必修第二册 UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY （话题：人与社会之科学与技术） 英语（北师版） 目录 学案一 课前背默 01 学案三 主题写作 03 学案二 课堂讲练 02 学案四 课下集训 04 学案一 课前背默 单词背诵 短语巧学助记 句式遮挡背诵 语篇词汇串记 提示 速记后请完成“背诵过关测 +练” 学案二 课堂讲练 effect n．效应，影响(effective adj.有效的；有影响的) Part 1 核心词句——学搭配 1 effective is putting policies into effect to encourage their adoption all of which have a great effect/impact/influence on Chinese culture admit vi.& vt.(admitted; admitted; admitting)承认 vt.准许进入(或加入) (admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费) 2 It is widely admitted that admitted cheating/having cheated/that he had cheated 读后续写之情绪描写 concern n．担忧；忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心；涉及(concerned adj.关切的，关心的；担心的；有关的　concerning prep.关于) 3 concerned concerns concerning am really concerned about your condition I am concerned that many students may not be getting enough physical activity  during the school day favour n．恩惠；善意的行为；喜爱 vt.喜爱；偏袒(favourable adj.赞同的；有利的　favourite adj.最喜爱的) 4 in favour of his opinion ask my best friend a favour/ask a favour of my best friend owe him a favour do us a favour/do a favour for us 读后续写之情绪描写 harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的　harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的) 5 does harm to/is harmful to/ harms health there is no harm in entering a writing contest causing/doing serious  harm to argument n．论点；论据；争论；争辩(argue v．争论；劝说； 主张) 6 argument argued David into taking part in the cross­country run argue for argue that 应用文之推荐信 replace vt.取代；接替；放回原处 7 have been largely replaced by  shared bicycles have partly taken the place of private cars have partly replaced private cars rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的(reward vt.奖励；酬谢 n．报酬；奖励) 8 the rewarding experience was rewarded with something more valuable as a reward for/in reward for/ to reward you for your generous help basis n．基础；基点；基准(base n．基地；大本营；基础 vt.以……为基础或根据　basic adj.基础的；基本的　basically adv.基本上) 9 on a daily basis On the basis of/Based on much practice Based on various studies focus vi.& vt.集中(注意力) n．焦点 10 focused (my attention) on the different colors and shapes of the petals With her eyes focused on me became  the focus of the attention in addition 除此之外 11 In addition/Moreover/Besides/Furthermore/What's more, he is warm­hearted and  willing to help others in need In addition to learning about the past Part 2 阅读词汇——善辨义 A B C  C  B  A  D   C   D   F E   A  B 补充燃料，加油 重新粉刷 重新唤起 退款 重新开放 重新考虑 Part 3 经典句式——会表达 句式：while 引导让步状语从句 1 While the students came from different countries while 12% focus more on browsing English learning websites While (I was) making the kite 句式：it作形式宾语 2 makes it easy for  you to adjust to the new life in Beijing take it for granted that parents should give me money I feel it my duty to do my part depend/rely on it  that he will come to your aid 应用文之建议信 随堂小练 it on/upon to to as powerless rewarding on/upon making/having made of concerned basis with/by into on/upon vt.将…… 连接成网络 adj.已故的 n.所含物，容纳的东西 vi.订阅 vt.对……施加压力，强迫 vt.传达 vt.确诊 n.跳板；基础 n.狩猎采集者 n.形状识别 学案三 主题写作 (一) 应用文写作 [博客——安全使用社交网络应用程序] So convenient are social networking apps that we can stay in touch with  friends no matter where we are or what we are doing.However, unless used in a safe way, they can bring us risks instead of benefits. Keep in mind the following tips while using your personal social networking  account. Avoid giving away any private information in case of identity theft. In addition，try to take part in a variety of activities to improve your social  skills soas not to be addicted to the social networking apps. Do not focus on chatting with those who you are not familiar with as you may  be cheated by them. If you have any creative opinions, feel free to make a comment. (二) 读后续写 [从虚拟到现实话题＋情感描写之尴尬与羞愧] be addicted to  ignoring his sensible advice with my face burning with shame so  ashamed did I feel that I was close to tears in an embarrassed voice 学案四 课下集训 关注微信公众号“正禾一本通” 获取更多相关资源 重点词汇 1．app 　　 　 n．应用程序 2．self­focused adj.以自我为中心的；关注自我的 3．download vt.下载 4．avatar n．(网络上代表个人的)头像，虚拟替身，图标 5．identity n．身份；特征 6．2D (2­dimensional) adj.二维的 7．sex n．性别 8．sensible adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 9．hairstyle n．发型，发式 10．virtual adj.虚拟的；模拟的 11．subscribe vi.订阅，订购 12．VR (Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实 13．AR (Augmented Reality) 增强现实 14．MR (Mixed Reality) 混合现实 15．software 　　　 n．计算机软件 16．device n．设置，装置 17．mobile device 移动设备 18．button n．按钮 19．gender n．性别 20．goods n．商品 21．error n．错误；失误 22．trivial adj.没有什么价值的；微不足道的 23．emoji n．表情符号 24．thought­provoking adj.发人深省的，令人深思的 25．authority n．权威人士；专家 26．profile n．人物简介；传略 27．fantasy n．幻想作品 28．digitise vt.把……转变成数字形式，使……数字化 29．sailor n．水手，海员 30．wristband n．腕带 写作词汇 1．have a great impact on 对……有重大影响 2．be addicted to computer games迷上电脑游戏 3．He admitted that the payments had indeed been made.他承认确实付过款了。 4．a super idea 一个极好的主意 5．a cartoon image 一个卡通形象 6．the selection process选拔过程 7．cheat others online 在网上行骗 8．to have different/conflicting/opposing views有不同的/矛盾的/相反的观点 9．ensure you a job 保证你能得到工作 10．building materials建筑材料 11．confirm this view 证实这种观点 12．replace old versions with new versions用新版本替换旧版本 13．give her mother a big hug给她妈妈一个大大的拥抱 14．the shallow content posted on social media社交媒体上发布的肤浅内容 15．feel 100 percent confident 有百分之百的信心 16．my personal opinion 我的个人意见 17．maintain prices维持价格水平 18．send a message to your smartphone给你的智能手机发送一条信息 19．a brief introduction 简短介绍 20．a series of tests 一系列的测试 21．my favourite author 我最喜欢的作家 22．an amazing achievement 卓越的成就 23．the present government's policy on education当前政府的教育政策 拓展词汇 1.enable vt.　　　　 使可能，使发生；使能够 able adj. 有能力的，能干的 disable vt. 使残疾；使失去能力 disabled adj. 残疾的；丧失能力的 2.convenience n. 方便，便利 convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 3.effect n. 效应；影响；效果 effective adj. 有效的；产生预期效果的；起作用的 affect vt. 影响；使感动；使感染(疾病) 4.recommendation n. 建议，提议；推荐 recommend vt. 建议；推荐 5.explore vt. 探险；探究；探讨 explorer n. 探险家；考察者 exploration n. 探险；探索 6.personality n. 个性，性格 personal adj. 个人的 person n. 人 7.admit vi.& vt. 承认 admission n. 承认；入场费；允许进入 8.alarm n. 闹钟；惊恐，惊慌 vt. 使惊恐 alarming adj. 使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的 alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的 9.variety n. 多样化，变化 various adj. 各种各样的；千差万别的 vary vi. 不同；变化 varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 10.creativity n. 创造力；独创性 create vt. 创造 creative adj. 创造性的 creation n. 创造(物) 11.obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地 obvious adj. 明显的 12.concern n. 担忧，忧虑 vt. 与……有关；使担心 concerned adj. 关切的，关心的 concerning prep. 关于 13.accommodation n. 住处；住宿；工作场所 accommodate vt. 为……提供住宿；容纳 14.powerful adj. 效能高的；强有力的；强壮的；有权势的 power n. 能力；力量；权力；电力供应 15.latest adj. 最新的；最近的 late adj. 晚的；迟到的 lately adv. 最近；不久前 16.reality n.　　　　 现实；真实 real adj. 真实的；真正的 really adv. 真正地 17.account n. 账户 accountant n. 会计(员)；会计师 18.press vt. 按 pressure n. 压力 vt. 对……施加压力，强迫 19.favour n. 恩惠；善意的行为；支持 favourite adj. 最喜欢的 favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的 20.deliver vi.& vt. 递送；传送；使分娩；传达 delivery n. 递送；配送；分娩 21.harm n．& vt. 伤害，损害 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 22.argument n. 论点；论据 argue v. 争论；辩论 23.concentrate vi. 专注，专心；集中注意力 concentration n. 专注；集中 24.rewarding adj. 有益的；有意义的 reward vt.& n. 报答；回报；奖励 25.addition n. 增添；添加 add v. 增添；增加；补充说；(使)相加 additional adj. 附加的；额外的；追加的 additionally adv. 除此之外；此外 26.basis n. 基础；基点 base n. 基地，大本营；基础 vt. 以……为基础 basic adj. 基础的；基本的 basically adv. 基本上 27.focus vi.& vt. 集中(注意力) n. 焦点 focused adj. 注意力集中的 28.limiting adj. 局限的，限制性的 limit vt.& n. 限制 limited adj. 有限的 29.location n. 地点；位置 located adj. 位于 locate vt. 找出……的位置；使……坐落(于) 30.optional adj. 可选择的；非强制的 option n. 选择 31.imaginary adj. 想象的，虚构的 imagine v. 想象 imagination n. 想象(力)；创造力 imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；创新的 32.privacy n.　　　 隐私；私密 private adj. 私人的；秘密的 privately adv. 私下地 33.accessible adj.　　　 易懂的；易得到的 access n. 途径；通路；机会；权利 vt. 进入；接近 教材外课标词汇 1．cave /keɪv/ n．山洞；洞穴 2．ceiling /'siːlɪη/ n．天花板；上限 3．celebrity /sə'lebrəti/ n．名望；名誉；名人；名流 4．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米 5．chairman /'tʃeəmən/ n．主席；主持人；董事长 6．channel /'tʃænəl/ n．航道；海峡；频道 7．chaos /'keɪɒs/ n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱 8．chart /tʃɑːt/ n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划 9．cheek /tʃiːk/ n．面颊；脸颊 10．cheese /tʃiːz/ n．干酪；奶酪 11．chief /tʃiːf/ adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长 12．china /'tʃaɪnə/ n．瓷；瓷器 一 词 多 义 1．blog ①n.博客；网络日志 ②vi.写博客 2．trick ①vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗 ②n.把戏；技巧；诀窍；引起错觉的事物 3．experiment ①vi.& vt.做试验，进行实验 ②n.实验 4．type ①vi.& vt.打；打字 ②n.类型，种类 5．view ①vt.看，把……视为 ②n.看法；意见；景色，风景 6．content ①n.内容；目录；所含之物，所容纳之物 ②adj.满足的，满意的 ③vt.使满足，使满意 熟词生义 1．tablet [常见义]n.平板电脑→[生僻义]n.药片，片状物； 碑，牌 2．content [常见义]n.内容；目录→[生僻义]n.含量；成分 3．fancy [常见义]adj.花哨的；别致的；昂贵的→[生僻义]n.想象的事物；想象(力) vt.想要；想象；设想；认为……会赢 词 源 猜 义 1．self­focused　self (自我)＋focused(集中)→专注于自身→引申为：adj.以自我为中心的；关注自我的 2．download　down(向下)＋load(装载)→从网络上向下装载数据→引申为：vt.下载 3．identity　ident(相同)＋ity(名词词缀)→表示相同的特征→引申为：n.身份，特性 4．authority　auth(增长)＋ority(名词词缀)→更高一层的人或机构→引申为：n.权威人士，专家 5．ensure en(使)＋sure(确定)→使某事变得确定→引申为：vt.确保，保证 词源猜义 6．material　mater(物质)＋ial(形容词词缀)→与物质相关的→引申为：adj.物质的，材料的 7．confirm　con(共同)＋firm(坚固)→共同使某事变得坚固→引申为：vt.确认，证实 8．convenience　con(共同)＋ven(来)＋ience(名词词缀)→共同到来的便利→引申为：n.便利，方便 9．recommendation　re(再次)＋commend(称赞)＋ation(名词词缀)→一再称赞→引申为：n.推荐，建议 10．personality　person(人)＋ality(名词词缀)→个人的特征或品质→引申为：n.个性，性格 11．maintain　 main(主要)＋tain(保持)→保持主要的状态→引申为：vt.维持，维护 1．be addicted to　　 沉迷 2．a variety of 各种各样的 3．enable sb to do... 使某人能够做…… 4．instead of 代替，而不是 5．look forward to 盼望，期盼 6．point out 指出 7．more or less 或多或少 8．be concerned with 关心…… 9．in addition 除此之外 10．focus on　　　　　　 关注 11．compare to 比得上…… 12．not necessarily 不一定 13．stay in touch with 和……保持联系 14．share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 15．on the basis of 根据；以……为基础 16．on the move ①在行进中 ②在移动中 17．more than ①多于 ②不仅仅 ③非常 18．care for ①照顾 ②喜欢 These digital identities，known as avatars，are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 这些数字身份，被称作“虚拟形象”，是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships.(while引导让步状语从句) 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 3．According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. (it 作形式宾语)根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 4．You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.(“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句) 无论你在哪里、在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。 5．To me，this is a very thought­provoking argument，as it points out the benefits of online friendships.(as 引导原因状语从句) 对我来说，这是一个非常发人深省的争论，因为它指出了线上友谊的好处。 That's why I believe that books about foreign cultures or imaginary worlds are the best！(That is why...) 那就是为什么我认为关于外国文化或想象世界的书是最好的！ Nowadays，it is not unusual for a person to have such mobile devices as a smartphone or a tablet.Obviously，social apps on them enable you to do a variety of things. For example，you can buy super goods，ask for recommendations on hairstyles，subscribe to newspapers, and even download the latest learning materials. Some educational apps are becoming very powerful, which makes a series of famous teachers' amazing lessons accessible to ordinary students. While these apps have indeed brought people so much convenience and have had a positive effect，we have to admit they can harm us to an extent.Firstly，students are so addicted to social media that neither can they concentrate on study, nor can they explore the real world. Secondly，some are only concerned with their shallow online communication and don't maintain the rewarding friendships in reality, making them self­focused.In addition，people are likely to be tricked if they are too trusting.Evil people might create false identities and they often have several avatars of different types，such as sensible ones，good­looking ones and fancy ones.One cheat might be chatting with you under different identities.Consequently，do remember to protect your privacy and don't tell your bank account to anyone unless his identity has been confirmed.Lastly，the contents of some blogs are not healthy.In brief，nothing is 100 percent good.In my opinion，you must focus on your online safety when these apps are used. 如今，对于一个人来说，拥有智能手机或平板电脑等这样的移动设备并不罕见。显然，移动设备上的社交应用可以让你做很多事情。例如，你可以购买优质商品，询问发型建议，订阅报纸，甚至下载最新的学习材料。一些教育应用程序变得非常强大，让普通学生也能接触到众多名师的精彩课程。虽然这些应用程序确实给人们带来了很多便利，并产生了积极的影响，但我们不得不承认，它们在一定程度上也会伤害我们。首先，学生们如此沉迷于社交媒体，既不能集中精力学习，也不能探索现实世界。其次，有些人只关心他们肤浅的网上交流，而不会在现实中维持有益的友谊，使他们以自我为中心。此外，如果人们过于信任别人，他们很可能会被欺骗。邪恶的人可能会创造虚假的身份，他们通常有几个不同类型的化身，比如理智的，好看的和花哨的。一个骗子可能用不同的身份和你聊天。因此，一定要记得保护你的隐私，不要把你的银行账户告诉任何人，除非他的身份已经确认。最后，一些博客的内容不健康。简而言之，没有什么是百分之百好的。在我看来，当你使用这些应用程序时，你必须关注你的在线安全。 【知识归纳】　 ◎have an effect/impact/influence on/upon... 对……有影响 ◎come into effect/take effect 生效；起作用 ◎bring/put...into effect 使……生效 ◎be of no effect 无效果的 【写作语料】　 ◎take effective measures to do sth采取有效措施做某事 ◎bring/put the new law into effect实施这部新法律 ◎have a far­reaching effect on the Chinese educational system对中国的教育制度产生深远的影响 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly (effect) at getting grizzlies away. ②(2024·全国甲卷)政府正在实施一些政策，以鼓励人们采用这些政策，这将对我们的地球有好处。 The government , which will benefit our planet. ③(2023·全国甲卷)李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 During his lifetime, Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems, ．(定语从句) 【知识归纳】　 ◎admit doing/having done/that... 承认做/做过/承认…… ◎It is admitted that... 人们公认…… ◎be admitted to/into 被录取到；被允许进入 ◎be admitted as... 作为……被接受 【写作语料】　 ◎admit new members招收新队员 ◎be admitted to be a good chance被认为是一个好机会 ◎be admitted to hospital被送往医院 ◎free admission 免费入场券 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)人们公认，近年来中国在交通基础设施方面取得了重大进展。 China has made significant progress in transportation infrastructure in recent years. ②他含着眼泪承认他在期末考试中作弊了，并保证再也不会这样做了。 With tears in his eyes，he in the end­of­term examination and he ensured that never would he do that again. 【知识归纳】　 ◎show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心 ◎be concerned about/for... 关心/担心…… ◎be concerned with... 与……有关；关注…… ◎as far as sb/sth be concerned 就某人/某事而言 【写作语料】　 ◎show genuine concern for others' well­being对他人的幸福表现出真诚的关心 ◎express concern about the environmental problem 对环境问题表示担忧 ◎a matter of great concern to the public公众高度关注的问题 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The public are about food safety，because it people's health.It is hoped that the authorities can really do something public health.(concern) ②了解到你在汉语口语学习方面有困难，并且感到困惑，我真的很担心你的情况。 Knowing that you have difficulty in oral Chinese learning and feel confused, I ． ③(2024·浙江1月卷)我担心许多学生在校期间可能没有得到足够的体育活动，这就是我建议在课间休息时加入跳绳的原因。 ,which is why I recommend incorporating rope skipping into our breaks. 【知识归纳】　 ◎ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 求某人帮一个忙 ◎do a favour for sb＝do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 ◎owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情 ◎in sb's favour 对某人有利的 ◎in favour of 支持；赞同 【写作语料】　 ◎create a favourable learning environment创造良好的学习环境 ◎favour the entertaining ways over the traditional ones更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式 ◎be in favour of the creative suggestion赞成这个创造性的建议 【语境运用】　完成句子/词汇升级 ①当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。 He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't ． ②每当我请我最好的朋友帮忙时，他总会毫不犹豫地来帮助我，所以我欠他一个人情。 Whenever I ，he will always come to my aid without hesitation，so I ． ③We sincerely hope you can help us and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play. →We sincerely hope you can and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play. 【知识归纳】　 ◎harm one's health/reputation 损害某人的健康/名誉 ◎do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害 ◎There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处 ◎be harmful to... 对……有害 【写作语料】　 ◎do a lot of harm to the environment对环境有极大危害 ◎be harmful to our health损害我们的健康 ◎mean no harm没有恶意 ◎exposure to harmful chemicals 接触有害化学物质 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①众所周知， 沉迷于手机有害健康。 What is known is that being addicted to cellphones ． ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑，说：“在我看来，参加写作比赛并没有什么坏处。” My teacher cast me an encouraging smile，saying，“In my opinion， ．” ③近来，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的危害。 These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, our life and the environment. 【知识归纳】　 ◎argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事 ◎argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 ◎argue for/against 支持/反对…… ◎argue that... 提出理由说明；主张…… 【写作语料】　 ◎argue with each other about/over whether we should study online就是否应该在线学习的问题争论不休 ◎argue for studying online支持在线学习 ◎argue against exploring space 反对探索太空 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is beyond (argue) that the Great Wall is one of the symbols of China． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)令我非常高兴的是，我终于说服了大卫参加越野跑，它被认为是一项有益的活动。 To my great joy, I finally ，which was viewed as a rewarding activity. ③(2022·全国乙卷)65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过阅读英语经典名著提高他们的英语水平。 65% of the students enjoying English songs while 18% of the students they can have their English level improved by reading English classics. 【知识归纳】　 ◎replace...with/by... 用……替换…… ◎replace...as... 取代……而成为…… ◎take the place of＝take one's place 代替 ◎in place of 代替(介词短语，不作谓语) 【写作语料】　 ◎replace plastic bags with paper bags 用纸袋代替塑料袋 ◎replace him as the leading role取代他成为主角 ◎use public transportation in place of private cars使用公共交通工具来代替私家车 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·全国甲卷)在日常出行中，私家车在很大程度上已经被共享单车所取代，这为人们提供了一种方便和环保的短途出行方式。 When it comes to our daily trips, private cars , which offer a convenient and eco­friendly way to travel short distances. ②(2024·全国甲卷)在许多城市，这些共享单车已经部分取代了私家车，因而减少了交通拥堵，促进了更环保的生活方式。 →These shared bicycles in many cities, reducing traffic congestion and promoting a greener lifestyle. →These shared bicycles in many cities, reducing traffic congestion and promoting a greener lifestyle. 【知识归纳】　 ◎as a reward for 以报答/奖赏…… ◎in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励 ◎reward sb with...for sth 因为某事而用……酬谢某人 ◎be rewarded with 得到……奖赏 【写作语料】　 ◎an interesting and rewarding experience 一次有趣且意义非凡的经历 ◎financial reward 物质奖励；经济回报 ◎be rewarded for your generosity你的慷慨会得到回报 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2022·浙江6月卷)除了服务时间之外，通过这次有益的经历，我得到了更有价值的东西：每一个微小的善举都会产生影响。 Through ，apart from the service hours，I ：Every small action of kindness makes an impact. ②我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。 I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing ． 【知识归纳】　 ◎on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 ◎on the basis of 在……的基础上 ◎base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上 ◎be based on/upon... 以……为基础 【写作语料】　 ◎some basic table manners一些基本的餐桌礼仪 ◎on the basis of fact以事实为基础 ◎playing football on a regular basis 经常踢足球 ◎be based on a true case 根据真实案例 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2022·天津6月卷)英语口语俱乐部的成员把每天用英语交流当成习惯。基于大量的练习，他们逐渐讲出了一口流利的英语。 Spoken English Club members make it a habit to communicate with each other in English ． ，they have gradually spoken fluent English. ②(2024·浙江1月卷)基于各种研究，仅仅10分钟的跳绳就可以燃烧与跑步30分钟相当的卡路里。 , just ten minutes of jumping rope can burn as many calories as running for thirty minutes. 【知识归纳】　 ◎focus (...) on/upon... 集中(……)于…… ◎focus one's attention/eyes/energy on... 集中注意力于…… ◎the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点 【写作语料】　 ◎with his attention focused on his homework他的注意力集中在家庭作业上 ◎focus (my attention) on the details of the painting 关注画作的细节 ◎focus on improving ourselves and pursuing our own goals 专注于提高自己，追求自己的目标 ◎the focus of the discussion讨论的焦点 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考卷)我把焦点集中在花瓣的不同颜色和形状上，这使我的画充满活力和生机。 I , which made my painting vibrant and lively. ②她目不转睛地看着我，轻声说了些什么，仿佛在分享只有我们能理解的秘密。 , she spoke softly, as if sharing a secret that only we could understand.(with复合结构) ③(2021·浙江1月卷)头发打结，南瓜肉盖着鼻子，我成了网上看这条视频的人关注的焦点。 Hair full of knots and tangles and nose covered by pumpkin pulp，I of those who viewed the video posted online. 【知识归纳】　 ◎in addition to “除……以外(还……)” ◎besides 另外 ◎what's more 另外，此外 ◎moreover 而且 ◎furthermore 此外， 而且 【写作语料】　 ◎The city has the largest population in the country and in addition is a major shipping port.该城市是该国人口最多的城市，另外还是一个主要的航运港口。 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①另外，他很热心，乐于帮助有需要的人，这是我向你推荐他的原因。 , for which I recommend him to you. ②除了了解过去，历史教学还可以帮助学生独立思考。 , history teaching can help students to think for themselves. （一）多义词辨义 1．trick A．n.技巧;诀窍 B．n.引起错觉的事物 C．vt.欺骗;欺诈 ①(2024·全国甲卷)Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880－1990：Into the Light. ②Was there somebody standing there or was it a trick of the light？ ③Realizing he had been tricked，the prince returned the daughter to her mother. 2．view A．n.景色，风景　 B．n.观点；意见　C．vt.把……视为　 D．n.视野 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Half of the students view watching English movies as the most effective way to practice English. ②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)From a 21st­century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery­powered e­reader. ③(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. ④On the way to the farm, attractive scenery came into view, and you can imagine how thrilled we were. 3．fancy A．vt.想要；喜欢　 B．vt.想象；设想　 C．vt.认为……会成功/赢　 D．adj.昂贵的　 E．adj.精致的　F．adj.花哨的 ①Which team do you fancy to win the Speech Competition this year？ ②I feel greatly honored to be invited to a restaurant with fancy prices. ③I just wanted a simple black dress，nothing fancy. ④Guests were told to come in fancy dress，and therefore，I must borrow one from my best friend. ⑤Do you fancy going to the dance on Saturday night？ ⑥I can't fancy her to be a teacher and it is beyond my imagination. （二）构词法猜义——巧借前缀ex­推测词义 前缀re­有两重含义：“重，又，再”和“回，返回” 本单元：replace　re­ (重, 又)＋place (地方)→重新放置在原位置→引申为：v.代替；取代 1．(2024·全国甲卷)For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).vi. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)So，it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.vt. 3．(2023·全国甲卷)Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express：In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. vt. 4．(2023·浙江1月卷)The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15.n. 5．(2022·全国甲卷)Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.vi. 6．(2021·全国甲卷)I come to you，hat in hand，to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.vt. 【教材原句】 While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships.虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 【知识归纳】 while的用法如下： ◎用作从属连词，意为“虽然；尽管”。 ◎用作从属连词，意为“当……的时候；在……时”。 ◎用作并列连词，意为“然而”，表示前后分句的对比转折。 ◎用作名词，意为“一段时间(尤指较短的时间)”，如：for a while(暂时)；in a while(过一会儿)。 注意：while引导从句时，若从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同，且从句中的谓语动词中含有be动词时，此时从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。 【写作佳句】　 ①(2024·新高考卷)While he asked me not to bother about the money, I insisted we meet at the bus station and I would give him what he deserved. 虽然他让我不要担心钱的问题，但我坚持要在公交车站见面，给他应得的钱。 ②(2022·浙江1月卷)I decided to devote myself to working on the subjects，while he developed the scientific model. 我决定全身心地投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则在研发科学模型。 ③While (we are) visiting this exhibition，we can not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot.[应用文之活动介绍] 参观这次展览的时候，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，而且可以学到很多东西。 ④(2024·新高考卷)Having caught up for a while, we parted ways. 聊了一会儿，我们就分开了。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。 , they got on quite well in the summer camp. ②(2022·全国乙卷)根据上面的图表，18%的学生更喜欢阅读英语书籍，而12%的学生将注意力更多地放在了浏览英语学习网站上。 On the basis of the above chart, 18% of the students prefer to read English books ． ③制作风筝时，我意识到我已经忽略了它背后的真正意义。 , I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. 【教材原句】According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 【知识归纳】 ◎此句型it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。类似句型还有： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(make＋it＋形容词＋that从句,make＋it＋useless/no use/no good...＋doing sth)) ◎常用于这种句型的动词：make，consider，think，feel，find等。 ◎类似句型还有： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(like/dislike/hate/love/appreciate/enjoy/owe＋it＋when/if从句,take it for granted that...认为……理所当然,see to it that...确保……,depend on it that...指望……)) 【写作佳句】　 ①(2022·全国乙卷)The growing popularity of smartphones and computers has made it convenient for us to learn English online. 智能手机和电脑的日益普及为我们在线学习英语提供了方便。 ②I consider it no use taking online courses without self­discipline. 我认为不自律的话，上网课没用。 ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We would appreciate it if you could accept our invitation and give us invaluable advice in the show. 如果您能接受我们的邀请并在节目中给我们宝贵的建议，我们将不胜感激。 ④I'd like it if you could accept our sincere invitation to attend the upcoming graduation celebration.[应用文之邀请信] 我希望你能接受我们诚挚的邀请，参加即将到来的毕业典礼。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。 You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance，which ． ②我曾经理所当然地认为父母应该在我需要的时候给我钱，而现在我觉得我有责任为家庭尽我的一份力。 I used to whenever I needed it，but now for the family. ③(2023·天津3月卷)他是人民心中的活雷锋，很明显，你可以相信他会在你需要的时候帮助你。 He is admitted as a living Lei Feng and obviously，you can whenever necessary. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．The old man found impossible to get rid of his accent thoroughly. 2．In general，adults' words and behavior have great effects their children. 3．Being addicted to alcohol did harm his health and he passed away because of cancer. 4．Immediately the retired man was accessible the free Wi­Fi，he was attached to it. 5．Red roses represent love，while yellow roses are often viewed a symbol of friendship. 6．He felt (power) when he failed after making all efforts to realize his dream. Though teaching the teenagers takes much energy and patience，I find it (reward). Now that I was fortunate to get the job，I would concentrate doing the job perfectly. 9．He swallowed hard and finally admitted (make) such a serious mistake. 10．Learning that he was no longer in favor the project，I was heartbroken and disappointed. 11．As far as I'm (concern)，it is not appropriate to wear jeans for such an important occasion. 12．On the (base) of the current political affairs，the authorities have determined to take the following effective measures. 13．Because there were more female guests in the party，the host replaced beer soft drinks thoughtfully. 14．I was tricked selling my treasure at a low price and tears of sadness rolled down my cheeks. 15．Now that the retired couple have more spare time，they can focus their attention cuisine to satisfy the appetite of their families. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Our lives in the 21st century are networked. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 4．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you've ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs，then why not subscribe to it? 5．(2021·全国乙卷)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 6．Once his message was delivered，he allowed me to stay and watch. 7．It is the first case (病例) to be confirmed in humans. 8．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ◎spring“跳”＋board“板”→springboard 9．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter­gatherer people today. ◎hunter“狩猎者”＋gatherer“采集者”→hunter­gatherer 10．(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape­recognition abilities to a human two­year­old. ◎shape“形状”＋recognition“识别”→shape­recognition 假定你是李华，你最近发现一些同学经常在社交平台分享个人的生活照片，你觉得这样的行为很危险，请你就如何安全使用个人社交网络账户写一篇博客。 [构建语义场——信息技术] ①application 应用程序 ②software 软件 ③hardware 硬件 ④keyboard 键盘 ⑤online 联机的，在线的 ⑥telecommunication 电信，远程通信 ⑦network 网络 ⑧website 网站 ⑨Internet 互联网 ⑩netizen 网民 ⑪forum 论坛 ⑫blog 博客 ⑬datebase 数据库 ⑭digital 数字的，数码的 ⑮wireless 无线的 ⑯surf the Internet 上网冲浪 ⑰video site 视频网站 ⑱online community 网络社区 ⑲computer virus 计算机病毒 ⑳hack into (黑客)入侵 ㉑web browsing 网页浏览 ㉒online shopping 网上购物 ㉓chat room 聊天室 ㉔document transmission 文件传输 ㉕search engine 搜索引擎 ㉖social networking apps社交网络应用程序 ㉗stay in touch with friends和朋友保持联系 ㉘personal social networking account个人社交网络账户 ㉙give away private information泄露私人信息 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：简要介绍社交网络应用的利和弊 1．社交网络应用程序非常方便，因而无论我们在哪里或我们在做什么都可以和朋友保持联系。然而，除非以安全的方式使用，它们会给我们带来危险而非好处。(“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句) 第二段：详细介绍使用个人社交网络账户的建议 2．在使用个人社交网络账户时，请记住以下建议。(while引导时间状语从句) 3．避免泄露任何私人信息以防身份盗窃。 此外，尽量参加各种各样的活动来提高你的社交技能，以免沉迷于社 交网络应用程序。 5．不要专注于和那些你不熟悉的人聊天，因为你可能会被他们欺骗。(as引导原因状语从句) 第三段：欢迎发表个人意见 6．如果你有任何创造性的看法，尽情评论。 Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [动作描写]　admit；trick；experiment；type；cheat；view；press；deliver；hug；concentrate；focus [人物描写]　self­focused；addicted；sensible；powerful；concerned；creative；imaginary；accessible 佳句 1．However，nearly all avatars are tall，young and nice­looking，so people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.(外貌描写) 2．The avatars in online worlds can talk，walk and fly around，meet people，go shopping and attend classes.(动作描写) 3．Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.(情感描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 awkward adj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的→awkwardness n．尴尬；难堪　embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的；令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的　ashamed adj.感到羞愧，感到羞耻→shame n．羞愧，羞耻　burn/blush/flush with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/发红　blood rushes to one's face 脸通红　in an embarrassed voice/tone尴尬的声音/语调 佳句 1．So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears.(倒装句) 她感到非常羞愧，几乎要哭了。 2．Feeling terribly embarrassed，she could even feel the blood rushing to her face.(现在分词短语作状语)她感到非常尴尬，甚至能感觉到血液涌到脸上。 3．She felt ashamed of her foolish behavior，with her face burning with shame.(with的复合结构)她为自己的愚蠢行为感到羞愧，脸羞愧得发烫。 4．All the air seemed to become solid and she felt as if the whole world were watching her.(夸张)所有的空气似乎都凝固了，她觉得仿佛整个世界都在看着她。 5．He lowered his head and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide his inner embarrassment.(现在分词短语作状语) 他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，琢磨着如何掩饰内心的尴尬。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　我丈夫轻拍我的肩膀，恳求我不要再沉迷于在线游戏，但我只是回头耸了耸肩，无视他明智的建议。有一天，当我浏览我的网页推送时，一个朋友的帖子弹出。她写道：“放弃任何不现实的事情，放弃所有不能反映你最光明的愿望的活动。”这篇帖子深深地触动了我的灵魂，我为自己的愚蠢行为感到羞愧，羞愧得脸都红了。最后，我羞愧得几乎要掉眼泪了。我丈夫坐在我旁边，紧紧地拥抱着我，给予我安慰。我依偎在他的肩膀上，用尴尬的声音喃喃自语：“从现在开始，我要把精力集中在我们的现实生活，而不是虚拟世界。” My husband tapped me on the shoulder，begging me not to ① the online game any longer，but I just looked over my shoulder and shrugged， ② (现在分词短语作状语).One day when I looked through my web feed，a friend's post popped up.She wrote，“Let go of anything unrealistic and all activities that do not mirror your brightest intentions for yourself.”The post touched my soul so much that I felt ashamed of my foolish behavior，③ (with复合结构). Finally，④ (倒装句).My husband sat next to me and hugged me tightly，comforting me.I snuggled up against his shoulder，murmuring ⑤ ，“I will focus on our real life instead of the virtual world from now on.” $