Unit5 单元知识梳理【趣味课堂】英语仁爱版2024八年级上册

该初中英语讲义以“话题导入-技能训练-语法巩固”为主线构建单元知识体系，通过对比表格（如lie的多义辨析、center与middle用法区分）、方位名词转化框架图（如south→southern）梳理核心词汇与句型，系统呈现“方位表达、数量短语、动词不定式”等重难点的内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于“情境化分层练习”设计，如用“天安门广场升旗仪式”情境考查tens of thousands of、see sb. doing sth.等用法，通过“完成译句+单项选择”组合题型，兼顾基础巩固与能力提升。语法模块融入“口诀记忆法”（如“决心学会想希望”助记不定式作宾语动词），助力学生发展学习能力，既支持自主复习，也为教师精准教学提供清晰知识脉络。

新仁爱八上 Unit 5 Amazing Places 单元知识梳理（练习版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. It lies in the south of Anhui Province. 它位于安徽省南部。(教材P74 Activity 1B） 1）lie，动词，意为“位于；坐落在”。 E.g. Beijing lies in the north of China. 北京位于中国北部。 拓展：lie作动词时的其他意思 lie: 躺；平躺；平卧 / (思想、特征、问题等)存在；在于 E.g. Please lie down when you feel tired. 感到疲惫时，请躺下。 His success lies in his hard work. 他的成功在于努力工作。 2）south，名词，意为“南方”。 E.g. I live in the south of China. 我住在中国南方。 拓展： 表示方位的名词 3）in＋the＋方位名词＋of意为“在······（内部的）······（方位）”。 E.g. Chengdu is in the south-west of China. 成都在中国的西南部。 【即时练习】 1) China is ________ eastern country and it lies in ________ east of Asia. A. an; / B. a ; an C. /; an D. an; the 2）Harbin lies in the ________ of China. A. east B. south C. west D. north 2. The Great Wall runs from the west to the east in northern China. 长城在中国北部从西到东绵延开来。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） 1）from... to... 意为“从······到······”。 from the west to the east意为“从西到东”。 E.g. It's 880 meters long from the north to the south and 500 meters wide from the east to the west. 它从北到南有880米长，从东到西有500米宽。 2）northern，形容词，意为“北方的；向北的；北部的”。 E.g. —People like to eat noodles in northern China. 北方人喜欢吃面条。 —You're right. 你说得对。 拓展：表示方位的名词，加-ern可构成形容词，表示“......方向的”。 west (西，西方) → western (西方的) east (东，东方) → eastern (东方的) south (南，南方) → southern (南方的) north (北，北方) → northern (北方的) E.g. In some western countries, people like to eat hamburgers. 在一些西方国家，人们喜欢吃汉堡包。 【即时练习】 1) 在中国的北方，几乎每家都做饺子。（完成译句） In ________ China, almost every family makes dumplings. 2) 春季通常是从三月到五月。（完成译句） Spring is usually ________ March ________ May. 3. Tian’anmen Square lies in the center of Beijing. 开安门广场位于北京的中心。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） in the center of意为“在···的中心”。此时center在这里作名词，意为“中心，中央”。 E.g. There is a small island in the center of the lake. 湖的中心有一座小岛。 辨析：center 和 middle 单词 用法 center 多指物体的正中心，常表示某一个空间、地域或物体的正中心； 表示“中央”时，强调的是一个点，习惯上指空间的“中央”，如圆和球的 中心，也表示抽象意义的中心。前可用介词in或at。 middle 指中间或中部，既可指空间也可指时间，还可指笼统的“中部”。前通常用介词in。 E.g. There is a table in the center of the room. 房子中间有一张桌子。 A black hole is at the center of the Milky Way. 银河系的中央有一个黑洞。 Kangkang sits in the middle. 康康坐在中间。 I am going to Beijing in the middle of May. 我五月中旬要去北京。 【即时练习】 市中心有一家非常现代的图书馆。（完成译句） There is a very modern library ________ ________ ________ ________ the city. 4. Tens of thousands of people come here to see the national flag-raising ceremony every morning. 每天早上，数以万计的人们来这儿看升旗仪式。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） tens of thousands of意为“数以万计的”。 E.g. Tens of thousands of singers will take part in the competition. 数以万计的歌手将会参加比赛。 归纳：类似结构有： hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 billions of 数十亿的 hundreds of thousands of 数以十万计的 hundreds of millions of 数以亿计的 注意：当 hundred／thousand／million／billion前面有具体的数字时，hundred／thousand／million／billion后不加s，也不与of连用，直接跟名词。当hundred／thousand／million／billion 与of 连用时，则表示不确定的数目，此时hundred／thousand／million／billion后需加s，意为“几百的；几千的；几百万的；几十亿的”。 【即时练习】1) There were _________ trees in the forest park in the past. A. thousand of B. thousands of C. three thousand of D. three thousands of 2) There are five ________ students in this school. And two ________ of them are girls. A. hundred, hundred B. hundreds, hundreds C. hundreds of, hundred 5. It is in the south of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park. 它位于北京奥林匹克公园中心区域的南部。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） central，形容词，意为“在中心的；中央的”。the central area 意为“中心地，中心区域”。 E.g. Central America 中美洲 the central area of the brain 大脑中枢 拓展：central的其他意思 central 容易到达的；交通方便的；四通八达的 / 最重要的；首要的；主要的 E.g. The flat is very central—just five minutes from Zhongshan Road. 这座公寓位于市中心，离中山路只有五分钟的路程。 —Prevention also plays a central role in traditional medicine. 预防在传统医学中也起着主导作用。 —Yes. 是的。 【即时练习】在秋天，成千上万的重庆人到中央公园观赏金黄的银杏树。(完成译句) In autumn, ________ ______ people in Chongqing go to ________ Park to enjoy the golden ginkgo trees. 6. It's cold and dark out here, yet it's quite crowded already. 外面又冷又黑，但是（广场）已经十分拥挤了。 (教材P75 Activity 2） 1) yet，连词，意为“但是；然而”。 E.g. We know little about this kind of disease, yet we try to find more about it day and night. 我们对这种疾病所知甚少，但我们仍夜以继日地试图找到更多关于它的信息。 链接：表示转折的连词还有but和however。 E.g. She is slow in doing her homework, but she is the most careful student in her class. 虽然她作业写得很慢，但她是班里最认真的。 However, we have a long way to go. 但是，我们还有很长的一段路要走。 2) already 已经（表示动作已完成） E.g. It's quite crowded already. 已经十分拥挤了。 辨析： already 与 yet 的对比 单词 含义 常用句式 例句 already 已经 肯定句/疑问句(常位于句中：通常置于助动词或be动词之后、实义动词之前) He has already left. （他已经离开了。） yet 还（未） 否定句/疑问句(常位于句末) He hasn't left yet. （他还没离开。） 【即时练习】—Have you finished your task ________?    —Yes. I have ________ finished it. A. yet; yet B. yet; already C. already; already D. already; yet 7. We can't wait to see the national flag going up. 我们迫不及待地想看国旗升起。 (教材P75 Activity 2） 1）can’t wait to do sth．意为“迫不及待做某事”。 E.g. I can’t wait to see the new movie tonight. 我迫不及待地想今晚看这部新电影。 Kangkang can't wait to enjoy his mother's dishes at home. 康康迫不及待地想到家尝尝他妈妈做的美味。 拓展： can’t help doing sth. 意为“情不自禁做某事”。 E.g. I can’t help laughing when I think of those days with you. 当我想起和你一起度过的那些日子，我忍不住笑了起来。 2）see sb./ sth. doing sth．意为“看见某人／某物正在做某事”。在该结构中，现在分词（短语）作宾补， 强调看见某个动作正在进行。 E.g. He saw fireflies flying at night. 他晚上看见萤火虫在飞。 辨析：see sb.do sth. 和 see sb. doing sth. 短语 意思 用法 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 看到动作发生的全过程或者动作经常发生。 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 看到动作正在发生。 E.g. I often see her clean the classroom in the morning. 我经常看见她早上打扫教室。 I see her cleaning the classroom when I walk past. 我路过时看见她正在打扫教室。 总结：相似用法的词组还有 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 watch sb. do sth. 看某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 看某人正在做某事 E.g. I hear him play the piano every day. 我每天都会听见他弹钢琴。 I heard him playing the piano at 9 o'clock last night. 昨天晚上9点，我听到他正在弹钢琴。 3）go up意为“升起；（物价等）上涨；（温度等）上升”。 E.g. When the national flag goes up, I feel very proud. 当国旗升起时，我感到很骄傲。 Apples are going up in price. 苹果在涨价。 【即时练习】1) —I have a surprise for you, but you’ll have to wait until tomorrow. —_________. You’re making me so excited. A. Thank goodness B. I can’t wait to see it C. Have a good trip 2) I wish to go to Tian’anmen Square and watch the national flag ________. A. going up B. goes up C. go up D. to go up Function 1. Yes, there are more than 70 palaces in different sizes, and they are all buildings made of wood. 是的。（故宫）有70多个不同大小的宫殿，而且这些宫殿全部由木头制成。(教材P76 Activity 3） 1）be made of意为“由······制成”。 E.g. The table is made of wood. 这张桌子由木头制成。 辨析：be made of, be made from 和 be made in 短语 意思 用法 be made of 由······制成 通过制成品可以看出原材料。 be made from 由······制成 通过制成品看不出原材料。 be made in 在······制造 后面接地点名词。 E.g. This sweater was made of wool. 这件毛衣由羊毛制成。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头做的。 This table was made in China. 这张桌子产自中国。 2）wood，名词，意为“木；木头；木料；木柴”，此时既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词。 E.g. a piece of wood 一块木头 a wood floor 木地板 All the furniture was made of wood. 这里所有的家具是用木料制成的。 注意：wood还可意为“树林；林地”，为可数名词，也可用其复数形式woods表达这一含义。 E.g. a large wood 一大片森林 have a walk in the woods 在森林中散步 拓展：wood的形容词是wooden，意为“木制的，木头的”。 E.g. How hard the wooden floor is! 这木地板多么坚硬啊！ 归纳：名词后加-en可构成形容词，类似的词还有： wool (羊毛) → woollen (羊毛的) gold (金子) → golden (金色的) E.g. we keep sheep for their wooI and meat. 我们养羊是为了生产羊毛和羊肉。 I bought a woollen blanket for my mother yesterday. 昨天我给妈妈买了一条羊毛毯。 【即时练习】This kind of toy ________ wood and ________ China. A. is made of; is made in B. is made from; is made in C. is made from; is made by D. is made of; is made by 2. It's said that there are about 9,000 rooms. 据说大概有9000个房间。 (教材P76 Activity 3） “It’s said＋that从句”，意为“据说······”。it作形式主语，that后面接主语从句，为真正的主语。 E.g. It's said that there will be a football match tomorrow. 据说明天会有一场足球比赛。 注意：主句的时态不影响从句的时态，从句根据实际情况选择适当的动词形式。 E.g. It’s said that she was promoted last year. 据说她去年升职了。 归纳：“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”的句型还有： It is thought that... 人们认为....... It is believed that... 人们相信...... It is reported that... 据报道...... It is known that... 众所周知...... E.g. —It is thought that time is money. 人们认为时间就是金钱。 —Yes. 是的。 It is reported that Henan will develop fast in the following years. 据报道，河南在未来几年将会有大发展。 【即时练习】据说，谷雨时节喝茶可以让我们远离疾病。 ________ ________ ________ drinking tea during Grain Rain can make us stay away from illnesses. Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. Baiyang Lake is also rich in culture. 白洋淀文化底蕴也十分深厚。 (教材P78 Activity 1） rich 形容词，意为“丰富多彩的；富有的；油腻的” be rich in意为“富含；充满”。 E.g. She leads a rich and varied life. 她过着丰富多彩的生活。 Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 橘子含有丰富的维生素C。 拓展：rich的反义词是poor, 意为“贫穷的；贫寒的；可怜的；不善于···的”。 常用短语：be poor at (doing) sth. 不擅长（做）某事 be poor in 缺乏；贫乏；缺少 E.g. They were too poor to buy shoes for their kids. 他们穷得没钱给孩子买鞋。 Many companies are poor at dealing with telephone complaints. 许多公司不善于处理电话投诉。 In fact, Some countries are poor in water resources. 事实上，一些国家水资源贫乏。 【即时练习】 多年来，中国以其丰富的文化影响着世界。（完成译句） For many years, China has influnced the world with its ________ ________. 2. There are many places of cultural interest for tourists to see. 游客可以参观很多文化名胜。 (教材P78 Activity 2） cultural 形容词，意为“文化的；与文化有关的”。culture是其名词形式，意为“文化”。 E.g. Teachers should pay attention to cultural differences. 老师应该注意文化差异。 Hot pot is very important for the cultural life for Chongqing. 火锅对重庆的文化生活而言非常重要。 拓展：cultural的相关短语 cultural heritage 文化遗产 cultural identity文化认同 cultural exchange文化交流 cultural differences文化差异 【即时练习】 丰收节把中国优良传统文化和现代文明结合，也提升了文化自信。（完成译句） The Harvest Festival combines the excellent traditional Chinese ________ with modern civilization and improves ________ confidence. 3. It is 3.3 kilometers long, 2.8 kilometers wide and 2.5 meters deep on average. 它3.3千米长，2.8千米宽，平均2.5米深。 (教材P78 Activity 2） average 名词，意为“平均数”。on average意为“平均上，平均来看”。 E.g. The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。 400 people a year take part in this activity on average. 平均每年有400人参加这项活动。 归纳：average 作名词时的相关短语 an average of sth. 某物的平均数 the national average 全国平均水平 above/below average 高于/低于平均水平 E.g. Parents spend an average of 500 yuan a year on toys. 父母们平均每年在玩具上花费500元。 Class sizes in the school are below the national average. 这所学校的班级规模低于全国平均水平。 Temperatures are above average for the time of year. 温度高于此时的年平均温度。 拓展：average 还可作形容词，意为“平均的；普通的；平常的；一般的”。 E.g. The average age of volunteers was 15 years old. 志愿者的平均年龄为15岁。 I was just an average sort of student. 我只是一个普通的学生。 【即时练习】Though some movies make billions, most films lose money ________. A. on average B. in order C. by chance 4. As a Chinese saying goes, "Heaven above, Suzhou and Hangzhou below". 中国有句谚语，“上有天堂，下有苏杭”。 (教材P78 Activity 2） as a Chinese saying goes意为“中国有句谚语/俗语”。 E.g. As a Chinese saying goes, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". 中国有句谚语，“千里之行，始于足下”。 拓展：as a saying goes 常用来引出谚语、格言等，意为“俗话说；正如谚语所说”。 E.g. As a saying goes, "Seeing is believing". 俗话说，“眼见为实”。 【即时练习】As a Chinese saying ________ like this: He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. A. speaks B. tells C. goes D. talks 5. There is always something to see and it is beautiful all year round. 这里总有一些值得看的风景，一年到头 都很美丽。 (教材P78 Activity 2） all year round意为“一年到头”，也可用all year long 表达。 E.g. The climate in Kunming is pleasant all year round. = The climate in Kunming is pleasant all year long. 昆明的气候一年到头都很适宜。 【即时练习】1) 那里，一年四季都有许多阳光。（完成译句） There is lots of sunshine ________ ________ ________ there. 2) —________ do sparrows live in the north? —All year round. They don’t fly south for the winter. A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How much 6. As for the beautiful landscapes, the Broken Bridge is a must-see. 至于美丽的风景，断桥是必看景点。(教材P79 Activity 2） 1) as for sb./sth.意为“至于；关于”。 E.g. As for me, I like winter in Beijing. 至于我，我喜欢北京的冬天。 As for Linda, she is doing fine. 至于琳达，她做得不错。 2) must-see意为“必看（景点）；应当看的”。 E.g. The exhibit is a must-see for anyone interested in Chinese art. 这个展览是任何对中国艺术感兴趣的人必看的。 It's an interesting film but it's certainly not a must-see. 这是一部有趣的电影，但肯定不是必看的。 拓展：must-have/read/do意为“必有/必读/必做的”。 E.g. The phone quickly established itself as a must-have device. 手机很快就成为了必备设备。 The magazine is a must-read in the show business world. 这本杂志是演艺界的必读之作。 This is on my must-do list. 这是我必做的清单。 【即时练习】至于我，我通常每天做一些瑜伽来放松自己。（完成译句） ________ ________ me, I usually do some yoga every day to relax. 7. To make it strong and light as well, we built the whole stadium with a strong new material. 为了使它又结实又轻巧，我们用了一种很结实的新型材料来建造整个体育馆。 (教材P79 Activity 3） whole, 形容词，意为“全部的；整体的”。常用结构为“the whole+可数名词单数形式”。 E.g. A simple word changed the whole life of Lulu. 一句简单的话改变了露露的一生。 辨析：whole和all 单词 用法 whole 限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格) + whole + 可数名词单数。 all all + 限定词 (冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格) +不可数名词/可数名词复数。 注意：二者构成的短语结构可互换。如：the whole truth = all the truth所有实情 my whole life = all my life我的一生 E.g. She wasn't telling you the whole truth. 她没有告诉你所有实情。 —I will give all my money to you. 我将把我的钱全部给你。 —Thank you. 谢谢。 She rolled up all the windows. 她摇上了所有的窗户。 【即时练习】I spent ________ day cleaning my room yesterday. A. whole the B. the whole C. each D. every 8. It is also known for the beautiful design of its buildings. 它也因其建筑的精美设计而众所周知。(教材P80 Activity 2） be known for意为“因··而众所周知”。 E.g. The restaurant is known for its delicious seafood. 这家餐厅因为其美味的海鲜而众所周知。 辨析：be known for, be known as 和be known to 短语 意思 用法 be known for 因......而众所周知 后接出名的原因。可与be famous for 互换。 be known as 作为……而闻名 后接表示职业、身份的词。可与be famous as互换。 be known to 为……所熟知 后接表示人的词。可与be famous to互换。 E.g. Hangzhou is known for the West Lake. 杭州因为西湖而众所周知。 Lu Xun is known as a writer. 鲁迅作为一名作家而闻名。 He is known to our school. 我们学校的人都知道他。 【即时练习】Over a thousand years ago, silk began ________ the world. A. to be known for B. to be known to C. to be known as D. to be known by Theme Reading 1. To make better use of these water-filled rice fields, farmers raise fish and ducks in them. 为了更好地利用这些注满水的稻田，农民们在里面养鱼和鸭子。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 1) make better use of意为“更好地利用”。 E.g. You had better make better use of your money than before. 你最好比以前更好地利用你的钱。 链接：make good use of意为“好好地利用.......”。 E.g. You should make good use of your money. 你应该好好利用你的钱。 2) raise 及物动词，此处意为“饲养；培育：种植”。 E.g. My uncle raises pigs on the farm. 我舅舅在农场养猪。 链接：raise作及物动词时还可意为“募集，征集；举起，提起”。 E.g. We hold a food festival every year to raise money for charity. 我们每年举办一次美食节来为慈善机构筹钱。 —If you want to answer my question, please raise your hand.如 果你想回答我的问题，请举手。 —OK. 好的。 She raised her eyes from her work. 她停下了工作，抬起头看了看。 【即时练习】1) Ms. Jones was afraid that the old man couldn’t hear what she said, so she raised her ________. A. neck B. voice C. hand 2) 多亏了“双减”政策，学生们可以更好地利用他们的课余时间。（完成译句） Thanks to the Double Reduction Policy, students can _______ _______ ______ ______ their free time. 2. The first floor is for pigs and other animals, the second is a living area and the top floor is for storing rice.一楼用来养猪和其他动物，二楼是生活区域，三楼是储存稻谷的。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 英式英语和美式英语楼层表达有差异，英式的ground floor 是一楼，二楼从 first floor开始。 美式的first floor是一楼，二楼是second floor。如图所示： 【即时练习】The lab is on the first floor and the art room is on the ________ floor. A. one B. three C. second 3. Feel free to leave us any message below! 请随时在下方给我们留言！ (教材P82 Activity 1） 1) feel free to do sth. 意为“随时做某事”。 E.g. Feel free to ask questions if you don't understand. 你要是不懂，可以随时提问。 2) message 名词，意为“信息，消息”。leave sb. a message意为“给某人留言”， 可与leave a message for sb.互换。 E.g. He is out right now. You can leave a message for him. 他现在在外面。你可以给他留言。 拓展：message的相关短语 send sb. a message 给某人发信息 take a message for sb. 给某人捎个口信；传话给某人。 E.g. Please send me a message when you arrive in Beijing. 到北京了给我发个信息， Could you take a message for him, please? 请问您可以给他个口信吗？ 辨析：message 和 information 单词 词性 意思 用法 message 可数名词 信息 指通过某种媒介传递的具体内容，通常有明确的发送者和接收者，目的是传达特定意图或情感，通常有明确的沟通目标。常用于人际沟通，如短信、邮件等。 information 不可数名词 信息 指广义上的数据、事实或知识,可以是任何形式的内容，不一定有特定的发送者或接收者。用于提供知识或数据，目的是增加接收者的认知或理解。适用于科学研究、新闻报道、数据分析等场景。 E.g. —I'll send you a text message. 我会给你发一条短信。 —OK. 好的。 I'll write in for more information. 我要写信索取更详细的信息。‌‌ 【即时练习】1) —Excuse me. I want to see Mr Zhang. —Sorry. He isn’t in at the moment. You can ________ on his desk. A. take a message B. leave a message C. drop off 2) 如果你需要心理健康方面的帮助，请随时联系我。（完成译句） If you need help with mental health, please ________ ________ ________ contact me. Grammar in Use 1. A healthy diet is helpful for you to keep fit. 健康的饮食对你保持健康很有帮助。 (教材P83 Activity 2） be helpful for sb. to do sth.意为“做某事对某人有帮助”。此时helpful在这里作形容词，意为“有用的；有帮助的；乐于助人的”，常在句中作定语或表语。 E.g. Seeing English movies is helpful for you to improve your listening. 看英语电影对你提升听力有帮助。 She is always helpful and I like to work with her. 她总是乐于助人，我喜欢和她一起工作。 拓展：后缀-ful/-less构成的常用词归纳 名词 形容词 care小心 careful仔细的 careless 粗心的 help帮助 helpful 有帮助的 helples 无助的 use使用 useful 有用的 useless 无用的 hope 希望 hopeful充满希望的 hopeless 毫无希望的 【即时练习】—When I see you, you are always doing math exercises. —Yeah, I hope it can be helpful to ________ poor math. A. your B. my C. her 2. The host and hostess expect us to arrive on time. 男主人和女主人希望我们准时到达。 (教材P83 Activity 2） expect 动词，意为“期待；预计；要求，指望”。 expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期盼某人去做某事”。 E.g. Kangkang expected his parents to take him to the zoo when he was a little child. 康康还是一个小孩时，他总是期盼父母能带他去动物园。 拓展：expect的相关用法 expect to do sth. 期盼做某事 It is expected that... 人们认为...... E.g. Hello, Joe. I didn't expect to see you today. 你好，乔伊。我没想到今天会见到你。 It is widely expected that many students will take part in this volunteer activity. 人们普遍认为许多学生会参加这次志愿者活动。‌‌ 【即时练习】Karen expects ________ the book Red Star Over China next week. A. read B. to read C. reading 3. The teacher warns the students not to swim in the river. 老师警告学生们不要在河里游泳。 (教材P83 Activity 3） warn 动词，意为“劝告；警告；告诫”。 warn sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“劝告/告诫某人（不要）做某事” E.g. She warned me not to be late again. 她告诫我不要再迟到了。 拓展：warn的其他用法 warn sb. of about sth. 提醒某人注意某事 warn (sb.) against/about (doing) sth. 告诫(某人)不要(做)某事 warm sb. off doing sth. 劝……不要做某事; 建议……停止做某事 warm sb. off (sth.) (尤指以威胁的方式)叫……离开, 告诫……不要靠近 warn (sb.) + that从句 警告（某人）. E.g. My mother warn us about the danger of driving after drinking. 我妈妈提醒我们注意酒后驾驶的危害。 Parents should warn the children against playing with fire. 父母应当警告孩子们不要玩火。 He warned me off buying the house. 他劝告我不要购买这所房子。 The farmer warned us off his land when we tried to camp there. 我们想在那里露营，可是农场主警告我们不得靠近他的土地。 Kangkang's mother warned that he shouldn't play football in the street. 康康妈妈警告他不能在街上踢足球。‌‌ 【即时练习】The teacher warned the students ________ in the river. It’s too dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. don’t swim D. not swimming 4. In order not to be short of money, I'll take Xiao Ya's advice to make money by selling flowers. 为了不缺钱，我将听取肖雅的意见，靠卖花赚钱。 (教材P83 Activity3） be short of意为“缺乏..”。 E.g. This area is short of water. 这个地区缺水。 拓展：be short for意为“是·..·的缩写”。 E.g. TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写。‌‌ 【即时练习】________ the large population, we’ll _________ energy and water. A. Because; be short of B. Because of; be short of C. Because; be short for D. Because of; be short for 5. I'm looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。 (教材P83 Activity3） look forward to 意为“盼望”，着重指以特别愉快的心情期待。 注意：to为介词，而不是动词不定式符号，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词原形。 E.g. I am looking forward to the weekend. 我盼望着过周末呢。 I am looking forward to seeing him tomorrow. 我盼望着明天与他见面。‌‌ 【即时练习】My classmates and I are looking forward to ________ the football game tomorrow. A. watching B. watch C. to watch D. watches Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. When you open a map of China, you are sure to see a line across the northern China. 当你打开中国地图，你肯定会看见一条线横穿过中国的北部。(教材P85 Activity 2） open a map of China 意为“打开中国地图”，of在这里是所有格的标志，意为“关于，反映（某人或某事）”。 E.g. First, open a map of this street and find out the nearest bus station. 首先，打开这条街的地图，找到最近的公交车站。 拓展： map的相关短语 read a/the map 查看地图 on a/the map 在地图上 put sb./sth. on the map 使出名；使有重要性 off the map 偏僻；遥远 E.g. We should read a map before visiting a place. 在参观某地前，我们应该先查看地图。 Lulu found several mountains on the map of Henan. 露露在河南地图上发现了一些山。 Although the town was completely off the map, I was glad that I made the effort to visit. 尽管这个镇很偏远，但我还是很高兴自己大老远跑去游览了。 【即时练习】—Is this a map ________ China? —Yes, it is. A. in B. on C. of D. at 2. It is one of the most amazing wonders of the world. 它是世界上最令人惊叹的奇迹之一。(教材P85 Activity 2） “one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数形式”，意为“······中最······之一”，表示三者或三者以上中程度最高的。 E.g. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 链接：“one of＋名词复数”，意为“······中之一”，用于说明一个群体或集合中的一个成员。 E.g. Journey to the West is one of the four great classic novels of Chinese literature. 《西游记》是中国文学四大名著之一。 【即时练习】Firefighting robots will become one of ________ products in the near future. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 3. For thousands of years, the Great Wall stood there to keep out “enemies" from the north. 上千年来，长城屹立在那儿，挡住来自北方的“敌人”。 (教材P85 Activity 2） keep sb.／sth. out 意为“使······不能进入；防止进入；把······关在外面”。 E.g. Keep that dog out of my study. 别让那只狗进入我的书房。 It keeps the wind out from the window. 它能阻止风从窗户吹进来。 拓展：keep out“不进人; 留在外面”/ “避免某事; 使不卷入某事；使置身于.....之外; 使不受....的影响” E.g. The sign said ‘Children under 8 years old——Keep Out!' 告示牌上写着“8岁以下的孩子，不得入内。” Keep the baby out of the sun. 别让宝宝晒着。 归纳：keep的相关短语 keep sb/sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事 keep/stay away from 避免靠近；远离；勿靠近 keep on 继续 keep sb.up 使某人熬夜(或开夜车、不睡觉) keep up (with sb./sth.) (与..)齐步并进，并驾齐驱；跟上;与(某人/某物)保持联系 keep sb. sth.= keep sth. for sb. 为某人保留/留下某物 keep+ (sb./sth.) +adj. (使)（某人某物）保持/处于...... keep sb/sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事 keep doing sth. 继续/重复做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续/重复做某事 keep a secret 保守秘密 keep one's promise/word 遵守诺言 E.g. We must keep the children from playing computer games too much. 我们必须阻止孩子们过多地玩电脑游戏。 Keep away from the edge of the cliff. 切勿靠近悬崖边。 Keep on until you get to the supermarket. 一直往前走到超市。 Slow down—I can't keep up. 慢点，我跟不上了。 I hope we're not keeping you up. 希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。 How many of your old school friends do you keep up with? 你与多少老同学保持着联系? Please keep me a seat. = Please keep a seat for me. 请给我留个座位。 I'm very sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Keep smiling! 保持微笑! Don't keep on interrupting me! 别老是跟我打岔! Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗? She kept her promise to visit them. = She kept her word to visit them. 她遵守诺言去看望了他们。 【即时练习】1) The roof of the house is broken. It cannot ________ the rain. A. keep away B. keep from C. keep off D. keep out 2) Kate, keep ________ out for our bag. I will go to the toilet. A. eyes B. an eye C. ears D. an ear 4. To help soldiers quickly send messages, the ancient people designed some watchtowers on the wall. 为了帮助士兵们快速传递情报，古代的人们在城墙上设计了一些瞭望塔。(教材P85 Activity 2） on the wall 意为“在墙上”。此时 wall 在这里作名词，意为“城墙; 围墙; 隔墙”。 E. g. Colorful paintings hung on the walls. 墙上挂着五颜六色的画。 辨析：on the wall 和 in the wall 短语 意思 用法 on the wall 在墙上 强调某物在墙的表面上，如图画黑板、钟表等，这些物体只是附在墙上，而不是墙的一部分。 in the wall 强调某物镶嵌在墙的内部，如窗户、门、钉子等，这些物体实际上是墙的一部分。 E.g. There are some pictures on the waill. 墙上有一些画。 The window in the wall is made of wood. 墙上的窗户是木头做的。 【即时练习】她把她最喜欢的画挂在墙上了。（完成译句） She hung up her favourite painting ________ ________ ________. 5. It is not only a place of interest but also a symbol of the nation. 它不仅是一处名胜古迹，还是中华民族的象征。(教材P85 Activity 2） not only... but also... 意为“不仅......而且......”，常接两个并列的成分，但是前后两个成分是递进关系。连接主语时，谓语动词与就近主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循就近原则。 E.g. You are not only my teacher but also my friend. 你不仅是我的老师，而且还是我的朋友。 Not only I but also my sister likes this movie. 不仅我，我妹妹也喜欢这部电影。 链接：not...but... 意为“不是····而是····”。常接两个并列成分，not后接被否定的内容。 but后接被认可的事实，表示意思上的转折。 E.g.He went to Dalian not by train but by plane.他不是坐火车去的大连，而是坐飞机去的。 Not you but Kangkang made this mistake. 不是你而是康康犯了这个错误。 注意：not...but...连接主语时,谓语动词要与就近主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循就近原则。E.g. Not you but Lili is my best friend. 我最好的朋友不是你而是丽丽。 【即时练习】________ Jane ____ Susan dances well . A. Both;   and B. All;   of C. Not only;   but also Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. British tea culture began around 1660. 英国的茶文化起源于1660年左右。(教材P88 Activity 1） around，副词，意为“大约；四周，周围；环绕；转弯，调转”。 E.g. It is around 12 o'clock now. 现在大约12点。 I can hear laughter all around. 我可以听见周围的笑声。 How can you get the wheels go around? 你如何才能让轮子转起来？ 【即时练习】等一下，我带你四处看看。（完成译句） Wait a minute. Let me show you ________. 2. People drink tea at any time of the day. 人们在一天中的任何时候喝茶。 (教材P88 Activity 1） at any time（of...）意为“（在......的）任何时候，随时”。 E.g. If you have any questions, you can ask me at any time. 如果你有问题，可以随时何我。 I can hang out with you at any time of the day. 我在一天中的任何时候可以和你一起出去玩。 链接：time的相关短语 in time 及时 on time 准时 in no time 马上 at a time 每次 E.g. She gave me the bag in time. 她及时给了我这个包。 You should get to school on time. 你应该准时到校。 I will give you the money in no time. 我马上就会把钱给你。 【即时练习】遇到困难时，我们随时可以向它求助。（完成译句） When meeting with difficulties, we can ask it for help ________ ________ ________. 3. People have many choices of tea to choose from. 人们可以从很多种类的茶中选择。 (教材P88 Activity 1） 1）choose from 意为“从·····中选择”，后接选择的范围。 E.g. You can choose from the dreses. 你可以从这些裙子中选择。 辨析：choose from 和 choose 单词／短语 用法 choose from choose from后接选择的范围，表示“从.....中选择”。 choose choose后直接接选择的内容或对象，表示“选择.....”。 E.g. I choose from two books. 我从两本书中选择。（两本中选择其中一本） I choose two books. 我选择两本书。（两本都选择了） 注意：choose from 中的from不能省略。即为此处choose fom 意为“从.....选择”，choose 为不及物动词。如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动作的地点，工具等，作定语时其后应有必要的介词。 E.g. He has no pens to write with. 他没有笔来写。 Give me one chair to sit on. 给我一个凳子来坐。 That girl has nothing to worry about. 那个女孩没什么需要担心的。 Please give me some paper to write on. 请给我一些写字的纸。 【即时练习】There are many great books ________. I don’t know which one to buy. A. to choose B. to choose from C. choose 4. The ancient walls in the city are popular with the tourists. 这座城市的古城墙很受游客欢迎。 (教材P88 Activity 2） be popular with 意为“受.....欢迎”，指某人或某物在某群体中受到普遍喜爱和欢迎。 E.g. This book is popular with young people. 这本书受年轻人欢迎。 辨析：be popular with, be popular in, be popular for 和 be popular among 短语 意思 用法 be popular with 受.....欢迎 指某人或某物在某群体中受到普遍喜爱或欢迎。 be popular in 在.....流行 指某人或某物在某个地区或群体中非常受欢迎或流行。 be popular for 因.....而受欢迎 指因为某种原因而受到广泛喜爱或关注。 be popular among 在....中很受欢迎 指某人或某物在某个群体或环境中非常受欢迎或流行。 【即时练习】—Do you know the doll Labubu?                   —Yes. It looks both ugly and cute so that it is so popular ________ the young. A. in B. under C. among 5. There is a watchtower at every corner of the city walls. 在城墙的每一个角落都有一个瞭望塔。 (教材P88 Activity 2） at every corner of... 意为“在....的每一个角落”。 E.g. Love is at every corner of the world. 爱蔓延在世界的每一个角落。 There are so many red lanterns at every corner of the city. 红灯笼遍布这个城市的每个角落。 链接：corner的相关短语 on the corner 在拐角处 in the corner of... 在....角落里 E.g. There is a gym on the corner. 在拐角处有一个健身房。 The child sat in the corer of the room. 这孩子坐在屋子的角落里。 【即时练习】书店位于幸福路和西湖街的拐角处。(on the corner of) The bookstore is on ________ ________ ________ Xiahu Street and Xingfu Road. 6. Around 15,000 Roman soldiers began building the wall under the orders of Emperor Hadrian. 大概 15000 名士兵开始在哈德良皇帝的命令下修建城墙。 教材P89 Activity 3） under the orders of... 意为“奉命于……”，表示根据某人的命令或指示进行行动。此时order 在这里作名词，意为“命令”。 E.g. The couple were arrested this month under the orders of the high court. 奉高等法院的命令，这对夫妻这个月被逮捕了。 归纳： order 作名词时的相关短语 give an order发出命令 follow orders服从命令 in good order秩序井然 out of order 安排不当;出故障 take one's order点菜 in order按顺序 on order订购 public order 公共秩序 【即时练习】让我们把学习用具收拾好吧！（完成译句） Let’s put away our school things ________ ________! 单元语法 The suffix -y 后缀-y 后缀-y常接在名词、形容词和动词后，构成形容词或名词。具体如下： 规则 例词 名词 + y → 形容词 sun（太阳）→ sunny（阳光充足的）health（健康）→ healthy（健康的） salt（盐）→ salty（咸的） wealth（财富）→ wealthy（富有的） 名词 + y → 名词 soldier（军人）→ soldiery（军人, 军队） robber（强盗）→ robbery（抢劫） 形容词 + y → 名词 honest（诚实的）→ hoesty（诚实；正直） difficult（困难的）→ difficulty（困难） fat（胖的）→ fatty（胖子） 动词 + y → 名词 discover（发现）→ discovery（发现） injure（使受伤）→ injury（伤害） master（掌握）→ mastery（掌握；控制） The infinitive to do 动词不定式 1）不定式的形式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，称为带to的不定式；有时to可以省略，称为不带to的不定式。其否定形式为“not＋to＋动词原形”。 E.g. He wanted to run.（带to的不定式）他想跑。 Let him run.（不带to的不定式）让他跑。 Mom warned me not to play football in the street. 妈妈警告我不要在街上踢足球 注意: 这里的to只是个语法符号，没有词义。不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。 2） 动词不定式的用法 动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式，但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能、因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。 E.g. To learn Chinese well is usefull far us.（作主语）学好语文对我们有用。 It was difficult for him to play the piano. = To play the piano was difficult for him. 弹越琴对他来说太难了。 My task today is to help you with your homework.（作表语） 我今天的工作是帮助你完成作业。 I decide to visit Changsha.（作宾语）我决定去长沙旅游。 I heard him sing every morning.（作宾补）我每天听到他唱歌。 Would you like to have something to dink？（作定语）你想喝点什么吗？ I get up early to catch the carly bus.（作状语）我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。 Kangkaing didn't know what to do next.（疑问词＋to do）康康不知道下一步该怎么办。 3）不定式的句法功能 （1）作主语 动词不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词所起的作用。用作主语的动词不定式表示一种具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用三单形式。 E.g. To learn an art is very hard. 学习一种艺术非常难。 注意：动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，然后将实际主语不定式置于句尾。 拓展：常用it代替不定式作形式主语的句式为“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”,意为“做某事是···的。”。 E.g. It's hard to find which one is better. 找到哪个更好有点难。 具体如下： ① "It be difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary/...+ for sb. to do sth.”, 意为“对某人来说，做某事是困难的/简单的/重要的/不可能的/有必要/.......。”。(for sb.句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。该句型可转化为To do sth.+be+adj.+for sb.) E.g. It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour. = To finish writing the composition in an hour is difficult for us. 对我们来说，一个小时内完成作文很难。 ②"It be careless/clever/good/foolish/....+of sb. to do sth.”, 意为“某人做某事是粗心的/聪明的/好的/愚蠢的/···。”。(of sb.句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词。该句型可转化为：sb.+ be +adj. + to do sth..) E.g. It is stupid of you to write down everything that the teacher says. = "You're stupid to write down everything that the teacher says. 你把老师讲的都写下来是愚蠢的。 ③ “It+be+ n.+ to do sth.”, 意为“做某事……。”。 E.g. It was great fun to play with kids. 和孩子们玩真有趣。 ④“It takes/took sb.+时间+ to do sth.”, 意为“某人花多长时间做某事。”。 E.g. It took me one hour to get to the train sation. 我花了一个小时才到达火车站。 (2) 作表语 动词不定式可跟在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容，如职业、职责或性质等， 也可表示目的、愿望等。 E.g. Our duty is to help the children to grow better. 我们的任务就是帮助儿童更好地成长。 拓展：动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。 E.g. My dream is to be a teacher = To be a teacher is my dream. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 (3) 作宾语 ① 动词不定式可在某些动词后作宾语，如want to do sth.。 E.g. I really want to watch foothall matches. 我真的想看足球赛。 ② 在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词(what、 who、which)或连接副词(how、when、where)及连词whether之后接带to的不定式。 E.g. —I don't know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么办。 —Let me help you. 让我帮助你。 ③ 有些单词后面跟动词不定式时，常用it作形式宾语而将真正的宾语，即动词不定式后置。常见句型为“主语+find/consider/think/make it adj./n. to do sth.". E.g. She finds it interesting to play like this. 她发现这么玩很有趣。 归纳： 常用必备——常用不定式作宾语的动词 ( v.+ to do ) afford (承担得起) agree (赞成) arrange (安排) ask(要求) beg (恳求) choose (选择) dare (敢) decide (决定) determine (决定) expect (期望) hope (希望) learn (学会) long (渴望) manage (勉力完成) offer (主动提供) plan (打算) prepare (准备) pretend (假装) promise (承诺) refuse (拒绝) wait (等候) want (想要) wish (想要；希望) 口诀： 决心学会想希望，(decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish) 拒绝勉力假装承担， (refuse, manage, pretend, afford) 主动承诺选计划，(offer, promise, choose, plan) 渴望恳求同意，(long, ask, beg, agree) 敢准备安排等候 (dare, prepare, arange, wait) 注意：strive, happen, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 (4) 作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语；有的动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 E.g. I told Kangkang to join the club this moming. 我今天上午告诉康康参加这个俱乐部。 These pictures made me think of my childhood. 这些照片使我想起我的童年。 归纳： 常用必备——常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词 ( v.+ sb. + to do ) advise (建议) allow (允许) ask (要求) cause (导致) encourage (鼓励) expect (期望) forbid (禁止) force (逼迫) get (使) invite (邀请) order (命令) permit (允许) require(要求) teach (教) tell(告诉) want(想要) warn (警告) would like (想要) wish (想要；希望) 常用必备——常用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词 ( v.+ sb. + do ) feel (感受到) hear (听到) listen to (倾听) have (让) make (使) let (让) see (看见) watch (观看) notice (注意) observe (观察到) 口诀： 一感 (feel) 二听（hear, listen to） 三使 (have, make, let) 四看 (see, watch, notice, observe) 注意：这些感使动词在“主动变被动”时，to要补回来，let除外。 E.g. The boss made the workers work long hours. = The workers were made to work long hours by the boss. 老板让员工长时间工作。 (5) 作定语 动词不定式作定语，需放在被修饰词的后面，即“名词/代词+to do”。 ① 动词不定式和被修饰词之间是动宾关系。 E.g. Do you have anything to do this evening? 你今天晚上有什么事情做吗？ ② 被修饰词是动词不定式的逻辑主语，二者构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 E.g. The next person to speak was a foreigner. 下一位发言的是一个外国人。 注意： ① 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动作的地点、工具等，作定语时其后应有必要的介词。 E.g. He has no pens to write with. 他没有笔来写。 Give me one chair to sit on. 给我一个凳子来坐。 That girl has nothing to worry about. 那个女孩没什么需要担心的。 Please give me some paper to write on. 请给我一些书写的纸。 ② 如果动词不定式修饰的名词是time、place、way等，不定式动词后的介词习惯上省略。 E.g. This is the best way bo make friend (with). 这是一种最好的交友方式。 ③ 动词不定式修饰something、anything、nothing时，放在它们后面；若something, anything, nothing有形容词修，词序是“something/anything/nothing+adj. + to do" E.g. I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情告诉你。 It was a difficult decision to make. 这是个很难作出的决定。 归纳：用动词不定式作定语的其他几种情况： ① 表将来 E.g. I have three letters to write tomorrow. 我明天有三封信要写。 ② 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主谓关系。 E.g. He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作的最佳人选。 ③ 有些名词后常跟动词不定式，作定语，常见的有： ability (能力) anxiety (渴望) attempt (试图) chance (机会) decision (决定) eagerness (渴望) effort (努力) failure (失败) offer (主动提议) need (需要) promise (承诺) refusal (拒绝) waming (警告) E.g. Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我一个解释的机会。 I accept her offer to pay. 我同意她付钱的建议。 (6) 作状语 动词不定式（短语）作状语往往表示目的、结果或原因等。 ① 作目的状语 作目的状语的动词不定式可置于句首，也可置于句末，可与 in order to do 互换。 注意：常用于to do、in order to do / so as to do等结构中，表示“为了做”。 E.g. He came here to see me. 他来这儿是为了见我。 ② 作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语时常侧重出乎意料的情况。常用于too....to do sth.(太.......而不能做某事)、....enough to do sth.(足够......做某事)、so/such...as to do sth.(如此.......以至于做某事)等结构中。 E.g. He is too young to go to school. = He is not old enough to go to school. 他太小了，不能去读书。 ③ 作原因状语 不定式作原因状语时往往跟在表示高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾等情感形容词之后，说明产生这种情感的原因。常用于be glad/sad/happy/sorry/pleased/surprised/disappointed/shocked to do sth.结构中。 E.g. I'm pleased to be invited to talk here. 我很高兴被邀请来这里谈话。 (7) 作独立成分 不定式用作独立成分，往往是用作评注性状语。 E.g. To be honest, it was one of the worst books I've ever read. 说实话，这是我读过的最糟糕的书之一。 To tell (you) the truth, I am really afraid of going out alone. 说实话，我真的害怕一个人外出。 归纳：常用作独立成分的不定式短语 to be frank 坦率地说 to be honest 老实说 to begin/start with 首先 to tell (you) the truth 说实话 (8) “疑问词+动词不定式（短语）” 动词不定式（短语）可以和疑问代词who、whom、what、which或疑问副词when、how、where及连词whether连用构成“疑问词/连词+动词不定式（短语）”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 E.g. What to do is an important thing. (作主语) 要做什么是一件重要的事情。 I can't decide what to do. (作宾语) 我决定不了做什么。 The question is when to start. (作表语) 问题是什么时候开始。 归纳： 常用必备——常用“疑问词/连词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语的动词 ask (询问) consider (考虑) decide (决定) discuss (讨论) explain (解释) forget (忘记) know (了解) learn (学习) remember (记得) show (显示) tell (告诉) think (思考) understand (理解) wonder(想知道) 4) 动词不定式符号to的省略 ① but、except之前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后通常省略动词不定式符号to, 否则要带to。 (口诀：前有do, 后省to) E.g. Mr. Wang could do nothing but wait for his son to arrive. (有实义动词 do) 王先生除了等他儿子来之外别无他法。 I have no choice except to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实，我别无选择。 ② 在并列结构中，为了避免重复，可省略后一个动词不定式符号to。但两个动词不定式有对照或对比意义时，后一个to不能省略。 E.g. I’d like to stay with you, (to) help you and (to) learn from you. (避免重复) 我想和你待在一起，帮助你并向你学习。 I came not to blame you, but to praise you. (表示对比) 我来不是责骂你，而是表扬你。 ③ 主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。 E.g. What he wanted to do was (to) become a famous doctor. 他想要做的事情是成为一名知名医生。 语法知识点小测： 选词填空 从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空 (每个词或短语只能用一次)。   get along with;     slow;     in order to;    far;     pay attention to; to one’s surprise;     fall behind;     they;     become interested in;      rather than; 1．The students the life in space, so they decided to watch videos about space stations. 2．Franklin’s greatness goes than his achievements (成就). 3．Mr. Wu is telling the students how their friends. 4．Zhao Yuanren believed that it was best to focus on learning sentences single words. 5． , the small seed (种子) Daniel planted grew into a beautiful sunflower. 6．Children under three years old are too young to express clearly. 7．You had better every detail before handing in your test paper. 8．All your classmates are hard-working. If you don’t work harder, you . 9．Millie makes study plans for all the subjects get good grades in exams. 10．Kitty didn’t get the main idea after reading the article, so she is reading it than before. 二、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．The math problem was very hard, but I decided ________ and finally solved it. A．giving up B．not to give up C．to give up ( ) 2．Lily’s mother told her ________ too much candy. It’s bad for her teeth. A．not to eat B．not eating C．don’t eat ( ) 3．Do you have anything to ________? If something ________ you, do you know who ________? A．worry; worries; to go B．worry about; worries; to go C．worry; worries about; can go to D．worry about; worries; to go to ( ) 4．The parents always warn their children _________ mobile games during study time. A．not play B．don’t play C．not to play D．not playing ( ) 5．When I have trouble with my study, my head teacher always encourages me ________ up. A．not giving B．not to give C．doesn’t give D．to give ( ) 6．________ his job, Tom kept quiet about the accident. A．Not to lose B．To not lose C．Not losing D．Don’t lose ( ) 7．Every time I feel hopeless with my lessons, my teacher always encourages me ________ and keep trying until I make it. A．giving up B．to give up C．not giving up D．not to give up ( ) 8．During our trip to the farm, the farmer showed us ________ to pick fresh tea leaves in the morning and we learned well. A．when B．how C．what D．which ( ) 9．I have no idea how ________ the trouble. A．to do with B．can I deal with C．I can do with D．to deal with ( ) 10．The little boy looks sad. He doesn’t know who ________. A．to talk B．will talk C．talks to D．to talk to 三、完成译句 （根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。） 1．Could you please tell me how I can search the book online? (改为简单句) Could you please tell me how the book online? 2．事实上，很多人还不知道怎样使用智能设备来提升生活质量。 In fact, many people still don’t know smart devices to improve their quality of life. 3．I’m not sure how I should use the smart speaker properly. (改为简单句) I’m not sure use the smart speaker properly. 4．她期盼着在期中考试中取得好成绩。 She to get good in the mid-term exam. 5．我妈妈告诉我不要放弃。 My mother told give up. 6．为了看到整个城市，我们可以去最高的山。 see the whole city, we can go to the highest mountain. 7．天气预报说今天榆阳区有风。 The weather report says it’s in Yuyang district today. 8．高先生的工作是保持动物健康。 Mr. Gao’s job is the . 9．这部无聊的电影让我感到困倦。 The boring film makes me feel . 10．我最喜欢的保持健康的方式是使用锻炼应用来锻炼。 My favorite way of is to use an exercise app to work out. 四、完形填空 A few days ago, my parents told me that they would take me to Australia on vacation. I felt very happy about the 1 . Before I left home, I was so happy that I couldn’t sleep. It took 32 about two hours to get to Sydney by plane. It was my first time there, so 33 was interesting. First, we went to the Sydney Opera House. It was 34 wonderful! After we visited it, it was 11:50 a.m. We went to a 35 and ate some delicious food. After lunch, we went to Taronga Zoo. We saw a lot of animals there, 36 kangaroos (袋鼠) and koalas. They were very cute and friendly. When we 37 out of the zoo, it was 5:00 p.m. We were 38 , so we went back to our hotel to have a rest. We visited other interesting places during the next two days. In a word, there was a lot to 39 in Australia. I really 40 myself there. I hope to go there again. ( ) 1．A．service B．news C．grade D．tool ( ) 2．A．us B．you C．them D．him ( ) 3．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing ( ) 4．A．much B．only C．then D．so ( ) 5．A．restaurant B．park C．bank D．theater ( ) 6．A．because of B．such as C．in front of D．across from ( ) 7．A．jumped B．landed C．got D．pulled ( ) 8．A．happy B．outgoing C．wet D．tired ( ) 9．A．think B．see C．dislike D．choose ( ) 10．A．enjoyed B．cared C．shared D．forgot 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空或填入一个适当的词。 Last summer, I felt very 1 (luck) because I got to visit the Great Wall. It was a 2 (sun) day with clear blue skies—perfect for taking photos! My dream was 3 (see) this amazing landmark, and finally, I made it! In the morning, I was a bit 4 (sleep) after the long flight, but the view woke me up completely. 5 is wonderful to walk on the ancient stones. I tried 6 (climb) to the highest tower, and I succeeded! My parents told me 7 (wear) comfortable shoes, and it really helped. At sunset, the wall looked golden—what an amazing experience it was! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱八上 Unit 5 Amazing Places 单元知识梳理（背诵+讲解版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. It lies in the south of Anhui Province. 它位于安徽省南部。(教材P74 Activity 1B） 1）lie，动词，意为“位于；坐落在”。 E.g. Beijing lies in the north of China. 北京位于中国北部。 拓展：lie作动词时的其他意思 lie: 躺；平躺；平卧 / (思想、特征、问题等)存在；在于 E.g. Please lie down when you feel tired. 感到疲惫时，请躺下。 His success lies in his hard work. 他的成功在于努力工作。 2）south，名词，意为“南方”。 E.g. I live in the south of China. 我住在中国南方。 拓展： 表示方位的名词 3）in＋the＋方位名词＋of意为“在······（内部的）······（方位）”。 E.g. Chengdu is in the south-west of China. 成都在中国的西南部。 【即时练习】 1) China is ____D____ eastern country and it lies in ________ east of Asia. A. an; / B. a ; an C. /; an D. an; the 2）Harbin lies in the ____D____ of China. A. east B. south C. west D. north 2. The Great Wall runs from the west to the east in northern China. 长城在中国北部从西到东绵延开来。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） 1）from... to... 意为“从······到······”。 from the west to the east意为“从西到东”。 E.g. It's 880 meters long from the north to the south and 500 meters wide from the east to the west. 它从北到南有880米长，从东到西有500米宽。 2）northern，形容词，意为“北方的；向北的；北部的”。 E.g. —People like to eat noodles in northern China. 北方人喜欢吃面条。 —You're right. 你说得对。 拓展：表示方位的名词，加-ern可构成形容词，表示“......方向的”。 west (西，西方) → western (西方的) east (东，东方) → eastern (东方的) south (南，南方) → southern (南方的) north (北，北方) → northern (北方的) E.g. In some western countries, people like to eat hamburgers. 在一些西方国家，人们喜欢吃汉堡包。 【即时练习】 1) 在中国的北方，几乎每家都做饺子。（完成译句） In northern China, almost every family makes dumplings. 2) 春季通常是从三月到五月。（完成译句） Spring is usually from March to May. 3. Tian’anmen Square lies in the center of Beijing. 开安门广场位于北京的中心。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） in the center of意为“在···的中心”。此时center在这里作名词，意为“中心，中央”。 E.g. There is a small island in the center of the lake. 湖的中心有一座小岛。 辨析：center 和 middle 单词 用法 center 多指物体的正中心，常表示某一个空间、地域或物体的正中心； 表示“中央”时，强调的是一个点，习惯上指空间的“中央”，如圆和球的 中心，也表示抽象意义的中心。前可用介词in或at。 middle 指中间或中部，既可指空间也可指时间，还可指笼统的“中部”。前通常用介词in。 E.g. There is a table in the center of the room. 房子中间有一张桌子。 A black hole is at the center of the Milky Way. 银河系的中央有一个黑洞。 Kangkang sits in the middle. 康康坐在中间。 I am going to Beijing in the middle of May. 我五月中旬要去北京。 【即时练习】 市中心有一家非常现代的图书馆。（完成译句） There is a very modern library in the center of the city. 4. Tens of thousands of people come here to see the national flag-raising ceremony every morning. 每天早上，数以万计的人们来这儿看升旗仪式。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） tens of thousands of意为“数以万计的”。 E.g. Tens of thousands of singers will take part in the competition. 数以万计的歌手将会参加比赛。 归纳：类似结构有： hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 billions of 数十亿的 hundreds of thousands of 数以十万计的 hundreds of millions of 数以亿计的 注意：当 hundred／thousand／million／billion前面有具体的数字时，hundred／thousand／million／billion后不加s，也不与of连用，直接跟名词。当hundred／thousand／million／billion 与of 连用时，则表示不确定的数目，此时hundred／thousand／million／billion后需加s，意为“几百的；几千的；几百万的；几十亿的”。 【即时练习】1) There were _____B____ trees in the forest park in the past. A. thousand of B. thousands of C. three thousand of D. three thousands of 2) There are five ____A____ students in this school. And two ________ of them are girls. A. hundred, hundred B. hundreds, hundreds C. hundreds of, hundred 5. It is in the south of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park. 它位于北京奥林匹克公园中心区域的南部。 (教材P74 Activity 1B） central，形容词，意为“在中心的；中央的”。the central area 意为“中心地，中心区域”。 E.g. Central America 中美洲 the central area of the brain 大脑中枢 拓展：central的其他意思 central 容易到达的；交通方便的；四通八达的 / 最重要的；首要的；主要的 E.g. The flat is very central—just five minutes from Zhongshan Road. 这座公寓位于市中心，离中山路只有五分钟的路程。 —Prevention also plays a central role in traditional medicine. 预防在传统医学中也起着主导作用。 —Yes. 是的。 【即时练习】在秋天，成千上万的重庆人到中央公园观赏金黄的银杏树。(完成译句) In autumn, thousands of people in Chongqing go to Central Park to enjoy the golden ginkgo trees. 6. It's cold and dark out here, yet it's quite crowded already. 外面又冷又黑，但是（广场）已经十分拥挤了。 (教材P75 Activity 2） 1) yet，连词，意为“但是；然而”。 E.g. We know little about this kind of disease, yet we try to find more about it day and night. 我们对这种疾病所知甚少，但我们仍夜以继日地试图找到更多关于它的信息。 链接：表示转折的连词还有but和however。 E.g. She is slow in doing her homework, but she is the most careful student in her class. 虽然她作业写得很慢，但她是班里最认真的。 However, we have a long way to go. 但是，我们还有很长的一段路要走。 2) already 已经（表示动作已完成） E.g. It's quite crowded already. 已经十分拥挤了。 辨析： already 与 yet 的对比 单词 含义 常用句式 例句 already 已经 肯定句/疑问句(常位于句中：通常置于助动词或be动词之后、实义动词之前) He has already left. （他已经离开了。） yet 还（未） 否定句/疑问句(常位于句末) He hasn't left yet. （他还没离开。） 【即时练习】—Have you finished your task ____B____?    —Yes. I have ________ finished it. A. yet; yet B. yet; already C. already; already D. already; yet 7. We can't wait to see the national flag going up. 我们迫不及待地想看国旗升起。 (教材P75 Activity 2） 1）can’t wait to do sth．意为“迫不及待做某事”。 E.g. I can’t wait to see the new movie tonight. 我迫不及待地想今晚看这部新电影。 Kangkang can't wait to enjoy his mother's dishes at home. 康康迫不及待地想到家尝尝他妈妈做的美味。 拓展： can’t help doing sth. 意为“情不自禁做某事”。 E.g. I can’t help laughing when I think of those days with you. 当我想起和你一起度过的那些日子，我忍不住笑了起来。 2）see sb./ sth. doing sth．意为“看见某人／某物正在做某事”。在该结构中，现在分词（短语）作宾补， 强调看见某个动作正在进行。 E.g. He saw fireflies flying at night. 他晚上看见萤火虫在飞。 辨析：see sb.do sth. 和 see sb. doing sth. 短语 意思 用法 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 看到动作发生的全过程或者动作经常发生。 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 看到动作正在发生。 E.g. I often see her clean the classroom in the morning. 我经常看见她早上打扫教室。 I see her cleaning the classroom when I walk past. 我路过时看见她正在打扫教室。 总结：相似用法的词组还有 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 watch sb. do sth. 看某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 看某人正在做某事 E.g. I hear him play the piano every day. 我每天都会听见他弹钢琴。 I heard him playing the piano at 9 o'clock last night. 昨天晚上9点，我听到他正在弹钢琴。 3）go up意为“升起；（物价等）上涨；（温度等）上升”。 E.g. When the national flag goes up, I feel very proud. 当国旗升起时，我感到很骄傲。 Apples are going up in price. 苹果在涨价。 【即时练习】1) —I have a surprise for you, but you’ll have to wait until tomorrow. —____B____. You’re making me so excited. A. Thank goodness B. I can’t wait to see it C. Have a good trip 2) I wish to go to Tian’anmen Square and watch the national flag __C___. A. going up B. goes up C. go up D. to go up Function 1. Yes, there are more than 70 palaces in different sizes, and they are all buildings made of wood. 是的。（故宫）有70多个不同大小的宫殿，而且这些宫殿全部由木头制成。(教材P76 Activity 3） 1）be made of意为“由······制成”。 E.g. The table is made of wood. 这张桌子由木头制成。 辨析：be made of, be made from 和 be made in 短语 意思 用法 be made of 由······制成 通过制成品可以看出原材料。 be made from 由······制成 通过制成品看不出原材料。 be made in 在······制造 后面接地点名词。 E.g. This sweater was made of wool. 这件毛衣由羊毛制成。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头做的。 This table was made in China. 这张桌子产自中国。 2）wood，名词，意为“木；木头；木料；木柴”，此时既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词。 E.g. a piece of wood 一块木头 a wood floor 木地板 All the furniture was made of wood. 这里所有的家具是用木料制成的。 注意：wood还可意为“树林；林地”，为可数名词，也可用其复数形式woods表达这一含义。 E.g. a large wood 一大片森林 have a walk in the woods 在森林中散步 拓展：wood的形容词是wooden，意为“木制的，木头的”。 E.g. How hard the wooden floor is! 这木地板多么坚硬啊！ 归纳：名词后加-en可构成形容词，类似的词还有： wool (羊毛) → woollen (羊毛的) gold (金子) → golden (金色的) E.g. we keep sheep for their wooI and meat. 我们养羊是为了生产羊毛和羊肉。 I bought a woollen blanket for my mother yesterday. 昨天我给妈妈买了一条羊毛毯。 【即时练习】This kind of toy ____A____ wood and ________ China. A. is made of; is made in B. is made from; is made in C. is made from; is made by D. is made of; is made by 2. It's said that there are about 9,000 rooms. 据说大概有9000个房间。 (教材P76 Activity 3） “It’s said＋that从句”，意为“据说······”。it作形式主语，that后面接主语从句，为真正的主语。 E.g. It's said that there will be a football match tomorrow. 据说明天会有一场足球比赛。 注意：主句的时态不影响从句的时态，从句根据实际情况选择适当的动词形式。 E.g. It’s said that she was promoted last year. 据说她去年升职了。 归纳：“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”的句型还有： It is thought that... 人们认为....... It is believed that... 人们相信...... It is reported that... 据报道...... It is known that... 众所周知...... E.g. —It is thought that time is money. 人们认为时间就是金钱。 —Yes. 是的。 It is reported that Henan will develop fast in the following years. 据报道，河南在未来几年将会有大发展。 【即时练习】据说，谷雨时节喝茶可以让我们远离疾病。 It’s said that drinking tea during Grain Rain can make us stay away from illnesses. Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. Baiyang Lake is also rich in culture. 白洋淀文化底蕴也十分深厚。 (教材P78 Activity 1） rich 形容词，意为“丰富多彩的；富有的；油腻的” be rich in意为“富含；充满”。 E.g. She leads a rich and varied life. 她过着丰富多彩的生活。 Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 橘子含有丰富的维生素C。 拓展：rich的反义词是poor, 意为“贫穷的；贫寒的；可怜的；不善于···的”。 常用短语：be poor at (doing) sth. 不擅长（做）某事 be poor in 缺乏；贫乏；缺少 E.g. They were too poor to buy shoes for their kids. 他们穷得没钱给孩子买鞋。 Many companies are poor at dealing with telephone complaints. 许多公司不善于处理电话投诉。 In fact, Some countries are poor in water resources. 事实上，一些国家水资源贫乏。 【即时练习】 多年来，中国以其丰富的文化影响着世界。（完成译句） For many years, China has influnced the world with its rich culture. 2. There are many places of cultural interest for tourists to see. 游客可以参观很多文化名胜。 (教材P78 Activity 2） cultural 形容词，意为“文化的；与文化有关的”。culture是其名词形式，意为“文化”。 E.g. Teachers should pay attention to cultural differences. 老师应该注意文化差异。 Hot pot is very important for the cultural life for Chongqing. 火锅对重庆的文化生活而言非常重要。 拓展：cultural的相关短语 cultural heritage 文化遗产 cultural identity文化认同 cultural exchange文化交流 cultural differences文化差异 【即时练习】 丰收节把中国优良传统文化和现代文明结合，也提升了文化自信。（完成译句） The Harvest Festival combines the excellent traditional Chinese culture with modern civilization and improves cultural confidence. 3. It is 3.3 kilometers long, 2.8 kilometers wide and 2.5 meters deep on average. 它3.3千米长，2.8千米宽，平均2.5米深。 (教材P78 Activity 2） average 名词，意为“平均数”。on average意为“平均上，平均来看”。 E.g. The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。 400 people a year take part in this activity on average. 平均每年有400人参加这项活动。 归纳：average 作名词时的相关短语 an average of sth. 某物的平均数 the national average 全国平均水平 above/below average 高于/低于平均水平 E.g. Parents spend an average of 500 yuan a year on toys. 父母们平均每年在玩具上花费500元。 Class sizes in the school are below the national average. 这所学校的班级规模低于全国平均水平。 Temperatures are above average for the time of year. 温度高于此时的年平均温度。 拓展：average 还可作形容词，意为“平均的；普通的；平常的；一般的”。 E.g. The average age of volunteers was 15 years old. 志愿者的平均年龄为15岁。 I was just an average sort of student. 我只是一个普通的学生。 【即时练习】Though some movies make billions, most films lose money ____A____. A. on average B. in order C. by chance 4. As a Chinese saying goes, "Heaven above, Suzhou and Hangzhou below". 中国有句谚语，“上有天堂，下有苏杭”。 (教材P78 Activity 2） as a Chinese saying goes意为“中国有句谚语/俗语”。 E.g. As a Chinese saying goes, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". 中国有句谚语，“千里之行，始于足下”。 拓展：as a saying goes 常用来引出谚语、格言等，意为“俗话说；正如谚语所说”。 E.g. As a saying goes, "Seeing is believing". 俗话说，“眼见为实”。 【即时练习】As a Chinese saying ____C____ like this: He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. A. speaks B. tells C. goes D. talks 5. There is always something to see and it is beautiful all year round. 这里总有一些值得看的风景，一年到头 都很美丽。 (教材P78 Activity 2） all year round意为“一年到头”，也可用all year long 表达。 E.g. The climate in Kunming is pleasant all year round. = The climate in Kunming is pleasant all year long. 昆明的气候一年到头都很适宜。 【即时练习】1) 那里，一年四季都有许多阳光。（完成译句） There is lots of sunshine all year round there. 2) —____A____ do sparrows live in the north? —All year round. They don’t fly south for the winter. A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How much 6. As for the beautiful landscapes, the Broken Bridge is a must-see. 至于美丽的风景，断桥是必看景点。(教材P79 Activity 2） 1) as for sb./sth.意为“至于；关于”。 E.g. As for me, I like winter in Beijing. 至于我，我喜欢北京的冬天。 As for Linda, she is doing fine. 至于琳达，她做得不错。 2) must-see意为“必看（景点）；应当看的”。 E.g. The exhibit is a must-see for anyone interested in Chinese art. 这个展览是任何对中国艺术感兴趣的人必看的。 It's an interesting film but it's certainly not a must-see. 这是一部有趣的电影，但肯定不是必看的。 拓展：must-have/read/do意为“必有/必读/必做的”。 E.g. The phone quickly established itself as a must-have device. 手机很快就成为了必备设备。 The magazine is a must-read in the show business world. 这本杂志是演艺界的必读之作。 This is on my must-do list. 这是我必做的清单。 【即时练习】至于我，我通常每天做一些瑜伽来放松自己。（完成译句） As for me, I usually do some yoga every day to relax. 7. To make it strong and light as well, we built the whole stadium with a strong new material. 为了使它又结实又轻巧，我们用了一种很结实的新型材料来建造整个体育馆。 (教材P79 Activity 3） whole, 形容词，意为“全部的；整体的”。常用结构为“the whole+可数名词单数形式”。 E.g. A simple word changed the whole life of Lulu. 一句简单的话改变了露露的一生。 辨析：whole和all 单词 用法 whole 限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格) + whole + 可数名词单数。 all all + 限定词 (冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格) +不可数名词/可数名词复数。 注意：二者构成的短语结构可互换。如：the whole truth = all the truth所有实情 my whole life = all my life我的一生 E.g. She wasn't telling you the whole truth. 她没有告诉你所有实情。 —I will give all my money to you. 我将把我的钱全部给你。 —Thank you. 谢谢。 She rolled up all the windows. 她摇上了所有的窗户。 【即时练习】I spent ____B____ day cleaning my room yesterday. A. whole the B. the whole C. each D. every 8. It is also known for the beautiful design of its buildings. 它也因其建筑的精美设计而众所周知。(教材P80 Activity 2） be known for意为“因··而众所周知”。 E.g. The restaurant is known for its delicious seafood. 这家餐厅因为其美味的海鲜而众所周知。 辨析：be known for, be known as 和be known to 短语 意思 用法 be known for 因......而众所周知 后接出名的原因。可与be famous for 互换。 be known as 作为……而闻名 后接表示职业、身份的词。可与be famous as互换。 be known to 为……所熟知 后接表示人的词。可与be famous to互换。 E.g. Hangzhou is known for the West Lake. 杭州因为西湖而众所周知。 Lu Xun is known as a writer. 鲁迅作为一名作家而闻名。 He is known to our school. 我们学校的人都知道他。 【即时练习】Over a thousand years ago, silk began ____B____ the world. A. to be known for B. to be known to C. to be known as D. to be known by Theme Reading 1. To make better use of these water-filled rice fields, farmers raise fish and ducks in them. 为了更好地利用这些注满水的稻田，农民们在里面养鱼和鸭子。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 1) make better use of意为“更好地利用”。 E.g. You had better make better use of your money than before. 你最好比以前更好地利用你的钱。 链接：make good use of意为“好好地利用.......”。 E.g. You should make good use of your money. 你应该好好利用你的钱。 2) raise 及物动词，此处意为“饲养；培育：种植”。 E.g. My uncle raises pigs on the farm. 我舅舅在农场养猪。 链接：raise作及物动词时还可意为“募集，征集；举起，提起”。 E.g. We hold a food festival every year to raise money for charity. 我们每年举办一次美食节来为慈善机构筹钱。 —If you want to answer my question, please raise your hand.如 果你想回答我的问题，请举手。 —OK. 好的。 She raised her eyes from her work. 她停下了工作，抬起头看了看。 【即时练习】1) Ms. Jones was afraid that the old man couldn’t hear what she said, so she raised her ___B____. A. neck B. voice C. hand 2) 多亏了“双减”政策，学生们可以更好地利用他们的课余时间。（完成译句） Thanks to the Double Reduction Policy, students can make better use of their free time. 2. The first floor is for pigs and other animals, the second is a living area and the top floor is for storing rice.一楼用来养猪和其他动物，二楼是生活区域，三楼是储存稻谷的。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 英式英语和美式英语楼层表达有差异，英式的ground floor 是一楼，二楼从 first floor开始。 美式的first floor是一楼，二楼是second floor。如图所示： 【即时练习】The lab is on the first floor and the art room is on the ____C____ floor. A. one B. three C. second 3. Feel free to leave us any message below! 请随时在下方给我们留言！ (教材P82 Activity 1） 1) feel free to do sth. 意为“随时做某事”。 E.g. Feel free to ask questions if you don't understand. 你要是不懂，可以随时提问。 2) message 名词，意为“信息，消息”。leave sb. a message意为“给某人留言”， 可与leave a message for sb.互换。 E.g. He is out right now. You can leave a message for him. 他现在在外面。你可以给他留言。 拓展：message的相关短语 send sb. a message 给某人发信息 take a message for sb. 给某人捎个口信；传话给某人。 E.g. Please send me a message when you arrive in Beijing. 到北京了给我发个信息， Could you take a message for him, please? 请问您可以给他个口信吗？ 辨析：message 和 information 单词 词性 意思 用法 message 可数名词 信息 指通过某种媒介传递的具体内容，通常有明确的发送者和接收者，目的是传达特定意图或情感，通常有明确的沟通目标。常用于人际沟通，如短信、邮件等。 information 不可数名词 信息 指广义上的数据、事实或知识,可以是任何形式的内容，不一定有特定的发送者或接收者。用于提供知识或数据，目的是增加接收者的认知或理解。适用于科学研究、新闻报道、数据分析等场景。 E.g. —I'll send you a text message. 我会给你发一条短信。 —OK. 好的。 I'll write in for more information. 我要写信索取更详细的信息。‌‌ 【即时练习】1) —Excuse me. I want to see Mr Zhang. —Sorry. He isn’t in at the moment. You can ____B____ on his desk. A. take a message B. leave a message C. drop off 2) 如果你需要心理健康方面的帮助，请随时联系我。（完成译句） If you need help with mental health, please feel free to contact me. Grammar in Use 1. A healthy diet is helpful for you to keep fit. 健康的饮食对你保持健康很有帮助。 (教材P83 Activity 2） be helpful for sb. to do sth.意为“做某事对某人有帮助”。此时helpful在这里作形容词，意为“有用的；有帮助的；乐于助人的”，常在句中作定语或表语。 E.g. Seeing English movies is helpful for you to improve your listening. 看英语电影对你提升听力有帮助。 She is always helpful and I like to work with her. 她总是乐于助人，我喜欢和她一起工作。 拓展：后缀-ful/-less构成的常用词归纳 名词 形容词 care小心 careful仔细的 careless 粗心的 help帮助 helpful 有帮助的 helples 无助的 use使用 useful 有用的 useless 无用的 hope 希望 hopeful充满希望的 hopeless 毫无希望的 【即时练习】—When I see you, you are always doing math exercises. —Yeah, I hope it can be helpful to _____B____ poor math. A. your B. my C. her 2. The host and hostess expect us to arrive on time. 男主人和女主人希望我们准时到达。 (教材P83 Activity 2） expect 动词，意为“期待；预计；要求，指望”。 expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期盼某人去做某事”。 E.g. Kangkang expected his parents to take him to the zoo when he was a little child. 康康还是一个小孩时，他总是期盼父母能带他去动物园。 拓展：expect的相关用法 expect to do sth. 期盼做某事 It is expected that... 人们认为...... E.g. Hello, Joe. I didn't expect to see you today. 你好，乔伊。我没想到今天会见到你。 It is widely expected that many students will take part in this volunteer activity. 人们普遍认为许多学生会参加这次志愿者活动。‌‌ 【即时练习】Karen expects ____B____ the book Red Star Over China next week. A. read B. to read C. reading 3. The teacher warns the students not to swim in the river. 老师警告学生们不要在河里游泳。 (教材P83 Activity 3） warn 动词，意为“劝告；警告；告诫”。 warn sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“劝告/告诫某人（不要）做某事” E.g. She warned me not to be late again. 她告诫我不要再迟到了。 拓展：warn的其他用法 warn sb. of about sth. 提醒某人注意某事 warn (sb.) against/about (doing) sth. 告诫(某人)不要(做)某事 warm sb. off doing sth. 劝……不要做某事; 建议……停止做某事 warm sb. off (sth.) (尤指以威胁的方式)叫……离开, 告诫……不要靠近 warn (sb.) + that从句 警告（某人）. E.g. My mother warn us about the danger of driving after drinking. 我妈妈提醒我们注意酒后驾驶的危害。 Parents should warn the children against playing with fire. 父母应当警告孩子们不要玩火。 He warned me off buying the house. 他劝告我不要购买这所房子。 The farmer warned us off his land when we tried to camp there. 我们想在那里露营，可是农场主警告我们不得靠近他的土地。 Kangkang's mother warned that he shouldn't play football in the street. 康康妈妈警告他不能在街上踢足球。‌‌ 【即时练习】The teacher warned the students ____B____ in the river. It’s too dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. don’t swim D. not swimming 4. In order not to be short of money, I'll take Xiao Ya's advice to make money by selling flowers. 为了不缺钱，我将听取肖雅的意见，靠卖花赚钱。 (教材P83 Activity3） be short of意为“缺乏..”。 E.g. This area is short of water. 这个地区缺水。 拓展：be short for意为“是·..·的缩写”。 E.g. TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写。‌‌ 【即时练习】___B____the large population, we’ll _________ energy and water. A. Because; be short of B. Because of; be short of C. Because; be short for D. Because of; be short for 5. I'm looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。 (教材P83 Activity3） look forward to 意为“盼望”，着重指以特别愉快的心情期待。 注意：to为介词，而不是动词不定式符号，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词原形。 E.g. I am looking forward to the weekend. 我盼望着过周末呢。 I am looking forward to seeing him tomorrow. 我盼望着明天与他见面。‌‌ 【即时练习】My classmates and I are looking forward to ____A____ the football game tomorrow. A. watching B. watch C. to watch D. watches Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. When you open a map of China, you are sure to see a line across the northern China. 当你打开中国地图，你肯定会看见一条线横穿过中国的北部。(教材P85 Activity 2） open a map of China 意为“打开中国地图”，of在这里是所有格的标志，意为“关于，反映（某人或某事）”。 E.g. First, open a map of this street and find out the nearest bus station. 首先，打开这条街的地图，找到最近的公交车站。 拓展： map的相关短语 read a/the map 查看地图 on a/the map 在地图上 put sb./sth. on the map 使出名；使有重要性 off the map 偏僻；遥远 E.g. We should read a map before visiting a place. 在参观某地前，我们应该先查看地图。 Lulu found several mountains on the map of Henan. 露露在河南地图上发现了一些山。 Although the town was completely off the map, I was glad that I made the effort to visit. 尽管这个镇很偏远，但我还是很高兴自己大老远跑去游览了。 【即时练习】—Is this a map ____C____ China? —Yes, it is. A. in B. on C. of D. at 2. It is one of the most amazing wonders of the world. 它是世界上最令人惊叹的奇迹之一。(教材P85 Activity 2） “one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数形式”，意为“······中最······之一”，表示三者或三者以上中程度最高的。 E.g. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 链接：“one of＋名词复数”，意为“······中之一”，用于说明一个群体或集合中的一个成员。 E.g. Journey to the West is one of the four great classic novels of Chinese literature. 《西游记》是中国文学四大名著之一。 【即时练习】Firefighting robots will become one of ____D____ products in the near future. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 3. For thousands of years, the Great Wall stood there to keep out “enemies" from the north. 上千年来，长城屹立在那儿，挡住来自北方的“敌人”。 (教材P85 Activity 2） keep sb.／sth. out 意为“使······不能进入；防止进入；把······关在外面”。 E.g. Keep that dog out of my study. 别让那只狗进入我的书房。 It keeps the wind out from the window. 它能阻止风从窗户吹进来。 拓展：keep out“不进人; 留在外面”/ “避免某事; 使不卷入某事；使置身于.....之外; 使不受....的影响” E.g. The sign said ‘Children under 8 years old——Keep Out!' 告示牌上写着“8岁以下的孩子，不得入内。” Keep the baby out of the sun. 别让宝宝晒着。 归纳：keep的相关短语 keep sb/sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事 keep/stay away from 避免靠近；远离；勿靠近 keep on 继续 keep sb.up 使某人熬夜(或开夜车、不睡觉) keep up (with sb./sth.) (与..)齐步并进，并驾齐驱；跟上;与(某人/某物)保持联系 keep sb. sth.= keep sth. for sb. 为某人保留/留下某物 keep+ (sb./sth.) +adj. (使)（某人某物）保持/处于...... keep sb/sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事 keep doing sth. 继续/重复做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续/重复做某事 keep a secret 保守秘密 keep one's promise/word 遵守诺言 E.g. We must keep the children from playing computer games too much. 我们必须阻止孩子们过多地玩电脑游戏。 Keep away from the edge of the cliff. 切勿靠近悬崖边。 Keep on until you get to the supermarket. 一直往前走到超市。 Slow down—I can't keep up. 慢点，我跟不上了。 I hope we're not keeping you up. 希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。 How many of your old school friends do you keep up with? 你与多少老同学保持着联系? Please keep me a seat. = Please keep a seat for me. 请给我留个座位。 I'm very sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Keep smiling! 保持微笑! Don't keep on interrupting me! 别老是跟我打岔! Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗? She kept her promise to visit them. = She kept her word to visit them. 她遵守诺言去看望了他们。 【即时练习】1) The roof of the house is broken. It cannot____D___ the rain. A. keep away B. keep from C. keep off D. keep out 2) Kate, keep ___B__ out for our bag. I will go to the toilet. A. eyes B. an eye C. ears D. an ear 【详解】句意：凯特，注意我们的包。我要上厕所。 考查固定词组。A.eyes眼睛，复数；B.an eye一个眼睛；C.ears耳朵，复数；D.an ear一个耳朵； keep an eye out for表示留心某人(某事物), 固定词组。故选B。 4. To help soldiers quickly send messages, the ancient people designed some watchtowers on the wall. 为了帮助士兵们快速传递情报，古代的人们在城墙上设计了一些瞭望塔。(教材P85 Activity 2） on the wall 意为“在墙上”。此时 wall 在这里作名词，意为“城墙; 围墙; 隔墙”。 E. g. Colorful paintings hung on the walls. 墙上挂着五颜六色的画。 辨析：on the wall 和 in the wall 短语 意思 用法 on the wall 在墙上 强调某物在墙的表面上，如图画黑板、钟表等，这些物体只是附在墙上，而不是墙的一部分。 in the wall 强调某物镶嵌在墙的内部，如窗户、门、钉子等，这些物体实际上是墙的一部分。 E.g. There are some pictures on the waill. 墙上有一些画。 The window in the wall is made of wood. 墙上的窗户是木头做的。 【即时练习】她把她最喜欢的画挂在墙上了。（完成译句） She hung up her favourite painting on the wall. 5. It is not only a place of interest but also a symbol of the nation. 它不仅是一处名胜古迹，还是中华民族的象征。(教材P85 Activity 2） not only... but also... 意为“不仅......而且......”，常接两个并列的成分，但是前后两个成分是递进关系。连接主语时，谓语动词与就近主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循就近原则。 E.g. You are not only my teacher but also my friend. 你不仅是我的老师，而且还是我的朋友。 Not only I but also my sister likes this movie. 不仅我，我妹妹也喜欢这部电影。 链接：not...but... 意为“不是····而是····”。常接两个并列成分，not后接被否定的内容。 but后接被认可的事实，表示意思上的转折。 E.g.He went to Dalian not by train but by plane.他不是坐火车去的大连，而是坐飞机去的。 Not you but Kangkang made this mistake. 不是你而是康康犯了这个错误。 注意：not...but...连接主语时,谓语动词要与就近主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循就近原则。E.g. Not you but Lili is my best friend. 我最好的朋友不是你而是丽丽。 【即时练习】__C__ Jane ____ Susan dances well . A. Both;   and B. All;   of C. Not only;   but also Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. British tea culture began around 1660. 英国的茶文化起源于1660年左右。(教材P88 Activity 1） around，副词，意为“大约；四周，周围；环绕；转弯，调转”。 E.g. It is around 12 o'clock now. 现在大约12点。 I can hear laughter all around. 我可以听见周围的笑声。 How can you get the wheels go around? 你如何才能让轮子转起来？ 【即时练习】等一下，我带你四处看看。（完成译句） Wait a minute. Let me show you around. 2. People drink tea at any time of the day. 人们在一天中的任何时候喝茶。 (教材P88 Activity 1） at any time（of...）意为“（在......的）任何时候，随时”。 E.g. If you have any questions, you can ask me at any time. 如果你有问题，可以随时何我。 I can hang out with you at any time of the day. 我在一天中的任何时候可以和你一起出去玩。 链接：time的相关短语 in time 及时 on time 准时 in no time 马上 at a time 每次 E.g. She gave me the bag in time. 她及时给了我这个包。 You should get to school on time. 你应该准时到校。 I will give you the money in no time. 我马上就会把钱给你。 【即时练习】遇到困难时，我们随时可以向它求助。（完成译句） When meeting with difficulties, we can ask it for help at any time. 3. People have many choices of tea to choose from. 人们可以从很多种类的茶中选择。 (教材P88 Activity 1） 1）choose from 意为“从·····中选择”，后接选择的范围。 E.g. You can choose from the dreses. 你可以从这些裙子中选择。 辨析：choose from 和 choose 单词／短语 用法 choose from choose from后接选择的范围，表示“从.....中选择”。 choose choose后直接接选择的内容或对象，表示“选择.....”。 E.g. I choose from two books. 我从两本书中选择。（两本中选择其中一本） I choose two books. 我选择两本书。（两本都选择了） 注意：choose from 中的from不能省略。即为此处choose fom 意为“从.....选择”，choose 为不及物动词。如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动作的地点，工具等，作定语时其后应有必要的介词。 E.g. He has no pens to write with. 他没有笔来写。 Give me one chair to sit on. 给我一个凳子来坐。 That girl has nothing to worry about. 那个女孩没什么需要担心的。 Please give me some paper to write on. 请给我一些写字的纸。 【即时练习】There are many great books ____B____. I don’t know which one to buy. A. to choose B. to choose from C. choose 4. The ancient walls in the city are popular with the tourists. 这座城市的古城墙很受游客欢迎。 (教材P88 Activity 2） be popular with 意为“受.....欢迎”，指某人或某物在某群体中受到普遍喜爱和欢迎。 E.g. This book is popular with young people. 这本书受年轻人欢迎。 辨析：be popular with, be popular in, be popular for 和 be popular among 短语 意思 用法 be popular with 受.....欢迎 指某人或某物在某群体中受到普遍喜爱或欢迎。 be popular in 在.....流行 指某人或某物在某个地区或群体中非常受欢迎或流行。 be popular for 因.....而受欢迎 指因为某种原因而受到广泛喜爱或关注。 be popular among 在....中很受欢迎 指某人或某物在某个群体或环境中非常受欢迎或流行。 【即时练习】—Do you know the doll Labubu?                   —Yes. It looks both ugly and cute so that it is so popular ____C____ the young. A. in B. under C. among 5. There is a watchtower at every corner of the city walls. 在城墙的每一个角落都有一个瞭望塔。 (教材P88 Activity 2） at every corner of... 意为“在....的每一个角落”。 E.g. Love is at every corner of the world. 爱蔓延在世界的每一个角落。 There are so many red lanterns at every corner of the city. 红灯笼遍布这个城市的每个角落。 链接：corner的相关短语 on the corner 在拐角处 in the corner of... 在....角落里 E.g. There is a gym on the corner. 在拐角处有一个健身房。 The child sat in the corer of the room. 这孩子坐在屋子的角落里。 【即时练习】书店位于幸福路和西湖街的拐角处。(on the corner of) The bookstore is on the corner of  Xiahu Street and Xingfu Road. 6. Around 15,000 Roman soldiers began building the wall under the orders of Emperor Hadrian. 大概 15000 名士兵开始在哈德良皇帝的命令下修建城墙。 教材P89 Activity 3） under the orders of... 意为“奉命于……”，表示根据某人的命令或指示进行行动。此时order 在这里作名词，意为“命令”。 E.g. The couple were arrested this month under the orders of the high court. 奉高等法院的命令，这对夫妻这个月被逮捕了。 归纳： order 作名词时的相关短语 give an order发出命令 follow orders服从命令 in good order秩序井然 out of order 安排不当;出故障 take one's order点菜 in order按顺序 on order订购 public order 公共秩序 【即时练习】让我们把学习用具收拾好吧！（完成译句） Let’s put away our school things in order! 单元语法 The suffix -y 后缀-y 后缀-y常接在名词、形容词和动词后，构成形容词或名词。具体如下： 规则 例词 名词 + y → 形容词 sun（太阳）→ sunny（阳光充足的）health（健康）→ healthy（健康的） salt（盐）→ salty（咸的） wealth（财富）→ wealthy（富有的） 名词 + y → 名词 soldier（军人）→ soldiery（军人, 军队） robber（强盗）→ robbery（抢劫） 形容词 + y → 名词 honest（诚实的）→ hoesty（诚实；正直） difficult（困难的）→ difficulty（困难） fat（胖的）→ fatty（胖子） 动词 + y → 名词 discover（发现）→ discovery（发现） injure（使受伤）→ injury（伤害） master（掌握）→ mastery（掌握；控制） The infinitive to do 动词不定式 1）不定式的形式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，称为带to的不定式；有时to可以省略，称为不带to的不定式。其否定形式为“not＋to＋动词原形”。 E.g. He wanted to run.（带to的不定式）他想跑。 Let him run.（不带to的不定式）让他跑。 Mom warned me not to play football in the street. 妈妈警告我不要在街上踢足球 注意: 这里的to只是个语法符号，没有词义。不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。 2） 动词不定式的用法 动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式，但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能、因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。 E.g. To learn Chinese well is usefull far us.（作主语）学好语文对我们有用。 It was difficult for him to play the piano. = To play the piano was difficult for him. 弹越琴对他来说太难了。 My task today is to help you with your homework.（作表语） 我今天的工作是帮助你完成作业。 I decide to visit Changsha.（作宾语）我决定去长沙旅游。 I heard him sing every morning.（作宾补）我每天听到他唱歌。 Would you like to have something to dink？（作定语）你想喝点什么吗？ I get up early to catch the carly bus.（作状语）我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。 Kangkaing didn't know what to do next.（疑问词＋to do）康康不知道下一步该怎么办。 3）不定式的句法功能 （1）作主语 动词不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词所起的作用。用作主语的动词不定式表示一种具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用三单形式。 E.g. To learn an art is very hard. 学习一种艺术非常难。 注意：动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，然后将实际主语不定式置于句尾。 拓展：常用it代替不定式作形式主语的句式为“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”,意为“做某事是···的。”。 E.g. It's hard to find which one is better. 找到哪个更好有点难。 具体如下： ① "It be difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary/...+ for sb. to do sth.”, 意为“对某人来说，做某事是困难的/简单的/重要的/不可能的/有必要/.......。”。(for sb.句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。该句型可转化为To do sth.+be+adj.+for sb.) E.g. It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour. = To finish writing the composition in an hour is difficult for us. 对我们来说，一个小时内完成作文很难。 ②"It be careless/clever/good/foolish/....+of sb. to do sth.”, 意为“某人做某事是粗心的/聪明的/好的/愚蠢的/···。”。(of sb.句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词。该句型可转化为：sb.+ be +adj. + to do sth..) E.g. It is stupid of you to write down everything that the teacher says. = "You're stupid to write down everything that the teacher says. 你把老师讲的都写下来是愚蠢的。 ③ “It+be+ n.+ to do sth.”, 意为“做某事……。”。 E.g. It was great fun to play with kids. 和孩子们玩真有趣。 ④“It takes/took sb.+时间+ to do sth.”, 意为“某人花多长时间做某事。”。 E.g. It took me one hour to get to the train sation. 我花了一个小时才到达火车站。 (2) 作表语 动词不定式可跟在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容，如职业、职责或性质等， 也可表示目的、愿望等。 E.g. Our duty is to help the children to grow better. 我们的任务就是帮助儿童更好地成长。 拓展：动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。 E.g. My dream is to be a teacher = To be a teacher is my dream. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。 (3) 作宾语 ① 动词不定式可在某些动词后作宾语，如want to do sth.。 E.g. I really want to watch foothall matches. 我真的想看足球赛。 ② 在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词(what、 who、which)或连接副词(how、when、where)及连词whether之后接带to的不定式。 E.g. —I don't know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么办。 —Let me help you. 让我帮助你。 ③ 有些单词后面跟动词不定式时，常用it作形式宾语而将真正的宾语，即动词不定式后置。常见句型为“主语+find/consider/think/make it adj./n. to do sth.". E.g. She finds it interesting to play like this. 她发现这么玩很有趣。 归纳： 常用必备——常用不定式作宾语的动词 ( v.+ to do ) afford (承担得起) agree (赞成) arrange (安排) ask(要求) beg (恳求) choose (选择) dare (敢) decide (决定) determine (决定) expect (期望) hope (希望) learn (学会) long (渴望) manage (勉力完成) offer (主动提供) plan (打算) prepare (准备) pretend (假装) promise (承诺) refuse (拒绝) wait (等候) want (想要) wish (想要；希望) 口诀： 决心学会想希望，(decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish) 拒绝勉力假装承担， (refuse, manage, pretend, afford) 主动承诺选计划，(offer, promise, choose, plan) 渴望恳求同意，(long, ask, beg, agree) 敢准备安排等候 (dare, prepare, arange, wait) 注意：strive, happen, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 (4) 作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语；有的动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 E.g. I told Kangkang to join the club this moming. 我今天上午告诉康康参加这个俱乐部。 These pictures made me think of my childhood. 这些照片使我想起我的童年。 归纳： 常用必备——常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词 ( v.+ sb. + to do ) advise (建议) allow (允许) ask (要求) cause (导致) encourage (鼓励) expect (期望) forbid (禁止) force (逼迫) get (使) invite (邀请) order (命令) permit (允许) require(要求) teach (教) tell(告诉) want(想要) warn (警告) would like (想要) wish (想要；希望) 常用必备——常用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词 ( v.+ sb. + do ) feel (感受到) hear (听到) listen to (倾听) have (让) make (使) let (让) see (看见) watch (观看) notice (注意) observe (观察到) 口诀： 一感 (feel) 二听（hear, listen to） 三使 (have, make, let) 四看 (see, watch, notice, observe) 注意：这些感使动词在“主动变被动”时，to要补回来，let除外。 E.g. The boss made the workers work long hours. = The workers were made to work long hours by the boss. 老板让员工长时间工作。 (5) 作定语 动词不定式作定语，需放在被修饰词的后面，即“名词/代词+to do”。 ① 动词不定式和被修饰词之间是动宾关系。 E.g. Do you have anything to do this evening? 你今天晚上有什么事情做吗？ ② 被修饰词是动词不定式的逻辑主语，二者构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 E.g. The next person to speak was a foreigner. 下一位发言的是一个外国人。 注意： ① 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动作的地点、工具等，作定语时其后应有必要的介词。 E.g. He has no pens to write with. 他没有笔来写。 Give me one chair to sit on. 给我一个凳子来坐。 That girl has nothing to worry about. 那个女孩没什么需要担心的。 Please give me some paper to write on. 请给我一些书写的纸。 ② 如果动词不定式修饰的名词是time、place、way等，不定式动词后的介词习惯上省略。 E.g. This is the best way bo make friend (with). 这是一种最好的交友方式。 ③ 动词不定式修饰something、anything、nothing时，放在它们后面；若something, anything, nothing有形容词修，词序是“something/anything/nothing+adj. + to do" E.g. I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情告诉你。 It was a difficult decision to make. 这是个很难作出的决定。 归纳：用动词不定式作定语的其他几种情况： ① 表将来 E.g. I have three letters to write tomorrow. 我明天有三封信要写。 ② 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主谓关系。 E.g. He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作的最佳人选。 ③ 有些名词后常跟动词不定式，作定语，常见的有： ability (能力) anxiety (渴望) attempt (试图) chance (机会) decision (决定) eagerness (渴望) effort (努力) failure (失败) offer (主动提议) need (需要) promise (承诺) refusal (拒绝) waming (警告) E.g. Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我一个解释的机会。 I accept her offer to pay. 我同意她付钱的建议。 (6) 作状语 动词不定式（短语）作状语往往表示目的、结果或原因等。 ① 作目的状语 作目的状语的动词不定式可置于句首，也可置于句末，可与 in order to do 互换。 注意：常用于to do、in order to do / so as to do等结构中，表示“为了做”。 E.g. He came here to see me. 他来这儿是为了见我。 ② 作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语时常侧重出乎意料的情况。常用于too....to do sth.(太.......而不能做某事)、....enough to do sth.(足够......做某事)、so/such...as to do sth.(如此.......以至于做某事)等结构中。 E.g. He is too young to go to school. = He is not old enough to go to school. 他太小了，不能去读书。 ③ 作原因状语 不定式作原因状语时往往跟在表示高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾等情感形容词之后，说明产生这种情感的原因。常用于be glad/sad/happy/sorry/pleased/surprised/disappointed/shocked to do sth.结构中。 E.g. I'm pleased to be invited to talk here. 我很高兴被邀请来这里谈话。 (7) 作独立成分 不定式用作独立成分，往往是用作评注性状语。 E.g. To be honest, it was one of the worst books I've ever read. 说实话，这是我读过的最糟糕的书之一。 To tell (you) the truth, I am really afraid of going out alone. 说实话，我真的害怕一个人外出。 归纳：常用作独立成分的不定式短语 to be frank 坦率地说 to be honest 老实说 to begin/start with 首先 to tell (you) the truth 说实话 (8) “疑问词+动词不定式（短语）” 动词不定式（短语）可以和疑问代词who、whom、what、which或疑问副词when、how、where及连词whether连用构成“疑问词/连词+动词不定式（短语）”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 E.g. What to do is an important thing. (作主语) 要做什么是一件重要的事情。 I can't decide what to do. (作宾语) 我决定不了做什么。 The question is when to start. (作表语) 问题是什么时候开始。 归纳： 常用必备——常用“疑问词/连词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语的动词 ask (询问) consider (考虑) decide (决定) discuss (讨论) explain (解释) forget (忘记) know (了解) learn (学习) remember (记得) show (显示) tell (告诉) think (思考) understand (理解) wonder(想知道) 4) 动词不定式符号to的省略 ① but、except之前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后通常省略动词不定式符号to, 否则要带to。 (口诀：前有do, 后省to) E.g. Mr. Wang could do nothing but wait for his son to arrive. (有实义动词 do) 王先生除了等他儿子来之外别无他法。 I have no choice except to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实，我别无选择。 ② 在并列结构中，为了避免重复，可省略后一个动词不定式符号to。但两个动词不定式有对照或对比意义时，后一个to不能省略。 E.g. I’d like to stay with you, (to) help you and (to) learn from you. (避免重复) 我想和你待在一起，帮助你并向你学习。 I came not to blame you, but to praise you. (表示对比) 我来不是责骂你，而是表扬你。 ③ 主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。 E.g. What he wanted to do was (to) become a famous doctor. 他想要做的事情是成为一名知名医生。 语法知识点小测： 选词填空 从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空 (每个词或短语只能用一次)。   get along with;     slow;     in order to;    far;     pay attention to; to one’s surprise;     fall behind;     they;     become interested in;      rather than; 1．The students the life in space, so they decided to watch videos about space stations. 2．Franklin’s greatness goes than his achievements (成就). 3．Mr. Wu is telling the students how their friends. 4．Zhao Yuanren believed that it was best to focus on learning sentences single words. 5． , the small seed (种子) Daniel planted grew into a beautiful sunflower. 6．Children under three years old are too young to express clearly. 7．You had better every detail before handing in your test paper. 8．All your classmates are hard-working. If you don’t work harder, you . 9．Millie makes study plans for all the subjects get good grades in exams. 10．Kitty didn’t get the main idea after reading the article, so she is reading it than before. 【答案】1．became interested in 2．further 3．to get along with 4．rather than 5．To his surprise 6．themselves 7．pay attention to 8．will fall behind 9．in order to 10．more slowly 【解析】1．句意：学生们对太空生活产生了兴趣，所以他们决定观看关于空间站的视频。根据“so they decided to watch videos about space stations”可知，学生们对太空生活感兴趣，结合备选词，become interested in符合语境，结合decided可知用过去式，故填became interested in。 2．句意：富兰克林的伟大超越了他的成就。根据“than”可知用比较级，结合备选词，far的比较级further (侧重程度上的“更进一步”) 表示“更进一步”，符合语境，故填further。 3．句意：吴老师正在告诉学生们如何与朋友相处。根据“to their friends”可知是与朋友相处，结合备选词，get along with符合语境，how to do sth结构中用动词不定式，故填to get along with。 4．句意：赵元任认为最好专注于学习句子而不是单个单词。根据“focus on learning sentences...single words”可知是对比关系，结合备选词，rather than符合语境，故填rather than。 5．句意：令他惊讶的是，他种下的小种子长成了一朵美丽的向日葵。根据“the small seed Daniel planted grew into a beautiful sunflower”可知这件事很意外，结合备选词，to one’s surprise”符合语境，此处指丹尼尔，故填To his surprise。 6．句意：三岁以下的儿童太小，无法清楚地表达自己。根据“Children under three years old”可知是表达他们自己，结合备选词，they的反身代词themselves符合语境，故填themselves。 7．句意：在交试卷之前，你最好注意每一个细节。根据“every detail before handing in your test paper”可知是注意细节，结合备选词，pay attention to符合语境，had better do sth中用动词原形，故填pay attention to。 8．句意：你所有的同学都很努力。如果你不更努力学习，你就会落后。根据“If you don’t work harder”可知会落后，结合备选词，fall behind符合语境，if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，故填will fall behind。 9．句意：米莉为所有科目制定学习计划是为了在考试中取得好成绩。根据“get good grades in exams”可知是目的，结合备选词，in order to符合语境，故填in order to。 10．句意：基蒂读完文章后没有抓住主旨，所以她读得比以前慢了。根据“than before”可知用比较级，结合备选词，slow的副词比较级more slowly符合语境，故填more slowly。 二、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．The math problem was very hard, but I decided ________ and finally solved it. A．giving up B．not to give up C．to give up 【答案】B 【详解】句意： 这道数学题很难，但我决定不放弃，最终解决了它。 考查非谓语动词。 giving up放弃，动名词形式；not to give up不放弃，不定式的否定形式；to give up放弃，不定式形式。根据“The math problem was very hard, but…”和结果“finally solved it”可知，前后为转折关系，此处应为“决定不放弃”；动词“decide”后常接动词不定式作宾语，其否定形式为“decide not to do”。故选B。 ( ) 2．Lily’s mother told her ________ too much candy. It’s bad for her teeth. A．not to eat B．not eating C．don’t eat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：莉莉的妈妈告诉她不要吃太多糖，这对她的牙齿不好。 考查动词不定式的否定形式作宾语补足语。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选A。 ( ) 3．Do you have anything to ________? If something ________ you, do you know who ________? A．worry; worries; to go B．worry about; worries; to go C．worry; worries about; can go to D．worry about; worries; to go to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你有什么担心的事吗？如果有事困扰你，你知道去找谁吗？ 考查动词短语、动词时态以及非谓语动词。worry使……担心；worry about担心，及物动词短语。第一空，表示“担心某事”，应用worry about，排除A和C；第二空，主语是something，为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式，即worries；第三空，此处表示“去找谁”，应用动词不定式，且go为不及物动词，后接宾语需加介词to，即to go to。故选D。 ( ) 4．The parents always warn their children _________ mobile games during study time. A．not play B．don’t play C．not to play D．not playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：父母总是警告他们的孩子在学习时间不要玩手机游戏。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb. not to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“警告某人不要做某事”，所以此处应该用动词不定式形式，且根据语境可知，此处是警告孩子不要在学习时间玩手机游戏，所以应该用否定形式not to play。故选C。 ( ) 5．When I have trouble with my study, my head teacher always encourages me ________ up. A．not giving B．not to give C．doesn’t give D．to give 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我在学习上遇到困难时，我的班主任总是鼓励我不要放弃。 考查非谓语动词。根据“my head teacher always encourages me...up.”可知，班主任是鼓励“我”不要放弃。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，其否定形式为encourage sb. not to do sth.，表示“鼓励某人不要做某事”。故选B。 ( ) 6．________ his job, Tom kept quiet about the accident. A．Not to lose B．To not lose C．Not losing D．Don’t lose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了不丢掉工作，汤姆对事故保持沉默。 考查非谓语动词的否定形式。根据“…his job, Tom kept quiet about the accident.”可知，空格处需用不定式的否定形式表示目的，且“not”应置于“to”之前，符合“not to lose”的结构。故选A。 ( ) 7．Every time I feel hopeless with my lessons, my teacher always encourages me ________ and keep trying until I make it. A．giving up B．to give up C．not giving up D．not to give up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每次我对功课感到绝望时，我的老师总是鼓励我不要放弃，继续努力直到成功。 考查动词不定式的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”，其否定形式为encourage sb. not to do sth.，表示“鼓励某人不要做某事”。根据“keep trying until I make it”可知，老师是鼓励我不要放弃，因此选择not to give up。故选D。 ( ) 8．During our trip to the farm, the farmer showed us ________ to pick fresh tea leaves in the morning and we learned well. A．when B．how C．what D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在去农场的旅行中，早上农民向我们展示了如何采摘新鲜的茶叶，我们学得很好。 考查疑问词辨析。when什么时候；how如何；what什么；which哪一个。根据“the farmer showed us...to pick fresh tea leaves”可知，此处指农民向我们展示如何采摘新鲜茶叶，用how表示“如何”。故选B。 ( ) 9．I have no idea how ________ the trouble. A．to do with B．can I deal with C．I can do with D．to deal with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不知道该如何处理这个麻烦。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。do with“处理”，强调处理的对象，常与what搭配；deal with“处理”，强调处理的方式，常与how搭配。宾语从句应为陈述句语序，排除B项。故选D。 ( ) 10．The little boy looks sad. He doesn’t know who ________. A．to talk B．will talk C．talks to D．to talk to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个小男孩看起来很伤心。他不知道该和谁说话。 考查非谓语动词。此处为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，所以排除选项B和C；talk 为不及物动词，需接介词 to，可知排除A。故选 D。 三、完成译句 （根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。） 1．Could you please tell me how I can search the book online? (改为简单句) Could you please tell me how the book online? 【答案】 to search 【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎样在网上搜索这本书吗？原句是宾语从句，改为简单句时，需将宾语从句改为“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。故填to；search。 2．事实上，很多人还不知道怎样使用智能设备来提升生活质量。 In fact, many people still don’t know smart devices to improve their quality of life. 【答案】 how to use 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“怎样使用”，其英文表达为how to use，为“how+动词不定式”结构。故填how；to；use。 3．I’m not sure how I should use the smart speaker properly. (改为简单句) I’m not sure use the smart speaker properly. 【答案】 how to 【详解】句意：我不确定该如何正确使用智能扬声器。原句是how引导的宾语从句，此处宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，故填how；to。 4．她期盼着在期中考试中取得好成绩。 She to get good in the mid-term exam. 【答案】 expects grades 【详解】根据中英文对照可知缺少“期盼”和“成绩”。“期盼”expect，主语是she，句子是一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式expects；“取得好成绩”get good grades，固定短语。故填expects；grades。 5．我妈妈告诉我不要放弃。 My mother told give up. 【答案】 me not to 【详解】根据题干可知，此处为固定短语tell sb (not) to do sth，表示“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，动词后接宾格me表示“我”，故填me；not；to。 6．为了看到整个城市，我们可以去最高的山。 see the whole city, we can go to the highest mountain. 【答案】In order to/To 【详解】为了……：in order to，固定短语，也可用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了看到整个城市”。置于句首时首字母需大写。故填In order to/To。 7．天气预报说今天榆阳区有风。 The weather report says it’s in Yuyang district today. 【答案】windy 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处需填“有风的”，对应的英文是“windy”，形容词作表语。故填windy。 8．高先生的工作是保持动物健康。 Mr. Gao’s job is the . 【答案】 to keep animals healthy 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“保持动物健康”的表达。根据“Mr. Gao’s job is...”可知，“is to do sth.”结构常用来表示“是去做某事”，这里 “to keep...” 表示工作的具体内容是 “去保持……” ；“keep”常见用法 “keep+宾语+形容词”，意思是 “使……处于某种状态”；动物animal，这里表示泛指的动物，要用复数形式“animals”；健康的healthy；故填to；keep；animals；healthy。 9．这部无聊的电影让我感到困倦。 The boring film makes me feel . 【答案】sleepy 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，“困倦的”对应的英文单词是sleepy，“make sb. feel + 形容词”为固定结构，表示“使某人感到……”。故填sleepy。 10．我最喜欢的保持健康的方式是使用锻炼应用来锻炼。 My favorite way of is to use an exercise app to work out. 【答案】 keeping fit/healthy 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“保持健康”，其英文表达为keep fit/healthy，介词of后接动名词，keep的动名词是keeping，故填keeping fit/healthy。 四、完形填空 A few days ago, my parents told me that they would take me to Australia on vacation. I felt very happy about the 1 . Before I left home, I was so happy that I couldn’t sleep. It took 32 about two hours to get to Sydney by plane. It was my first time there, so 33 was interesting. First, we went to the Sydney Opera House. It was 34 wonderful! After we visited it, it was 11:50 a.m. We went to a 35 and ate some delicious food. After lunch, we went to Taronga Zoo. We saw a lot of animals there, 36 kangaroos (袋鼠) and koalas. They were very cute and friendly. When we 37 out of the zoo, it was 5:00 p.m. We were 38 , so we went back to our hotel to have a rest. We visited other interesting places during the next two days. In a word, there was a lot to 39 in Australia. I really 40 myself there. I hope to go there again. ( ) 1．A．service B．news C．grade D．tool ( ) 2．A．us B．you C．them D．him ( ) 3．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing ( ) 4．A．much B．only C．then D．so ( ) 5．A．restaurant B．park C．bank D．theater ( ) 6．A．because of B．such as C．in front of D．across from ( ) 7．A．jumped B．landed C．got D．pulled ( ) 8．A．happy B．outgoing C．wet D．tired ( ) 9．A．think B．see C．dislike D．choose ( ) 10．A．enjoyed B．cared C．shared D．forgot 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述作者因父母告知将去澳大利亚度假而兴奋，随后描述了在悉尼的旅行经历，包括参观歌剧院、动物园等，表达了对旅行的喜爱。 1．句意：我对这个消息感到非常高兴。 service服务；news消息；grade成绩；tool工具。根据“my parents told me that they would take me to Australia on vacation.”可知，父母告知的是消息，此处指对去澳大利亚度假的消息感到高兴。故选B。 2．句意：乘飞机去悉尼花了我们大约两个小时。 us我们；you你；them他们；him他。根据“they would take me to Australia on vacation.”可知，此处指“父母和我”，即“我们”。故选A。 3．句意：因为我是第一次去那里，所以一切都很有趣。 something某事；anything任何事；everything一切；nothing没有什么。根据“It was my first time there, so ... was interesting.”可知，第一次去觉得一切都很有趣。故选C。 4．句意：它太棒了！ much许多；only仅仅；then然后；so如此。根据“wonderful”可知，需用程度副词“so”，表示“如此美妙，如此棒”，表达一种强烈的感叹语气，强调歌剧院的美妙程度。故选D。 5．句意：我们去了一家餐厅吃了一些美食。 restaurant餐厅；park公园；bank银行；theater剧院。根据“ate some delicious food”可知，去餐厅吃美食。故选A。 6．句意：我们在那里看到许多动物，比如袋鼠和考拉。 because of因为；such as比如；in front of在……前；across from对面。根据“animals there, ... kangaroos (袋鼠) and koalas.”可知，袋鼠和考拉是列举的动物。列举动物用“such as”。故选B。 7．句意：当我们离开动物园时是下午5点。 jumped跳；landed降落；got out出去；pulled拉。根据“we went back to our hotel to have a rest”可知，此处指离开动物园回酒店休息。“get out of”表示“离开”。故选C。 8．句意：我们很累，所以我们回酒店休息。 happy开心的；outgoing外向的；wet潮湿的；tired疲惫的。根据“have a rest”可知，由于疲惫，要回酒店休息。故选D。 9．句意：总之，澳大利亚有很多可看的。 think思考；see看到；dislike不喜欢；choose选择。根据“there was a lot to ... in Australia.”可知，旅行中强调“观看”景点。故选B。 10．句意：我在那里玩得很开心。 enjoyed享受；cared关心；shared分享；forgot忘记。根据“I hope to go there again.”可知，因为开心，所以希望再去。固定搭配“enjoy oneself”表示“玩得开心”。故选A。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空或填入一个适当的词。 Last summer, I felt very 1 (luck) because I got to visit the Great Wall. It was a 2 (sun) day with clear blue skies—perfect for taking photos! My dream was 3 (see) this amazing landmark, and finally, I made it! In the morning, I was a bit 4 (sleep) after the long flight, but the view woke me up completely. 5 is wonderful to walk on the ancient stones. I tried 6 (climb) to the highest tower, and I succeeded! My parents told me 7 (wear) comfortable shoes, and it really helped. At sunset, the wall looked golden—what an amazing experience it was! 【答案】1．lucky 2．sunny 3．to see 4．sleepy 5．It 6．to climb 7．to wear 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者去年夏天游览长城的经历，包括天气状况、个人感受以及父母的建议等。 1．句意：去年夏天，我感觉很幸运，因为我去参观了长城。“feel”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“luck”的形容词形式是“lucky”。故填lucky。 2．句意：那是一个阳光明媚的日子，天空湛蓝清澈——非常适合拍照！修饰名词“day”用形容词，“sun”的形容词形式是“sunny”。故填sunny。 3．句意：我的梦想是看到这个惊人的地标，最终，我做到了！“was”后用动词不定式“to see”作表语，说明梦想的内容。故填to see。 4．句意：早上，长途飞行后我有点困倦，但景色完全把我唤醒了。“was”是系动词，后接形容词，“sleep”的形容词形式“sleepy”符合语境。故填sleepy。 5．句意：走在古老的石头上很棒。“It+be+形容词+to do sth.”是固定结构，“It”作形式主语，真正主语是“to walk on the ancient stones”。故填It。 6．句意：我努力爬到最高的塔楼，并且我成功了！“try to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“努力做某事 ”。故填to climb。 7．句意：我的父母告诉我要穿舒适的鞋子，这真的有帮助。“tell sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“告诉某人做某事”。故填to wear。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $