必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义围绕“太空探索”主题，整合核心词汇、多义单词、重点短语及高频句型等高考核心考点，按“词汇多维记忆—句型应用—语篇串记”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点分类梳理、熟词生义方法指导、高考真题例句训练等环节，帮助学生系统突破词汇难关与句型运用瓶颈。 资料突出“主题引领+分层突破”特色，创新采用语篇串记法融合核心词汇，设计“熟词生义辨析”“句型仿写”等活动培养语言能力与思维品质，如结合高考真题讲解float的“提出想法”用法。设置单词检测、佳句默写、读写训练分层任务，保障复习实效，助力学生提升词汇运用与语篇构建能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：太空探索 1．attach great importance to mental preparation for space exploration 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 对太空探索的心理准备给予高度重视 2．recycle and reuse limited resources in space 在太空中回收利用有限的资源 3．determine to explore the unknown in space 下定决心探索太空中的未知领域 4．desire to float freely in the vast cosmos 渴望在浩瀚的宇宙中自由漂浮 5．Lack of resources is a major challenge in space. 资源匮乏是太空探索的一大挑战。 6．argue for the importance of space exploration for mankind 论证太空探索对人类的重要性 7．be keen to explore new patterns of life in space 热衷于探索太空中新的生命模式 8．mental and physical challenges of long­term space travel 长期太空旅行所面临的心理和身体挑战 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．float [熟义]vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流→[生义]vt.提请考虑(想法或计划)；提出：float an idea to the team向团队提出一个想法 2．dock [熟义]vi.& vt.(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞→[生义]vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接：the two spacecraft docked successfully 两架航天器成功对接 3．regular adj.有规律的；频繁的；经常的；定期的；正常的→n.老主顾；经常参加某活动的人[词性活用]：become a regular at the coffee shop 成为咖啡店的常客 4．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围→vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行[词性活用]：satellites orbiting the earth 卫星环绕地球运行 词组(二)　一词多义 1．current adj.当前的；现在的；流通的 n．(河、湖或海的)水流；电流；思潮；趋向 ①the current situation 当前形势 ②swim against the current 逆流而上 ③alternating current (AC) 交流电 ④a current account 活期账户 2．beyond prep.在……另一边；在更远处；超过，超出；晚于；无法理解 ①beyond the mountains 山的那一边 ②above and beyond the call of duty 超越职责范围 ③beyond one's comprehension 超出某人的理解能力 3．signal vi.& vt.发信号；示意 vt.标志，表明 adj.重大的 n．信号；红绿灯 ①signal me to stop 示意我停止 ②signal the beginning of a new era 标志着新时代的开始 ③a signal achievement 重大成就 ④a signal of distress 遇险信号 4．monitor vt.监控；监听；监测 n．监测仪器；显示屏；班长；监督员 ①monitor the situation closely 密切监视局势②a computer monitor 电脑显示器 ③monitor the patient's vital signs 监测病人的生命体征 5.launch vt.开始从事；发射；发起；上市；使(船)下水；发射；猛扑向前 n．发射；下水；上市；发起；大型汽艇 ①launch one's career 开始某人的职业生涯 ②launch a new product 推出新产品 ③launch a rocket into space 发射火箭进入太空 ④launch an attack against the enemy 发动对敌人的进攻 ⑤the successful launch of the rocket 火箭的成功发射 阅读单词 1．astronaut　　 n．宇航员；太空人 2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续 3．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹 4．gravity n．重力；引力 5．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆 6．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 7．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 8．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器 9．soap n．肥皂 10．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉 11．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 12．facility n．设施；设备 13．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫 14．pillow n．枕头 15．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力 16．towel n．毛巾；抹布 17．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的 18.pattern 　　n．模式；图案；模范 19．resource n．资源；财力；物力 20．oxygen n．氧；氧气 21．fatal adj.致命的[近义：deadly]；灾难性的 22．high­end adj.高端的[合成词：high＋end] 23．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送[近义：transfer；convey] 24．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区[近义：border；boundary] 25．data n．[pl.]资料；数据[联想：database n．数据库] 26．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的[联想：lunar adj.月球的；阴历的] 27．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的[近义：abundant] 28．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过[近义：skip；hop] 29．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处[联想：agent n．代理 人/商，经纪人] 拓展单词 1．mental adj.　　　 精神的；思想的 mentally adv. 精神上；心理上 2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 intelligence n. 聪明；智慧 3．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物 universal adj. 普遍的 universally adv. 普遍地 4．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 determination n. 决心；决定 5．disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望；沮丧 6．depend v. 依靠；依赖 independent adj. 独立的；自主的 independently adv. 独立地；自立地 independence n. 独立 7.current adj.　　　 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮；潮流 currently adv. 当前；现时 8．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 sufficiently adv. 足够地；充足地 insufficient adj. 不够的；不足的 9．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪 global adj. 全球的；全面的 globally adv. 全局地；全球地 10．argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论 argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 arguable adj. 可论证的 11．analyze/analyse v．分析 analysis n. [pl. analyses](对事物的)分析；分析结果 analyst n. 分析家 12．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的 n. 常客 irregular adj. 不规则的；不规律的 regularly adv. 经常；定期地 13.limit vt.& n.　　 限制 limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 limitation n. 限制；限度 ,14.mystery n.　　　 神秘事物；谜 mysterious adj. 神秘的 15．attach vt. 系；绑；贴 attached adj. 附加的；附属的；依恋的 重点短语 1．carry on 继续做；坚持干 2．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 4．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 5．provide for sb 提供生活所需 6．be curious about 对……好奇 7.under control 被控制住；处于控制下 8．so as to (do sth) 为了；以便[点拨：不能用于句首] 9．result in 导致；造成[同义：lead to；bring about] 10．as a result 所以；结果(是)[同义：as a consequence] 11．in closing 最后[近义：in conclusion] 12．run out 用完；耗尽[对比：run out of sth] 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1.However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.(while引导让步状语从句) 2．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(be＋adj./n.＋to do) 3．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语) 4．While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.(状语从句的省略) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。 2．把人类送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外的地方不是一个容易达到的目标。 3．首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。 4．睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己固定在某个东西上，以防四处飘荡。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.They launch rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote themselves to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them disappointed.However，people's desire to explore space never dies.Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up，otherwise they would float around.They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen.China is the third country to send humans into space independently.This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which is a shallow view.Our planet's resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 人类成功地创造了让宇航员进入宇宙的设施和交通工具。他们发射运载卫星的火箭。世界上许多有才智的人都决心致力于太空探索，尽管导致飞船上宇航员死亡的致命太空灾难让他们感到失望。然而，人们探索太空的渴望从未消失。此外，在太空中生存时，宇航员必须回收脏水，以便以后使用。由于缺乏重力，他们的肌肉会变得虚弱。他们必须把所有的东西都粘起来，否则这些东西就会四处漂浮。他们还需要想办法储存足够的食物和氧气。中国是第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。这标志着中国向前迈出了一大步。有些人认为，我们应该停止在太空探索上浪费时间和金钱，这是一个肤浅的观点。我们的星球的资源是有限的，因此，我们应该找到一个新的家园来养活不断增长的人口。最后，我们非常重视解决太空之谜，并将定期进行太空探索。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．rocket 　 　 n．火箭；火箭弹 2．gravity n．重力；引力 3．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区 4．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆 5．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 6．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送 7．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的 8．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 9．facility n．设施；设备 10．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 11．high­end adj.高端的 12．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫 13．pillow n．枕头 14．oxygen n．氧；氧气 15．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人 16．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续 17．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 18．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 19．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 20．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 21．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用 22．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力 23．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 24．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 25．pattern n．模式；图案；模范 26．resource n．资源；财力；物力 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．satellites orbiting the earth 卫星环绕地球运行 2．float an idea to the team 向团队提出一个想法 3．the two spacecraft docked successfully 两架航天器成功对接 4．become a regular at the coffee shop 成为咖啡店的常客 5．the current situation 当前形势 6．beyond one's comprehension 超出某人的理解能力 7．signal the beginning of a new era 标志着新时代的开始 8．monitor the patient's vital signs 监测病人的生命体征 9．launch a new product 推出新产品 10．launch one's career 开始某人的职业生涯 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．聪明；智慧 2．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的 3．determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determination n．决心；决定 4．disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧 5．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的 6．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点 7．analyze/analyse v．分析→analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果 8．limit vt.& n．限制→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limitation n．限制；限度 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．carry on　　 　　 继续做；坚持干 2．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 3．be curious about 对……好奇 4．result in 导致；造成 5．as a result 所以；结果(是) 6．in closing 最后 7．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 8．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 9．under control 被控制住；处于控制下 10．run out 用完；耗尽 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。(while引导让步状语从句) However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 2．把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。(be＋adj./n.＋to do) Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. 3．首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。(动名词短语作主语) Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 【高考真题】　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)What made them disappointed was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.让他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试就没能做好母亲节早餐。[失望心理描写] ◎be disappointed at/with/by sth 对某事失望 ◎be disappointed in sb 对某人失望 ◎be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 ◎be disappointed that... 对……失望 ◎to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 ◎in disappointment 失望地 【写作语料】　 ◎a sense of disappointment 失望感 ◎try to hide one's disappointment 试图掩饰某人的失望 ◎a disappointing result令人失望的结果 ◎a disappointed look on David's face 大卫的脸上流露出失望的表情 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①It is disappointing (disappoint) to fail, but it would be more disappointing not to try again. ②当孩子发现玩具店当天关门时，他失望地低下了头。 The child hung his head in disappointment when he discovered that the toy store was closed for the day. ③在这名运动员得知即使使出浑身解数仍没有晋级决赛的消息后，他大失所望。 The athlete was disappointed to learn that he had not qualified for the finals, despite his best efforts. desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.理想的；可取的；值得拥有的，值得做的→desired adj.渴望的，想要的 【高考真题】　(2023·浙江1月卷应用文写作)We desire that our school (should) organise more activities like this，which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons.我们希望学校能组织更多这样的活动，这不仅可以消除我们巨大的学习压力，也可以开阔我们的视野。 ◎desire to do sth 渴望做某事 ◎desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 ◎have a (strong) desire to do sth (强烈)渴望做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎a burning desire 强烈的渴望 ◎be motivated by a desire for success 被成功的渴望所驱使 ◎have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture有学习中国文化的强烈愿望 ◎satisfy our desire to learn more knowledge满足我们学习更多知识的愿望 ◎a highly desirable position 一个非常理想的职位 【语境运用】　单句填空/一句多译 ①In a disjointed and trembling voice the man gave the information desired (desire). ②It is desirable (desire) to have a positive attitude and a strong work ethic in any job. ③每个人都渴望过上更好的生活，但实现这一目标需要付出巨大的努力和坚持不懈的奋斗。 →Everyone desires (to live) a better life, but achieving this goal requires tremendous efforts and persistent struggles.(desire vt.) →Everyone has a desire to live a better life, but achieving this goal requires tremendous efforts and persistent struggles.(desire n．) lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏→lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)For lack of confidence and afraid of being laughed at，he hesitated to run to the starting line.由于缺乏信心，害怕被嘲笑，他犹豫着跑到起跑线。[紧张犹豫心理描写] ◎for lack of 因缺乏…… ◎a lack of 缺乏…… ◎not lack for＋n.…… 应有尽有；不乏…… ◎be lacking in 缺少…… 【写作语料】　 ◎for lack of confidence and experience因缺乏信心和经验 ◎suffer from a lack of sth 因缺乏某物而受困扰 ◎be lacking in enthusiasm 缺乏热情 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①这个团队的失败在很大程度上是由于其成员之间缺乏有效的沟通和协调。 The team's failure was largely due to a lack of effective communication and coordination among its members. ②尽管他在经验方面可能有所欠缺，但他用他的热情和奉献精神弥补了。 Although he may be lacking in experience, he makes up for it with his passion and dedication. argue vi.& vt.(argued，argued，arguing)论证；争辩；争论；主张；说服→argument n．争论；争吵；论点 【高考真题】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)To my great joy, I finally argued David into taking part in the cross­country run，which was viewed as a rewarding activity.令我非常高兴的是，我终于说服了大卫参加越野跑，它被认为是一项有益的活动。[高兴心理描写] ◎argue for/against sth 主张/反对某事 ◎argue that... 主张…… ◎present/make/put forward an argument 提出论点 【写作语料】　 ◎argue for studying online支持网上学习 ◎argue against exploring space 反对探索太空 ◎beyond argument 无可争辩 ◎a compelling/convincing/strong argument 有说服力的/有力的论点 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①60% of the interviewees argue for rubbish classification and claim that they will do this in their daily life. ②在这次辩论中，双方都提出了有力的论据来支持自己的立场。 In this debate, both sides presented strong arguments to support their positions. ③每个人都有责任保护环境，这是无可争辩的。[保护环境] It is beyond argument that everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment. attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附加的；附属的；依恋的，爱慕的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Gunter attached great significance to helping others, believing that small acts of kindness could make a big difference to people's lives.冈特非常重视帮助他人，他认为微小的善举可以极大地改变人们的生活。 ◎attach sth to sth　　 　 把某物附/固定在某物上 ◎attach importance/significance to sth 重视某事 ◎be attached to sb/sth 依恋某人/某物 【写作语料】　 ◎attach importance to developing children's creative thinking重视培养儿童的创造性思维 ◎attach the coupon to the front of your letter 把优惠券附在信的正面 ◎be deeply attached to one's hometown 深深地眷恋自己的家乡 ◎a strong sense of attachment 强烈的依恋感 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①你务必在你的申请表上附上一张近照，然后寄给公司。[招聘启事] Do have a recent photograph attached to your application form, and send it to the company. ②此外，我不仅重视均衡的饮食，而且我还学到了大量关于保持健康的知识。[身心健康] Additionally, not only did I attach importance to a balanced diet, but I also learned abundant knowledge about keeping healthy. ③老师非常重视培养学生的批判性思维能力，鼓励他们质疑来自不同渠道的信息。 The teacher attached great importance to fostering students' critical thinking skills and encouraged them to question information from various sources. result in 导致；造成 【高考真题】　(2022·浙江1月卷应用文写作)Not only did the festival make us know more about diverse cultures，but it also resulted in better mutual understanding and friendship.这个节日不仅使我们更多地了解不同文化，也促进了彼此的理解，加深了友谊。 ◎as a result＝as a consequence 结果 ◎result from＝arise from/out of 由……引起 ◎result in＝lead to/contribute to/bring about/cause 导致；造成 【写作语料】　 ◎the problems arising from our carelessness 由于粗心引起的问题 ◎result in our inactive participation 导致我们的消极参与 【语境运用】　用result的相关短语填空 对太空的探索带来了大量的技术进步和科学发现。因此，我们对宇宙的理解已经大大扩展了。尽管存在障碍，但太空探索所带来的好处却有助于改善人类的生活和促进我们对周围世界的理解。 The exploration of space ①has resulted in numerous technological advancements and scientific discoveries.②As a result, our understanding of the universe has expanded significantly. Despite obstacles, the benefits that have ③resulted from space exploration have contributed to the betterment of human life and our understanding of the world around us. run out 用完；耗尽 【高考真题】　(2022·全国甲卷应用文写作)In the future，care for the ocean will become very important as the ocean's resources are running out.在未来，由于海洋资源濒临枯竭，爱护海洋将变得很重要。 ◎run out of 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态) ◎run across 偶然遇到 ◎run after 追逐；追求 ◎run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) 【写作语料】　 I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger.[情绪描写] 我已经失去了所有的耐心，我开始勃然大怒。 【语境运用】　用run的相关短语填空 我们可能会耗尽地球上的资源。然而，随着我们继续通过太空探索追求宇宙的奥秘，我们可能会在外太空偶然发现新的能源和材料来源。在太空探索过程中我们遇到的挑战，如技术困难和资金紧张问题，可以通过国际合作和创新来克服。 We may ①run out of resources on Earth.However, as we continue ②to run after the mysteries of the universe through space exploration,we could ③run across new sources of energy and materials in outer space.The challenges we ④run into during space exploration, such as technical difficulties and financial constraints, can be overcome through international collaboration and innovation. 句式：the＋序数词(＋n.)＋动词不定式 【教材原句】　Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.后来，苏联专注于载人太空飞行，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 ◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only、the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语； ◎动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability、chance、opportunity、ambition、offer、decision、tendency、failure、reply、attempt等。 【写作佳句】　 ①(2023·全国乙卷)When it comes to the person I admire most in history, the first person to come to my mind is Confucius. 说到历史上我最崇拜的人，我第一个想到的人是孔子。 ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)It was an opportunity to slow down and appreciate the beauty that surrounds us. 这是一个放慢脚步欣赏我们周围的美的机会。 ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The chance to step outside the classroom and engage with the world in a new way was truly inspiring. 能有机会走出课堂，以一种新的方式与世界接触真的非常鼓舞人心。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子 ①人们很少有机会目睹如此令人叹为观止的自然现象。 Seldom does one have the opportunity to witness such a breathtaking natural phenomenon. ②在雄心壮志的驱使下，他下定决心追求自己的梦想，无论会面对什么障碍。 Driven by ambition, he made the decision to pursue his dreams, no matter what the obstacles. ③那个偏远的村庄没有信号，我的所有能联系到你们的尝试都失败了。 There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact you failed． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．current A.adj.当前的，现在的　B．n.水流　C．adj.流通的，通用的 ①The river's strong current made swimming difficult. B ②The current situation requires immediate action. A ③The U．S.dollar is the current international currency. C 2．beyond A.prep.超出，超过　B．prep.在……的那一边 C．prep.晚于；迟于 ①I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that. C ②The beautiful lake lies just beyond those hills. B ③The project is beyond the scope of our current budget. A 3．signal A.n.信号，暗号　B．adj.显著的，重大的 C．vt.发信号，示意 ①The traffic light turned green, signaling us to go. C ②The discovery of penicillin was a signal event in medical history. B ③The coach gave the signal for the team to start the game. A 4．monitor ①Please turn off your computer monitors before leaving the office. A ②The class monitor is responsible for maintaining discipline. C ③We need to monitor the patient's vital signs closely. B 5．launch ①NASA plans to launch a new satellite next month. A ②The company will launch its new product line at the trade show. B ③The launch of the space shuttle was delayed due to bad weather. C 6．otherwise ①You must finish your homework; otherwise, you can't play video games. A ②She is an excellent student and excels otherwise in her extracurricular activities. B 巧借前缀uni­推测词义 uni­前缀，源自拉丁语，意为“一”或“单一” [本单元]universe n．宇宙；天地万物 [相关词]①unify vi.& vt.(使)统一，(使)成一体 ②unique adj.独特的，独一无二的 ③unite vi.& vt.(使)联合，(使)团结 ④universal adj.普遍的，通用的 1．The company adopted a uniform policy to ensure all employees dressed professionally. [词义]uni(单一)＋form(形式)→uniform adj.统一的 2．The unicycle requires great balance and skill to ride effectively. [词义]uni(单一)＋cycle(自行车)→unicycle n．单轮车 3．The unidirectional flow of traffic ensures safety and reduces congestion on busy roads. [词义]uni(单一)＋directional(方向的)→unidirectional adj.单向的 4．The uniformity of the design ensures consistency across all products in the series. [词义]uni(单一)＋form(形状)＋ity(名词后缀)→uniformity n．一致性 5．The unicorn, a mythical creature, is often depicted as a horse with a single horn. [词义]uni(单一)＋corn(角)→unicorn n．独角兽 6．The unilateral decision made by the manager caused dissatisfaction among the team members. [词义]uni(单一)＋later(边)＋al(形容词后缀)→unilateral adj.单方面的 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．The young man had a strong desire to earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated. 2．It was wise of him to admit what he had done，otherwise he would have got (get) into series of trouble. 3．There is no denying that mankind activities have a giant impact on global (globe) climate. 4．As far as I know，Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident. 5．Disappointed (disappoint) at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself in his room. 6．It is beyond argument (argue) that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.[推荐信] 7．Operate the electrical appliance following the instructions attached (attach) to the box，or you'll be at risk. 8．Lacking physical exercise resulted in poor health.Therefore，people are beginning to attach much more importance to their health than ever before. 9．It is universally (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness. 10．It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．As we all know, the moon orbits around the Earth.vt.绕轨道而行 2．She decided to float her business plan to potential investors.vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划) 3．The Shenzhou spacecraft will dock with the Tiangong space station.vi.(两架航天器)对接 4．She's a regular at the yoga studio, attending classes three times a week.n.老主顾；经常参加某活动的人 5．Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.v.主张 6．A unipolar generator is a type of electric generator that produces a direct current. ◎uni­(一；单一)＋polar(极地的)→unipolar adj.单极的 7．Advances in astrochemistry have been driven by the development of sophisticated observational techniques and computational models. ◎astro­(星星；天体)＋chemistry(化学)→astrochemistry n．天体化学 (一)应用文写作[太空探索——关于“太空探索的必要性”的讨论] 假定你是李华，在上周五的英语课上，你班同学围绕“太空探索的必要性”这一话题展开了讨论。请给你校英文报“Voice”栏目投稿，内容包括： (1)讨论的情况； (2)你的观点。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开篇点出讨论概况 1．上周五我们在英语课上发起了一个吸引人的讨论，其主题是“太空探索的必要性”，我分享一下我对这一讨论的看法。 I am writing to share my thoughts on the engaging discussion launched in our English class last Friday，whose topic is “The Necessity of Space Exploration”． 第二段：具体介绍讨论的情况 2．一些学生认为，太空探索对科学和技术的进步至关重要，而另一些学生则反驳说，这些巨额资金本可以更好地用于解决地球上的紧迫问题。 Some students argued that space exploration is essential for the advancement of science and technology, while others countered that enormous amounts of money could be better spent on addressing pressing issues on Earth. 3．尽管有不同的意见，每个人都得体地表达了自己的观点，讨论使得我们对太空探索的复杂性有了更深的理解。 Despite the different opinions, everyone expressed their views respectfully, and the discussion resulted in a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding space exploration. 第三段：最后点出自己的观点 4．就我个人而言，我相信太空探索对于满足我们探索和扩展知识的愿望至关重要。 Personally, I believe that space exploration is crucial for satisfying our desire to explore and expand our knowledge. 5．虽然我承认人们对缺乏直接利益和所涉及的高成本的合理担忧，但我认为潜在的长期优势大于这些缺点。 While I acknowledge the valid concerns about the lack of immediate benefits and the high costs involved, I feel that the potential long­term advantages outweigh these drawbacks. 6．我很感激能有机会与同学们交流想法，并期待着更多发人深省的对话。(不定式作后置定语) I am grateful for the opportunity to exchange ideas with my classmates and look forward to more thought­provoking conversations. [构建语义场——太空探索] 1．航天器与设备 ①spacecraft 航天器 ②rocket 火箭 ③satellite 卫星 ④space station 空间站 ⑤probe 探测器 ⑥telescope 望远镜 ⑦spacesuit 宇航服 ⑧navigation system 导航系统 ⑨mission control center 任务控制中心 ground station 地面站 2．太空任务与探索 ⑪space mission 太空任务 ⑫space exploration 太空探索 ⑬Mars exploration 火星探索 ⑭space tourism 太空旅游 ⑮astronomical observations 天文观测 ⑯international collaboration 国际合作 3．宇宙与天体 ⑰universe 宇宙 ⑱galaxy 星系 ⑲star 恒星 ⑳planet 行星 black hole 黑洞 solar system 太阳系 4．航天员与训练 astronaut 宇航员 taikonaut 宇航员(中国) space crew 航天员组 physical training 体能训练 psychological preparation 心理准备 survival skills 生存技能 teamwork 团队合作 leadership 领导力 adaptability 适应能力 resilience 韧性 problem­solving 问题解决 decision­making 决策制定 communication skills 沟通技巧 (二)读后续写[科技与生活话题＋震惊、惊讶心理描写(1)] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [情感描写]　determine→determined；disappoint→ disappointed→ disappointment→disappointing；desire→desirable；keen [动作描写]　launch；leap；carry on；signal；figure out；argue；result in；monitor；run out 佳句 1．People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.(动作描写) 2．However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.(while引导状语从句) 3．As a result，space­based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population.(拟人修辞) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 astonished 惊讶的；dumbfounded 惊呆的；stunned 震惊的；in utter disbelief 完全不敢相信；jaw­dropping moment 惊掉下巴的时刻；to one's shock/surprise/ amazement/astonishment令人震惊/惊讶的是；wear a look of surprise on one's face面露惊讶；a look of surprise spread over/flashed across one's face脸上闪过惊讶的表情；too surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话 佳句 1.Hardly had she entered the room when she was greeted by deafening applause.(倒装句) 她刚进入房间，就被震耳欲聋的掌声所迎接。 2．Stunned by the news, he found himself at a loss for words.(分词作状语) 这个消息让他非常震惊，一时间无言以对。 3．Dumbfounded, he stared at the letter, unable to believe its contents.(形容词作状语) 他目瞪口呆地盯着信，无法相信其中的内容。 4．So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构) 她惊愕得说不出话来。 5．A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story.(无灵主语句) 我的同伴听了我的故事，脸上露出了惊讶的表情。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　Tom擅长通过电脑和电话与人交流，但在公开演讲方面却很无助。他的老板要求他代表公司进行演讲，这让他感到非常害怕。一天，他在电视上看到了一个腹语表演者的节目，这给了他灵感。他组织了一个会议，向大家解释了他的计划，并得到了大家的支持。演讲当天，Tom虽然有些紧张，但远没有平时那么严重…… [续写构思]　演讲开始→观众完全难以置信→发表演讲→观众们惊呆 　　这个备受期待的演讲开始了。当观众看到一个和汤姆长得一模一样的机器人走向舞台时，他们完全难以置信。当机器人开始讲话，以完全清晰而自信的方式发表演讲时，那一刻令人瞠目。机器人的动作和手势是如此逼真，很难与人类主持人区分开来。随着演讲进行，观众们持续被震惊到，他们惊讶地睁大了眼睛。他们完全被展示的先进技术惊呆了，许多人脸上都带着惊讶的表情。很明显，现实机器人公司已经取得了一些真正了不起的成就。 　　The much­anticipated presentation started.The audience was ①in utter disbelief when they saw a robot that looked exactly like Tom walk onto the stage.It was ②a jaw­dropping moment as the robot began to speak，③delivering the presentation with perfect clarity and confidence．The robot's movements and gestures were so lifelike that it was hard to tell it apart from a human presenter.As the presentation progressed, the audience remained stunned，④their eyes wide with astonishment．They ⑤were completely dumbfounded by the advanced technology on display, and many ⑥wore looks of surprise on their faces．It was clear that Reality Robotics Company had achieved something truly remarkable. (时间：25分钟　满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A [新选材：跨学科融合——太空探索＋生物多样性As more and more species near extinction, scientists have been collecting samples from animals, plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe.But climate change, environmental disasters and wars threaten these modern Noah's arks.Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an out­of­this­world solution：building one of these vaults (库) on the moon. A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon's south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth.This part of the moon usually remains around －196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells long­term, marine biologist Mary Hagedorn and colleagues report in BioScience. Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below­zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world.In 2017, melting(融化)frozen soil threatened to flood the vault，highlighting the need for a backup plan.A different team has proposed building a lunar ark in lava(熔岩)tubes that run beneath the moon's surface.But that design requires a solar­powered cooling system; any loss of power and the samples would be destroyed.In the moon's forever­frozen shadowed regions, a lunar vault wouldn't need energy or constant human maintenance, Hagedorn's team says. Given the shadowy south pole's low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today”—fibroblasts.Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells.“And then those stem cells can be used for cloning，” she says.The cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human settlements on the moon or Mars. The proposal has its share of barriers.For instance, the moon's permanently dark regions aren't free from temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen of the Johns Hopkins University.“They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of temperature management.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了月球南极的低温使其成为储存生物样本的理想地点，因此，科学家考虑在月球建立生物样本库，以应对地球上的气候变化等威胁。 1．Why is the moon an ideal place for the biobank? A．It's not affected by wars. B．It's not environmentally polluted. C．It has proper temperatures. D．It has rich resources for research. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“A biobank in a permanently shadowed region...perfect for storing most animal cells long­term”可知，月球南极永久阴影区的温度通常保持在零下196摄氏度左右，非常适合长期储存大多数动物细胞。由此可知，月球上适宜的温度使其成为生物样本库的理想地点，故选C项。] 2．What led to Hagedorn's proposal of a lunar biobank? A．The solar­powered cooling system. B．The lava tubes on the moon's surface. C．The problem facing the Norway Vault. D．The discovery of ice on the lunar pole. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway...highlighting the need for a backup plan”可知，Hagedorn和同事们从挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库获得了灵感，该种子库利用北极零下的温度保存了来自世界各地的数百万颗种子。2017年，融化的冻土随时都可能淹没种子库，这凸显了备用计划的必要性。再结合第三段最后一句可知，挪威种子库面临的问题使Hagedorn和同事们考虑在月球上建立生物样本库。] 3．What can scientists use fibroblasts to do? A．Form stem cells for cloning. B．Explore moon soil conditions. C．Help land humans on the moon. D．Improve the eco­system of the earth. A　[细节理解题。根据题干的“fibroblasts”可将答案定位至第四段。根据“a vault there...transform these animal cells into stem cells.‘And then those stem cells can be used for cloning，’”可知，考虑到南极阴影区的低温，那里的样本库可以储存“我们今天拥有的最强大的细胞之一”——成纤维细胞。科学家可以将这些动物细胞转化为干细胞，然后这些干细胞可以用于克隆。故选A项。] 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Lunar Exploration：The Next Frontier for Cloning B．Relieving Climate Change: The Moon Biobank Project C．The Moon as a Backup: A New Solution for Seed Storage D．Building Biobanks on the Moon: A Proposal to Save Biodiversity D　[标题归纳题。文章围绕在月球上建立生物样本库的提议展开，强调其在保护生物多样性中的潜在价值及面临的挑战。D项“在月球上建立生物样本库：拯救生物多样性的提议”适合作文章标题。] B (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试)China is likely to become the first country to bring Martian soil back to Earth in an ambitious science and engineering attempt.The nation plans to collect Martian samples and then bring them back to Earth around 2030 via a historic mission named Tianwen 3. If everything goes according to plan, the samples could become the first to be returned to Earth from Mars, and will help scientists look for traces of life on Mars, learn more about the planet's geology(地质学)and inner structures, and understand its atmospheric cycles. Yang Yuguang, a senior space industry observer and vice­chair of the International Astronautical Federation's Space Transportation Committee, said on Friday that no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars because it would be an extremely sophisticated procedure. “First, anyone who wishes to get back Martian soil needs to, in the first place, take to the planet a craft which can lift off from the Martian surface to send samples to Martian orbit, and that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants (推进剂).” “And landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging, considering the fact that landing on Mars is far more difficult than a lunar landing due to the complex atmosphere surrounding Mars，” he said. Even if the craft could land on Mars and it could lift off, Yang said that a new challenge would follow—how to guide it to carry out an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples. “In our lunar sample­return missions, the most complicated part was the in­orbit meeting and docking between the sample­carrying craft and the orbiter, and that operation at least had Earth­based telemetry (遥控技术) and other types of technical support.By comparison, there will be virtually no technical assistance in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance，” the expert explained. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。这将是首次实现从火星带回土壤样本，能够帮助科学家研究火星生命迹象、地质结构和大气循环。文章还解释了这一任务所面临的挑战。 5．What do we know about the Martian mission named Tianwen 3? A．It is the third space mission of China. B．Its main goal is to bring Martian soil back to Earth. C．The samples can help reveal the Earth's geology. D．No country will bring samples back from Mars before it. B　[细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位在第一段。根据第一段“China is likely...to bring Martian soil back to Earth...The nation plans to collect Martian samples...Tianwen 3”可知，天问三号的主要任务是收集火星土壤样本，并将其带回地球。故选B项。] 6．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Experienced. B．Threatening. C．Astonishing. D．Complicated. D　[词句猜测题。根据画线词前的“no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars”可知，到目前为止没有任何人试图把火星土壤样本带回地球。第四段的“that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants(推进剂)”提出了这一任务面临的第一个问题，即飞行器必须要足够大能装得下发动机和推进剂。第五段的“landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging”介绍了让一个巨大的飞行器在火星表面安全着陆非常具有挑战性。这是面临的第二个问题。再根据第六段的“a new challenge would follow...an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples”可知，即使飞行器能在火星表面安全着陆和起飞，这一任务还面临着新的挑战——如何引导它与轨道飞行器进行精确的交会。由此可知，从火星带回土壤样本是一个复杂的过程，画线词意为“复杂的”，complicated与其意思接近。故选D项。] 7．According to the passage, which of the following about the mission is true? A．A large craft is needed to send samples to Earth. B．Safe landing on Mars is difficult due to lack of air. C．The in­orbit meeting and docking is the most challenging part. D．Technical support is available to reduce its difficulty. C　[推理判断题。根据第七段的“In our lunar sample­return missions, the most complicated part was...in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance”可知，在月壤取样的任务中，最复杂的部分是携带样本的飞行器与轨道飞行器的在轨交会。而且这样的操作至少有地面的遥控技术和其他的技术支持。相比之下，由于距离太远，在火星轨道上进行同样的过程几乎没有技术援助。由此可推知，在火星上取样最具有挑战性的部分是在轨交会。故选C项。] 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．China Plans Mission to Bring Martian Soil to Earth B．China Brought Samples Back via a Historic Mission “Tianwen 3” C．The Complexity of Bringing Martian Samples Back to Earth D．The Technical Support Taking Place in Martian Orbit A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。A项“中国计划将火星土壤带回地球”；B项“中国通过历史上重要的任务‘天问三号’带回了样本”；C项“将火星上的样本带回地球的复杂性”；D项“火星轨道上的技术支持”。故选A项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)We are all creatures of habit. We tend to wake up at the same time each day, brush our teeth, have morning coffee and travel to work, following the same patterns every day.1( ) Behavioral scientists who study habit formation say that many of us try to create healthy habits in the wrong way.2( )Here are two tips, backed by research, for forming new healthy habits. 3( )For many of us, our morning routine is the strongest, so that's a great place to build a new habit. While brushing your teeth, you might stand on one foot to practice balance. Many of us fall into end­of­the­day patterns as well. Do you tend to sink into the sofa after work and turn on the TV? That might be a good time to do a single daily yoga pose. 4( ) Wendy Wood，a research psychologist, calls the forces that get in the way of good habits “friction”. In one study, researchers changed the turning of lift doors so that workers had to wait nearly half a minute for the doors to close. 5( )Many people were therefore convinced that taking the stairs was easier than waiting for the lift. It shows how sensitive we are to small friction in our environment. Just slowing down the lift got people to take the stairs, and they stuck with it even after the lift went back to normal timing. A．It was just enough of a delay. B．Why do we stop doing what's good for us? C．But why is it so hard to form new healthy habits? D．We probably form new habits when we clear away the barriers. E．The better way to form a new habit is to tie it to an existing habit. F．It explains why friction prevents the progress of forming good habits. G．For example, we set big goals to lose weight without taking proper steps. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要分析了为什么人们很难形成新的健康习惯，介绍了我们每天遵循固定的习惯并提出了两条养成新的健康习惯的建议。 1．C　[上文讲我们都是墨守成规的人，倾向于每天在同一时间起床、刷牙、早晨喝咖啡、上班，每天都遵循同样的模式。下文主要介绍了养成新的健康习惯的建议。C项“但是为什么养成新的健康习惯这么难呢？”引出下文的养成新的健康习惯这一话题。] 2．G　[空前的“many of us try to create healthy habits in the wrong way”讲我们中的许多人试图以错误的方式养成健康的习惯，故空处应该涉及错误的做法，G项“例如，我们设定了减肥的大目标，却没有采取适当的步骤”举例说明了人们的错误做法。] 3．E　[空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句，是作者提出的养成新的健康习惯的第一条建议。空后讲早上的例行活动是最有力的，所以这是一个建立新习惯的好机会，刷牙的时候，人们可以单脚站立来练习平衡，下班后，人们也可以利用窝在沙发上看电视的时间来做一个瑜伽姿势。由此可知，E项“形成一个新习惯的更好的方法是把它和现有的习惯联系起来”最能概括本段的主旨。] 4．D　[空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句，也是作者提出的养成新的健康习惯的第二条建议。空后讲心理学家Wendy Wood 将妨碍养成好习惯的力量称为“摩擦”，接着介绍了一个实验，即研究人员通过改变电梯门的转动方式，放慢电梯的关门速度，让人们养成走楼梯的新习惯。D项“当我们清除障碍时，我们可能会养成新的习惯”最能概括本段的主旨。D项中的barriers与下文的friction呼应。] 5．A　[空前讲在一项研究中，研究人员改变了电梯门的转动方式，工人不得不等近半分钟才能关上电梯门，A项“只是稍微耽搁了一下”对这一行为做进一步的分析，承接上文，且与空后的“因此，许多人相信走楼梯比等电梯更容易”衔接紧密，故选A。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $