选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2 SUCCESS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义全面覆盖词汇、短语、句式及语篇核心考点，按“基础词汇-拓展应用-真题语境”逻辑架构知识体系，通过分层过关测练、核心词汇专练、阅读猜词技巧指导等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破高频考点难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料创新融合词源猜义、熟词生义等思维训练方法，如通过“triathlete（三+运动员）”词源解析培养词汇推理能力，结合语篇串记和句式仿写提升语言表达精准性。设置基础巩固、能力提升分层练习，配合真题语料实战，有效提升学生语言能力和应试技巧，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．persistent 　　 adj.坚持的；执意的 2．astronaut n．宇航员 3．millionaire n．百万富翁 4．ultimate adj.最后的，最终的 5．furniture n．家具 6．hybrid adj.杂交的 n．杂交种，混合体 7．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度 8．publisher n．出版商 9．distraction n．使人分心的事物 10．strive 　　　　 vi.努力；奋斗 11．encyclopaedia n．百科全书 12．academic adj.学术的 13．element n．基本部分；要素 14．triathlete n．铁人三项运动员 15．rugby n．(英式)橄榄球 16．hammer n．榔头；锤子 17．bridal adj.婚礼的；新娘的 写作词汇 1．many injuries in his career在他的职业生涯中多次受伤 2．a symbol of success 成功的象征 3．the boys' dormitory/ dorm男生寝室 4．a major motivating factor主要动力因素 5．in the extreme west位于最西端 6．defensive measures 防御措施 7．an indoor workout program 室内锻炼计划 8．at the sacrifice of the environment以环境为代价 9．countless people 无数人 10．hire bikes for a day to explore the town租用一天自行车来游览这个小镇 11．an enormous amount of energy 巨大的能量 12．tell them apart 把他们区分开来 13．an amazing platform一个神奇的平台 14．an outstanding teacher 一名优秀的教师 15．a perfectly normal life 完全正常的生活 16．teaching style 教学方式 17．forwards and backwards 向前和向后 18．the roof collapsed under the weight of snow房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来 19．have great faith in you对你有信心 20．founded her own company early on in life早年创立了她自己的公司 21．a talented fashion designer一位才华横溢的时装设计师 22．the entrance to the museum/the museum entrance博物馆入口处 23．enjoy a high income享受高收入 拓展词汇 1． determined adj.　　 坚定的，坚决的 determine vi.& vt. 决心；决定 determination n. 决心；决定 2．optimistic adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的 optimist n. 乐观主义者 optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 3．committed adj.　　 坚定的；尽心尽力的 commit vt. 犯(罪或错等)；承诺 commitment n. 投入；忠诚，奉献；承诺 4．disciplined adj. 遵守纪律的 discipline vt. 处罚；自我控制 n. 纪律；风纪 5．enthusiastic adj.　　 热心的，热衷的 enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱 6．ambitious adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的 ambition n. 雄心；野心 7．appreciative adj. 感激的 appreciate vt. 欣赏；赏识 appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 8．injury n. 伤，损害 injure vt. 损害 injured adj. 受伤的 9．cooperation n. 合作，协作 cooperate vi. 合作，协作 cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的 10．employee n. 雇员 employ vt. 雇用 employer n. 雇主 employment n. 就业；工作；职业 11．comfortably adv. 舒服地，舒适地 comfort vt. 安慰 n. 舒适；安慰 comfortable adj. 舒服的，舒适的 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 12．professor n. 教授 profession n. 职业；行业 professional adj. 职业的，专业的 n. 专业人士 13．fortune n. 大笔的钱，巨款；运气 fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 14．hunger n. 饥饿，饥荒 vi. 渴望 hungry adj. 饥饿的 hungrily adv. 饥饿地 15．guilty adj. 内疚的，羞愧的 guilt n. 内疚，羞愧 16．influential adj. 有影响力的 influence n．& vt. 影响 17．devote vt. 把……奉献给；专心致力于 devotion n. 奉献；忠诚 devoted adj. 忠诚的；全心全意的 18．production n.　　　　 生产；产量 produce vt. 生产；产生 n. 农产品 producer n. 生产者；制造者；制片人 product n. 产品；制品 19．championship n. 冠军称号，冠军地位 champion n. 冠军 20．reject vt. 拒绝接受 rejection n. 拒绝；摒弃 21．limit n．& vt. 限制，限定 limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限制的；无限度的 22．convince vt. 使确信；说服 convincing adj. 令人信服的，有说服力的 convinced adj. 坚信的，确信的 23．selfish adj. 自私的，自私自利的 selfishness n. 自私 selfless adj. 无私的 24．length n. 长度 long adj. 长的 lengthen vi.& vt. 延长；伸长 25．recognised adj. 公认的；经过检验的 recognise vt. 认识；认出；辨别出；认可 recognition n. 认可；辨认 26．contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；促成；增进 contribution n. 捐献；促成 27．retire vi.& vt. 退休；退职 retired adj. 退休的 retirement n. 退休；退职 28．leadership n. 领导；领导地位 lead vi.& vt. 领导 leader n. 领导者；首领；指挥者 29．advanced adj. 先进的；高级的；晚期的 advance n．& vi.& vt. 前进；进步；发展 30．reference n. 推荐信；谈到，提及 refer vi. 谈到，提及 31．fashion n. 时尚 fashionable adj. 流行的 32．promotion n. 提升，晋升 promote vt. 提升，晋升 33．bitterly adv. 痛苦地；愤恨地；极其，非常 34．faith n. 相信；信任 faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 faithfully adv. 忠实地；忠诚地；如实地 教材外课标词汇 1．import /'ɪmpɔːt/ n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进 2．insurance /ɪn'ʃʊərəns/ n．保险；保险业 3．issue /'ɪʃuː/ n．重要议题；争论的问题 vt.宣布；公布 4．jaw /dʒɔː/ n．颌；下巴 5．kindergarten /'kɪndəɡɑːtn/ n．学前班；幼儿园 6．kit /kɪt/ n．成套工具；成套设备 7．lamb /læm/ n．羊羔肉；羔羊 8．leak /liːk/ vi.& vt.漏；渗漏；透露 n．漏洞；裂缝；透露 9．leather /'leðə(r)/ n．皮革 [pl.]皮衣；皮外套 10．license /'laɪsns/ vt.批准；许可 n．(＝licence) 许可证；执照 11．load /ləʊd/ n．负荷；装载量；工作量 vi.& vt.装(载) 12．luxury /'lʌkʃəri/ n．奢华 一词多义 1．ruin 　①vt.糟蹋；毁坏，毁掉；使破产 ②n.毁坏，毁灭；废墟 2．average ①adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的；一般的 ②n.平均水平；平均数 ③vt.平均为 3．label ①n.标签，标记 ②vt.贴标签于 4．boil ①vi.沸腾，煮沸；怒火中烧；异常气愤 ②vt.使沸腾，煮沸 熟词生义 1．contract [常见义]n.合同；契约→[生僻义]vt.与……订立合同(或契约)；(使)缩小，收缩 2．entry [常见义]n.条目；进入；加入→[生僻义]n.参赛作品 3．skip [常见义]vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走；不参加→[生僻义]vt.悄悄溜走；跳过，略过 4．iron [常见义]n.铁；熨斗→[生僻义]vt.熨，烫 词源猜义 1．persistent　 per(贯穿， 始终)＋sist (站立)＋ent(形容词词缀)→始终站立着的→引申为：adj.坚持不懈的；持续的 2．millionaire　 million (百万)＋aire(名词词缀)→拥有百万财富的人→引申为：n.百万富翁 3．minimum minim(最小)＋um(名词词缀)→最小的量→引申为：n.最小值；adj.最小的 4．academic　 academ (学术)＋ic(形容词词缀)→与学术相关的→引申为：adj.学术的；n.学者 5．triathlete　 tri(三)＋athlete(运动员)→参加三项全能运动的运动员→引申为：n.铁人三项运动员 6．dormitory　 dorm(睡眠)＋itory(名词词缀，指场所)→用于睡觉的地方→引申为：n.宿舍 7．sacrifice　 sacr(神圣)＋i＋fic (做)＋e(名词词尾)→为神圣的目的而做的事情→引申为：n.& vt.牺牲 8．enormous　 e(出)＋norm (规范)＋ous(形容词词缀)→超出规范的→引申为：adj.巨大的 9．outstanding　 out(外)＋stand (站立)＋ing(形容词词缀)→站在外面的→引申为：adj.杰出的；突出的 10．collapse　col(共同)＋laps (滑倒)＋e(动词词缀)→共同滑倒→引申为：vi.& n．倒塌；崩溃 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．turn one's back on... 不理会…… 2．be tired of 厌烦 3．be regarded as 被认为 4．a sense of success/achievement 成就感 5．get on 发迹；出人头地 6．stay in 待在家里 7．set sb/sth apart 使与众不同 8．retire from　　　 从……退休 9．devote...to... 致力于 10．give away ①泄露 ②失去 ③赠送 11．drop out ①退出，脱离 ②辍学 12．boil down to sth ①归结为 ②要点是 13．apply oneself to sth ①努力 ②专心致志于某事 14．make sense ①有意义 ②解释得通 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.(sb＋be＋adj.＋to do...) 2．What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.(what引导的主语从句) 3．Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas.(whenever 引导让步状语从句) 4．It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before.(强调句型) 5．Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.(not...but...) 6．I could have become angry or defensive.(could have done) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。 2．我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。 3．每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。 4．这是一种我以前从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感。 5．成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于你如何理解生命的真正意义。 6．我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　Tom，who is of average height，is a teacher who is optimistic，persistent，enthusiastic as well as committed to his job.When he was a student，he was ambitious and dreamed of becoming an astronaut.However，as he grew up，he was ultimately determined to become a teacher and devote himself to teaching，because he appreciated his teacher's commitment to the teaching career. Now，he is a volunteer teacher in a small village school，convincing more people to have faith in the power of education.Tom has been striving to achieve his goal, which is influential.Because of his effective teaching style, it is normal for students in the village school to be disciplined and not to drop out of school.All the villagers are appreciative of his devotion for their children's enormous academic progress. With reference to him，we can boil down to the conclusion that Tom is an outstanding and motivating teacher，applying himself to training more useful young people for our country without considering his income.He has contributed to many students' getting on in the future. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 汤姆，中等身高，是一位乐观、执着、热情、忠于职守的老师。当他还是学生的时候，他雄心勃勃，梦想成为一名宇航员。然而，随着年龄的增长，因为他欣赏老师对教学事业的投入，他最终决定成为一名教师，投身于教学事业。 现在，他是一个乡镇学校的志愿者教师，说服更多的人相信教育的力量。汤姆一直在努力实现他的目标，这是有影响力的。由于他卓有成效的教学风格，这所乡村学校的学生纪律严明，不辍学是很正常的。所有的村民都很感激他为孩子们学业上的巨大进步所付出的努力。 关于他，我们可以得出这样的结论：汤姆是一位杰出的、积极进取的教师，他不考虑收入，致力于为国家培养更多有用的年轻人。他为许多学生将来的出人头地做出了贡献。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．persistent　　 adj.坚持的；执意的 2．astronaut n．宇航员 3．millionaire n．百万富翁 4．ultimate adj.最后的，最终的 5．furniture n．家具 6．hybrid adj.杂交的 n．杂交种；混合体 7．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度 8．publisher n．出版商 9．contract n．合同；契约 10．distraction 　　 n．使人分心的事物 11．strive vi.努力；奋斗 12．encyclopaedia n．百科全书 13．academic adj.学术的 14．element n．基本部分；要素 15．triathlete n．铁人三项运动员 16．rugby n．(英式)橄榄球 17．iron n．铁；熨斗 18．hammer n．榔头；锤子 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．symbol　　　 n.象征，标志 2．dormitory n．寝室，学生宿舍 3．motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的 4．extreme n．极端 5．entry n．条目 6．skip vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 7．defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的 8．workout n．训练，锻炼 9．hire vt.租用 10．boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸 11．enormous 　　 adj.巨大的，庞大的 12．apart adj.& adv.分开；散开 13．platform n．舞台；月台 14．normal adj.正常的，平常的 15．income n．收入；收益 16．forwards adv.向前 17．collapse vi.突然倒下；倒塌 18．faith n．相信；信任 19．designer n．设计师，设计者 20．bitterly adv.痛苦地；愤恨地 21．label n．便签，标记 vt.贴标签于 Ⅱ.单词语境练 22．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It adopts a down­to­earth writing style (方式). 23．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, at the entrance (入口), was a cash machine. 24．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical，sustainable and fun way to explore the city，with its beautiful canals，parks，squares and countless (无数的) lights. 25．(2024·全国甲卷)The average (平均) distance traveled by high­speed trains in China has increased significantly over the past decade. 26．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm writing to invite you to attend “Talk and Talk”，an English program founded (创建) by our school broadcasting station. 27．She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career (职业)in fashion design. 28．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins (废墟). 29．More than forty outstanding (杰出的) young singers from eight countries have been chosen for this year's art festival. 30．To her sadness，her son was not grateful to her for all the sacrifices (牺牲) she had made. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．fashion n．时尚→fashionable adj.流行的 2．disciplined adj.遵守纪律的→discipline vt.处罚；自我控制 n．纪律；风纪 3．ambitious adj.有抱负的，有雄心的→ambition n．雄心；野心 4．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识→appreciation n．欣赏；感激 5．comfortably adv.舒服地，舒适地→comfort vt.安慰 n．舒适；安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的，舒适的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 6．professor n．教授→profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.职业的，专业的n.专业人士 7．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒 vi.渴望→hungry adj.饥饿的→hungrily adv.饥饿地 8．guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的→guilt n．内疚，羞愧 9．production n．生产；产量→produce vt.生产；产生n.农产品→producer n．生产者；制造者；制片人→product n．产品；制品 10．championship n．冠军称号，冠军地位→champion n．冠军 11．reject vt.拒绝接受→rejection n．拒绝；摒弃 12．selfish adj.自私的，自私自利的→selfishness n．自私→selfless adj.无私的 13．length n．长度→long adj.长的→lengthen vt.& vi.延长；伸长 14．recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的→recognise vt.认识；认出；辨别出；认可→recognition n．认可；辨认 15．retire vi.& vt.退休；退职→retired adj.退休的→retirement n．退休；退职 16．leadership n．领导；领导地位→lead vi.& vt.领导→leader n．领导者；首领；指挥者 Ⅱ.词族语境练 17．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference (refer) books close­by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). 18．Determined and patient，he determined to open a company in the region and it was with great determination that he could succeed.(determine) 19．Today I am as enthusiastic about my job as the first day and my enthusiasm enables me to treat my job enthusiastically．(enthusiastic) 20．Fortunately，he received a large fortune from his uncle who is warm­hearted and generous.(fortunate) 21．She is one of the most influential figures，who has a great influence on local politics.(influence) 22．Devoting all his life to educating his students，the old teacher was admired for his devotion to the education cause.(devote) 23．The writer personally contributed￡5，000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute) 24．Knowledge is limitless, but my memory limits me to remember only limited information.(limit) 25．Mr White got promoted yesterday and his colleagues held a party to celebrate his promotion．(promote) 26．My faithful friend has faith in me and he can faithfully support me at any time.(faith) 27．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employee before he came to work.(employ) 28．With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance．(advance) 29．She cooked up a convincing explanation，but the problem was that I was not convinced of her honesty.(convince) 30．The boy was injured in the match and a doctor rushed to deal with his injury．(injure) 31．I think we should cooperate with each other more closely and our cooperation will benefit us all.(cooperate) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．turn one's back on... 不理会…… 2．be tired of 厌烦 3．be regarded as 被认为 4．a sense of success/achievement 成就感 5．get on 发迹；出人头地 6．give away 泄露；失去；赠送 7．drop out 退出，脱离；辍学 第二组 8．boil down to sth 归结为；要点是 9．stay in 待在家里 10．apply oneself to sth 努力；专心致志于 某事 11．set sb/sth apart 使与众不同 12．retire from 从……退休 13．make sense 有意义；解释得通 14．devote...to... 致力于 15.The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down with a severe illness. 16．I'm sorry to learn that you intend to drop out for high stress. 17．Only when people have enough to eat and plenty to wear does it make sense to talk about environmental protection. 18．By the age of 25 she was completely burned out and retired from the sport. 19．If you are tired of wandering around the gym, you can attend a group fitness class. 20．Many people gave away much money to the poor after the earthquake in Gansu Province. 21．Staying in and taking some medicine is what the doctor strongly recommends me to do at present. 22．He was set apart because he suffered an infectious disease，so we couldn't pay a visit to him. 23．He has been applying himself to his work in the past few months and I believe that he will make it. 三、句式过关测 1．他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。(sb＋be＋adj.＋to do...) He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. 2．每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。(whenever 引导让步状语从句) Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas. 3．这是一种我以前从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感。(强调句型) It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before. 4．成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于你如何理解生命的真正意义。(not...but...) Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life. 5．我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。(could have done) I could have become angry or defensive. Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的[commit vt.做(错误或非法的)事；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；花(钱或时间)　commitment n．投入；忠诚；奉献；承诺] 【知识归纳】　 ◎be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 ◎commit oneself to do sth 承诺做某事 ◎commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于做某事 ◎make a commitment to (doing) sth 保证/承诺(做)某事 【写作语料】　 ◎be committed to doing scientific researches致力于做科学研究 ◎commit mistakes/a crime 犯错/罪 ◎commit an hour a day to reading English 每天花一个小时读英语 ◎commit ourselves to building a low­carbon campus 我们将致力于建设一个低碳的校园 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我再次感谢他令人难以置信的慷慨，并承诺尽快把钱还给他。 I thanked him again for his incredible generosity and made a commitment to repaying the money to him as soon as possible. ②这位敬业的老师致力于通过创新的教学方法帮助她的学生充分发挥他们的潜力。 →The dedicated teacher is committed to helping her students reach their full potential through innovative teaching methods. →The dedicated teacher commits herself to helping her students reach their full potential through innovative teaching methods. influential adj.有影响力的(influence n．& vt.影响) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be influential in 对……有影响 ◎be influenced by... 被……影响 ◎have a great influence on/upon 对……有很大的影响 ◎under the influence of sb/under sb's influence 在某人的影响下 【写作语料】　 ◎be influential in the field of science在科学领域有影响力 ◎have a profound and significant influence on my life 对我的人生产生了深远而重要的影响 ◎be influenced by TV advertisements被电视广告影响 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)高铁的发展对中国的交通运输系统产生了深远的影响，大大缩短了通行时间，改善了城市之间的连通性。 The development of high­speed trains has had a profound influence on China's transportation system, significantly reducing travel time and improving connectivity between cities. ②在我的物理老师的影响下，我对物理的兴趣越来越浓厚。换句话说，我的物理老师是我的榜样，对我有很大的影响。 Under my physics teacher's influence，I have grown increasingly interested in physics.In other words，my physics teacher is my role model，who has a great influence on/upon me． devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于(devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的　devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱) 【知识归纳】　 ◎devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给；把……专注于 ◎devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事 ◎be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 【写作语料】　 ◎devote all his energy to learning把全部精力用于学习 ◎be devoted to helping those in need致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①致力于培育杂交水稻，袁隆平全年都在稻田里工作。[应用文之人物介绍] Devoted to/ Devoting himself to breeding hybrid rice，Yuan Longping worked in the rice field all the year round.(分词作状语) ②(2022·浙江1月卷)我决定全身心投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则研发科学模型。 I decided to devote myself to working on the subjects，while he developed the scientific model. ③(2024·新高考卷)我花了很多时间去捕捉颜色和倒影，结果让我很满意。 I devoted a lot of time to capturing the colors and reflections, and I was quite pleased with the result. convince vt.使确信；说服(convinced adj.确信的；坚信的　convincing adj.令人信服的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事 ◎convince sb that... 使某人相信…… ◎convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 ◎be convinced (that...)/of... 某人坚信…… 【写作语料】　 ◎convince me to take part in the writing contest说服我参加写作比赛 ◎be entirely convinced of his ability完全相信他的能力 ◎from his convincing words从他令人信服的话语 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。[读后续写之主旨升华] I'm firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society. ②(2024·新高考卷)我希望能说服我的同学们将来和我一起参加更多的户外绘画课程。 I hope to convince my classmates to join me for more outdoor painting sessions in the future. ③(2022·浙江1月卷)我深信我们的项目会得到老师们的高度评价。 I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers. recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的(recognise vt.认出；辨认出；认识；认可　recognition n．认出；承认；认可；识别) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be recognised as/to be... 被公认为…… ◎It is recognised that... 人们公认…… ◎beyond/out of recognition 认不出来 【写作语料】　 ◎earn my teammate's recognition赢得了队友的认可 ◎be recognised as one of the most influential women被公认为最有影响力的女性之一 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)人们普遍认为，跳绳可以加速燃烧卡路里，使它成为希望保持健康的学生的一个很好的选择。 It is widely recognised that rope skipping can burn calories quickly, making it a great choice for students looking to stay fit. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)人们公认英语口语训练是学习英语的一种有效方法。 →Practising oral English is universally recognised as/to be an effective way to learn English． →It is universally recognised that practising oral English is an effective way to learn English.(it作形式主语) make sense 有意义；解释得通 【知识归纳】　 ◎make sense of 理解；明白 ◎It makes (no) sense to do sth 做某事(没)有道理/意义 ◎in a sense 从某种意义上说 ◎in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子主谓部分倒装) ◎There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没道理/意义 【写作语料】　 ◎make sense of what he said 弄懂他说什么 【语境运用】　完成句子/词汇升级 ①“对已发生的事情感到后悔是毫无意义的。让我们再试一次。”父亲说。 “There is no sense in regretting what has happened．Let's try again，”said the father. ②With the guidance of my grandfather, not only did I understand some complicated characters, but more importantly, I became more patient and focused. →With the guidance of my grandfather, not only did I make sense of some complicated characters, but more importantly, I became more patient and focused. set sb/sth apart 使与众不同 【知识归纳】　 ◎fall apart 分裂；崩溃 ◎tell...apart 区分开…… ◎take...apart 将……拆开；拆分 【写作语料】　 His enthusiastic and optimistic personalities can set him apart from those around him. 他热情乐观的性格让他与众不同。 【语境运用】　用apart短语的适当形式填空 ①Her clear and elegant prose sets her apart from most other journalists. ②Many people fall apart under pressure，while a few people do well despite the pressure. ③Rod loves taking some devices apart．However，he never manages to put them together again. ④You can tell my twin brother and me apart by this mark on my face. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．ruin A．vt.毁掉；毁坏 B．n.毁坏；毁灭 C．n.废墟 ①It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection，for that would，indeed，ruin the pleasure of reading，discussing，and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. A ②When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. C ③The city was reduced to a state of ruin by the war. B 2．average A．adj.一般的　B．n.平均数　C．vt.平均为　D．adj.平均的 ①(2022·浙江1月卷)For the study，191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak cardiovascular (与心血管相关的) capacity. D ②Humour makes average­looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. A ③(2021·浙江6月卷)Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens. B ④Drivers in London can expect to average about 12 miles per hour. C 3．advanced A．adj.先进的　B．adj.高等的；高级的　C．adj.(发展)晚期的；后期的 ①There are only three of us on the advanced course. B ②The disease is too far advanced to be treated. C ③The ancient Egyptians have advanced civilization. A 4．skip A．vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走　B．vt.不做(应做的事)；不参加　C．vi.& vt.跳过，略过　D．vt.悄悄溜走 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)Two hard workout days every week is enough.If you really hate to skip a day，you can plan easy exercises on other days. C ②The enemy leader skipped the country shortly after the explosion. D ③Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast，meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). B ④She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news. A 巧借前缀co­推测词义 前缀co­：和……一起，共同 本单元：co­(共同，一起)＋词根oper(工作，操作)＋­ation(表示某种行为或状态)→共同工作，联合行动→cooperation n．合作，协作 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.n.同事 2．Individuals who are self­employed or working for different employers can share ideas with tools and coordinated meetings through a computer network.adj.协调一致的 3．Despite their differing beliefs and backgrounds, the two communities managed to coexist peacefully, demonstrating that diversity can lead to a richer, more vibrant society.vi.共存 4．Jane, a cofounder of the startup, played a crucial role in shaping the company's vision and strategy from its inception.n.共同创办人 5．The success of the project relied heavily on the cohesion among team members, as their ability to work together effectively led to innovative solutions.n.凝聚性 6．The authorities were criticized for attempting to coerce citizens into compliance with the new regulations, raising concerns about individual freedoms and rights.vt.强迫 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：not...but...不是……而是…… 【教材原句】　Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.成功与否不在于你有多少金钱，而在于你如何理解生命的真正意义。 【知识归纳】 not...but...连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数采用就近原则。 有类似用法的还有：not only...but also...，either...or...，neither...nor... 【写作佳句】　 ①It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. 重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中所反映的东西。 ②What sets him apart from others is not his appearance but his qualities. 使他与众不同的不是他的外表，而是他的品质。 ③Not only various learning materials beyond classes but also basic knowledge of each subject is provided in these courses. 这些课程不仅提供课堂以外的各种学习材料，而且还提供各学科的基础知识。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①他的儿子不用功学习英语，而是逃课，这使他非常生气。 His son is not applying himself to studying English but skipping classes，which makes him boil with anger. ②一个小小的善行，不管对接受者还是施予者，都是一份祝福。[读后续写之主旨升华] One simple act of kindness is a blessing for not only the receiver but also the giver． ③我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。 I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．Not the host but the guests were (be) to blame for the quarrel yesterday. 2．A couple of weeks ago he was not enthusiastic about his present position，but now he is active. 3．From the bottom of my heart I appreciated getting (get) your incredible suggestions on how to handle my emotional problem. 4．Modern women are energetic，ambitious (ambition), and most of all, persistent in pursuit of their goals. 5．As is known to us, Qi Baishi was one of the most influential (influence) artists in the history of Chinese painting. 6．Chasing stimulation online is recognised to be (be) bad for your academic life. 7．He fought the illness with courage and determination (determine). 8．The captain recovered from his injuries (injure) to his arms and legs soon with the help of skilled doctors and nurses. 9．Dressed in fashionable (fashion) clothes, she looks totally different, like a movie star. 10．Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped (skip) breakfast than when they had eaten. 11．Your essay is limited (limit) to 800 words and you are supposed to hand it in before the deadline of Oct.10. 12．The organization contributed a million yuan to the disaster area，which earned it a good reputation. 13．If you devote yourself to the demanding job，you are sure to make it. 14．I have convinced him of the fact that associating with people will make you optimistic about life. 15．The constant rain caused serious flood，which，in turn，left many houses lying in ruins (ruin). Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．(2023·全国甲卷)And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no label on it.n.标签 2．(全国甲卷)Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.n.参赛作品 3．(2023·全国甲卷)The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates，see like Thoreau，listen like Schopenhauer，and have no regrets like Nietzsche.n.阅读，读书 4．For those who hunger for some peace and quiet，sound can now create silence.vi.渴望 5．Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful.adv.极其，非常 6．Tom didn't iron his shirt yesterday.vt.熨烫 7．Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.vt.约束 8．Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.n.(地区或地方的)境界，界限，范围 9．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Visit during off­peak times. ◎off“离开”＋peak“高峰”→off­peak adj.淡季的，非高峰期的 10．(2024·全国甲卷)The Saint Lukas is one of five government­sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern RussiA． ◎government“政府”＋sponsor“资助”＋­ed→government­sponsored adj.由政府资助的 (一)应用文写作 [告知信——回复近况] 假定你是李华，你很高兴收到你的朋友Mike的来信，信上说他想知道你现在正在做什么，现在请你写一封告知信，回复你的近况。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：介绍写信的目的 1．我很高兴收到你的来信，信上说你想了解我的近况。(sb＋be＋adj.＋to do...) I'm very delighted to receive your letter, which says you want to know how I am doing. 第二段：说明你现在正在做的事情 2．一场题为“成功”的英语演讲比赛即将在我们学校举行，这些天我正忙着准备比赛。(be busy doing sth) An English speech contest titled “Success”is going to be held in our school, and I'm busy preparing for the contest these days. 3．我的英语老师说，最重要的不是赢得冠军称号，而是参与。(not...but...) My English teacher says what matters most is not winning a championship but participation. 4．每当我站在演讲台上时，我都会紧张。(whenever引导时间状语从句) I become nervous whenever I stand on the platform. 5．我将会在这个暑假做一名志愿者为即将在我们城市举办的机器人设计大赛服务。(spend time doing sth) I will spend the holiday volunteering in the Robot Design Competition to be held in our city. 第三段：表达愿望和期望 6．你近期过得怎么样？期待着收到你的回复。 How have you been recently？Looking forward to your reply. [构建语义场——个人成长] ①relief/relaxation放松 ②grateful/appreciative感激的 ③eagerly/desperately渴望地 ④carry on/go ahead继续 ⑤focus on /concentrate on集中注意力于 ⑥pay off有回报 ⑦put in the effort 付出努力 ⑧develop a strategy 制定策略 ⑨create an action plan 制定行动计划 ⑩celebrate achievements 庆祝成就 ⑪seek improvement 寻求改进 ⑫adapt to changes 适应变化 ⑬overcome challenges 克服挑战 ⑭achieve success 取得成功 ⑮offer rewards 提供奖励 ⑯prepare for the contest准备比赛 ⑰win a prize赢得奖品 ⑱stand on the platform站在演讲台上 ⑲set a goal设定目标 ⑳an ambitious plan雄心勃勃的计划 ㉑make a commitment 做出承诺 (二)读后续写 [成功话题＋情感描写之后悔、内疚与自责] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [动作描写]　reject；devote；drop out；convince；strive；ruin；skip；retire from；collapse；label；get on；limit；hire；stay in；set sb/sth apart [人物描写]　persistent；determined；optimistic；committed；enthusiastic；ambitious；appreciative；career；cooperation；comfortably；appreciate；hunger；motivating；defensive；injured；influential；selfish；outstanding；average；recognised；faith；discipline；guilty 佳句 1．This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.(情感描写) 2．But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life.(结尾升华句) 3．Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.(结尾升华句) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 regret v．& n．懊悔，惋惜→regretful adj.后悔的，遗憾的　guilt n．内疚→guilty adj.内疚的→guiltily adv.内疚地　drown in feelings of guilt 沉浸在内疚感之中　with a guilty look on one's face 脸上露出惭愧的表情　to one's great regret/much to one's regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 佳句 1．I stood there，with regretful tears in my eyes.(with复合结构) 我站在那里，眼里含着遗憾的泪水。 2．On hearing the bad news，she felt extremely guilty.(on doing...) 听到这个坏消息，她感到非常内疚。 3．Desperate and helpless，Janet knelt down，tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.(形容词短语作状语；独立主格)绝望而无助，珍妮特跪了下来，后悔的泪水顺着面颊流了下来。 4．With guilt and regret flowing in my mind，I rose to my feet，rushed out and apologised to her.(with复合结构；动作链)我心里充满了内疚和悔恨，我站起来，冲出去向她道歉。 5．Drowning in feelings of guilt，he was at a loss，not knowing what to do next.(现在分词短语作状语)沉浸在内疚感中，他不知所措，不知道下一步该怎么办。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　绝望而无助，我瘫倒在地，悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。由于拒绝了热情乐观的班长的建议，我在期末考试中失败了。沉浸在内疚感中，我不知所措，不知道下一步该怎么办。就在那个时候，我的班长走过来对我说：“只要你坚定自己的目标，我深信你迟早会成功的。”脸上带着愧疚的神情，我喃喃地说：“我会坚持不懈、意志坚定，直到成功。我真诚地感谢你慷慨相助。” 　　Desperate and helpless，I collapsed in a heap on the ground，①tears of regret streaming down my cheeks (独立主格).Having rejected my enthusiastic and optimistic monitor's suggestions，I failed the end­of­term examination.②Drowning in feelings of guilt (现在分词短语作状语)，I was at a loss，not knowing what to do next.It was at that time that my monitor approached me，saying，“As long as ③you are committed/devoted to your goal，I am greatly convinced that you can make it sooner or later.”④With a guilty look on my face (with复合结构)，I murmured，“I will be persistent and determined until I succeed.I am sincerely appreciative of your generous help.” A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·武汉市部分学校高三年级调研考试)Here is a selection of the world's most unusual buildings that define a place through inventive ways of adapting to local environments. The floating homes of Lake Titicaca More than 500 years ago, the growing Inca Empire began to occupy the Uros' mainland villages.To resist this threat, the Uros began to build the floating islands with the water­resistant plant called totora, which grows in the lake and is the lifeblood of the Uros community. The perfect desert town: Ghadames Ghadames is an impressive example of environmental planning.Thick walls trap the sun's heat during the day, and radiate that heat back to the sky at night.By morning, the walls have cooled again.Skillful use of available building materials achieves the maximum comfort with minimal means. Spain's fairy­tale houses Known as pallozas, the round houses are built from just a handful of materials: stone, wood and dry grass.Thick stone walls depending on what was available in the area block the cold and conserve internal heat.Inside, the palloza's fireplaces are essential for maintaining a constant temperature, making it energy­efficient. The Himalayas' ancient design The structures in Himachal Pradesh were built by an ancient technique known as kath kuni.Wood and stones create a fantastic balance.The wooden frames(框架) lessen the stress on the openings during an earthquake.Thick stones hold the whole building firmly in place.Above all, pieces of wood interlock together, which makes the structures remarkably flexible, allowing walls to move in case of an earthquake. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了四个通过创新方式适应当地环境的特色建筑。 1．Which structure was built for defending residents against attackers? A．The kath kuni structure. B．The floating structure. C．The Ghadames structure. D．The palloza's structure. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the growing Inca Empire began to occupy the Uros' mainland villages.To resist this threat, the Uros began to build the floating islands”可知，为了抵抗印加帝国的威胁，乌鲁斯人开始建造浮动岛屿。故选B。题干中的“defending residents against the attackers”与文中的“To resist this threat”是同义转换。] 2．What do the houses in Ghadames and pallozas have in common? A．They are sustainable. B．They maximize internal heat. C．They are built for luxury living. D．They're made of special materials. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句“Skillful use of available building materials achieves the maximum comfort with minimal means”可知，Ghadames的房屋的建筑材料的巧妙使用实现了用最少的费用达到最大的舒适度。根据第四段中的最后一句“Inside, the palloza's fireplaces are essential for maintaining a constant temperature, making it energy­efficient”可知，palloza房屋内的壁炉对保持恒温必不可少，还使得住所节省能源。所以两种建筑都利用了可持续的方法来提高舒适度。故选A。sustainable“可持续的”是对“achieves the maximum comfort with minimal means”和“energy­efficient”的同义转换和概括。] 3．What makes kath kuni structures earthquake­resistant? A．The stone frames. B．The narrow openings. C．The flexible wood. D．An interlocking system. D　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Above all, pieces of wood interlock together, which makes the structures remarkably flexible, allowing walls to move in case of an earthquake”可知，木材联锁的系统使得结构具有显著的灵活性，允许墙壁在地震时移动，从而提高了抗震能力。故选D。题干中的“earthquake­resistant”与原文中的“allowing walls to move in case of an earthquake”是同义转换。] B (2024·湖北省2025届高三起点考试)Bianca Mavrick's first attempt in the jewellery world was as an enterprising(有创业精神的)10­year­old, selling seashell earrings at the Cleveland Markets. Now the 28­year­old has her own studio in Moorooka, in Brisbane's south, and her handmade designs enjoy worldwide popularity among fans.“It's amazing to be selling internationally.When you do a creative business, you're going to have to work hard and it will take a few years to get off the ground, but it's really growing fast now，”she says. Bianca opened her online store in 2014.Production happens in her studio, with help from one staff member and sometimes her grandmA．“My grandma enjoys sitting with the girls.She acts as a kind of quality controller and helps with packing and putting bar codes (条形码) on things，”Bianca says.Bianca laughs as she recalls looking through her grandma's pile of costume jewellery as a child.“She had an amazing collection and I was allowed to have some of the broken pieces and fix them up to sell alongside the shell earrings on my stand，”she says.“Mum and Dad opened an account for me and put the profits away.Even then I knew I wanted to work with jewellery.All of my hobbies always related back to my jewellery.I'm always looking for inspiration, whether I'm visiting an art gallery or looking at furniture for my apartment.” Next month Bianca will join other talented Queensland artists and designers to show her creations at the MAYO Arts Festival, named after well­known Australian sculptor Daphne Mayo.“It's really exciting to be a part of it，”she says.“It will enable me to meet my clients, too, which is always great because having an online store I can't normally get to do that.My clients love the unique nature of my designs, as well as the fact that they are handmade, not mass­produced.” [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了珠宝设计师Bianca Mavrick 创业成功的故事。 4．What does Bianca think of her business? A．It had a terrible start. B．It is expanding rapidly. C．It leaves a lot to be desired. D．It aims at foreign clients. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段Bianca说的话可知，Bianca工作室的产品在全球销售，虽然刚开始时，她必须努力工作，且花费了好几年才取得进展，但是工作室现在成长很快。由此可知，Bianca认为她的生意正在迅速扩张，故选B。B项中的“expanding rapidly”和文中的“growing fast”是同义转换。] 5．What does Bianca's grandma do in her studio? A．She designs the bar codes. B．She acts as a spokeswoman. C．She monitors product quality. D．She helps with sales promotion. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“She acts as a kind of quality controller and helps with packing and putting bar codes (条形码) on things”可知，Bianca的奶奶主要负责产品质量把关和帮助打包及贴条形码，故选C。C项中的“monitors product quality”与文中的“quality controller”是同义转换。] 6．What made Bianca devoted to jewellery? A．The childhood hobbies and collection. B．The family's influence and support. C．The handsome profits in the industry. D．The inspiration from her surroundings. B　[推理判断题。第三段讲了Bianca的奶奶对其事业上的支持，以及童年时，她翻看奶奶成堆的人造珠宝饰物，并被允许修复其中的一些碎片，将它们和贝壳耳环一起出售的经历。此外，第三段还描述了Bianca的父母为她开了一个账户，把赚到的钱存起来。由此可推知，Bianca家人的影响和支持促使她致力于珠宝行业。故选B。] 7．Why is Bianca excited to attend the festival? A．Her unique designs are likely to become a hit. B．Many of her works will be created on the spot. C．The festival is to be held by a famous sculptor. D．She can communicate with her clients in person. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“It will enable me to meet my clients...because having an online store I can't normally get to do that”可知，参加艺术节可以让Bianca见到客户，这是一件很令人兴奋的事情，因为正常情况下，这是开网店做不到的。故选D。] C (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)When my editors asked me to report on forest bathing, I packed a swimsuit.I assumed it must involve getting in the water.It turns out, my interpretation was too literal. I met certified forest therapy(治疗)guide Melanie Choukas­Bradley in an urban forest in Washington, D．C.Here, I began to get it.Forest bathing isn't a bath or a hike.We did walk the forest trails, but we wandered with no particular destination in mind. The aim of forest bathing, Choukas­Bradley explained, is to slow down and throw oneself in the natural environment.She helped us be aware of the smells, tastes and sights of the forest.We took in our surroundings by using all our senses.As we passed through a stand of trees, we touched the trunks.We smelled the black walnuts, which give off a lovely fragrance(香气).We got a little shower of ripe mulberries, too.“Close your eyes and just breathe，”Choukas­Bradley told us.After I opened my eyes, the green looked a lot greener.And I began to see things I hadn't noticed before. “A forest guide helps us be here, not there，”says Amos Clifford, the founder of the Association of Nature and Forest Therapy, the organization that certifies the guides.They support what the forests could offer us, inviting us into practices that deepen physical presence, pleasure, and partnership with nature.When we connect with nature in this way, we are connecting with ourselves. Clifford's goal is to encourage health care providers to integrate forest therapy as a stress­reduction strategy.In the United States, work­related stress accounts for up to $190 billion in health care costs each year.“It's my hope that the health care system will include forest therapy into the range of services，”Clifford says. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了森林浴疗法，即在专业的森林疗养师的指导下，用心感受自然，从而减轻压力，从中获益。 8．What is forest bathing? A．A hike up the mountain. B．An adventure in the woods. C．A swim in open water. D．A guided nature healing practice. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Forest bathing isn't a bath or a hike.We did walk the forest trails, but we wandered with no particular destination in mind”可知，森林浴不是洗澡，也不是远足，是人们在森林小路上漫无目的地散步。第三段谈到作者他们在森林疗养师Choukas­Bradley的帮助下全身心感受自然。第五段谈到将森林疗法作为一种减轻压力的策略。由此可知，森林浴是一次有指导的自然疗愈实践。故选D。] 9．How can we benefit from forest bathing? A．By improving our awareness. B．By doing intense training. C．By experiencing nature mindfully. D．By carrying out eyesight tests. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，森林浴的目的是放慢速度，让人们沉浸在自然环境中，作者他们运用触觉、嗅觉、视觉等所有感官来感知周围的自然环境，从森林浴中获益。由此可知，人们通过用心感受自然从森林浴中获益。故选C。] 10．What can a guide help forest bathers do? A．Locate and pick ripe fruits. B．Put exercise plans into action. C．Identify different trees and birds. D．Concentrate on the surrounding nature. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“She helped us be aware of the smells, tastes and sights of the forest.We took in our surroundings by using all our senses”可知，森林疗养师帮助作者他们了解森林的气味、味道和景象，使之运用所有的感官来感知周围的环境。根据第四段的“They support what the forests could offer us, inviting us into practices that deepen physical presence, pleasure, and partnership with nature”可知，森林疗养师支持森林可以给人们提供的东西，邀请人们进入实践，加深身体感知、快乐、与自然的伙伴关系。由此可知，森林疗养师帮助森林沐浴者专注于周围的自然环境。故选D。] 11．What can we learn from Clifford's words in the last paragraph? A．The health care system needs updating. B．Nature­based therapy costs too much. C．Stress­related diseases are commonly seen. D．Forest therapy could be an alternative treatment. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段Clifford的话“It's my hope that the health care system will include forest therapy into the range of services”可知，Clifford 希望医疗保健系统将森林疗法纳入服务范围。再结合最后一段的“Clifford's goal is to encourage health care providers to integrate forest therapy as a stress­reduction strategy”可知，Clifford的目标是鼓励医疗保健提供者将森林疗法作为一种减压策略。由此可知，Clifford认为森林疗法可以成为另一种缓解压力的治疗方法。故选D。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)We are all creatures of habit.We tend to wake up at the same time each day, brush our teeth, have morning coffee and travel to work, following the same patterns every day.1( ) Behavioral scientists who study habit formation say that many of us try to create healthy habits in the wrong way.2( )Here are two tips, backed by research, for forming new healthy habits. 3( )For many of us, our morning routine is the strongest, so that's a great opportunity to build a new habit.While brushing your teeth, you might stand on one foot to practice balance.Many of us fall into end­of­the­day patterns as well.Do you tend to sink into the sofa after work and turn on the TV? That might be a good time to do a single daily yoga pose. 4( ) Wendy Wood，a research psychologist, calls the forces that get in the way of good habits “friction”．In one study, researchers changed the turning of lift doors so that workers had to wait nearly half a minute for the doors to close.5( )Many people are therefore convinced that taking the stairs was easier than waiting for the lift.It shows how sensitive we are to small friction in our environment.Just slowing down the lift got people to take the stairs, and they stuck with it even after the lift went back to normal timing. A．It was just enough of a delay. B．Why do we stop doing what's good for us? C．But why is it so hard to form new healthy habits? D．We probably form new habits when we clear away the barriers. E．The better way to form a new habit is to tie it to an existing habit. F．It explains why friction prevents the progress of forming good habits. G．For example, we set big goals to lose weight without taking proper steps. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章分析了为什么人们很难形成新的健康习惯并列举了养成新的健康习惯的建议。 1．C　[上文讲我们都是墨守成规的人，倾向于每天在同一时间起床、刷牙、早晨喝咖啡、上班，每天都遵循同样的模式。下文主要介绍了养成新的健康习惯的建议。C项“但是为什么养成新的健康习惯这么难呢？”引出下文的养成新的健康习惯这一话题。] 2．G　[空前的“many of us try to create healthy habits in the wrong way”讲我们中的许多人试图以错误的方式养成健康的习惯，故空处应该涉及错误的做法，G项“例如，我们设定了减肥的大目标，却没有采取适当的步骤”举例说明了人们的错误做法。] 3．E　[空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句，是作者提出的养成新的健康习惯的第一条建议。空后讲早上的例行活动是最有力的，所以这是一个建立新习惯的好机会，刷牙的时候，人们可以单脚站立来练习平衡，下班后，人们也可以利用窝在沙发上看电视的时间来做一个瑜伽姿势。由此可知，E项“形成一个新习惯的更好的方法是把它和现有的习惯联系起来”最能概括本段的主旨。] 4．D　[空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句，也是作者提出的养成新的健康习惯的第二条建议。空后讲心理学家Wendy Wood 将妨碍养成好习惯的力量称为“摩擦”，接着介绍了一个研究中的实验，即研究人员通过改变电梯门的转动方式，放慢电梯的关门速度，促使人们养成走楼梯的新习惯。D项“当我们清除障碍时，我们可能会养成新的习惯”最能概括本段的主旨。D项中的barriers与下文的friction呼应。] 5．A　[空前讲在一项研究中，研究人员改变了电梯门的转动方式，工人不得不等近半分钟才能关上电梯门，A项“只是稍微耽搁了一下”对这一行为做进一步的分析，承接上文，且与空后的“因此，许多人相信走楼梯比等电梯更容易”衔接紧密，故选A。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·贵阳市高三年级摸底考试)Orangutans (红毛猩猩) are known for an impressive skill of engineering：They carefully weave an intricate nest from branches in the forest canopy (树冠) daily for cozy nights and shady midday naps. Some nests，particularly those made by older and more experienced orangutans，have pillows，blankets，and sometimes even a roof made by broad leaves—and all must be well protected and strong enough to hold 100­plus pounds of the sleeping gorillA． Now a study published in Animal Behavior reveals that young orangutans perfectly complete this vital task in seven years.“The fact that it takes them so long to acquire this skill shows us that it's much more complex than we realized before，”says the study's lead author Andrea Permana，a primatologist (灵长类动物学家) at the University of Warwick in England. To understand this behavior，researchers followed 45 orangutans at Indonesia's Gunung Leuser National Park for 13 years.Permana found that orangutans begin to show interest in nest building as young as six months.These young orangutans practice the task daily during their youth，watching their mothers to learn building techniques.As they get older，their strength and skillfulness improve，letting them more successfully make branches into the structure.Researchers have seen orangutans build their first functional night nests at three years old，but they still tend to sleep alongside their mothers until about age seven. These nests offer more than just cover from tigers and other predators；sleep itself is a crucial resource as well.All great apes (类人猿) construct nests to some degree，and studies show that orangutans sleep deeper and longer than non­nest­building primates.This sound sleep may tell us how nests played a part in our own ancestors' brain evolution because human ancestors and orangutan ancestors both developed nest building.Permana says：“The more rested you are，the more innovative you can be.Maybe you're more curious, your memory is better，and you can solve problems better.The knock­on effects of that on the success of our ancestors is pretty undoubtable.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了红毛猩猩擅长用树枝搭建复杂的巢穴，这些巢穴不仅仅是它们的庇护所，也让它们睡得更好。 1．What can we know about the nests built by more experienced orangutans? A．They do not have roofs. B．They are made of broad leaves. C．They are relatively well­equipped. D．They can hold more than 100 gorillas. C　[细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位在第二段。第二段讲一些巢穴，特别是那些年龄较大、经验更丰富的红毛猩猩搭建的巢穴，有枕头、毯子，有时甚至有一个由宽树叶做成的屋顶。由此可知，经验更丰富的红毛猩猩搭建的巢穴更加完备，故选C项。] 2．What can we learn about young orangutans? A．They are required to build nests. B．They begin building nests at six months. C．They imitate their moms to build nests. D．They sleep with their moms until three. C　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“orangutans begin to show interest in nest building as young as six months...watching their mothers to learn building techniques...letting them more successfully make branches into the structure”可知，红毛猩猩在六个月大的时候就开始展现对巢穴搭建的兴趣。小的红毛猩猩在幼年时每天都会练习搭建巢穴，看着它们的妈妈学习搭建技巧。随着年龄的增长，它们的力量和技巧会提高，这使得它们可以更成功地将树枝搭建成巢穴。由此可推知，幼小的红毛猩猩是模仿妈妈来学习搭建巢穴的，故选C项。] 3．What can be inferred from Permana's words? A．Ancestors benefit a lot from sleeping well. B．Humans can be curious about nest building. C．Innovation can make people solve problems. D．People consider nest building as a complex skill. A　[推理判断题。第五段中Permana说“你休息得越好，你就越有创造力。也许你更好奇，你的记忆力更好，你就能更好地解决问题。我们祖先在这方面成功的连锁反应是毋庸置疑的”。由此可推知，祖先因睡得好而获益良多。故选A项。B项“人类可能对巢穴搭建很好奇”；C项“创新可以让人们解决问题”；D项“人们认为巢穴搭建是一项复杂的技能”。] 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Great Apes：Ancestor of Nest Building B．Improved sleep：Benefit of Nest Building C．Smart Orangutans：Master of Nest Building D．Technical Progress：Evolution of Nest Building C　[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍红毛猩猩善于搭建复杂的巢穴。A项“类人猿：筑巢的祖先”；B项“改善睡眠：筑巢的好处”；C项“聪明的红毛猩猩：筑巢大师”；D项“技术进步：筑巢的发展”。故选C项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试)Bunny Shaw collects all the old football boots her Manchester City teammates don't want.As Jamaica's top goal scorer, she can easily 1 any boots she wants, but she knows that many young Jamaicans don't have money, so whenever she goes back, she 2 those top­quality secondhand boots as 3 in local female football competitions. Born in 1997 in Spanish Town, Khadija Shaw was the youngest of 13 children.One of her older brothers used “Bunny”as her 4 ．She loved watching him play football on the street.“A lot of people would gather and 5 on who was going to win，”Shaw 6 ．“I thought, I wanted to be a part of that！”So she 7 them. Her parents weren't 8 ，who valued their kids' education very much.Her mother in particular thought football was a 9 of time.In Jamaica there were no women's teams.“But I wanted to play football，”said Shaw, who dreamed of competing in the sport's greatest 10 ．So she'd play while her mother was out until she was 11 at age 14 for the Jamaica Under 15s football team.Her father 12 Bunny's mother that it would be a valuable experience for their daughter. Bunny Shaw was on her way.She made the national team in 2015.When the Jamaican national team 13 for the 2019 Women's World Cup after beating Panama, Shaw's 14 was realized.“When I 15 where I was then and where I am now, I'm proud of myself，”says Jamaica's top goal scorer. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。Khadija Shaw从小就喜欢足球，她不顾父母的反对，坚持踢足球，最终在2015年进入牙买加国家队，后又参加2019年女足世界杯。此外，她每次比赛完都会收集高质量的二手足球鞋赠送给那些没有钱购买球鞋的牙买加年轻人。 1． A．share B．afford C．exchange D．command B　[根据上文的“As Jamaica's top goal scorer”可知，Shaw是牙买加的头号得分手；再结合下文的“but she knows that many young Jamaicans don't have money”(但她知道很多牙买加年轻人没有钱)可知，此处与下文形成转折关系，表示Shaw 可以轻松地买得起(afford)任何她想要的球鞋。exchange“交换，互换”；command“命令，应得，控制”。] 2． A．sells B．buys C．requires D．presents D　[上文写到Shaw收集所有她的曼城队友不想要的旧足球鞋，而且她知道很多牙买加年轻人没有钱买得起球鞋，所以每当她回牙买加时，她都会把那些高质量的二手球鞋作为当地女子足球比赛的奖品赠送(presents)出去。require“需要”。] 3． A．medals B．prizes C．punishments D．challenges B　[参见上题解析。medal“奖牌”；prize“奖品”；punishment “惩罚”；challenge“挑战”。] 4． A．nickname B．title C．honor D．gift A　[根据上文的“Khadija Shaw was the youngest of 13 children”可知，Shaw是家里13个孩子中最小的，她的其中一个哥哥给她起个昵称(nickname)叫“Bunny”。title“头衔，称谓”；honor“荣誉，名誉”。] 5． A．decided B．called C．bet D．insisted C　[此处表示很多人会聚集在一起，赌(bet)谁会赢。insist“坚决要求，坚持”。] 6． A．recalls B．confirms C．admits D．declares A　[Shaw话中的时态为过去时，描述的是过去发生的事情，故此处表示Shaw回忆道(recalls)。confirm“确证，证实，证明”；admit“承认”；declare“宣布，声明”。] 7． A．rejected B．praised C．joined D．admired C　[根据上文的“I thought, I wanted to be a part of that！”可知，Shaw想成为他们中的一员，所以她加入(joined)了他们。reject“拒绝接受”；praise“赞扬，称赞”；admire “敬佩，钦佩”。] 8． A．disappointed B．annoyed C．concerned D．delighted D　[根据下文的“who valued their kids' education very much”和“she'd play while her mother was out”可知，Shaw的父母十分重视孩子的教育，对她踢足球这件事感到不高兴。故选D。disappointed“失望的”；annoyed“烦恼的，生气的”；concerned“担心的，忧虑的”；delighted“高兴的”。] 9． A．waste B．matter C．lack D．sign A　[根据上文的“who valued their kids' education very much”和下文的“In Jamaica there were no women's teams”“she'd play while her mother was out”可推知，当时牙买加并没有女子足球队，Shaw的妈妈也不支持她踢足球，认为踢足球是浪费时间。故选A。] 10．A．ceremony B．tournament C．gym D．practice B　[根据上文的“I wanted to play football”可知，Shaw想踢足球，梦想着参加最伟大的锦标赛(tournament)。ceremony“典礼，仪式”；gym“体育馆”。] 11．A．removed B．adopted C．selected D．appreciated C　[根据空后的“for the Jamaica Under 15s football team”可知，Shaw在妈妈外出不在的时候打球，直到14岁被选入(selected)牙买加15岁以下青年足球队。remove“开除”；adopt“收养，领养”；appreciate“欣赏”。] 12．A．convinced B．ordered C．inquired D．forced A　[根据下文的“it would be a valuable experience for their daughter”可知，Shaw的爸爸说服(convinced)Shaw的妈妈让女儿踢足球，认为这是一次宝贵的经历。order “命令”；inquire“询问，打听”；force“强制，逼迫”。] 13．A．applied B．qualified C．prepared D．trained B　[根据下文的“after beating Panama”可知，牙买加国家队击败巴拿马后获得2019年女足世界杯参赛资格。qualify“获得资格，获得比赛资格”，故选B。apply“申请”；prepare“准备”；train“训练，培训”。] 14．A．belief B．game C．success D．dream D　[根据第三段的“Shaw, who dreamed of competing in the sport's greatest 10 ”可知，Shaw的梦想(dream)实现了。belief“信心，信念”。] 15．A．look up to B．look forward to C．look back on D．look out for C　[根据下文的“where I was then and where I am now”和语境可知，当Shaw回顾(look back on)过去和现在，她为自己感到骄傲。look up to“敬仰”；look forward to“期待”；look out for“当心，提防”。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)Beijing Central Axis was inscribed(写上)on the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 27, 1 marks China's 59th World Heritage Site.Initially constructed in the 13th century and shaped in the 16th century, it is an 2 (influence) masterpiece running north­south through the heart of the old city of Beijing, totaling 7.8 kilometers in 3 (long). The newly inscribed World Heritage Site, consisting of 15 components, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and the Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end, 4 (present) a collection of building complexes and archaeological sites that governs the overall layout of Beijing's old city.World­famous 5 (landmark) like the Forbidden City and the Tian'anmen Square Complex, are along the Axis, and the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture 6 (locate) on the east and west sides of the Axis. Beijing Central Axis is 7 (true) a remarkable sight showcasing the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese urban planners.Years of efforts in preservation and restoration have resulted 8 the successful inscription of Beijing Central Axis, which is 9 unique blend of history, culture and architecture.It has formed a magnificent urban architectural complex, 10 (witness) the ideal order of capital cities that has influenced the buildings of traditional Chinese cities for more than two thousands years. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了被列入“联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录”的北京中轴线。 1．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面“7月27日，北京中轴线被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录”这件事，且在从句中作主语，故填which。] 2．influential　[考查形容词。空前是不定冠词an，空后是名词masterpiece，故空处应填形容词。此处表示“一件有影响力的杰作”，故填influential。] 3．length　[考查名词。此处考查固定短语in length“长度为”。句意：它(北京中轴线)始建于13世纪，成形于16世纪，是一件有影响力的杰作，从北到南贯穿北京老城的中心，全长7.8千米。] 4．presents　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“The newly inscribed World Heritage Site”指代第一段的“Beijing Central Axis”，表示单数概念，且与present之间是主动关系。故填presents。句意：新入选的世界遗产保护区由15个部分组成，北端是钟鼓楼，南端是永定门，它展现了一批建筑群和考古遗址，这些影响着北京旧城的整体布局。] 5．landmarks　[考查名词复数。空处在句中作主语，其前有形容词World­famous修饰，且谓语动词是are，故填名词复数landmarks。] 6．are located　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作第二个并列分句的谓语。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture”表复数，且与locate之间是被动关系。故填are located。句意：世界著名的标志性建筑，如故宫和天安门广场建筑群，都沿着中轴线，天坛和先农坛位于中轴线的东西两侧。] 7．truly　[考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词，故填truly。句意：北京中轴线确实是一个非凡的景观，展示了中国古代城市规划者的智慧和创造力。] 8．in　[考查介词。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语 result in“导致，造成”。] 9．a　[考查冠词。blend在此作可数名词，意为“(不同事物的)融合”；此处意为“一种历史、文化和建筑的独特融合”，表泛指。故填a。] 10．witnessing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。witness在此意为“见证”，与其逻辑主语It之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，填witnessing。句意：它形成了一个宏伟的城市建筑群，见证了两千多年来影响中国传统城市建筑的首都城市的理想结构。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $