中，更多的村民因受到我们努力的激励而加入了我们。到一天结束时，我们已经收集了一堆垃圾。虽然疲惫不堪，但我们还是有一种成就感。我们知道这只是一个开始，但我们希望通过持续的努力，我们可以恢复我们心爱的大草原的美丽。 　　Hearing grandfather's words, we couldn't wait to do something to tackle the pollution.We ①jumped to our feet and decided to organize a beach cleanup.With the help of our grandparents and a few willing villagers, we ②gathered bags and gloves and set to work.We ③crept along the shore, picking up every piece of trash we could find.The task was hard, but we were determined.As we worked, more villagers joined us, ④inspired by our efforts．By the end of the day, we had collected a mountain of garbage.Though exhausted, we ⑤felt a sense of accomplishment．We knew it was just the beginning, but we were hopeful that ⑥with continued effort, we could restore the beauty of our beloved Savanna. (时间：30分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·湖北八校协作高三联考)Damian Stefaniuk and his colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a novel energy storage device—a supercapacitor—using three basic, inexpensive materials: water，cement，and soot(煤烟灰)—like the substance called carbon black, a highly conductive substance. Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways.They can be charged much more quickly than a lithium(锂)battery and don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance.But supercapacitors also release the power they store rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops or electric cars where a steady supply of energy is needed over an extended period of time. Yet according to Stefaniuk, carbon­cement supercapacitors could make an important contribution to efforts to decarbonise the global economy.“If it can be scaled up, the technology can help solve an important issue—the storing of renewable energy，” he says. He and his fellow researchers at MIT and Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, envision several applications for their supercapacitors. One might be to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road.The rapid release of energy from the carbon­cement supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries.Another would be as energy­storing foundations of houses—“to have walls, or foundations, or columns that not only support the structure but also store energy，” says Stefaniuk. But it is still early days.For now, the concrete supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt­hours per cubic metre—enough to power a 10­watt LED light bulb for 30 hours.The power “may seem low compared to conventional batteries, but foundations with 30－40 cubic metres of concrete could be sufficient to meet the daily energy needs of a residential house，” says Stefaniuk.“Given the widespread use of concrete globally, this material has the potential to be highly competitive and useful in energy storage.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种新型超级电容器，它使用水、水泥和煤烟灰制成，具有快速充电和长寿命的特点，适合储存可再生能源。尽管这种电容器能量密度低于传统电池，但它成本低廉并且拥有广泛的应用前景，是能源储存的有力竞争者。 1．What might be an advantage of supercapacitors? A．They require little care. B．They are lighter in design. C．They discharge power in a stable manner. D．They continue to work effectively over time. D　[细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的“don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance”可知，超级电容器不会遭受同样的性能退化。由此可见，超级电容器相比于其他电池，能够在长时间使用后保持较好的性能，这是超级电容器的一个优势。故选D项。] 2．How does the author highlight the applications of supercapacitors? A．By giving instructions. B．By providing examples. C.By making comparisons. D．By presenting cause and effect. B　[推理判断题。文中第四段的“envision several applications for their supercapacitors”讲到研究者为他们研发的超级电容器设想了几种应用。再根据第五段中的“One might be to create roads...they drive along a road”可知，一种可能是创建能够储存太阳能并在电动汽车沿道路行驶时给车无线重新充电的道路；根据第五段中的“Another would be as energy­storing foundations of houses”可知，另一种可能是作为房屋的能量储存地基。由此可知，作者通过提供超级电容器可能的两个应用场景来强调其用途。故选B项。] 3．What is the challenge faced by the widespread use of supercapacitors? A．They are not conductive enough for practical use. B．They store less energy than conventional batteries. C．They are made from materials that are difficult to obtain. D．They require highly specialized manufacturing equipment. B　[细节理解题。根据文中最后一段中的“the concrete supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt­hours per cubic metre...‘may seem low compared to conventional batteries’”可知，混凝土超级电容器可以储存每立方米略低于300瓦时的能量——与常规电池相比，这种能量可能看起来低。故选B项。A项“它们的传导性不够强，无法实际使用”；B项“它们储存的能量少于常规电池”；C项“它们由难以获得的材料制成”；D项“它们需要高度专业化的制造设备”。] 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To present a problem. B．To explain a process. C．To introduce a solution. D．To advocate an action. C　[写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“Given the widespread use of concrete globally...competitive and useful in energy storage”可知，文章主要介绍了一种可存储可再生能源的新型超级电容器，虽然其能量可能看起来低，但鉴于全球广泛使用混凝土，这种材料有潜力在能量储存方面极具竞争力和实用性。由此可知文章主要说明了超级电容器作为一种解决方案的潜力和实用性。故选C项。] B (2025·浙江省新阵地教育联盟高三第一次联考)Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food.Making bigger changes—like swapping a frozen meat lasagne(宽面条)for the vegetarian option—could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in higher­income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7, 000 Australian households in The George Institute's FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact data sets.More than 22, 000 products were assigned to major, minor and subcategories (e.g.“bread and bakery”， “bread” and “white bread”， respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups.Making switches within the same subcategories of foods could lead to emissions reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road.Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emissions reductions of 70%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like­for­like products.“It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods，” Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research.Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its “Planetary Health Rating”， a measure of its emissions from half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much­needed first step in providing environmental transparency(透明度)for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products，” concluded Prof.Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的澳大利亚研究，该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料来减少温室气体排放这一方式。 5．What's the function of Paragraph 2? A．To set the stage for further explanation. B．To summarize the previous paragraph. C.To give supporting details for the writer's argument. D．To make a comparison between different countries. A　[写作意图题。第二段中Dr Allison Gaines谈到“Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets”(如果我们要实现全球排放目标，饮食习惯需要发生重大改变)，承接第一段的研究结果。下文谈到“they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options”，说明消费者缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择(引出问题)，那么接下来应该会进一步解释什么样的选择更环保，对比不同选择带来的不同结果(作出解释/提供方法建议)，故选A。A项“为进一步的解释创造条件”；B项“总结上一段”；C项“为作者的论点提供支持性信息”；D项“在不同国家之间进行比较”。] 6．[新考法：研究类说明文中反复出现的设题角度]Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To measure emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“make a detailed classification for products”可将答案定位在第三段中。根据“More than 22，000 products...to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups”可知，超过22 000种产品被分类，以量化通过类别内和类别间转换而节省的排放量。也就是说，研究人员对产品进行详细的分类是为了测量更换食物所节省的排放量，故选C。该选项是对文中的“to quantify emissions saved...groups”的同义转换。] 7．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in higher­income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. D　[细节理解题。文章第五段谈到了“A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed”“Shoppers can use their device...its emissions from half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions)”。由此可知，ecoSwitch是一款免费应用程序，购物者可以使用他们的设备扫描产品条形码，并查看其“地球健康等级”，该等级是其排放物的评判标准，从半星(高排放量)到五星(低排放量)。也就是说，ecoSwtich能帮助购物者购买更加环保的食物，故选D。A项“它在高收入国家受到欢迎”；B 项“它检查星级产品的排放物”；C项“这是超市的测量系统”；D项“它确保了更明智的食品购买选择”。] 8．What's the best title for the text? A．EcoSwitch—a Reminder of Food Safety B．Dietary habits—a Factor in Physical Health C．Food swaps—a Way of Environmental Sustainability D.Greenhouse gas emissions—a Cause of Environmental Crisis C　[主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段的介绍可知，文章主要谈到通过选择相似但更环保的食物可以减少家庭食品杂货产生的温室气体排放，故C项为最佳标题。A项“EcoSwitch——食品安全提醒”；B项“饮食习惯——身体健康的一个因素”；C项“食物调换——环境可持续发展的一种方式”；D项“温室气体排放——环境危机的一个原因”。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)Cooking has always been a small enjoyment of mine.About a decade ago, I found great 1 in creating delicious meals from the beginning.However，a series of 2 ，including a few unfortunate cuts, left me 3 to cook.So I gradually distanced myself from 4 ，relying more on my husband to cook or takeout.Recently, however, I decided to 5 my love for cooking, and it's been transformative. Getting back into cooking wasn't easy.Memories of past accidents with my hands remained, and the fear of 6 myself again appeared.However, as the 7 of living continued to rise, I realized that relying only on restaurants wasn't sustainable.So, with 8 ，I stepped back into the kitchen. One 9 that has truly refueled my passion for cooking is Julia Child's Beef Bourguignon(红酒炖牛肉).When the movie Julie and Julia came out, I fell in love with cooking but never 10 this classic French dish.It's certainly a 11 of love, requiring a lot of time， 12 ，and attention to detail.From seasoning the beef with salt and pepper to mixing it with wine, every 13 is a joyous celebration of flavor and technique.Making it for the first time gave me a sense of 14 ，reminding me why I fell in love with cooking. Cooking doesn't have to be a 15 —it can be a form of self­expression. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文介绍了作者对烹饪由热爱到放弃，再到重燃热情的历程，并告诉我们，烹饪可以是自我表达的一种方式。 1． A.loss B．joy C．courage D．trouble B　[根据文章第一句话“Cooking has always been a small enjoyment of mine”可知，烹饪一直是作者的小乐趣。所以这里是说大约十年前，作者非常喜欢制作美食，故选B(joy“高兴，快乐，喜悦”)。loss“损失，不幸”；courage“勇气”；trouble“麻烦”。] 2． A.choices B．treatments C．accidents D．questions C　[根据下文的举例“including a few unfortunate cuts”(包括几个不幸的伤口)可知，此处指的是一系列的意外(accidents)，故选C。第二段中的“Memories of past accidents”也是本题的提示。choice“选择”；treatment“治疗，诊治”；question“问题”。] 3． A.hesitant B．excited C．curious D．ready A　[空前提到作者(做饭)出现了一系列的意外，包括几个不幸的伤口，所以这些让作者犹豫要不要(继续)烹饪，故选A。hesitant“犹豫的，有疑虑的”；excited“激动的”；curious“好奇的”；ready“准备好的”。句中的cuts为熟词生义用法，作名词，表示“伤口，划口”。] 4． A.cleaning B．cooking C．hospitals D．restaurants B　[上文谈到烹饪一直是作者的一个小爱好，但做饭过程中出现了一系列意外，作者还受伤了，故推测，作者逐渐远离了烹饪(cooking)，更多依赖丈夫做饭或者外卖，故选B。句中的distanced 为动词，是distance的熟词生义用法。distance yourself from sth表示“使自己与……保持距离，撇清自己和……的关系”。] 5． A.convey B．test C．forget D．rediscover D　[空前句子提到作者逐渐远离了烹饪，更多依赖丈夫做饭或者外卖，再根据本句中的however“然而”和第二段第一句中的“Getting back into cooking”可推知，作者最近决定重新发掘自己对烹饪的热爱。rediscover“重新发现”符合语境。convey“表达，传达”；test“测试”；forget“忘记”。] 6． A.injuring B．excusing C．blaming D．changing A　[根据空前的“Memories of past accidents with my hands”和“the fear of”可推知，作者还记得过去的意外，对弄伤自己的恐惧再次出现，故选A。injure“弄伤”；excuse“原谅”；blame“责怪”；change“改变”。] 7． A.level B．value C．quality D．cost D　[根据下一句中的“I realized that relying only on restaurants wasn't sustainable”可知，作者意识到仅仅依靠餐馆是不可持续的，这应该是因为生活费用(cost of living)持续上涨，故选D。] 8． A.energy B．dream C．determination D．pleasure C　[设空上一句谈到作者意识到仅仅依靠餐馆不可持续，所以作者带着决心(determination)回到了厨房(重新开始烹饪)，故选C。energy“精力”；dream“梦想”；pleasure“快乐”。] 9． A.gift B．recipe C．idea D．advertisement B　[根据空后that引导的定语从句可知，空处指的是让作者重燃烹饪热情的事物，再根据句中的“Julia Child's Beef Bourguignon(红酒炖牛肉)”可知，空处应是表示“菜谱，烹饪法”，故选B(recipe)。gift“礼物”；idea“想法，观点”；advertisement“广告”。] 10．A.sold B．mentioned C．attempted D．accepted C　[空后的“this classic French dish”指的是句中提到的“红酒炖牛肉”，所以此处是说，当《朱莉与朱莉娅》这部电影上映后，作者爱上了烹饪，但从没有尝试过做这道传统的法国菜肴，故选C(attempt“尝试”)。] 11． A.labor B．rule C．mark D．promise A　[主语It指的是“做这道传统的法国菜肴”这件事，它需要(花费)很多时间并且要关注细节。上句提到作者在一部电影上映后爱上了烹饪，所以做这道菜对作者来说当然是一种享受，是心甘情愿做的事。labor of love为固定搭配，表示“心甘情愿做的事”。故选A。] 12．A.space B．belief C．caution D．patience D　[根据空前的“requiring a lot of time”可推测，此处是说做这道菜需要大量时间、耐心(patience)和对细节的关注，故选D。space“空间”；belief“信念”；caution“小心，谨慎”。] 13．A.dish B．event C．step D．secret C　[空前的“From seasoning the beef with salt and pepper to mixing it with wine”表示“从用盐和胡椒粉给牛肉调味到把牛肉与红酒混合”，所以这里是说做这道菜的每个步骤(step)都是风味和技巧的欢乐庆祝，故选C。season作动词表示“加调料调味”，是熟词生义用法。season sth with sth表示“用……给……调味”。] 14．A.relief B．accomplishment C．warmth D．responsibility B　[根据空后的“reminding me why I fell in love with cooking”可知，第一次做这道菜使作者想起自己爱上烹饪的原因，所以应是让作者有一种成就感，a sense of accomplishment“成就感”。relief“宽慰，轻松”；warmth“热情”；responsibility“责任”。] 15．A.burden B．surprise C．regret D．duty A　[上一段提到作者在做菜的过程中有成就感，所以这里是说，烹饪不一定是一种负担(burden)，它可以是自我表达的一种方式，故选A。surprise“惊奇，惊喜”；regret “遗憾”；danger“危险，威胁”。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $