必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE （话题：人与自然之自然灾害） 英语（北师版） 目录 学案一 课前背默 01 学案三 主题写作 03 学案二 课堂讲练 02 学案四 课下集训 04 学案一 课前背默 单词背诵 短语巧学助记 句式遮挡背诵 语篇词汇串记 提示 速记后请完成“背诵过关测+练” 学案二 课堂讲练 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．休克；打击；震惊(shocked adj.感到震惊的　shocking adj.令人震惊的) Part 1 核心词句——学表达 1 was shocked to see how quickly they became popular looked at him in shock 读后续写之神情描写 escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 vt.被遗忘 vi.(气体、液体等)泄漏 n．逃脱；逃避 2 had a narrow escape escaping being hurt escaped me/my memory survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者　survival n．幸存；生还) 3 survivors how to survive the storm survive on such poor income 读后续写之主旨升华 curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的；奇怪的(curiously adv.好奇地　curiosity n．好奇心) 4 about curiosity Out of curiosity were curious to learn about the plants to meet/ satisfy our curiosity curiously/with curiosity equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的 n．同等的人；相等物 linking v．与……相等，等于 vt.比得上(equally adv.同等地；公平地　equality n．平等；相等) 5 equal me in oral English among all these applicants is equally important am equal to the job attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图(attempted adj.未遂的) 6 In an attempt to improve our painting skills attempted/made an attempt to struggle to his  at the first attempt after several attempts feet measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 v．(长度等)度量为 n．措施；尺寸，程度 7 to measuring take appropriate measures to raise the awareness breathe vi.& vt.呼吸，呼气(breath n．呼吸　breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的) 8 out of breath/breathless took/drew a deep breath held my breath breathe normally breathed a sigh of relief 读后续写之动作描写 读后续写之动作链 anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地(anxious adj.焦急的；焦虑的，担心的；渴望；非常希望　anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，担心；渴望) 9 anxiously/with anxiety was anxious to thank him properly was anxious that anxious was he that tears of anxiety observe vt.观察，注意；注视；遵守；庆祝；观测 10 应用文之传统文化 observed the sun rising from is observed on the 15th day observed their father make run out 用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态) 11 run after run out of run across run into turn one's back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 12 读后续写之动作描写 应用文之告知信 turned his back on me don't hesitate to  turn to me Part 2 阅读词汇——善辨义 B  C  A  D C A  B E  A  C  E  D  B  保护 保留意见；怀疑 保护 应得 促进，推动 Part 3 经典句式——会表达 句式：the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...“越……，就越……” 1 The more I read the English newspaper，the better will be better and better and more and more people The further Jane went in the forest，the more nervous and anxious she became. The more she thought about it，the more frightened she felt 读后续写之心理描写 读后续写之心理描写 句式：完全倒装 2 读后续写之情感描写 On the seaside along the South Coast Highway sits the grand hotel built in 1990. Then came a familiar voice，which made Jane wild with joy. 句式：have difficulty (in) doing sth 3 应用文之建议信 had difficulty(in) reaching the country have difficulty with grammar or have trouble memorizing  new words 随堂小练 shocked being harmed to to develop measures out down fewer concentrating Trapped disappearing frightened vi.徐徐移动 n．(竞赛、体育比赛的)冠军 linking v．(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为 vi.竞争 vi.大量涌入 n．休克 n．运行；操作 n．赔偿金 vt.训斥 vt.提出 n．反复试验，不断摸索 n．下降，衰退 学案三 主题写作 (一) 应用文写作 [日记——探索森林公园] Last Sunday, we students and our teachers went together to explore the Forest  Park. We arose early and started out at 7 am.We had no difficulty in getting to our  destination within an hour. Before the exploration, we had made full preparations. On the way to the Forest Park, we were all cheerful and curious about  everything around us. In the Forest Park, what took our breath away was the misty mountains in  the distance. Through the exploration, not only did we get close to nature, but we also had  our stress relieved. (二) 读后续写 [自然灾害话题＋情感描写之恐惧与绝望] have I experienced such a hopeless moment tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face death was waiting for me Thrown into a world of  darkness and sinking into hopelessness when my husband Joe came to  my rescue inched forward in the muddy water Only then did I get rid of my terror 学案四 课下集训 关注微信公众号“正禾一本通” 获取更多相关资源 阅读单词 1．drought　　 n．旱灾，干旱 2．hurricane n．飓风 3．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 4．weed n．野草；海藻 5．deer n．鹿(单复数同形) 6．insect n．昆虫 7．whale n．鲸 8．dolphin n．海豚 9．shark n．鲨(鱼) 10．kangaroo n．袋鼠 11．eagle n．鹰 12．fox n．狐狸 13．jungle n．(热带)丛林 14．whirlpool 　　 n．漩涡 15．descent n．下降，下落 16．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的 17．barrel n．桶 18．lamp n．灯 19．sledge n．雪橇 20．polar adj.极地的，地极的 21．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆 22．tent n．帐篷 23．brochure n．小册子 24．aftershock n．(地震的)余震 25．metal n．金属 26．skiing n．滑雪运动 27．originality n．独创性；创造力 写作词汇 1．an air disaster空难 2．the importance of wildlife protection野生动植物保护的重要性 3．make helpful comments on my work对我的工作提出有益的意见 4．crowded streets拥挤的街道 5．living creatures 生物 6．soil pollution and climate change土壤污染和气候变化 7．millions of homeless 数百万无家可归的人 8．the greenhouse effect 温室效应 9．secret police file警方秘密档案 10．body and soul 身体和灵魂 11．on the edge of town 位于城镇边缘 12．attempt to rescue the vehicle trapped in the ruins试图营救被困在废墟中的车辆 13．the students coming from overseas来自海外的学生 14．a picnic site野餐场所 15．a very challenging process一个非常具有挑战性的过程 16．a sense of duty 责任感 17．cause widespread human suffering 给许许多多的人带来苦难 18．a strong shelter nearby 附近一个坚固的避难所 19．coal/gold dust煤/金粉 20．the captain of the English team 英格兰队队长 21．travel to a distant village去一个遥远的村庄旅行 22．a rich and varied cultural life丰富多彩的文化生活 23．in a scary situation 在可怕的情况下 24．be harmless to humans 对人类无害 拓展词汇 1.eruption n.　　　　 爆发 erupt v. 爆发；喷出 2.ecology n. 生态；生态学 ecological adj. 生态学的；生态的 3.shock vt.　　　 　 使震惊；使难以置信 n. 震惊；休克；冲击 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 震惊的 4.survive vi.& vt. 　 活下来；幸存 survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 5.poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 poem n. 诗；诗歌 poet n. 诗人 6.mystery n. 神秘事物，难以理解的事物 mysterious adj. 神秘的；不可思议的 7.frightened adj. 受惊的，害怕的 frightening adj. 令人害怕的 frighten v. 使受惊；使惊恐 8.horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 horror n. 恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事 horribly adv. 害怕地；可怕地；极其地 9.curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇心 10.observation n. 观察；观察结果 observe v. 观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守 11.equal adj. 相等的；相同的；平等的 equally adv. 同样地；平等地 equality n. 平等 12.interrupt vi.& vt. 打断讲话 interruption n. 打断，打扰；中断时间 13.death n. 死，死亡 die v. 死亡 dying adj. 垂死的 dead adj. 失去生命的；不再使用的 14.loss n. 丧失；死亡 lose vt. 失去；丢失；使迷路 lost adj. 丢失的；迷路的 15.operation n. 行动，活动；手术；操作 operate v. 运转；做手术；操作 operator n. 接线员；操作者 16.conduct vt. 实施；执行；进行 vi.& vt. 指挥 conductor n. 指挥；售票员 17.protection n.　　 保护；防护 protect v. 保护；防护 protective adj. 保护的；防护的 18.breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸 breath n. 呼吸 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的 breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地 19.explorer n. 探险者；勘察者 explore v. 探索；探究；勘察 exploration n. 探索；探究；勘察 20.preparation n. 预备，准备 prepare v. 准备；预备 21.anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地；担忧地 anxious adj. 焦虑的，担心的 anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑 22.ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ambitious adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的 23.cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 cheer v. 使高兴；欢呼 n. 欢呼声 24.prove vt. 证明；证实 proof n. 证据 25.honesty n. 坦诚；诚实，正直 honest adj. 诚实的 dishonest adj. 不诚实的 26.sincerity n. 真诚，真挚，诚实 sincere adj. 真诚的 sincerely adv. 诚挚地 27.bravery n. 勇气；勇敢的行为 brave adj. 勇敢的 bravely adv. 勇敢地 28.disappearance n. 消失；消亡 disappear vi. 消失；消亡；灭绝 appear vi. 出现 linking v. 看来；似乎 教材外课标词汇 1．choke /tʃəʊk/ vi.& vt.(使) 窒息；(使) 哽咽 2．cite /saɪt/ vt.引用；引述 3．clay /kleɪ/ n．黏土；陶土 4．collar /'kɒlə(r)/ n．(动物)颈圈；衣领 5．communist /'kɒmjənɪst/ adj.共产主义的 n．共产主义者 6．comprise /kəm'praɪz/ vt.包括；包含；由……组成 7．concrete /'kɒηkriːt/ n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 8．conference /'kɒnfərəns/ n．会议；研讨会；正式会谈 9．Confucianism /kən'fjuːʃənɪzm/ n．孔子学说；儒家(学说) 10．constitution /ˌkɒnstɪ'tjuːʃn/ n．宪法；章程 11．cottage /'kɒtɪdʒ/ n．小屋；(尤指)村舍；小别墅 12．cotton /'kɒtn/ n．棉布；棉花 一词多义 1．wave ①n.海浪，波涛；风潮；挥手；(情感的)一阵 ②vi.& vt.挥手示意；挥舞，挥动 2．escape ①vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 vt.被忘掉，被忽视 ②n.逃跑，逃脱 3．trap ①vt.困住；使陷于危险中 ②n.陷阱，夹子；圈套 4．ski ①n.滑雪板 ②vi.滑雪 5．shelter ①n.避难所；居所，住处 ②v.躲避；保护 6．title ①n.题目，标题；(竞赛、体育比赛的)冠军 ②vt.加标题 7．base ①n.基地，大本营；基础 ②vt.以……为基地 熟词生义 1．tube [常见义]n.圆管，管子→[生僻义]n.管状物；(伦敦)地铁 2．battle [常见义]n.较量；竞争，斗争；战斗→[生僻义]v.与……作战， 争斗；竞争 3．measure [常见义]vt.估量，衡量；测量→[生僻义]linking v．(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为 4．flood [常见义]n.洪水，水灾→[生僻义]v.大量涌入 5．float [常见义]vi.浮；漂→[生僻义]v.提出(想法) 6．damage [常见义]n.伤害，损伤，损害→[生僻义]n.赔偿金 7．lecture [常见义]n.讲座，讲课；演讲→[生僻义]vt.训斥 8．extent [常见义]n.面积；长度；范围→[生僻义]n.程度 词源猜义 1．landslide land(土地)＋slide(滑落)→土地滑落的现象→引申为：n.滑坡；塌方 2．landscape land(陆地)＋scape(景观)→陆地上的景观→引申为：n.风景，景观 3．descent de(向下)＋sent(走)→向下走的过程→引申为：n.斜坡；血统 4．brochure broch(刺，缝)＋ture(名词词缀，表示“性质”)→“缝”在一起的印刷小册子→引申为：n.小册子，宣传册 词源猜义 5．disaster dis(否定)＋aster(星星)→星位不正，象征不幸的事件→引申为：n.灾难，灾害 6．overuse over(过度)＋use(使用)→过度使用→引申为：vt.过度使用 7．captain cap(头)＋ain(名词词缀，……的人)→头领或指挥者→引申为：n.船长，队长 8．rescue re(再次)＋scue(救助)→再次进行救助→引申为：vt.救援，拯救 9．survive sur(在上)＋vive(生活)→在困境中继续生活→引申为：vi.生存 vt.幸存 1．be covered with 　　 覆盖着…… 2．in the direction of 朝……方向 3．be/become curious about 对……好奇 4．breathe in 吸气 5．on the way to 在去往……的路上 6．in preparation for sth 为某事做准备 7．ahead of schedule 提前，先于预定时间 8．be home to 是……的所在地/家园 9．be made up of 由……组成 10．be directed by 由……导演的 11．turn one's back (on sb/sth) ①对……置之不理 ②对……撒手不管 12．on the edge of ①在……边缘 ②某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 13．run out ①用完 ②耗尽 14．be native to ①源于……的 ②原产于 15．at one point ①一度 ②在某处 ③在某一时刻 16．break down ①停止运转，出故障 ②(身体等)垮掉 ③使分解 ④(谈判)失败 17．make progress 稳步前进；取得进步 18．in the history of 在……的历史进程中 1．It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.(It takes/took sb some time to do...)不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。 2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(as if 引导方式状语从句)我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 3．The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)第一，物体越大，下落越快…… 4．As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(the reason why...is/was that...)如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 5．But what if I'm trapped？(what if...？)但是如果我被困住了怎么办？ 6．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装)极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 7．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. [have difficulty (in) doing...；非限制性定语从句]下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 　 In fact，it was out of curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer, who had just returned from a distant continent.Expecting to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of battling against nature with bravery，in one of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out.Trapped in the scary snowstorm，he attempted to call for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.Frightened and hungry，he was at a loss and faced with death.He was walking anxiously until he found shelter in a nearby base.Besides，he also mentioned that the suffering of wildlife shocked him.According to his observation，millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance. Apart from natural disasters such as flood，drought，landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricane，to some extent，too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find it everyone's duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws. 事实上，正是出于好奇，我才去听了一位刚从遥远的大洲回来的著名探险家的讲座。期待着听到他在探险过程中遇到的各种可怕的经历和未解之谜，我兴高采烈地去了现场。他确实分享了一些勇敢地与自然作斗争的故事，其中一次是他的车因为汽油用完在极地抛锚了。他被困在可怕的暴风雪中，试图通过电话求救，但事实证明它毫无用处。他又怕又饿，不知所措，面临着死亡。他焦急地走着，直到在附近的基地找到了避难所。此外，他也提到，野生生物的遭遇使他震惊。根据他的观察，数以百万计的动物正处于灭绝的边缘。除了洪水、干旱、山体滑坡、火山爆发和飓风等自然灾害外，在某种程度上，过多的温室气体也对它们造成了损害。我们不应该对可怕的气候置之不理，而应该采取措施实施野生动物保护。听了他的演讲，我发现维持生态平衡是每个人的责任。同样重要的是，我们应该分发一些小册子，教导人们遵循自然法则。 【知识归纳】　 ◎be a shock to... 对……而言是一件震惊的事 ◎in shock 吃惊地，震惊地 ◎be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 ◎be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊 【写作语料】　 ◎be numb with shock惊呆了 ◎point to the distance in shock震惊地指着远方 ◎be shocked to find him badly injured震惊地发现他受了重伤 ◎be shocked by his mean words 被他的刻薄言辞震惊了 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)我震惊地发现，它们变得如此迅速地流行起来，让人们更容易进行短距离旅行。 I , making it easier for people to travel short distances. ②我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我这一切都是我的误解。 I , waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. 【知识归纳】　 ◎escape from 从……逃脱，从……逃跑 ◎escape (doing) sth 避开(做)某事 ◎escape being done sth 逃避(被)做某事 ◎have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生 【写作语料】　 ◎sth (the name/date/title) escapes sb 某人记不起……(名字/日期/名称) ◎escape being punished逃过惩罚 ◎an escape from the boredom of her everyday life从乏味的日常生活中解脱出来 【语境运用】　完成句子/词汇升级 ①最后，我们死里逃生，幸好没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。 At last，we ，fortunately by the hungry polar bear. ②While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but I couldn't remember his name, which made me embarrassed. →While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but his name , which made me embarrassed. 【知识归纳】　 ◎survive on 靠……存活下来 ◎survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 ◎survive from... 从……留存下来 ◎A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……) 【写作语料】　 ◎survive from the Song Dynasty 从宋朝留存下来 ◎survive her husband by five years比她丈夫多活五年 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We will do everything in our power to help those (survive) in the tornado. ②生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中起舞。 Life isn't about ；it's about learning to dance in the rain. ③我很想知道他们靠这么微薄的收入是怎么活下来的。 I wonder how they can ． 【知识归纳】　 ◎be curious about sth 对……感到好奇 ◎be curious to do sth 好奇地做某事；极想做某事 ◎It is curious that... 奇怪…… ◎with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 ◎out of curiosity 出于好奇 ◎meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 【写作语料】　 ◎explore our surroundings with curiosity充满好奇心地探索我们周围的环境 ◎be always curious to know everything总是想知道一切 ◎be curious about how she would react 想知道她有什么反应 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is good to be curious the world around us because I think (curious) is the best teacher. ②出于好奇，我偷偷地透过窗户向办公室内看。 ，I secretly peeped through the window into the office. ③(2023·浙江1月卷)我们很想了解周围的植物，因此，为了满足我们的好奇心，我们好奇地探索了高中校园。 We around us and as a result， ，we explored the senior high campus ． 【知识归纳】　 ◎be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 ◎be equal to (doing) sth 等于/胜任(做)某事 ◎equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 【写作语料】　 ◎be equal to the position胜任这个职务 ◎have no equal in the world举世无双 ◎share the housework equally平均分担家务 【语境运用】　完成句子 首先，在所有申请者中，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是，我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。[应用文之申请信] Firstly，nobody can ① ． What ② is that, I am good at communicating with others. So I hold the firm belief that I ③ as a volunteer for the fair. 【知识归纳】　 ◎attempt to do...＝make an attempt to do/at doing... 尝试(试图)做…… ◎at the first attempt 第一次尝试 ◎in an attempt to 企图，试图；努力 【写作语料】　 ◎in an attempt to escape企图逃跑 ◎make an attempt to make out the way back home 试着认清回家的路 ◎attempt to enhance our oral English尝试提高我们的英语口语 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)为了提高我们的绘画技巧，上周我们在公园里举办了一门艺术课。 , we had an art class in the park last week. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)大卫在中途摔倒了，他试图挣扎着站起来。第一次尝试时他失败了。然而，经过几次尝试，他成功了！ David fell over halfway, but he ．He failed ．However, , he made it！ 【知识归纳】　 ◎measure...by... 用……来度量…… ◎make...to sb's measure 给某人量身定做…… ◎take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎measure over 100 meters long 100多米长 ◎take effective measures to protect the ocean from pollution采取有效措施阻止海洋被污染 ◎make clothes to my own measure按我自己的尺寸做衣服 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)The school can make custom­sized jump ropes each student's measure, ensuring a comfortable and efficient skipping experience. ②In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some (measure) over 90 meters in height. ③(2023·北京卷)我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识，才能在不久的将来建成一个绿色的北京。 Only if we of environmental protection can we build a green Beijing in the near future. 【知识归纳】　 ◎breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 ◎breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 ◎hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 ◎catch one's breath 喘息；平复呼吸 ◎lose one's breath 喘不过气来 ◎take/draw a deep breath 深呼吸 ◎out of breath 喘不过气来 【写作语料】　 ◎take a deep breath before giving your speech 在演讲前深呼吸 ◎take sb's breath away令某人惊叹 ◎finish reading it in one breath一口气读完它 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①安一路跑到学校，终于上气不接下气地赶到了教室。 Running all the way to school, Ann made it to her classroom, ． ②我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后，我屏住呼吸，等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后，我松了一口气。 I ，dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.After conducting first aid，I ，waiting for her to become conscious.After observing her ，I ． 【知识归纳】　 ◎be anxious eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(about sth,for sb)) 为……担忧 ◎be anxious to do/that... 渴望做…… ◎with anxiety＝anxiously 焦急地 【写作语料】　 ◎be anxious about/for their children's future为孩子的未来担忧 ◎a wave of anxiety一阵不安 ◎be anxious to learn about your updates急切地想知道你的最新信息 ◎wait anxiously/with anxiety for the arrival of the rescue team 焦急地等待着救援队的到来 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 He was waiting for the results as if he had been sitting on pins and needles. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)到达目的地后，我急切地想好好感谢他令人难以置信的善良。 Having reached the destination，I for his incredible kindness. ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫渴望参加越野赛，但是他害怕别人嘲笑他，他是如此不安以至于焦急的泪水顺着脸庞流了下来。 David he could participate in the cross­country run.But he was scared of being laughed at by others.So rolled down his cheeks. 【知识归纳】　 ◎observe sb do sth 注意到某人做某事 ◎observe sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事 ◎observe that... 观察…… 【写作语料】　 ◎observe the Spring Festival 庆祝春节 ◎observe the traditional customs遵从传统习俗 ◎observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 ◎observe the spirit of fair play遵循公平竞争的宗旨 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①人们兴奋地在泰山之巅观看太阳从海上升起。 On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly the seA． ②农历八月十五过中秋节。 The Mid­Autumn Festival of the eighth lunar month. ③(新高考Ⅰ卷)双胞胎仔细观察他们的父亲做三明治。 The twins some sandwiches closely. 【知识归纳】　 ◎run out of 用光，用完(主语为人，有被动语态) ◎run across 偶然遇到 ◎run after 追逐；追求 ◎run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) 【写作语料】　 Jane's energy was running out when her husband emerged, making her smile through tears.[读后续写之情绪描写] 简精疲力竭，这时她丈夫的出现让她含着泪笑了。 【语境运用】　完成语段 随着我们继续通过太空探索追求宇宙的奥秘，我们可能会耗尽地球上的资源。然而，我们可能会在外太空偶然发现新的能源和材料。在太空探索过程中我们遇到的挑战，如技术困难和资金限制，可以通过国际合作和创新来克服。 As we continue to ① the mysteries of the universe through space exploration, we may ② resources on Earth.However, we could ③ new sources of energy and materials in outer space.The challenges we ④ during space exploration, such as technical difficulties and financial constraints, can be overcome through international collaboration and innovation. 【知识归纳】　 ◎turn up 　　　 出现；到场；调高 ◎turn out 结果是；证明是 ◎turn down 关小，调低；拒绝 ◎turn to 转向；求助于 ◎turn in 上交；呈递 【写作语料】　 ◎turn the radio down把收音机音量调低 ◎turn in your homework上交作业 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我需要他帮助时，他对我置之不理。He when I needed his help. ②此外，当你遇到一些感到困惑的问题时，可以毫不犹豫地向我求助 Furthermore, when you meet with some puzzling questions， ． （一）多义词辨义 1．trap A．vt.使困住，留存 B．n.捕捉器 C．n.陷阱 ①The fox got its foot caught in a trap. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. ③(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 2．conduct A．vt.引导　B．vi.& vt.指挥　C．vt.传导(热或电等能量)　D．vt.实施，执行　E．vt.表现，举止 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. ②Most metals can conduct electricity. ③The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. ④Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting operA． ⑤The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should． 3．break down A．(机器)出故障　B．(物质)分解　C．(计划)失败　D．(身体)垮掉　E．感情失控(痛哭起来) ①(浙江6月卷)Really，the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble. ②All our plans broke down because of his opposition. ③He broke down and wept when he heard the news. ④If you work hard like that，you will break down one day. ⑤Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene (聚乙烯)，which accounts for 40% of plastics. （二）构词法猜义——巧借词根serve推测词义 serve词根：通常与服务、保持有关 本单元：observation　ob­(在前)＋serv(保持)＋­ation(名词词尾)→一再保持→引申为：n.观察，观测 (2024·全国甲卷)This area，with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.vt. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)Nearly.Last year，I started dating，but with reservations.n. 3．(2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.n. 4．(2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada．vt. 5．The new policies are designed to subserve the interests of both the environment and the economy.vt. 【教材原句】　　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一， 物体越大，下落越快。 ◎the more...，the better...意为“……越多，……就越好” ◎the more...，the less...意为“越……，越不……” ◎“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化 注意：“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，在主句表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 【写作佳句】　 ①The more time I spent participating in this picking activity, the more I was aware of the significance of work. 我参加采摘活动的时间越长，我就越意识到劳动的重要性。 ②The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. 我们铺设的道路和停车场越多，流入地下变成地下水的水就越少。 ③(2023·全国甲卷)He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country more and more prosperous. 他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革，使他的国家越来越繁荣。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①我读这份英文报纸读得越多，我的英语就越好。所以我真诚地希望你们的报纸越来越好，也希望越来越多的人从中受益。 my English is. So I sincerely hope that your newspaper will benefit from it. ②简(Jane)在森林里走得越远，她就越紧张焦虑。 ③她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心冒汗，心跳加速。 ，her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly. 【教材原句】　　Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 【知识归纳】 ◎out, in, into, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。 ◎为强调句子的表语将作表语的介词短语、形容词、分词和系动词提至句首时，句子构成全部倒装，形成“介词短语/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。 【写作佳句】　 ①In front of our school stands a tower which is famous for its long history. 在我们学校的前面立着一座以其悠久的历史而闻名的塔楼。 ②Then came the moment when David crossed the finish line to the thunderous applause and cheers from the crowd.[读后续写之场景描写] 当大卫冲过终点线时，人群中响起雷鸣般的掌声和欢呼声。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①这家大酒店建于1990年。它坐落在南海岸高速公路沿线的海边。 (倒装句) ②接着传来一个熟悉的声音，这让简欣喜若狂。 【教材原句】　The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 【知识归纳】 ◎have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难(麻烦)；做某事费劲 ◎have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某方面有困难(麻烦) ◎do sth with/without difficulty/trouble 做某事有/没有困难(麻烦) 【写作佳句】　 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)This allowed her to keep going despite feeling desperate and having difficulty (in) breathing. 这让她在感到绝望和呼吸困难的情况下继续前进。 ②The students have great difficulty with this type of sentences. 学生们在这类句子上有很大的困难。 ③It seems that he always solves problems without difficulty，but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks. 他似乎总是毫不费力地解决问题，但实际上他对他的任务做了充分的准备。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①直到20世纪30年代，旅行者都很难到达这个国家。 Until the 1930s, travelers ． ②不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，你都可以通过大声朗读句子来解决问题。 Whether you ，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．I was (shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone. 2．The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape (harm) by the powerful waves. 3．In my opinion，the young man is equal the job on account of his creativity. 4．To my amazement，our first attempt (develop) a new software was a great success. 5．We must take instant (measure) to ensure the safety of the project. 6．With my money running ，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars. 7．To make matters worse，his car broke at a location where no help was accessible. 8．The more careful you are，the (few) errors you will make. 9．My cousin，who is addicted to computer games，has difficulty (concentrate) on his academic work. 10． (trap) in a net around the rock, the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air. 11．Seeing his figure (disappear) into the thick evergreen forest, I felt relieved. 12．Her daughter was in the passenger seat and looked extremely confused and (frighten). Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 (2024·浙江1月卷)However, while some of her classmates edged ahead, others actually fell behind. 2．(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all­around title，she became the first black woman to do so. 3．The route measured five kilometers，from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain. 4．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back. She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock. (2022·全国乙卷)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury. 9．It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. 10．“I floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，”says Kathryn Whitehead. 11．(2022·全国甲卷)Where trial­and­error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. ◎trial“试验”＋and＋error“错误”→trial­and­error 12．(2022·浙江1月卷)The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. ◎down“向下”＋turn“转变”→downturn 为促进班级团队建设，增进学科知识在实践中的应用，你校上周日组织学生及教师去探索森林公园，请写一篇日记记录此次综合社会实践活动。 [构建话题语义场] 1．自然灾害 ①thunder and lightning雷电交加 ②weather forecast天气预报 ③greenhouse effect温室效应 ④global warming全球变暖 ⑤in ruins成为废墟 ⑥dig out挖掘 ⑦at an end完结，结束 ⑧be shocked at对……感到震惊 ⑨take shelter from躲避 ⑩break down垮掉 ⑪crowd in涌入 ⑫blow down吹倒 2．环境保护 ⑬natural reserve自然保护区 ⑭arouse people's awareness of environmental protection提高人们的环保意识 ⑮protect wildlife保护野生动物 ⑯die out 灭绝 ⑰from bad to worse每况愈下 ⑱in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处 ⑲keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 ⑳endangered species濒危物种 ㉑get close to nature接近自然 ㉒the misty mountains in the distance远处迷雾缭绕的山脉 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：简要介绍活动的时间和内容 1．上周日，我校学生和老师一起去探索了森林公园。 第二段：详细描述此次活动的过程 2．我们起得很早，7点就出发了。我们毫不费力地在一小时内到达了目的地。 3．在探险之前，我们做了充分的准备。 4．在去森林公园的路上，我们都很高兴，对周围的一切都很好奇。 5．在森林公园里，让我们叹为观止的是远处迷雾缭绕的山脉。 第三段：活动感受 6．通过这次探索，我们不仅接近了自然，也缓解了我们的压力。 Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [人物描写]　ambition；honesty；sincerity；bravery [情感描写]　shock；frightened；horrible；curious；anxiously；cheerful 佳句 1．All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(环境描写) 2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(比喻句) 3．So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(动作描写) 4．Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(环境描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 shout v．大声喊叫　scream v．惊声尖叫　struggle v．挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进　hopeless adj.不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地　threat n．威胁→threaten v．威胁；胁迫　despair n．绝望　desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n．绝望　be thrown into a world of darkness被投入黑暗世界　weep bitter tears of despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕　be seized with overwhelming despair绝望到极点 佳句 1．Trapped in the flood，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face.(无灵主语句) 被困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。 2．I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me. 我感到更加害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。 3．As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually. 随着时间的推移，我能活着的信念逐渐消退。 4．Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.(无灵主语句) 他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。 5．A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely.(无灵主语句)他完全被绝望吞没了。 6．His heart was torn with despair.他的心因绝望而被撕裂了。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　 我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在了一个大水坑中，挣扎着前进，但没有成功，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。更糟糕的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有回应。我正打算放弃，这时我的丈夫乔(Joe)前来营救我。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在泥泞的水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时，我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。 Never ① in my life.I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Stuck in a large puddle，I struggled to make my way but in vain，② (独立主格).What's worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③ (拟人).④ (分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lung but no response.I was about to give up ⑤ ．He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car.After confirming the safety，we ⑥ and eventually made it home safe and sound.⑦ (倒装句).Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back，comforting me gently. $