选择性必修第四册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．clinic　　　 n．诊所，(医院)门诊部 2．gallery n．美术馆，画廊 3．grocery n．食品杂货；超级市场 4．bakery n．面包烘房，糕饼店 5．cafeteria n．(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂 6．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 7．suburb n．郊区，近郊，城郊 8．forum n．(互联网上的)论坛，讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论节目 9．intervention n．干涉，干预 10．friction n．不和，冲突，摩擦 11．network n．人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 12．sociologist　　 n．社会学家 13．bimonthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的 14．closely­knit adj.紧密联结在一起的 15．outskirts n．市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区 16．gable n．山墙，三角墙 17．tear­stained adj.有泪痕的 18．orphan n．孤儿 19．faucet n．水龙头 20．pillow n．枕头 21．resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地 22．emperor n．皇帝 23．republic n．共和国 写作词汇 1．wait outside the jammed stadium在拥挤不堪的体育场外等候 2．a conflict between two cultures 两种文化的冲突 3．his scientific theory 他的科学理论 4．make no impression on her没给她留下什么印象 5．in a random order 按随机顺序 6．underline the key words and phrases在关键词和短语下面画线 7.a large household一大家子人 8．in the stiff, ugly dress 穿着僵硬丑陋的衣服 9．proceed to cry stormily 继续大哭 10．be revealed by the local paper 被当地报纸揭露 11．in the depths of despair 在极度绝望中 12．a bare mountainside光秃秃的山坡 13．remove the bones from the fish除去鱼刺 14．dive into the water from the bridge从桥上跳入水中 15．frown in puzzlement 困惑地皱眉 拓展词汇 1． disagreement n. 　 意见不合，分歧，争论 agreement n. 同意；(意见)一致；协定 agree vi.& vt. 同意 disagree vi. 不同意 2． envy n．& vt. 羡慕，妒忌 envious adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的 3． encouragement n． 鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物 encourage vt. 鼓励，鼓舞 encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的 4． disturb vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断 disturbance n. 干扰；扰乱 disturbing adj. 令人不安的 5． apologise vi.　　　 道歉，谢罪 apology n. 道歉；歉意 6． additionally adv. 除此之外，此外 additional adj. 另外的；附加的 addition n. 添加；增加；加法；[C]附加物 add vt. 增加；添加；补充说明 7． consequence n. 后果 consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 consequently adv. 因此；所以 8． frequently adv. 经常地，频繁地 frequent adj. 经常的，频繁的 frequency n. 频繁；发生率；频率 9． appeal vi.　　　　　 有吸引力 vi.& vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉 appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的 10．adopt vi.& vt. 收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度 adoption n. 收养；采纳 adopted adj. 收养的，领养的 11．amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇 amazing adj. 令人惊奇的 amazed adj. 惊讶的 amaze vt. 使大为吃惊；使感到惊愕 12．investigate vi.& vt. 查明，调查，侦查 investigation n. 调查 13．sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；不幸 sorrowful adj.　　 悲痛的；悲哀的 14．interrupt vi.& vt. 打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰 interruption n. 打扰；扰乱 15．legal adj. 法律的；法律允许的，合法的 illegal adj. 不合法的 16．forgive vi.& vt. 原谅，宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅 forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕 17．freeze vi.& vt. 呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰；(使)冻结 freezing adj. 极冷的，严寒的 frozen adj. 冷冻的，冷藏的；结冰的 教材外课标词汇 1．substance /'sʌbstəns/ n．物质；物品；事实根据 2．substantial /səb'stænʃl/ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 3．superior /suː'pɪəriə(r)/ adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 4．suspend /sə'spend/ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 5.sustain /sə'steɪn/ vt.维持；遭受；承受住 6．tackle /'tækl/ vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 7．teapot /'tiːpɒt/ n．茶壶 8．territory /'terətri/ n．领土；版图；领域；地盘 9．theft /θeft/ n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪 10．thinking /'θɪŋkɪŋ/ n．思想；思维；见解 一词多义 1．release 　 ①vt.发表，发布；释放 ②n.发表，发布；释放 2．clasp ①vt.握紧，抱紧 ②n.紧握，紧抱 3．shiver ①n.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖 ②vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖 4．sigh ①n.叹息，叹气 ②vi.叹息，叹气 5．sob ①n.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 ②vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 熟词生义 1．chain [常见义]n.一连串，一系列；链子，链条→[生僻义]n.连锁店vt.用锁链拴住(或束缚、固定) 2．bond [常见义]n.纽带，联系→[生僻义]vi.& vt.建立联系，增强信任关系 3．loan [常见义]n.贷款→[生僻义]vt.借出，出借 4．dare [常见义]n.& vi.胆敢，敢于→[生僻义]vt.激(某人做某事) 5．document [常见义]n.公文，文件→[生僻义]vt.记录，记载 6．parcel [常见义]n.包裹；邮包→[生僻义]n.(重要)部分 词源猜义 1．cafeteria 　cafe (咖啡)＋teria(地方)→提供咖啡和餐食的地方→引申为：n.自助餐厅，食堂 2．friction　 frict (摩擦)＋ion(名词词尾)→摩擦产生的效果→引申为：n.摩擦，冲突，不和 3．sociologist　 socio (社会)＋log (学说)＋ist(人)→研究社会的人→引申为：n.社会学家 4．republic　 re (公共)＋public (公众)→公共事务的管理→引申为：n.共和国 5．stadium　 stad (站立)＋ium(场所)→供人们站立观看的场所→引申为：n.体育场，竞技场 6．impression　 im (进入)＋press (压)＋ion(名词词尾)→进入并留下的压痕或印象→引申为：n.印象，感想 7．household　 house (房子)＋hold(持有)→持有房子的人或家庭→引申为：n.家庭，一家人，同住一栋房子的人 8．despair　 de (去除)＋spair (希望)→去除希望的状态→引申为：n.绝望，失望 9．consequence　 con (共同)＋sequ (跟随)＋ence(名词词尾)→共同跟随的结果→引申为：n.结果，后果 10．investigate　 in (进入)＋vestig (追踪)＋ate(动词词尾)→进入追踪的过程→引申为：vi.& vt.调查，研究，查明，侦查 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．hang out 　　　 闲待，厮混 2．burst into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 3．come up 出现；发生 4．with the aim of 为了……，目的是…… 5．be involved in 参与，涉及 6．in amazement 吃惊地 7．participate in 参加，加入 8．sort out 解决(问题)；理清(细节) 9．a chain of 一系列，一连串 10．consist of 　　　 由……组成 11．keep an eye on 注意 12．be familiar with 对……熟悉 13．in the hope of 怀着……的希望 14．in return for 作为回报 15．refer to ①提到，提及 ②参考，查阅 ③指的是 16．turn down ①翻转，折叠 ②拒绝 ③关小，调低(音量) Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1． ... once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.(“once＋过去分词”作状语) 2．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．(强调句型) 3．I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.(情态动词＋have done) 4．“Well，well，there's no need to cry so about it.”(there is no need to do...没有必要做……) 5．To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．……结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 2．正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 3．我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。 4．“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。” 5．马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　What impressed Ben most was that his family moved frequently.There was a time when the household had to move bimonthly.He once lived in a neighbourhood where there were a clinic，a gallery，a grocery，a stadium and a bakery.The reason why Ben's family moved frequently was that Ben would hang out with other guys and throw noisy parties almost every night，which disturbed his neighbors and caused a chain of trouble.His parents had to apologise to others and ask for forgiveness.Frictions often appeared. Jay was an orphan.He remembered living in a small house with bare walls.It was freezing cold in winter.With no hot water，he hated the faucet.The water in the faucet sent him shivers through the bones in winter.His fingers were often frozen stiff because of the extreme cold water. 　　Jenny remembered her mother bursting into tears one night.She sighed with a tear­stained face，complaining about loans and debts all the time.Jenny sobbed，pressed her face down into the pillow and clasped the bedclothes，feeling in the depths of despair. Thomas remembered conflicting with his parents about his future career.His parents appealed to him to study law，but he was tired of dealing with legal documents.This disagreement existed for a long time.As a consequence，Thomas left home with his parcel.He chose a profession related to sociology and has worked with a sociologist ever since. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 最令本印象深刻的是他的家人经常搬家。曾经有一段时间，这家人不得不每两个月搬一次家。他曾经住在一个社区，那里有诊所、画廊、杂货店、体育场和面包店。本的家人经常搬家的原因是本几乎每晚都会和其他男孩厮混，在一起举办嘈杂的派对，这打扰了他的邻居，造成了一连串的麻烦。他的父母不得不向别人道歉并请求原谅。冲突经常出现。 杰伊是个孤儿。他曾经住在一间小房子里，家徒四壁。冬天很冷。没有热水，他讨厌水龙头。冬天水龙头里寒冷彻骨的水冻得他发抖。由于水太凉了，他的手指经常被冻得僵硬。 　　珍妮记得有一天晚上她妈妈突然哭了起来。她满脸泪痕地叹了口气，不停地抱怨贷款和债务。珍妮抽泣着，把脸埋在枕头里，紧紧地抱着被褥，感觉绝望到了极点。 托马斯记得他和父母就未来的职业发生了冲突。他父母劝他学习法律，但他厌倦处理法律文件。这种分歧存在了很长时间。因此，托马斯带着包裹离开了家。他选择了与社会学有关的职业，并且从那时起一直和一位社会学家一起工作。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．clinic 　　　 n．诊所，(医院)门诊部 2．gallery n．美术馆，画廊 3．grocery n．食品杂货；超级市场 4．bakery n．面包烘房，糕饼店 5．cafeteria n．(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂 6．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 7．suburb n．郊区，近郊，城郊 8．forum (互联网上的)论坛，讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论节目 9．intervention n．干涉，干预 10．friction n．不和，冲突，摩擦 11．network 　　 n．人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 12．sociologist n．社会学家 13．outskirts n．市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区 14．tear­stained adj.有泪痕的 15．orphan n．孤儿 16．pillow n．枕头 17．resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地 18．emperor n．皇帝 19．republic n．共和国 20．loan n．贷款 21．document n．公文，文件 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．stadium　　 n．体育场，运动场 2．theory n．学说，理论 3．chain n．一连串，一系列；链子，链条 4．random adj.随机的，随意的 5．parcel n．包裹；邮包 6．phrase n．成语，习语；警句 7．household n．一家人，同住一栋房子的人 8．bond n．纽带，联系 9．stiff 　 adj.挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的 10．freeze vi.& vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结 11．clasp vt.握紧，抱紧 n．紧握，紧抱 12．dive vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水 13．dare n．& vi.胆敢，敢于 14．bare adj.空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的 15．shiver n．& vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖 16．bone n．骨头；骨质物 17．frown vi.皱眉 Ⅱ.单词语境练 18．(2024·浙江1月卷)Hence, private climate engineering can proceed (继续进行) in relative legal safety. 19．She found herself in conflict (冲突，矛盾) with her parents over her future career. 20．The film, which was scheduled to be released (发布)on 27 March globally, has been delayed. 21．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Upon hearing this, David let out a sigh (叹息，叹气), his face buried in his hands, and began to cry. 22.He needs to pay off all his debts (债务) before he leaves the country. 23．A true friend will always extend a helping hand to you when you're in the depths of despair (绝望). 24．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.He buried his head in his hands, sobbing (哭泣) silently. 25．Abandoning himself to the sorrow (悲伤，悲痛) of losing his cat，Steven couldn't help crying. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论→agreement n．同意；(意见)一致；协定→agree vi.& vt.同意→disagree vi.不同意 2．envy n．& vt.羡慕，忌妒→envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的 3．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断→disturbing adj.令人不安的 4．additionally adv.除此之外，此外→additional adj.另外的；附加的→addition n．添加；增加；加法；[C]附加物→add vt.增加；添加；补充说明 5.consequence n．后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 6．investigate vi.& vt.查明，调查，侦查→investigation n．调查 7．interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruption n．打扰；扰乱 8．legal adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 9．forgive vi.& vt.原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅→forgiveness n．原谅；宽恕 Ⅱ.词族语境练 10．Thanks to your encouragement，I made continuous and encouraging progress in maths，and finally decided to study it in the university.(encourage) 11．The disturbing news disturbed the family's peaceful life and the family all felt disturbed．(disturb) 12．She apologised to the teacher for her being late，and he accepted her apology．(apologise) 13．Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs Green，who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption，Mr White could receive a good education and become an engineer.(adopt) 14．Frequently going out on a date may result in frequent absence from classes，which will interfere with their studies.(frequent) 15．As a matter of fact，the appealing book appealed to me instantly I read it.(appeal) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．hang out 　　　　 闲待，厮混 2．burst into 突然……起来(尤指唱 歌、哭、笑等) 3．with the aim of 为了……，目的是…… 4．be involved in 参与，涉及 5．turn down 拒绝；调低 6．in amazement 吃惊地 7．participate in 参加，加入 第二组 8．sort out 解决(问题)；理清(细节) 9．consist of 由……组成 10．keep an eye on 密切注意 11．be familiar with 对……熟悉 12．in the hope of 怀着……的希望 13．in return for 作为回报 14.I am saving money on a regular basis with the aim of buying a house of my own. 15．We should set aside some time every week to hang out with our friends and have a proper conversation. 16．There is no need to keep an eye on him all day.After all, he is not a child. 17．Humans spend a lot of time and money on their pets and the pets give all they have in return for that. 18．On the whole, frequently participate in a wide variety of activities, and older adults will be less likely to feel depressed. 19．The only one in our office that is familiar with the new system is Jimmy，in whose absence，we had no choice but to wait. 20．Resting her head on my shoulder，my daughter burst into tears，releasing all her emotions. 21．He would sort out his own problems in time. 三、句式过关测 1．……结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。(“once＋过去分词”作状语) ...once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. 2．正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。(强调句型) It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． 3．我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。(情态动词＋have done) I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me. 4．“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。”(there is no need to do...) “Well，well，there's no need to cry so about it．” 5．马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装) To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely. Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 vi.抵触，冲突 【知识归纳】　 ◎come into conflict with 和……冲突(动作) ◎(be) in conflict (with) (和……)冲突 (状态) ◎conflict with 与……发生冲突 【写作语料】　 ◎be in conflict with each other相互矛盾 ◎come into conflict with his boss和他的老板发生争执 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①她经常与邻居就一些小事发生争执。 She often conflicts with/comes into conflict with her neighbors over small things. ②另一方面，时尚是我们生活中的重要组成部分，它与我们的学习并不冲突。 For another，fashion is an essential part of our life，which isn't in conflict with/doesn't conflict with our studies. envy n．& vt.羡慕，妒忌(envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地 ◎be envious of 羡慕；嫉妒 【写作语料】　 ◎out of envy 出于嫉妒 ◎be green with envy (十分)妒忌的，眼红的 ◎be consumed with envy 嫉妒得要命 ◎an envious glance 羡慕的目光 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)I couldn't help feeling a bit envious of my classmates who seemed to excel effortlessly in sports. ②The athlete's outstanding performance in the competition made his rivals green with envy. ③与其嫉妒别人的成功，我们不如专注于提高自己，追求自己的目标。 Instead of being envious of others' success, we should focus on improving ourselves and pursuing our own goals. apologise vi.道歉，谢罪(apology n．道歉；歉意) 【知识归纳】　 ◎apologise (to sb) for (doing) sth 因(做)某事(向某人)道歉 ◎apologise to sb that... 向某人道歉…… ◎make an apology to sb (for sth) (因某事)向某人道歉 ◎owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 【写作语料】　 ◎accept my sincere apology接受我真诚的道歉 ◎receive a letter of apology收到一封道歉信 ◎apologise to you for the mistake I made in the work 对我在工作中所犯的错误向你道歉 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①没能提交你上周给我的作业，而作业应该在本周五完成，我写信向你致以诚挚的歉意。[应用文之道歉信] I'm writing to apologise/make an apology for being unable to submit the homework given by you last week，which is due this Friday. ②我因为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店而向你道歉。 I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. consequence n．后果(consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的　consequently adv.所以；因此) 【知识归纳】　 ◎as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result 因此；结果 ◎as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of 因为；由于 【写作语料】　 ◎face/take the consequences 面对/承担结果 ◎consequent changes/effects/problems随之而来的变化/影响/问题 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①由于老师经常鼓励她，她努力学习，取得了很大的进步。 As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of her teacher's frequent encouragement，she worked hard and made great progress. ②我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。[应用文之道歉信] My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as a consequence/consequently/in consequence，I had to attend to him. appeal vi.有吸引力；呼吁，恳请；上诉 n．呼吁；恳求；吸引力；魅力(appealing adj.有吸引力的；有感染力的；令人感兴趣的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎appeal to sb 吸引某人，使某人感兴趣 ◎appeal to sb for sth 为某事恳求某人 ◎appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 ◎make an appeal to sb for sth 为某事呼吁某人 【写作语料】　 ◎appeal to both men and women对男女都有吸引力 ◎appeal to the crowd to donate money to children 呼吁人们为孩子们捐款 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①在我演讲的最后，我呼吁每个人尽自己的一份力量来保护地球。[应用文之演讲稿] At the end of my speech，I appeal to everyone to do your own part to protect the earth． ②(2022·浙江1月卷)该节日旨在促进文化交流，吸引了来自不同国家的人们。 The festival，aimed at promoting cultural exchanges，appealed to people from different countries． ③我在此呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的校园。[应用文之倡议书] I am writing to appeal to/make an appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more beautiful campus. debt n．债务，欠款 【知识归纳】　 ◎in debt (to sb) 　 欠(某人)债；受(某人)恩惠 ◎out of debt 不欠债 ◎owe sb a debt 欠某人人情 ◎run/fall into debt 陷入债务危机 ◎pay off debts 还清债务 【写作语料】　 ◎with all their debts paid off 他们所有的债务都还清了 ◎end up deep in debt最后债台高筑 ◎owe a debt to his inspirational poems 得益于他那鼓舞人心的诗歌 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was he who, with great generosity, helped me when I was in debt to many. ②在美术课上，我意识到我欠老师一份感激之情，他的指导是无价的。 In the art class, I realized I owed a debt of gratitude to my teacher, whose guidance was invaluable. ③项目完成后，我还清了所有债务，感觉无债一身轻。 With the project completed, I felt relieved to be out of debt, having paid off all my obligations. hang out 闲待，厮混 【知识归纳】　 ◎hang on 别挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；(在逆境中)坚持，不放弃 ◎hang on to 保留，保存；不放弃 ◎hang about/(a)round 闲逛 ◎hang up 挂断(电话) 【写作语料】　 ◎hang out/about/(a)round last weekend in the park上个周末在公园闲逛 ◎hang on to those old photographs留着那些旧照片 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我呼吁处于困境中的人们坚决不放弃任何希望。只有坚持下去，我们最终才有可能成功。 I appeal to those in trouble to hang on to any hope resolutely.Only if we hang on can we likely succeed in the end. ②我正在街上闲逛时，突然注意到一个女孩在路边抽泣，好像处在极度的绝望中。 I was hanging out/about/around/round on the street when I noticed a girl sobbing on the roadside as if she were in the depths of despair. burst into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 【知识归纳】　 ◎burst out 　　 　　 突然……起来 ◎burst with anger 勃然大怒 ◎burst in 突然闯进；破门而入 ◎a burst of 一阵…… 【写作语料】　 ◎burst out crying/laughing(＝burst into tears/laughter) 突然哭/笑起来 ◎Sadness surging within her，she burst into tears bitterly. 她心中涌起悲伤，突然痛哭起来。 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①他勃然大怒，冲了进来，发出一声可怕的尖叫。一阵惊恐席卷了我的全身，我僵在原地，一动也不敢动。 He burst with anger and burst in，letting out a terrifying shriek.A burst of panic/fright/terror swept over me and I was frozen to the spot，not daring to move an inch. ②看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。[读后续写之神态描写] Seeing her classmates burst out laughing/burst into laughter because of her foolish mistakes，she burst out crying/burst into tears． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．freeze A．vt.冷冻，冷藏　B．vi.结冰　C．vt.冻结　D．vi.惊呆，吓呆　E．vt.使冻住 ①I'll freeze any food that's left over. A ②I froze with terror as the door slowly opened. D ③The governor's action freezes 300，000 accounts. C ④Ten degrees of frost had frozen the lock on the car. E ⑤Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0 ℃. B 2．adopt A．vt.正式通过 B．vt.领养 C．vt.采用，采纳 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. C ②Having no children of their own，they decided to adopt an orphan. B ③The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. A 3．release A．vt.发泄　B．n.发行物　C．n.释放　D．vt.发行；发布　E．vt.解雇 ①The club is releasing some of its older players. E ②She burst into tears，releasing all her depressed emotions. A ③It's reported that Taylor Swift's new album is to be released next year. D ④The government has been working to secure the release of the hostages. C ⑤Of the new releases that are on show，which do you think are really good？ B 巧借前缀bi­推测词义 前缀bi­：表示“两个， 两” 本单元：bi­(两……)＋month(月份)＋­ly→bimonthly adj.& adv.两月一次；一月两次 1．Students meet biweekly to discuss their experiences.adv.两周一次地 2．They hold biannual meetings to share ideas and observations.adj.一年两次的 3．The bicolor mane is not common; usually these horses have black manes and tails.adj.两色的 4．The thing is always bifacial, I hope everybody sees the sunny side of things.adj.两面的 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：情态动词＋have done 【教材原句】　I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me. 我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。 【知识归纳】 ◎might have done sth　　　　　　 本可能做某事而未做；可能做了某事 ◎could have done sth 本能够做某事而未做；可能做了某事 ◎should (not) have done sth 本(不)应该做某事而未做(做了) ◎needn't have done sth 本不必做某事而做了 ◎must have done sth 过去一定做过某事 ◎couldn't/can't have done sth 过去不可能做过某事 【写作佳句】　 ①If you had gone to school on foot this morning，you might have avoided the accident. 如果你今天早上步行上学，你就可以避免这场事故。 ②He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心． ③You should have revealed the truth to the public，or he couldn't have cheated so many people. 你本应该向公众揭露真相的，否则他不可能欺骗那么多人。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①你本不必向他道歉，因为那不是你的错。 You need not have apologised to him，because it was not your fault. ②如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。 She might have achieved greater progress if you had given her more chances. ③他们的答案完全一样——其中一个肯定是抄另一个的。 Their answers are exactly the same—one of them must have copied from the other． 句式：介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装 【教材原句】　To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla, frowning most resolutely. 马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。 【知识归纳】 句中加黑部分是介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装。 ◎表示地点的介词短语、作表语的形容词或现在分词置于句首，且主语是名词时，引起完全倒装。 ◎在完全倒装句式中，注意主语的数，做到主谓一致。 【写作佳句】　 ①By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 ②Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被掩埋在这沙土之中。 ③Into the dark apartment walked my friend，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy Birthday”． 我朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊“生日快乐”时，他感到很惊讶。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①出席典礼的有许多老师和我们的校长，他们聚精会神地听我发言。[读后续写之场景描写] Present at/Attending the ceremony were many teachers and our headmaster，who listened to me attentively. ②农场前流过一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。 In front of the farm flows a small river，which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．Music is so appealing (appeal) to us that we prefer to listen to music in our leisure time，which brings us into a different world. 2．The twins come into conflict with each other frequently and it is not surprising that there is an outbreak of quarrel. 3．Only she has access to such precious resources，which is envied (envy) by her fellows. 4．His words were an encouragement (encourage) to me and I made up my mind to study hard from then on in return for his kindness. 5．Please send your contributions to englishcolumn @sina．com.cn.If not adopted (adopt)，contributions will be returned to authors within a month. 6．Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted (interrupt) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 7．I felt as if my heart would burst with joy when I heard the news that the Chinese team had won the championship. 8．I have been attaching great importance to spoken English，so there is no problem for me to speak (speak) English fluently. 9．He can speak English very fluently as if he were (be) a native Englishman，so you can talk to him freely. 10．The boys stared at the magician in amazement (amaze) who made the rabbit vanish with a wave of his hand. 11．The official apologised for abusing power in the court，but he failed to get others' forgiveness. 12．He didn't study the policy in a thorough and systematic way.As a consequence，he couldn't answer the questions about it correspondingly. 13．His daughter，who was opposed to the marriage，burst out crying (cry) with her face buried in her hands. 14．With an impatient frown on his face，he sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. 15．At the beginning of each paragraph are (be) two questions that provoke curiosity. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.n.连锁店 2．It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.vi.建立联系，建立信任关系 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)With a squeaking call，the hummingbird dived towards me and hovered before my face，looking at me with her bright eyes.vi.扑向，冲向 4．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka．n.(网上的)帖子 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The wind picked up and thunder rolled.(风)变大，加速 6．(2020·天津7月卷)While libraries still loan out books, you'll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you're looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.vt.借出，出借 7．He dared the boy to knock at the old man's door.vt.激(某人做某事) 8．Let's hang up some family photos on this bare wall.adj.无装饰的 9．(2022·浙江1月卷)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever­growing list.vt.记录，记载 10．Learning about life in a new culture is part and parcel of what newcomers to America face.n.(重要)部分 11．(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant­free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits. ◎attract“吸引”＋­ant＋free“没有……的”→attractant­free adj.没有引诱物的 12．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. ◎cor­“和……一道/一起”＋related“有联系的”→correlated adj.相互关联的 13．(2022·北京卷)Peer (同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer­facilitated learning program available to students enrolled (注册) in most core units of study in our business school. ◎peer“同伴”＋facilitate“促进”＋­ed→peer­facilitated adj.同伴促进的 14．(2022·天津6月卷)Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is a fact... ◎main“主要的”＋stream“溪流”→mainstream adj.主流的 (一)应用文写作 [倡议书——创建和谐社会] 假设你是李华，请你围绕“创建和谐社会”的主题，用英语给全省中学生写一封倡议书。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：发出倡议 1．我呼吁所有学生为创建和谐社会作出贡献。 I appeal to all the students to make contributions to building a harmonious society. 2．这是我们在日常生活中应该做的事情。(完全倒装) Here are what we should do in our daily routine. 第二段：倡议的内容、理由、意义 3．我们不该做任何违法的事。(宾语从句) We should not do whatever is illegal. 4．我们彼此相连，我们想要满怀喜悦地帮助那些需要帮助的人。 We are connected to each other and we intend to help those in need with delight. 5．面对巨大压力，我认为我们应该采取一种乐观的态度。 In the face of great pressure，I think we should adopt an optimistic attitude. 第三段：倡议的决心或希望 6．如果我们立即采取措施节约能源，保护自然环境，我们将创造一个更加和谐的世界。(if引导的虚拟条件句) If we took measures immediately to save energy and protect our natural environment, we would create a more harmonious world. [构建语义场——人际关系与社会交往] ①dislike n．& vt.不喜欢；厌恶 ②friendship n．友谊 ③partner n．伙伴；合作者 ④honest adj.诚实的；正直的 ⑤adopt an optimistic attitude采取一种乐观的态度 ⑥help those in need with delight愉快地帮助那些需要帮助的人 ⑦keep one's promise/word 守信用 ⑧be concerned about 关心；挂念 ⑨build up true friendship 建立真正的友谊 ⑩get along with 与……相处；进展 ⑪promote friendship with 增进同……的友谊 ⑫help (sb) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境 ⑬turn to sb for help 向某人求助 ⑭know sb well 熟知某人； 跟某人熟悉 ⑮make friends with sb 和某人交朋友 ⑯form a friendship with sb 与某人建立友谊 ⑰trust each other 相互信任 ⑱share happiness and sorrows with sb 与某人同甘共苦 (二)读后续写 [圣诞聚会话题＋动作描写之看] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [情感描写]　envy n．& v．→envious adj.；amazement；despair；resolutely；sorrow [动作描写]　conflict；hang out；disturb；apologise；adopt；freeze；clasp；burst into；investigate；sigh；shiver；sob；dive；frown；appeal；interrupt 佳句 1．But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff，ugly dress，with the long red hair and the eager，bright eyes，she froze in amazement.(外貌描写＋动作描写) 2．Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and burying her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily.(动作链描写) 3．“You're not eating anything，”said Marilla sharply，eying her as if it were a serious problem.(动作描写) 4．The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare.The floor was bare，too.In one corner was the bed，a high，old­fashioned one of dark wood.Midway between table and bed was the window，with an icy white curtain over it.There was no restroom，but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner.The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming，which sent a shiver through Anne's bones.(环境描写) 5．With a sob she quickly undressed，put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.(动作链描写) 6．She carefully picked up Anne's clothes，placed them neatly on a yellow chair，and then，taking up the candle，went over to the bed.(动作链描写) 7．And upstairs，in the east gable，a lonely，heart­hungry，friendless child cried herself to sleep.(人物描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 see看见；watch 观看；observe 观察；view 把……视为；spot 注意到，发现；peep 偷窥，(透过小孔)窥视；one's eyes be fixed on/glued to目光集中于/盯着；glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看；catch a glimpse of瞥见；steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼；look sb straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛；gape at目瞪口呆地看 佳句 1．I tiptoed forward and glanced back over my shoulder from time to time to make sure that no one was following me.我蹑手蹑脚地向前走，不时回头看一眼，以确保没有人在跟踪我。 2．Seeing no other people notice me，I placed the Christmas present down，pounded the doorbell and then hid quickly behind a big tree，peeping at the doorway.(现在分词短语作状语＋动作链描写) 看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物，按了按门铃，然后迅速躲在一棵大树后面，向门口窥视。 3．James came out，glanced around and spotted the box，his eyes widening in surprise.(动作链描写＋独立主格)詹姆斯走了出来，环顾四周，发现了盒子，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 4．Watching what my sons had done，I couldn't help exclaiming，“How warm­hearted they are！”(现在分词短语作状语)看着儿子们所做的一切，我不禁惊呼：“他们真是太暖心了！” Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　随着圣诞节的临近，空气中充满了欢乐和兴奋。每个人都沉浸在幸福之中，谈论着即将到来的圣诞假期和礼物，却都没有注意到珍妮泪眼中的悲伤。珍妮是一个在孤儿院长大的女孩，现在她待在教室的角落里，眼睛盯着光秃秃的墙，陷入了沉思，仿佛处在极度的绝望中。幸运的是，她最终吸引了班长的目光，班长碰巧环顾四周，瞥见了珍妮。她直视着珍妮的眼睛，很快就意识到了原因，并在下课后秘密召集同学，试图找到一种完美的方式来让珍妮开心起来。最后，他们决定专门为她举办一场聚会。 　　①With Christmas approaching (with复合结构)，the air was filled with joy and excitement.Everyone was overwhelmed by happiness，talking about the coming Christmas holiday and gifts，②not noticing/spotting the sorrow in Jenny's tear­stained eyes (分词短语作状语).Jenny，a girl growing up in an orphanage，was now staying in the corner of the classroom，③her eyes fixed on/glued to the bare wall (独立主格)，lost in thought ④as if in the depths of despair (状语从句的省略).Fortunately，she finally attracted eyes of the monitor，⑤who happened to glance around and caught a glimpse of Jenny (who引导定语从句).She ⑥looked Jenny straight in the eye and soon realized the reason and gathered her classmates secretly after class，trying to find a perfect way to please Jenny.Finally，they determined to hold a party especially for her. A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试) Win a seven­night trip to St.Kitts for two THE DESTINATION With 18 miles of green mountains and one of the world's only expanding rainforests, St.Kitts is a Caribbean destination with a unique flavor.Its location between the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea gives its beaches distinctively different colors, from attractive gold to volcanic black.Visitors can enjoy the zip line (滑索)above the rainforest for a thrilling adventure，ride the “Last Railway in the West Indies”，discover the UNESCO­listed Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park and even become a Kittitian rum (朗姆酒) master.Enjoy it all from the island's premier luxury resort, Park Hyatt St.Kitts Christophe Harbour, where guests can take a dip in one of the two swimming pools, relax in the stylish spa, dine in a choice of three symbolic restaurants and sip a cocktail while taking in sunset views of neighboring Nevis. THE PRIZE The winner and a guest will enjoy a seven­night stay in a double room at Park Hyatt St.Kitts on a room­only basis.The prize includes return economy British Airways flights from the Gatwick Airport and return airport transfers in St.Kitts.The tour operator Inspiring Travel offers concierge­style (礼宾) service and 24/7 support while on the go. TO ENTER Answer the following question online at natgeotv.com/uk/competitions. WHAT'S THE NAME OF THE UNESCO­LISTED FORTRESS ON ST.KITTS? Competition closes on 31 March, 2025.The winner must be a UK resident and aged 18 or over. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章简要介绍了网上答题比赛获胜者的奖励和参赛条件等。 1．What can we know about the destination? A．The colour of the beaches is attractive golden. B．Guests can experience a thrilling adventure of enjoying the zip line. C．Park Hyatt St.Kitts Christophe Harbour is far from the island. D．Travelers can admire the most amazing sunset view there. B　[细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位至小标题“THE DESTINATION”下的“Visitors can enjoy the zip line (滑索) above the rainforest for a thrilling adventure”，游客们可以坐索道穿越热带雨林上空，经历一个激动人心的探险。故选B。原文中的“Visitors”和B项的“Guests”是同义转换。A项“沙滩的颜色是诱人的金黄色”，C项“Hyatt St.Kitts Christophe Harbour公园离岛很远”，D项“游客可以在那里欣赏到最令人惊喜的日落”。] 2．Which is not included in the prize? A．A seven­night stay in a double room at Park Hyatt St.Kitts. B．Daily meals during the stay at Park Hyatt St.Kitts. C．Concierge­style service and 24/7 support. D．Roundtrip economy British Airways flights from the Gatwick Airport. B　[细节理解题。根据小标题“THE PRIZE”下的“The winner and a guest will enjoy...a room­only basis”可知，获胜者和一位宾客只能享受提供房间这一服务，不包括膳食，故选B 项。A项“在Park Hyatt St.Kitts的七晚双人房”；C项“礼宾服务和七天二十四小时的帮助”；D项“从Gatwick 机场的往返经济舱的英国航空公司机票”。该题也可用排除法，A、C、D项内容均可在文中找到信息支撑。] 3．According to the passage, who has the qualification to win? A．Tom, an American interested in the natural scenery. B．Jerry, a Chinese teenager who loves travelling. C．Lucy, who signed up on 1 April, 2025. D．Rebaca, a 19­year­old British girl. D　[推理判断题。根据题干将答案定位至文章最后一段“Competition closes on 31 March, 2025.The winner must be a UK resident and aged 18 or over”，比赛截止日期是2025年3月31号。获奖者必须是英国居民，年龄为18或18岁以上。故选D 项“Rebaca，一个19岁的英国女孩”。] B (2025·湖北省高三起点考试)In today's digital age, children are exposed to a number of datafication (数据化) risks, including harmful profiling, micro targeting and behavioural control. Digital monitoring­based technologies enable parents to restrict, monitor or track children's online activities.Popular apps such as Life360 are widespread.However, such approaches have limited effectiveness in keeping children out of the boundaries of the digital space or reducing screen time usage.Meanwhile, the risks associated with these approaches emerge, such as their potential to affect family trust relationships or prevent the development of children's self­regulation skills.With modern families increasingly struggling with their children's relationship with digital technologies and lack of effective and clear guidance for them, new approaches are urgently needed. It is for this reason that Computer Science researchers working on the Oxford Martin Programme on Ethical Web and Data Architectures developed the KOALA Hero Toolkit.It has been co­developed with families and children by Oxford researchers over several years in response to increasing concerns from families about the risks associated with extensive use of the digital technologies. The toolkit has several key features.By providing families with insights into datafication risks, i．e.how children's data may be collected and processed, and used to affect what they see online, the toolkit enables families to make informed decisions about their online activities.Through both a digital and physical component, and the provision of interactive activities and discussion sheets, the toolkit facilitates meaningful conversations between children and parents, promoting a deeper understanding of digital privacy and ethics (道德准则).By providing worksheets that guide conversations and interactions with the toolkit among family members, with both children and parents involved in the learning process, the toolkit strengthens the family bonds and promotes collective problem­solving. By assessing the toolkit with 17 families, involving 23 children aged 10－14, we found positive indications of our approach to encouraging active family engagement, instead of focusing on controls and monitoring.We hope to work with a larger sample to make it more adaptable before sharing the toolkit on popular app store. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名叫KOALA Hero Toolkit的工具包，包含它产生的原因、主要特征、效果及后续改进等。 4．What do we know about digital monitoring­based technologies? A．They are unfriendly to parents. B．They need necessary improvement. C．They strengthen family relationships. D．They offer parents clear guidance. B　[推理判断题。根据题目中的关键词“digital monitoring­based technologies”可将答案定位在第二段。第二段讲数字监控技术使父母能够限制、监控或跟踪孩子的在线活动，但在让孩子远离数字空间边界或减少屏幕使用时间方面效果有限，同时伴随相关风险，如可能影响家庭信任关系或阻碍儿童自我调节技能的发展。由此可知，数字监控技术需要必要的改进，故选B。] 5．What is special about the toolkit? A．It safeguards children's online privacy. B．It promotes parent­child communication. C．It places strict control on children's data． D．It enables children to think independently. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“the toolkit facilitates meaningful conversations between children and parents...digital privacy and ethics(道德准则)”可知，该工具包促进了父母和孩子之间有意义的谈话，促进了对数字隐私和道德准则更深层次的理解。故选B。] 6．What may the researchers do next? A．To better the toolkit. B．To contact app stores. C．To target the market. D．To seek professional advice. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We hope to work with a larger sample to make it more adaptable before sharing the toolkit on popular app store”可知，研究人员希望他们能利用更大的样本，以使工具包适应性更强，即他们将改进该工具包，故选A。A项中的“better the toolkit”与文中的“make it more adaptable”是同义表达。] 7．What may be the best title? A．A Popular Digital Monitoring­based App B．Children's Exposure to Datafication Risks C．Families' Change in Attitude to Datafication D．An Innovative Approach to Digital Parenting D　[标题归纳题。文章介绍了一个新型工具包(KOALA Hero Toolkit)，用以帮助解决家庭在数字育儿中的问题。A项“一款受欢迎的基于监控的数字应用程序”；B项“儿童暴露于数据化风险中”；C项“家庭对数据化态度的改变”；D项“数字化育儿的新方法”。故D项作本文标题最佳。] C (2025·Z20名校联盟)Here's a quick quiz.Person A does a favor for you.Person B asks you to do a favor for him.Who do you tend to like more? Surprisingly, the answer is Person B．This quirk (怪癖) of human nature is known as the Ben Franklin Effect. Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania General Assembly.A powerful member didn't care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him.What to do? Instead of winning him over with sweet talk，Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man owned.This request altered the man's attitude and paved the way for their friendship.“He that has once done you a kindness will be more ready to do you another，than he whom you yourself have obliged.” Several studies have confirmed this.But how can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Some psychologists refer to cognitive dissonance(不协调).It's difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time.It makes us uncomfortable.We resolve this tension by changing our mind.“I don't like Joe, but I am doing him a favor，”we might think.“So maybe I do like him.” While cognitive dissonance explains a lot, it alone doesn't explain the Ben Franklin Effect.One 2015 study found that it was, rather, the affiliative(有亲和力的)motive that the requests convey.That is, we humans want to maintain good relations with other humans, and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others.This explains a lot about altruistic behavior.We like being useful and, by extension, we like those who give us the opportunity to do so.It's in our genes. Yet there is much we still don't know about the Ben Franklin Effect.Does it apply equally across cultures? Is there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less, not more likable? Asking to borrow a book is one thing；asking to borrow a car is another. [语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了我们对向我们求助的人会更有好感，这就是本·富兰克林效应。文章介绍了该效应的起源并对该效应背后的逻辑进行探究，最后作者认为我们对这一效应仍然还有很多东西是未知的。 8．Why does the author mention Benjamin Franklin's experience? A．To illustrate a dilemma in making choices. B．To suggest a way of striking up friendships. C．To stress the importance of strategic requests. D．To introduce the origin of the Ben Franklin Effect. D　[推理判断题。第一段讲述了我们会更喜欢向我们求助的人，这一人类本性怪癖被称为本·富兰克林效应，然后第二段谈到了本杰明·富兰克林的经历，即通过向别人求助改变了别人对自己不好的态度，所以可推知，作者提到本杰明·富兰克林的经历就是为了介绍本·富兰克林效应的起源。故选D。] 9．What is a reason for people's tendency to like those asking for favors? A．Reducing the tension caused by social contact. B．Increasing the chance of getting help in return. C．Avoiding the discomfort from conflicting thoughts. D．Establishing a cooperative community of shared trust. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，一些心理学家认为本·富兰克林效应背后的原因是认知失调，人们很难同时持有两个相互矛盾的想法。这让我们感到不舒服。我们通过改变想法来解决这一紧张感，即因自己帮助过一个人而可能喜欢他。所以题目问的原因是人们想要避免因思想冲突而引起的不适，故选C。C项中的discomfort和conflicting thoughts与文中的uncomfortable和contradictory thoughts呼应。] 10．What does the underlined word “altruistic”probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Selfless. B．Impolite. C．Aggressive. D．Responsible. A　[词义猜测题。上文谈到作为人类，我们希望维护好与他人的人际关系，而实现这一目标的一个办法就是为他人提供帮助。这在很大程度上解释了人们的利他行为，也就是无私奉献的行为。所以画线词意思与selfless相近，故选A。selfless“无私的”；impolite“不礼貌的”；aggressive“挑衅的”；responsible “有责任的”。] 11．What does the author think of the Ben Franklin Effect? A．It makes little sense. B．It applies to most cultures. C．It has situational limitations. D．It has great practical significance. C　[观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为，对于本·富兰克林效应我们有许多不了解的地方。它在不同文化背景下都同等适用吗？它是否有临界点，超过临界点后，向人求助反而会削弱别人对你的好感？向别人借书是一回事，借车是另一回事。故作者认为该效应还是受情境限制的，故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·河南郑州质量预测)Several years ago, I experienced daily severe headaches that made me want to bang my head against a brick wall.I was desperate to find a cure.1( ) In my hopelessness, my father suggested acupuncture (针灸), a treatment he had experienced in Hong Kong.It had successfully relieved his lower back pain when other treatments and medicines had failed.With limited exposure to traditional Chinese medicine, I decided to give acupuncture a try. With no particular expectations, I found myself in the office of a middle­aged woman, surrounded by Chinese herbal medicines.After explaining my issue, she placed 3 fingers on my wrist to feel my heartbeat.2( ) Soon, she took out the needles, which made me somewhat uneasy as such objects typically make me uncomfortable. 3( ) To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head.As the doctor gently handled the needles, I got the feeling that something was flowing throughout my entire body. The doctor then continued to tap and move more needles across my body.The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room.4( ) Around the 5­minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level.A moment later, before I knew it, she turned off the electricity and removed the needles, marking an end to the 20­minute process.She then gave me some herbal medicine to take for 5 days. I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 sessions, and each time the same routine was repeated and the same herbal medicine was given.The true benefits of the acupuncture treatment became clear: I remained free of headaches for 2 years.5( ) If you've experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it. A．At last, my efforts paid off. B．I now strongly advocate acupuncture. C．I was then guided to a room and told to lie down. D．Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked. E．My initial experience with acupuncture was quite surprising. F．Though it may seem scary, the acupuncture cured my back pain. G．Lying still, I could sense the electricity flowing throughout my body. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因长期遭受严重头痛困扰而尝试针灸治疗的经历。文中详细描述了从接受针灸建议、初次诊疗尝试、治疗中的感受，到最终症状缓解并推荐他人尝试的过程。 1．D　[由上文可知，这里在描述作者头痛的困境以及寻找治疗方法的急迫性。D选项“尽管尝试了不同的解决办法，但都没有奏效。”表明作者在尝试多种方法无果后的绝望状态。故选D。] 2．C　[由上文可知，接下来的逻辑应是叙述初次体验针灸的过程。根据下文可知，本空描写医生感受脉搏后和取针之间的事情，C选项“然后我被引导到一个房间并被告知躺下。”是对前文情境的延续。故选C。] 3．E　[由下文“To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head.”可知，为了治疗头痛，我从远离头部的手背开始治疗，这让人很吃惊，E选项“我最初的针灸经验非常令人惊讶。”符合题意。故选E。] 4．G　[由上文“The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room.”和下文“Around the 5­minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level.”可知，此处应描述作者在接受电针灸治疗时的感受。G选项“静静地躺着，我能感觉到电流流遍全身。”符合语境，故选G。] 5．B　[由上文和下文“If you've experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it.”可知，治疗的效果显著，作者两年来没有头痛，并推荐有类似情况的人尝试针灸。B选项“我现在强烈倡导针灸。”作为总结性语句，强调了针灸治疗的成功及其对作者的影响，适合放在最后作为对全文经历的总结，并引出对读者的建议。故选B。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·广东六校一联)The ban on cigarette advertising in the early 1970s in the United States serves as a fascinating case study in the field of public health campaigns and their unintended consequences.Despite the government's intention to discourage smoking and reduce related health risks，the ban led to an unexpected outcome：an increase in cigarette sales for the major tobacco companies. The reason for this unexpected outcome can be traced to the principles of game theory，particularly the prisoner's dilemma paradox(悖论).Just as in the prisoner's dilemma，where cooperation leads to the best outcome for both parties，the tobacco companies would benefit collectively if none of them advertised.This action would create fairness in competition, ensuring that no individual company gains an edge by advertising. However，the dilemma arises when we consider the potential actions of competitors.If one tobacco company decides to ignore the ban and advertise its products，it stands to gain a significant market share and increased sales compared to its non­advertising competitors.This creates a situation where each company faces the urge to advertise, fearing that their competitors may do the same and leave them at a disadvantage. In the end，most tobacco companies decided to play it safe and invested in advertising，despite the ban，to avoid being left behind in the competitive landscape.This strategic decision reflects the uncertainty and strategic considerations that shape business decisions，even in the face of regulations aimed at public health goals. This application of game theory provides valuable insight into the complexities of influencing human behavior through policy interventions.While well­intended efforts such as advertising bans may seem straightforward in theory，the realities of strategic decision­making and competitive dynamics often lead to unforeseen outcomes.As such，understanding the complexities of game theory can provide valuable insight for policymakers seeking to design more effective interventions and address complex societal challenges. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文讲述了 20 世纪70 年代美国发布禁止香烟广告后，意外地导致香烟销量增加的现象。文章通过引入博弈论中的囚徒困境悖论来解释这一现象，且这一现象揭示了政策干预在影响人类行为方面的复杂性。 1．What is a direct result of the ban in the 1970s? A．Cuts in tax income. B．Reduction in health risks. C．Rises in tobacco sales. D．Cooperation of companies. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the ban led to an unexpected outcome：an increase in cigarette sales for the major tobacco companies”可知，禁令导致了一个意外的结果，即主要烟草公司的香烟销量增加。故选C项。C项“Rises in tobacco sales”与“an increase in cigarette sales”是同义转换。] 2．How can all competitors benefit in the prisoner's dilemma? A．They fully trust each other and follow the regulations. B．They act independently and pursue their own interests. C．They increase their market share at the expense of others. D．They ignore competition and focus on their own strategies. A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the tobacco companies would benefit collectively if none of them advertised”可知，如果所有烟草公司都不做广告，它们将共同受益。也就是说在囚徒困境中，所有竞争对手彼此间完全信任，都遵守规定的话，他们将全部受益，故选A项。] 3．Why do most tobacco companies finally choose to advertise? A．To avoid intense competition. B．To gain a competitive advantage. C．To shape better business images. D．To achieve public health goals. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This creates a situation where...leave them at a disadvantage”可知，在这种情况下，每个公司都面临做广告的冲动，因为担心竞争对手也会这样做并使自己处于不利地位。再根据第四段首句可知，最终，虽然有禁令，大多数烟草公司决定投资于广告，以避免在竞争中处于劣势。因此，大部分烟草公司最终选择做广告是为了获得竞争优势，故选B项。] 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．A Good Intention Fails B．A Cigarette Ban Ends in Smoke C．A Ban Boosts Public Health D．A Dilemma Concerns Cigarette Companies B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，尽管政府意图通过禁止香烟广告来减少吸烟现象和降低相关健康风险，但禁令却意外地导致了香烟销量的增加。因此，B项“A Cigarette Ban Ends in Smoke”(香烟禁令终成泡影)既概括了文章内容，又具有一定的讽刺意味，故选B项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·南京市学情调研)During my holiday in Sri Lanka this year, I experienced a memorable encounter.While 1 from Ella to Kandy, we saw salespeople selling goods on the road. The 2 of this route was the many bends.There were many flower sellers.Each time the road made a bend, I could see them standing, expecting cars to 3 ． But one guy 4 my attention: not the first time, and probably not the second time either, but the third time I noticed something 5 ．The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before, and at first, I thought this might be the 6 dress of the flower sellers.On second thought, I wondered if it could be his 7 brother.But when we made another turn, I realized that the same guy was running down, taking shortcuts and 8 us all the way! It became kind of 9 ，and at every turn, we were 10 whether the guy was still behind us with his flowers.My 11 grew: how long would he run after us? After such a long journey, the poor guy started 12 ． I looked at the flowers; they were beautiful and hand­picked.I asked the driver to 13 ， opened the window, and bought the flowers.The guy was 14 and was happy that his 15 had paid off! [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在斯里兰卡度假时被一个卖花小伙子的毅力打动的故事。 1． A．hiking B．running C．driving D．cycling C　[根据第二段中的“I could see them standing, expecting cars to 3 ”和最后一段中的“I asked the driver to 13 ”可以判断，作者一行人是开车(driving)从Ella去Kandy的。] 2． A．disadvantage B．characteristic C．function D．destination B　[根据下文中的“Each time the road made a bend”可以推断，作者所走的这条路线的特点(characteristic)是拐弯多。disadvantage “不利因素，障碍，不便之处”；function“作用，功能”；destination“目的地，终点”。] 3． A．pull over B．break down C．catch up D．turn around A　[根据上文中的“There were many flower sellers”和空前的cars可知，卖花的人肯定希望过往的车辆停下来买花，故选A。pull over“靠边停车”；break down “(机器、车辆等)出故障，坏掉”；catch up“赶上，追上”；turn around“(使企业、经济等)好转”。] 4． A．sought B．shifted C．drew D．deserved C　[根据下文中的“I noticed”可知，有一个卖花的人吸引(drew)了作者的注意。seek“寻求，谋求，争取”；shift “转移(注意力等)”；deserve“值得，应得，应受”。] 5． A．urgent B．traditional C．beautiful D．familiar D　[根据下文中的“The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before(他穿的衬衫看起来像我之前看到的一件)”可知，作者注意到那个卖花的人穿的衬衫很眼熟，故选D，familiar“熟悉的”；urgent“紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的”。] 6． A．fancy B．standard C．casual D．plain B　[根据上文中的“not the first time...but the third time”和空前的“The shirt he was wearing looked like one I had seen before”可知，作者多次看到相似的衬衫，所以推断作者一开始以为这是卖花人的标准(standard)服装，故选B。fancy“精致的，有精美装饰的，绚丽的，花哨的”；casual“非正式的，随便的”；plain“不尚修饰的，朴素的，简单的”。] 7． A．twin B．poor C．lost D．diligent A　[上文讲到作者看到相似衬衫的第一反应是这是卖花人的标准服装，下文提到作者意识到是同一个卖花的小伙子在抄近路追着车跑，所以这里是说作者怀疑是不是双胞胎(twin)兄弟。diligent“勤奋的，勤勉的”。] 8． A．observing B．leading C．following D．cheering C　[根据空前的“I realized that the same guy was running down”和下文中的“whether the guy was still behind us”和“how long would he run after us？”可知，这个卖花的小伙子一直在抄近路跟着(following)我们。following “behind”是“run after”的同义复现。observe“观察，注视”。] 9． A．pleasant B．funny C．inspiring D．meaningful B　[上文讲到了一个卖花的小伙子一直在追着作者的车，空后提到作者一行人在每一个拐弯都要看一下那个小伙子是否还跟在后面，所以推断这让作者感到有点儿有趣(funny)。pleasant“令人愉快的，可喜的”；inspiring“鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的”；meaningful“严肃的，重要的，重大的”。] 10．A．checking B．considering C．doubting D．asking A　[根据空前的“at every turn”和空后的“whether the guy was still behind us with his flowers”可知，作者一行人在每一个转弯都会查看(checking)这个小伙子是不是还在跟着车跑。] 11．A．anxiety B．determination C．confidence D．curiosity D　[本句中冒号后的内容是对空处的说明。根据“how long would he run after us？”可知，作者很好奇这个小伙子会跟着跑多久。anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；determination“决心，坚定”；confidence“自信心”；curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”。] 12．A．crying B．sweating C．shouting D．complaining B　[根据常识和上文中的“After such a long journey”可知，在跑了那么远之后，小伙子开始出汗(sweating)了。] 13．A．leave B．proceed C．stop D．concentrate C　[根据空后的“opened the window，and bought the flowers”可知，作者要求司机停下(stop)了车。leave “离开”；proceed“继续做(或从事、进行)”；concentrate“集中(注意力)，聚精会神”。] 14．A．smiling B．training C．loading D．bargaining A　[根据上文中的“and bought the flowers”和下文中的“and was happy”可知，作者买了小伙子的花， 这让小伙子很开心，笑(smiling)了起来。train“训练”；load“上(船、车等)”；bargain“(与某人就某事)讨价还价，商讨条件”。] 15．A．creativity B．service C．dream D．devotion D　[根据上文中的“the same guy was running down, taking shortcuts and 8 us all the way”和“After such a long journey”可知，小伙子为了卖花追着作者的车跑了一路，最后作者也买了花。由此可见，小伙子的付出得到了回报。故选D。creativity“创造力，独创性”；devotion“奉献，忠诚，专心，热心”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·湖北省高三起点考试)In the primitive old forest area of Hanzhong，Shaanxi, there is a great amount of tough and long rattan (藤)，whose outer skin is smooth in the hand and excellent at its 1 (flexible).It is a good natural weaving material used by the local people，through their hardworking hands and wisdom，2 (make) a wide range of beautiful rattan products. Rattan weaving has the characteristics of natural materials, various techniques and visual comfort，3 greatly meets the needs of modern people for 4 new lifestyle. In recent years，more and more rattan furniture and rattan crafts 5 (enter) people's daily life，6 (add) a lively touch to life and bringing people a relaxed visual experience. The formation of the regional characteristics of traditional Shaanxi rattan weaving is not an 7 (accident) artistic phenomenon，8 an artistic expression after thousands of years of continuity，development and change, with deep­rooted national customs, culture, economy and even aesthetics(美学).It is an important cultural heritage of China． 9 a traditional craft rich in culture and art, Hanzhong rattan weaving represents the collective wisdom of the working people，10 (mirror) the essence(本质)of simple northwest customs and folk traditions and holds high value for folk custom research. [语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了汉中藤编传统工艺。 1．flexibility　[考查名词。its是形容词性物主代词，后面应用名词，flexible的名词形式为flexibility“柔韧性”。句意：在陕西汉中的原始老林区，有大量坚韧而悠长的藤，其外皮手感光滑，柔韧性极佳。] 2．to make　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主干是“It is a good natural weaving material”，“used by the local people (make) a wide range of beautiful rattan products”是过去分词短语作后置定语，be used to do sth“被用来做某事”，此处表目的，应用不定式，故填to make。句意：它是一种很好的天然编织材料，当地人通过勤劳的双手和智慧用它来制作出各式各样美丽的藤制品。] 3．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在句中作主语，指代前面整个句子，应用which。句意：藤编具有用料天然、技法多样、视觉舒适等特点，这极大地满足了现代人对新生活方式的需求。] 4．a　[考查冠词。lifestyle“生活方式”是可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，故填a。a new lifestyle“一种新的生活方式”。] 5．have entered　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语“In recent years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语“more and more rattan furniture and rattan crafts”是并列的两个名词短语，且与enter之间是主动关系。故填have entered。句意：近年来，越来越多的藤制家具和藤制工艺品已经进入了人们的日常生活，给生活增添了生动的气息，给人们带来轻松的视觉体验。] 6．adding　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中为非谓语动词作状语，且与主语“more and more rattan furniture and rattan crafts”之间为主动关系，故填adding。] 7．accidental　[考查形容词。根据空前的an和空后的phenomenon可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填accidental，意为“偶然的”。] 8．but　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用连词。not...but...是固定结构，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。句意：具有地域特色的陕西传统藤编的形成并非偶然的艺术现象，而是经过数千年的延续、发展和变化，具有根深蒂固的民族风情、文化、经济甚至美学的艺术表现形式。] 9．As　[考查介词。根据语境可知，此处意为“作为”，应填介词as。空处位于句首，首字母应大写。句意：汉中藤编作为一门富有文化艺术底蕴的传统工艺，代表了劳动人民的集体智慧，反映了淳朴的西北风俗和民间传统的精髓，对民俗研究具有很高的价值。] 10．mirrors　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的represents和空后的holds并列作谓语。此处mirror作动词，意为“反映”，与主语“Hanzhong rattan weaving”之间是主动关系。故填mirrors。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $