选择性必修第一册 UNIT4 BODY LANGUAGE（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习资料围绕肢体语言话题，整合词汇（熟词生义、派生、多义）、句式（排比、“否定词+比较级”、with复合结构）、语篇理解及写作等核心考点，按“词汇多维背诵-佳句过关-语篇串记-考点突破”逻辑展开，通过考点梳理（如核心词vary用法归纳）、方法指导（前缀猜词技巧）、真题训练（2024新高考Ⅰ卷应用）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络。 资料突出“词-句-篇”一体化复习，如结合肢体语言文化差异对比不同国家点头含义，融入高考真题跨文化情境，培养文化意识。通过熟词生义推断训练（如interpret理解为“解释”）提升思维品质，设置遮挡背诵、分层练习保障效果，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，提升学生应考能力。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：肢体语言 1．use appropriate gestures to clarify meaning 　 使用恰当的手势来明确意思 2．Facial expressions vary in different cultures. 不同文化中面部表情各异。 3．employ gestures to emphasize your point 运用手势强调你的观点 4．assess the audience's reaction through body language 通过肢体语言评估听众的反应 5．be aware of cultural barriers in communication 注意交流中的文化障碍 6．avoid gestures that imply negative meanings 避免暗示负面意义的手势 7．perceive the speaker's intention through nonverbal cues 通过非语言线索理解说话者的意图 8．excessive gestures may bother or distract others 过多的手势可能会打扰或分散他人的注意力 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．interpret [熟义]vi.& vt.口译→[生义]vt.把……理解(解释)为：interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal 把她的沉默理解为接受还是拒绝 2．employ [熟义]vt.雇用→[生义]vt.使用；应用：employ advanced technology in manufacturing 在制造中使用先进技术 3．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证→n.目击者；证人[词性活用]：a witness to the signing of the contract 合同签署的见证者 4．anger n．愤怒；怒气→vt.使生气；激怒[词性活用]：anger the opponents with insults 用侮辱激怒对手 词组(二)　一词多义 1．bend v．弯曲；使弯曲 n．弯曲处；弯道 ①bend the wire into a circle 将金属丝弯成一个圆圈 ②The road makes a sharp bend.这条路有一个急转弯。 ③bend the rules 变通规则 2．tick v．滴答作响；打钩；使烦躁 n．滴答声；钩号 ①The clock ticks in the room.时钟在房间里滴答作响。 ②tick the correct answer on the form 在表格上勾选正确答案 ③The sound of the clock's tick 时钟的滴答声 3．favour n．恩惠；好感；偏爱 v．偏爱；有利于 ①win the favour of the boss 赢得老板的青睐 ②The weather favours our picnic plan today.今天的天气有利于我们的野餐计划。 ③favour the youngest child more 更偏爱最小的孩子 4．pose v．造成；提出；摆姿势 n．姿势；装模作样 ①pose a serious threat to society 对社会构成严重威胁 ②pose a question to the speaker 向演讲者提出一个问题 ③strike a pose for the camera 摆好姿势拍照 阅读单词 1．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明 2．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用 3．identical adj.相同的 4．waist n．腰；腰部 5．fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的[近义：false；mock] 6．reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出 7．chin n．下巴 7．intervene vi.干预；介入 8．tone n．语气；腔调；口吻 9．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突 10．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一 11．internal 　　 adj.内部的；里面的 12．slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等) 13．lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的 14．stare vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视 15．ceiling n．天花板；上限 16．chest n．胸部；胸膛 17．weep vi.& vt.(wept，wept)哭泣；流泪 18．conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触 19．component n．组成部分；零件[助记：compose vt.组成] 20．ultimately adv.最终；最后[同义：finally；eventually] 拓展单词 1． interact vt.& vi.　 相互影响，互相作用 interaction n. 交流；相互影响 2． vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变 varied adj. 各种各样的；多变的 various adj. 不同的；各种各样的 variety n. 变化；多样性；种类 3． approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过 approval n. 赞成；通过；同意；批准 approving adj. 赞许的；许可的 disapprove vi. 不同意 vt. 不批准 4． differ vi. 相异；不同于 different adj. 不同的 difference n. 不同；差异 5． favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同 favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的 6． anger n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒 angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地；愤怒地 7． rely vi. 依赖；依靠 reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 8． slight adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的 slightly adv. 略微；稍微 9． assess vt. 评估；评价 assessment n. 评价；评定 10．educate vt. 教育；训练 educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的 education n.　　　 教育；教育学；训练 educator n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家 11．tend v. 趋向；往往会；常常 tendency n. 趋势；倾向 12．occupy vt. 占据；占用；占领 occupation n. 占领；工作；职业 occupied adj. 使用中；忙于；被占领的 13．distract vt. 分散(注意力)；使分心 distraction n. 让人分心的事物；分散注意力的事物 14．distinguish vi.& vt. 区分；辨别 distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的 15．anxious adj. 焦急的，焦虑的 anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕 16．embarrass vt. 使局促不安 embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪 17．shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事 ashamed adj. 羞愧的；惭愧的 shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的 shameless adj. 无耻的；没廉耻的 18．adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi.& vt. 适应；(使)习惯 adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 adjustable adj. 可调节的；可调整的 19．react vi. (对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应 reaction n. 反应，回应 重点短语 1．by contrast 相比之下 2．by comparison (与……)相比较 3．make inferences 推理；推断 4．in other words 换句话说；也就是说 5．approve of 赞同 6．stare at...盯着……看[对比： glare at怒目而视] 7．react to...对……做出反应[近义：respond to] 8．break down ①消除 ②分解 ③打破 9．straighten up ①直起来　②整理；收拾整齐 10．call on ①(短暂地)访问　②要求(某人讲话等) ③正式邀请 11．at work ①有某种影响　②在工作 12．look up ①向上看　②查阅[近义：refer to] 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down barriers.(排比修辞法) 2．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级) 3．With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.(with复合结构，动作描写) 4．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school.(疑问词＋不定式) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．微笑可以帮助我们度过困境，在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以消除隔阂。 2．当我们感到沮丧或孤独时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好朋友的笑脸。 3．他们两手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外看或向上看着天花板。 4．他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他们在校收获最大。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　In our interactions with others，we usually employ appropriate body language，namely，nonverbal language to demonstrate our internal emotions.Sometimes we have difficulty in interpreting and distinguishing gestures because they aren't identical.So we should learn to perceive，assess and adjust our words accordingly.For instance，if a person is embarrassed and ashamed，he will lower his head，slightly bend his body，and stare at the ground.If a person boils with anger or experiences anxiety，he will have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest.If a person does not move his eyes for a long time，it means that he is distracted. By contrast，if a person approves of or favours a plan，he may be witnessed straightening up and nodding his head.Certainly we can't always make reliable inferences because body language differs in different countries and varies from person to person.Nevertheless，I still call on people to reveal body language with the purpose of breaking down the barriers in our daily communication.After all，properly reacting to body language is an important component of our daily routine.In other words，we should occupy ourselves in learning some body language to ultimately avoid some unnecessary conflicts. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 在我们与他人的交流中，我们通常使用适当的肢体语言，即非话语的语言来展示我们的内在情感。有时我们很难解释和区分手势，因为它们并不完全相同。所以我们应该学会相应地理解、评价和调整我们的措辞。例如，如果一个人感到尴尬和羞愧，他就会低下头，稍微弯曲身体，并盯着地面看。如果一个人正怒火中烧或感到焦虑，他就会倾向于在胸前交叉双臂。如果一个人长时间目不转睛，这意味着他分心了。相比之下，如果一个人赞成或同意一个计划，我们可能会看到他会端正身体并点头。当然，我们不能总是做出可靠的推论，因为肢体语言在不同的国家中会有所不同，而且因人而异。然而，我仍然呼吁人们揭示肢体语言所表达的意思，以打破我们日常交流中的障碍。毕竟，正确回应肢体语言是我们日常生活中的一个重要组成部分。换句话说，我们应该(忙于)学习一些肢体语言，以最终避免一些不必要的冲突。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．identical 　　 adj.相同的 2．waist n．腰；腰部 3．fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的 4．intervene vi.干预；介入 5．component n．组成部分；零件 6．internal adj.内部的；里面的 7．ceiling n．天花板；上限 8．perceive vt.察觉；看待；理解 9．chest n．胸部；胸膛 10．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明 11．gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态 12．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用 13．reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出 14．distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心 15．ultimately adv.最终；最后 16．tone n．语气；腔调；口吻 17．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 18．bow vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) n．弓；蝴蝶结 19．barrier n．隔阂；障碍 20．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突 21．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 22．lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的 23．imply vt.意味着；暗示 24．stare vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视 25．merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过 26．bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便 27．weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪 28．conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．a witness to the signing of the contract 合同签署的见证者 2．interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal 把她的沉默理解为接受还是拒绝 3．employ advanced technology in manufacturing 在制造中使用先进技术 4．anger the opponents with insults 用侮辱激怒对手 5．The road makes a sharp bend. 这条路有一个急转弯。 6．The clock ticks in the room. 时钟在房间里滴答作响。 7．favour the youngest child more 更偏爱最小的孩子 8．pose a serious threat to society 对社会构成严重威胁 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→varied adj.各种各样的；多变的→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样性；种类 2．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；通过；同意；批准 3．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的 4．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地 5．rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 6．assess vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定 7．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育；教育学；训练 8．tend v．趋向；往往会；常常→tendency n．趋势；倾向 9．occupy vt.占据；占用；占领→occupation n．占领；工作；职业→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的 10．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的 11．anxious adj.焦急的，焦虑的→anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕 12．embarrass vt.使局促不安→embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n．尴尬；难堪 13．shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→ashamed adj.羞愧的；惭愧的→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 14．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应→adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．by contrast　　　　 相比之下 2．by comparison (与……)相比较 3．in other words 换句话说；也就是说 4．stare at... 盯着……看 5．approve of 赞同 6．look up 向上看；查阅 7．make inferences 推理；推断 8．break down 消除；分解；打破 9．straighten up ①直起来　②整理；收拾整齐 10．call on ①(短暂地)访问　②要求(某人讲话等)　③正式邀请 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．微笑可以帮助我们度过困境，在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以消除隔阂。(排比修辞法) A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down barriers. 2．他们两手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外看或向上看着天花板。(with复合结构＋动作描写) With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 3．他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他们在校收获最大。(疑问词＋不定式) Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→varied adj.各种各样的；多变的→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样性；种类 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)Our art class in the park was a refreshing change, with a variety of subjects to paint, from landscapes to portraits.我们在公园里上美术课是一个令人耳目一新的变化，绘画的主题多种多样，从风景到肖像。 【用法归纳】 ◎a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的 ◎vary from...to... 从……变化到……不等 ◎vary in 在……方面有所不同 【写作语料】　 ◎vary from person to person 因人而异 ◎arrange varieties of activities 安排各种各样的活动 ◎vary greatly/significantly/considerably 差异很大/显著/相当大 ◎various forms of entertainment 各种形式的娱乐活动 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The colors of the leaves varied from vibrant yellows to deep reds, creating a stunning autumn palette. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I experimented with various (vary) techniques, from watercolors to charcoal, and discovered new ways to express myself. ③我喜欢这个城市，因为它提供了各种各样的活动，从户外运动到文化活动，应有尽有。 I love this city because it offers a wide variety of activities, varying from outdoor sports to cultural events． approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；通过；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；许可的 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)The rapid expansion of high­speed rail networks has met with widespread public approval in China.高速铁路网络的快速扩张得到了中国公众的广泛赞同。 【用法归纳】 ◎approve sth 批准某事 ◎approve of 赞成；同意 ◎in approval 赞同地 ◎give one's approval to 赞同，批准 ◎gain/get/win one's approval 得到某人的同意；赢得某人的赞同 ◎approval for sth from sb 获得某人对某事的认可 【写作语料】　 ◎meet with approval 得到赞同 ◎approve our proposal批准我们的提议 ◎persuade him to approve of my plan 说服他同意我的计划 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①We are eager to win the educator's approval for our project，but he hasn't given us an approving gesture up to now.(approve) ②经过几个月的辛勤工作，我终于得到了老师对我论文的认可，这让我备受鼓舞。 After months of hard work, I finally gained my teacher's approval on my thesis, which was incredibly encouraging. ③听到提议后，在场的人都从椅子上站起来鼓掌，点头赞同。[动作描写] Having heard the proposal，all people present arose from their chairs and applauded，nodding in approval． favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的 n．最喜爱的人或物 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)His actions leaving a favourable impression on me, I knew that I would never forget this experience.他的举动给我留下了良好的印象，我知道我永远不会忘记这段经历。 【用法归纳】 ◎ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 ◎do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人一个忙 ◎in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 ◎in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利 【写作语料】　 ◎win/gain/earn favour 赢得好感 ◎view/look upon something with favour 赞许地看待某事 ◎create a favourable learning environment 创造一个良好的学习环境 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①The new policy is expected to create a more favourable (favour)environment for small businesses to thrive. ②当听到大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。[情绪描写] He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't in favour of his opinion． ③我写这封信是希望您能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。[求助信] I'm writing this letter in the hope that you can do me a favour/give me a hand with my coming interview. occupy vt.占据；占用；占领→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n．占领；工作；职业 【高考真题】　(新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Occupying themselves in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.因为他们忙于制作和售卖爆米花，他们没时间到处玩。 【用法归纳】 ◎occupy oneself with (doing) sth 使某人忙于(做)某事 ◎occupy oneself (in) doing sth 忙于做某事 ◎be occupied with/in (doing) sth 忙于(做)某事 【写作语料】　 ◎occupy a position 担任职务 ◎occupy someone's thoughts 占据某人的思想 ◎be occupied with my application for university 忙于申请大学 ◎occupy most of my time 占据我大部分时间 【语境运用】　单句填空/句式转换 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The twins soon found themselves occupied (occupy) in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself with the breakfast. ②I have been occupied in preparing for the final exams for the past few months, leaving little time for anything else. →I have been occupied myself preparing for the final exams for the past few months, leaving little time for anything else. ashamed adj.羞愧的；惭愧的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)I felt ashamed for putting him in such a demanding situation.我感到很羞愧，因为让他处于如此紧迫的境地。[惭愧心理描写] 【用法归纳】 ◎be/feel ashamed of... 为……而感到羞耻 ◎be ashamed to do sth 羞于/耻于做某事 ◎It's a shame/pity that... ……真让人遗憾 【写作语料】　 ◎a shameful waste 可耻的浪费 ◎hang one's head in shame 羞愧地低下头 ◎cover someone with shame 使某人蒙受耻辱 ◎be ashamed of your shameful behavior为你的可耻行为感到羞愧 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①他又羞愧又害怕，不敢走进房子。 Shameful and frightened, he dared not step into the house. ②听到其他学生互相窃窃私语，乔伊斯羞红了脸。 Hearing other students whispering to each other, Joyce flushed with shame． ③她为自己在考试中作弊感到羞愧万分，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。[心理描写] She felt ashamed of having cheated in the exam and tears ran down her cheeks. adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应→adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)As we walked into our outdoor classroom, I found myself having to adjust to the new learning environment.当我们进入户外课堂时，我发现自己不得不适应新的学习环境。 【用法归纳】 ◎adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth 适应……；习惯…… ◎adjust...to... 调整……以适应…… ◎make an adjustment to... 对……做出调整 【写作语料】　 ◎adjustable settings 可调节的设置 ◎adjust to change 适应变化 ◎adjust to a new environment 适应新环境 ◎make adjustments to your own tone调整一下你自己的语气 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①了解到你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，所以我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。[建议信] Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting yourself to the new school life, I'm writing to give you some tips, which I hope will be of help to you. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)在进行绘画时，我不得不对日常使用的绘画技巧做出一些调整，以更好地适应室外的环境。 While working on my piece, I had to make some adjustments to my usual painting techniques to better suit the outdoor setting. in other words 换句话说；也就是说 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)In other words, the evolution of transportation in China reflects the country's rapid modernization. 换句话说，中国交通工具的发展反映了这个国家的快速现代化。 【用法归纳】 ◎in a word 　　　　　　 总之；简言之 ◎keep one's word 遵守诺言 ◎break one's word 失信；不守诺言 ◎have a word with... 与……谈一谈 ◎Word came that... 有消息传来说…… 【写作语料】　 Setting a goal is the first step to success；in other words，if you want to succeed，you must set a goal first. 设定目标是成功的第一步；换句话说，如果你想成功，你必须先设定一个目标。 【语境运用】　完成语段 肢体语言，换句话说，也做非言语交流，在我们的日常交流中扮演着至关重要的角色。总之，它能比口头语言更有效地传达我们的思想和情感。为了维护信任和可信度，遵守诺言、保持肢体语言与口头信息一致是必要的。 Body language, ①in other words, nonverbal communication, plays a crucial role in our daily interactions.②In a word, it can convey our thoughts and emotions more effectively than spoken language.It is essential to ③keep one's word and ensure that our body language aligns with our verbal messages to maintain trust and credibility. 句式：部分否定 【教材原句】　Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.当然，不是每个抬头看的人都在专心听讲。 【用法归纳】 ◎all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”。 ◎no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。 【写作佳句】　 ①(2022·全国乙卷)According to the above graph，it can be seen that not all of the students adopt the same approach to learning English. 通过以上图表可以看出，并非所有学生都采用同样的方法学英语。 ②Not everything that glitters is gold, as appearances can be deceiving. 并非所有闪闪发光的东西都是金子，因为外表可能具有欺骗性。 ③She is not completely satisfied with the present arrangement. 对于目前的安排，她并不完全满意。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子/一句多译 ①他在这次比赛中被授予一等奖，但是似乎不是所有的人都认可这件事。 He was awarded first prize in the competition，though not all of the people seemed to agree it. ②最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。[调查报告] →A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time．(not all) →A recent survey shows that all the students in our school don't take physical exercise in their spare time．(all...not...) 句式：while引导让步状语从句 【教材原句】　While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时(对讲课内容)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中比较容易察觉，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 【用法归纳】 while的用法如下： ◎用作从属连词，意为“虽然；尽管”； ◎用作从属连词，意为“当……的时候；在……时”； ◎用作并列连词，意为“然而”，表示前后分句的对比转折； ◎用作名词，意为“一段时间(尤指较短的时间)”，如：for a while(暂时)；in a while(过一会儿)。 【写作佳句】　 ①The children played in the garden while their parents prepared dinner in the kitchen. 孩子们在花园里玩耍，而他们的父母在厨房准备晚餐。 ②The new policy aims to reduce carbon emissions, while simultaneously promoting economic growth. 新政策旨在减少碳排放的同时促进经济增长。 ③She decided to pursue her passion for art, while her sister chose a career in medicine. 她决定追求自己对艺术的热情，而她的姐姐则选择了医学事业。 ④The book, while well­written and informative, lacks the depth needed to fully explore the topic. 这本书写得很好，内容丰富，然而却缺乏全面探讨该主题所需的深度。 【仿写借鉴】　猜测词义/完成句子 ①(2022·全国乙卷)50% of the students watch English movies while only 18% read English books.conj.然而(表示对比) ②(2021·全国乙卷)While online learning proves useful，there exist some disadvantages.conj.虽然；尽管 ③(2023·全国甲卷)Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.conj.当……的时候；在……时 ④Let's take a short break for a while before we continue with the next chapter.n.一段时间(尤指较短的时间) ⑤虽然你比别人更聪明，但如果你不努力，你就不会成功。[建议信] While you are more intelligent than others，you will not succeed if you do not make efforts. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．pose A．v.造成 B．v.摆姿势 C．n.姿势 ①The model posed for the photographer in various outfits. B ②The new regulation may pose some challenges for small businesses. A ③The dancer held a graceful pose at the end of her performance. C 2．bend A．v.弯曲 B．n.弯曲处 C．v.变通，通融 ①The car came around the bend on the wrong side of the road. B ②She had to bend the rules a little to accommodate the special request. C ③Try to bend the wire into a circle shape. A 3．break down A．(谈判)失败 B．消除 C．(机器等)出故障 D．(身体)垮掉 E．分解 ①Much to my annoyance，my car broke down on the way to work. C ②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. A ③In other words，your health will break down if you work too tired for a long time. D ④You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time. E ⑤(2020·天津卷)The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. B 巧借前缀non­推测词义 non­前缀表示“不；无；非” [本单元]nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的 [相关词]non­stop adj.不停的；直达的 1．The company adopted a nontraditional approach to marketing, which attracted a younger audience. [词义]non(非)＋traditional(传统的)→nontraditional adj.非传统的 2．The organization is a nonprofit entity dedicated to providing education for underprivileged children. [词义]non(非)＋profit(利润)→nonprofit adj.非营利的 3．The nonviolent protest inspired many people to join the movement for social justice. [词义]non(非)＋violent(暴力的)→nonviolent adj.非暴力的 4．The nonrenewable resources, such as coal and oil, are being depleted at an alarming rate. [词义]non(非)＋renewable(可再生的)→nonrenewable adj.不可再生的 5．The nonessential items were removed from the luggage to reduce the overall weight. [词义]non(非)＋essential(必要的)→nonessential adj.非必要的 6．The nonresident students must apply for special permits to stay in the dormitories. [词义]non(非)＋resident(居民)→nonresident adj.非本地的，非居民的 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety (vary) of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency (tend) to multitask while consuming digital content. 2．My mother doesn't approve of my attending such a party, because it finishes at midnight. 3．Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply favoured (favour) by customers. 4．Distinguished (distinguish) for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year. 5．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken (take). 6．Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have conflicts with friends. 7．The truck broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge, causing the traffic jam. 8．So reliable (rely) was the journalist that we all agreed to adopt his idea and set out immediately. 9．By comparison (compare)，I prefer the column telling about splendid stories of our national heroes. 10．With so many different themes of poetry to choose (choose) from，students may want to write poems of their own. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．The witness provided crucial testimony about the crime he had seen.n.目击者 2．The analyst interpreted the data as a sign of economic recovery.vt.把……理解(解释)为 3．Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more.vt.使发怒，激怒 4．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.vt.使用 5．The eco­friendly company uses non­invasive methods to survey wildlife populations without disturbing their natural habitats. ◎non­(无；没有)＋invasive(侵入的)→non­invasive adj.非侵入性的 6．Intercultural understanding promotes harmony and cooperation among people from different backgrounds. ◎inter­(相互)＋cultural(文化的)→intercultural adj.跨文化的，涉及不同文化之间的 (一)应用文写作[短文投稿——关于肢体语言的讨论] 假定你是李华，你们学校举行了关于“Body language”的讨论，请你写一篇英语报道向校报投稿。内容包括： 1．学生的观点；2.肢体语言的文化差异；3.你的建议。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开篇点出本文主旨 1．上周进行了一场关于肢体语言在跨文化交际中的影响的激烈讨论。(witness) Last week witnessed a heated discussion about the influence of body language in cross­culture communication. 第二段：具体介绍学生的不同观点 2．大多数学生赞成肢体语言因人而异的观点。 The majority of students were in favour of the idea that body languages vary from person to person. 3.在某些国家点头意味着反对；相比之下，在其他一些国家，则意味着认可。 For example，nodding implies disagreement in some countries；by contrast，it means approval in some others. 4．尽管肢体语言有利于在交流中促进信息互通和情感传递，但并不是所有的肢体语言都有相反的含义。 But not all body language has opposite meanings，thus helping exchange messages and convey emotions in communication. 5．微笑是一种通用的肢体语言，可以打破多种语言障碍。 Smile is a universally acknowledged body language that can break down many language barriers. 第三段：最后点出建议 6．为了促进跨文化交流，我们应该适当地使用肢体语言，并在必要时做出一些简单的调整。 To promote cross­culture communication，we should appropriately make use of body language and make some simple adjustments when necessary. [构建语义场——肢体语言] 1．肢体动作 ①hand gestures 手势 ②facial expressions 面部表情 ③eye contact 眼神交流 ④posture 姿势 ⑤nod your head 点头 ⑥shrug your shoulder 耸肩 ⑦arm crossing 交叉双臂 ⑧leg crossing 交叉双腿 ⑨lean forward 向前倾 ⑩lean backward 向后倾 2．情绪表达 ⑪smile 微笑 ⑫frown 皱眉 ⑬raise eyebrows 挑眉 ⑭widen eyes 睁大眼睛 ⑮purse lips 噘嘴 ⑯bite lips 咬嘴唇 ⑰clench jaw 咬紧牙关 ⑱blush 脸红 3．人际交流 ⑲personal space 个人空间 ⑳touch 触碰 ㉑open palms 手掌张开 ㉒shake hand 握手 ㉓thumbs up 竖起大拇指 ㉔thumbs down 大拇指向下 ㉕wave your hand 招手 4．肢体交流的重要性 ㉖convey emotions 传达情感 ㉗emphasize messages 强调信息 ㉘show attentiveness 表现专注 ㉙display confidence 展现自信 ㉚reflect attitudes 反映态度 ㉛enhance verbal communication 增强口头交流 ㉜improve interpersonal understanding 提高人际理解 (二)读后续写[肢体语言话题＋头部动作描写] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [情感描写]　anger→angry；reliable；anxiety→anxious；embarrass→embarrassed→embarrassing→embarrassment；ashamed；break down [动作描写]　approve；witness；interpret；favour；bow；pose；bend；lower；stare；distinguish；call on；weep；adjust；straighten up 佳句 1．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part.(排比修辞) 2．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies.(动作描写＋比喻修辞) 3．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually...(排比修辞) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 nod 点头；duck 迅速低头；incline your head点头；a slight nod of agreement 轻轻点头表示同意；shake one's head in disbelief 摇头表示不相信；bow one's head in respect 低头表示尊重；raise one's head with confidence 自信地抬起头；turn one's head away in disgust 厌恶地转过头去；duck one's head to avoid a blow 迅速低头避开一击 佳句 1．She nodded in agreement, her eyes sparkling with enthusiasm. 她点头表示同意，眼中闪烁着热情的光芒。 2．He shook his head intensely, refusing to believe the shocking news. 他激烈地摇头，拒绝相信这个令人震惊的消息。 3．The people present bowed their head respectfully as the king entered the hall. 国王进入大厅时，在场的人恭敬地低下了头。 4．She raised her head proudly, ready to face any challenge that came her way. 她自豪地抬起头，准备迎接任何挑战。 5．Disgusted by the sight, he turned his head away, unable to look any longer. 看到这一幕，他厌恶地转过头去，无法再看下去。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　梅雷迪思一家住在一个小社区，经济衰退，许多人失业，生活困难。梅雷迪思夫人是一位善良体贴的妇女，经常探望穷人，给他们提供食物和药品。一天，她告诉孩子们，她拜访了一个卧病在床的男人，他的妻子因照顾他而无法出去工作。他们还有一个孩子叫伯纳德。孩子们想帮助伯纳德赚钱，约翰提议用叔叔送的玉米做爆米花，好让伯纳德去卖…… [续写构思]　梅雷迪思夫人同意计划→开始做爆米花→做成爆米花 　　当梅雷迪思夫人听说了约翰的想法后，她也认为这个想法很不错。梅雷迪思夫人点头表示同意，并说：“这真是个好主意，约翰。我相信伯纳德和他的家人会感谢你的善良和慷慨的。让我们马上开始吧！”孩子们迫不及待地开始工作，一边做爆米花，一边小心地装满纸袋。他们紧锣密鼓地分工合作，克拉拉和哈里制作爆米花，约翰密封袋子。梅雷迪思太太看着他们，脸上带着满意的笑容，并对他们的团队合作和奉献精神感到惊讶。 　　When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.Mrs.Meredith ①nodded in agreement and said, “That's a wonderful idea, John.I'm sure Bernard and his family will ②appreciate your kindness and generosity．Let's get started right away.”The children ③eagerly set out to work, popping the corn and carefully filling the paper bags.They ④worked together seamlessly, with Clara and Harry making the popcorn while John sealed the bags.Mrs.Meredith watched them ⑤with a contented smile, marveling at their teamwork and dedication. (时间：25分钟　满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·安徽六校入学素质测试)A handshake seems to be a normal gesture.In fact，in the 9th century BC，an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands.Centuries later，Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time. Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century，when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends.But if Shakespeare was writing about handshaking hundreds of years earlier，what happened? According to author Torbjörn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake.The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace.Shakespeare was similarly referencing the settlement of a conflict. The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace.As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture，“More than in any other field，that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues.” As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级制度的) ways of greeting—like bowing.Handshaking survived in a few remote places，like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements.Around the same time，those who valued equality also made use of handshaking.Then，as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。 1．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first paragraph? A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find. B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom. C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction. D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication. B　[推理判断题。第一段提到的“莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写了两个人物握手并发誓成为兄弟”与其前的“在一个古代遗址中有两个人物在握手”为并列关系，作者通过这两个例子证明“Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time”(握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，其根源已经消失在时间的长河中)。故选B。A项“为了证明握手的历史很难查明”；B项“为了说明握手是一个非常古老的习俗”；C项“为了向读者证明握手在小说中很常见”；D项“为了解释握手在沟通中的价值”。] 2．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage? A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace. B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in the Netherlands. C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement. D．It is common practice between people of different social positions. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Historians...have noted that the modern handshake did not appear...it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends”可知，研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种略微不恰当的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。再由第三段中的“The early handshakes...making deals or peace”可知，早期的握手是达成协议或和解的一部分。故选 C。C项“握手仅在朋友之间使用，也用于达成协议”。] 3．Which of the following is similar in meaning to “anthology” in Para.4? A．The science of mental ability. B．A collection of selected literary passages. C．A daily written record of experiences. D．All the living things of a particular region. B　[词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，一位荷兰社会学家在名为《手势的文化史》这一anthology中的一个章节写道“More than in any other field...make the most of only a few clues”(在手势研究领域，历史学家能充分利用的只有少数线索，这一点在其他任何领域都不常见)，故画线词指的是这位荷兰社会学家所撰写的某一本书，故选B。A项“心智能力的科学”；B项“文学段落精选集”；C项“对(个人)经历的每日书面记录”；D项“特定地区的所有生物”。] 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands. B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries. C．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions. D．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as the Continent's hierarchy weakened, handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today”(随着欧洲大陆等级制度的减弱，握手成为相同等级的人之间的普遍做法，就像现在一样)可推知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，是因为等级制度的影响越来越弱，故选D。A项“握手在荷兰的一些偏远地区已经消失了”；B项“握手在不同的欧洲国家有不同的含义”；C项“握手现在在不同职位的人之间很常见”；D项“因为等级制度的影响减弱，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手”。] B (2025·济南市高中三年级摸底考试)Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU's School of Social Sciences, involving over 1，300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations.Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality.People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces.Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits.In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward.The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationships and smoothing over conflicts.Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative(有亲和力的) function”， or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”，suggesting that a lively face makes one's intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher．Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well­liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous.Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one's face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions.As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了研究者发现相较于扑克脸，通过面部表情反映一个人的内心世界能带来更温暖的回应，这类人的社交优势更明显。 5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its impact. B．Its findings. C．Its limitations. D．Its significance. B　[段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，这项研究涉及1 300多名参与者，研究发现人们在对话中面部表情的变化具有显著差异。重要的是，这种表情表达被认为是一种稳定的个体特质。在不同的情境中，与不同的社交伙伴交流时，甚至在长达四个月的时间段内，人们表现出相似程度的面部表情丰富性。所以该段在讲述研究的结果，故选B。] 6．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A．A way to frighten competitors. B．A method to hide personality. C．A tool to show personal quality. D．A strategy to settle disagreement. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“In a negotiation task...secure a larger slice of a reward...smoothing over conflicts”可知，在谈判任务中，更具有表现力的人更有可能获得更大份额的奖励。研究人员表明，对于那些和蔼可亲的人，有活力的面部表情也许起着构建良好的关系和缓和冲突的作用。故选D。D项中的“strategy”是对文中“tool”的同义转换；“settle disagreement”是对文中“smoothing over conflicts”的同义转换。] 7．What does the underlined word “decipher” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Copy. B．Overlook. C．Remember. D．Interpret. D　[词句猜测题。根据第四段，尤其是“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable’．..for others to decipher”可知，面部表情丰富也被认为是更可读懂的，表明一张活跃热情的脸能让一个人的目的和精神状态更容易让其他人知晓。故选D。D项的“Interpret”是对文中“readable”的同义转换。] 8．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. B　[推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，基于研究结果，科学家表示，对于大多数人来说，让面部反映内心状态和意图可以引来更温暖的反应。研究者总结说，面部表情丰富在社交中是有利的。故基于研究结果，作者可能会建议大家让自己表情外露，让自己容易被人了解。故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·Z20名校联盟) Why are Police Officers Called Cops? Police officers are often referred to as cops.1( ) Some argue the term is shortened from “copper” and comes from copper badges (徽章) worn by a policeman.Others say that it stands for “Constabulary of Police”． General agreement on the word origins of “cop”，however, suggests that the term is based more on the policeman's job than on his clothing or job title.In Latin, the verb capere can be defined as “to capture”．In French, the verb is caper.“To cop” in English is to seize or to take.2( ) Some also believe that the Dutch word kapen，which also loosely translates as “to steal or take”， is related to policemen being called coppers or cops.Essentially, the police force was there to take criminals off the streets.3( ) And since American English especially draws from German, French, and Latin, the specific language origins of kapen or capere create a ready path to the term “cop”． 4( ) And it is no longer considered rude.However, certain other terms for police officers are definitely unwelcome.While British Police might not mind being called “bobbies”，no police members like to be referred to as “pigs” or the “fuzz”．Some don't mind the term the “heat” as applied to the whole police force，but the police force does not generally take kindly to terms given to them by criminals. The term “cop” is in such common usage now that a show documenting their work on the job is called Cops.Even though J.Edgar Hoover once highly objected to the term, it is now fine to refer to a policeman or a policewoman as a cop.5( ) A．The term is slightly less familiar to people. B．So，the Latin, Dutch, and French terms are all similar. C．These words define some of what a police officer does. D．The profession of a police officer was not respected then. E．But the origins of this nickname are something of a debate. F．However, the term “police officer” is generally most correct. G．Today it is appropriate to call members of the police force cops. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了对警察的称呼的演变。 1．E　[上文谈到警察经常被称为cops，即cops是police officers的另一种称呼，故E项中的this nickname与cops相呼应。下文谈到不同的人对这一单词的来源和含义的不同看法，与E项中的“something of a debate”相呼应。故E项“但这个绰号的起源存在争论”承上启下，引出“cop的词源”这一话题。] 2．C　[空处所在段的第一句为段落主旨句，指出人们普遍相信cop一词是基于警察的工作而非衣着或头衔的。空前列举了拉丁语、法语和英语中相应单词的含义。设空应是对上文单词的总结，并呼应第一句段落主旨句。故C项“这些单词解释了警察的一些工作”符合语境。] 3．B　[上文提到一些人认为荷兰语单词kapen也与警察的绰号有关，本质上，警察部队是为了逮捕罪犯。这与第二段谈到的拉丁语和法语中的单词是相似的，故B项承接上文，符合语境。] 4．G　[根据空后句子“And it is no longer considered rude”可知，空处与现在人们对警察的称呼有关，故G项“今天把警察部队的成员称为cops是合适的”符合语境。appropriate与rude是相反的概念。] 5．F　[上文谈到对警察的各种称呼，有的是被认可的，有的则不被接受，故此处F项“然而，‘police officer’一词通常是最恰当的”作为总结句符合语境。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $