必修第三册 UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重点词汇 1．tap 　　　　　 n.龙头；阀门 2．tissue n.纸巾 3．smog n.雾霾 4．carbon n.碳 5．just­me­ism n.以自我为中心，自我中心主义 6．gallon n.加仑 (美加仑＝3.785公升； 英加仑＝4.546公升) 7．institute n.机构；研究院 8．chimpanzee n.黑猩猩 9．brick n.砖，砖块 10．quote n.引文，引用(的话) 11．county n.县 12.diagram 　　　　 n.图解，示意图 13．disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的 14．honey n.蜂蜜 15．butter n.黄油，牛油 16．yoghurt n.酸奶 17．air conditioning n.空调系统 18．landfill n.废弃物填埋场 19．clean­burning adj.清洁焚烧的 20．waste­to­energy adj.以垃圾作为能源的 21．footwear n.鞋类 22．near­surface adj.近地表的 23．build­up n.增长；加强 写作词汇 1.coral reefs in the ocean 海洋里的珊瑚礁 2．deep spreading roots扎得很深的根 3．put up posters 张贴海报 4．a non­profit organization 非营利组织 5．a union member工会会员 6．have a contented life 过着满足的生活 7．in remote regions 在偏远地区 8．overcome difficulties 克服困难 9．the former conditions in the desert 原来该沙漠的境况 10.do ordinary things 做普通的事 11．therefore burn lots of calories所以会燃烧大量卡路里 12．a bicycle path 自行车道 13．reach your destination 到达你的目的地 14．local residents 当地居民 15．her negative attitude to our activities她对我们活动的消极态度 16．a plastic bag/cup/toy塑料袋/杯/玩具 17．sum up as follows概括如下 拓展词汇 1.global adj.　 全球的，全世界的；整体的，全面的 globe n. 球体；地球 globally adv. 全球地，全世界地 2.industrial adj. 工业的 industry n. 工业 3.extinction n. 灭绝 extinct adj. 灭绝的 4.solution n. 解决办法 solve vt. 解决；处理 5.electricity n. 电 electric adj. 电动的 electrical adj. 与电有关的 electronic adj.　　　 电子的 6.transport n. 交通运输系统，运输方式 vt. 运输；传播 transportation n. 运输；交通工具 7.balance n. 平衡；天平，秤；余额 vt. 使保持平衡 balanced adj. 平衡的 8.bother vi.& vt. 费心，麻烦 bothered adj. 担心的；烦恼的 9.involve vt. 参与；包含 involved adj. 卷入的；有关的 involvement n. 牵连，参与 10.founder n.　　　 创办人，创始者 found vt. 创办；成立 foundation n. 基础；地基 11.organiser n. 组织者，安排者 organise vt. 组织，筹备 organisation n. 组织；团体；机构 12.occur vi. 发生 occurrence n. 出现；发生；事件 13.agriculture n. 农业 agricultural adj. 农业的 14.proposal n. 建议，提议 propose vt. 建议，提议 15.survival n. 继续生存，幸存 survive vi.& vt. 幸存(于)；比……活得长 survivor n. 幸存者 16.determination n. 决心；毅力 determine vt. 决定；影响 determined adj. 坚定的；坚决的 17.parking n. (车辆等的)停放 park vi.& vt. 停车 18.disappear vi. 消失，不见 disappearance n. 消失，不见 appear vi. 出现；似乎，显得 19.tracking n.　 　 跟踪 track vi.& vt. 跟踪 n. 踪迹 20.official n. 官员，高级职员 adj. 公务的；官方的 officially adv. 官方地 office n. 办公室 21.percentage n. 百分比，百分率 percent n. 百分数 22.container n. 容器 contain vt. 容纳 23.majority n. 大多数 major adj. 主要的；重要的 n. 主修科目；主修(某科目的)学生 vi. 主修 24.indicate vt. 表明；显示；指出；示意 indication n. 迹象；表示；标示 25.annually adv. 每年；一年一度地 annual adj. 每年的；一年一度的 26.pollutant n. 污染物 pollute vt. 污染 pollution n. 污染 27.flooding n. 水灾，洪水泛滥 flood n. 洪水 教材外课标词汇 1.drill /drɪl/ vi.& vt.钻 (孔)；打 (眼) n.钻 (头)；训练；演习 2．duration /djuə'reɪʃn/ n.持续时间；期间 3．dynasty /'dɪnəsti/ n.王朝；朝代 4．elegant /'elɪɡənt/ adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的 5．elsewhere /ˌels'weə(r)/ adv.在别处；去别处 6．emergency /ɪ'mɜːdʒənsi/ n.突发事件；紧急情况 7.emphasis /'emfəsɪs/ n.强调；重视；重要性 8．enterprise /'entəpraɪz/ n.公司；企业；事业 9．equator /ɪ'kweɪtə(r)/ n.赤道 10．estate /ɪ'steɪt/ n.庄园；住宅区；工业区 11．exchange /ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ/ n.交换；交流 vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换 12．export /ɪk'spɔːt/ n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播 一词多义 1．flat 　①n.一套公寓房，一套住房 ②adj.平坦的 2．wag ①vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴) ②vt.摆动，摇(头或手指，常表示不赞成) 3．recycle ①vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 ②vt.再次应用(概念等) 4．shoot ①n.芽，苗；嫩枝 ②vi.& vt.射击；拍摄；飞驰；射门；投篮 5．current ①adj.当前的，现时的 ②n.水流，气流；电流 6．pedal ①vi.& vt.骑 ②n.踏板 7．overflow ①vi.& vt.满是，有许多；泛滥 ②vi.& vt.漫出；溢出 熟词生义 1．desert [常见义]n.沙漠；荒原→[生僻义]vt.遗弃；舍弃；背离；使失望 2．firm [常见义]adj.坚实的；稳固的→[生僻义]n.商行，公司vt.使强壮 adj.坚决的 3．slim [常见义]adj.微小的；苗条的→[生僻义]adj.薄的 4．battery [常见义]n.电池→[生僻义]n.一连串；一系列 5．rate [常见义]n.比率，率→[生僻义]vt.对……评价 词源猜义 1．institute　in (在内)＋stitut (建立)＋e→在内部建立的机构→引申为：n.机构；研究室；协会 2．headstone　 head(头)＋stone(石头)→放置在头上方的石头→引申为：n.墓碑，墓石 3．packaging　 pack (包裹)＋age(场所，物品)＋ing(名词词缀)→包裹物品→引申为：n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 4．landfill　 land(土地)＋fill(填充)→用垃圾填充土地→引申为：n.垃圾填埋场 5．contented　 con (共同)＋tent (保持)＋ed(形容词词缀)→共同保持满足的状态→引申为：adj.满足的，满意的 6．overcome　 over (超过)＋come(来)→超过困难而到达→引申为：vt.克服，战胜 7．destination　 destin (确定)＋ation(名词词缀)→确定的目的地→引申为：n.目的地，终点 8．extinction　 ex (外)＋tinct (标记)＋ion(名词词缀)→外部标记消失的状态→引申为：n.灭绝，消亡 9．electricity　 electr (电)＋ic(形容词词缀)＋ity(名词词缀)→与电相关的性质→引申为：n.电，电力 10．agriculture　 agri (农业)＋culture(文化)→土地文化→引申为：n.农业，农艺 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．do my part for sth 　　 　　 尽自己所能做某事 2．can't be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事 3．take action 采取行动 4．all around the world 全世界 5．make sb's dream come true (使)某人梦想成真 6．suffer from 遭受 7．be committed to 尽心尽力于，致力于 8．thanks to 幸亏；由于 9.work through 　　　 调整(情绪) 10．come up with 想出，想到 11．take part (in) 参加 12．cut back on 削减，缩减 13．to sum up 总之 14．a matter of 关乎……的事情 15．make a difference 有影响；有作用 16．come up ①上来 ②走进 ③被提出 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．Of course，it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.(if引导的虚拟条件句) 2．To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established.(to do 不定式作目的状语) 3．People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.(so that引导目的状语从句) 4．In 1999，the “white bikes”returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！(with 复合结构) 5．The new “white bikes”were not actually white but painted in bright colours.(not...but...) 6．Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people，like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”，you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.(those作先行词的定语从句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。 2．为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和他们的社区，“根与芽”诞生了。 3．人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。 4．1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！ 5．新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。 6．由于这个创意以及众多人的努力，例如20世纪60年代的骑行爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在人们可以在阿姆斯特丹的市中心享受清新的空气和便利的交通。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　I used to leave tap water running and lights on even when it was unnecessary，wasting much water and electricity.I couldn't be bothered to pick litter up and it never occurred to me that I could do my part for oceans and deserts.To sum up，I just thought that not I but others were to blame for smog, global warming and the extinction of wildlife. However，everything changed after I was introduced to “Roots & Shoots”，whose founder was Jane Goodall，a best­known expert on wild chimpanzees.The purpose of the union is not to gain profits but to involve more young people in working out solutions to pollution and a balanced ecosystem.Therefore，we hold an activity once a month；the organiser chooses one destination，and the majority of us will take part in it.We may put up posters to educate people to recycle honey or butter containers，which mostly are made of plastic.We may advocate cutting back on disposable packaging.Sometimes we help clean up pollutants in rivers；sometimes we come up with proposals that clean­burning and waste­to­energy plants should be built.Besides，we advocate pedaling our bikes and using less air conditioning to live a low­carbon life.Some local residents have negative attitudes to our activities, but we just work through our frustration and overcome difficulties with great determination. Currently, branches of the organisation have spread to many counties and regions in China and all around the world, indicating a large percentage of people are doing ordinary things to make the world better. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 我过去常常在没有必要的情况下开着自来水，开着灯，浪费了很多水和电。我懒得捡垃圾，也从没想过我能为海洋和沙漠尽一份力。总而言之，我只是认为不是我，而是其他人应该为雾霾、全球变暖和野生动物灭绝负责。 然而，在我知道“根与芽”项目之后，一切都改变了，它的创始人是著名的野生黑猩猩专家简·古道尔。该协会的目的不是为了获取利润，而是让更多的年轻人参与到解决污染和平衡生态系统的工作中来。因此，我们每个月举办一次活动，组织者选择一个目的地，我们大多数人都会参加。我们可以张贴海报，教育人们回收蜂蜜或黄油容器，它们大多是由塑料制成的。我们可以提倡减少一次性包装。有时，我们帮助清理河流中的污染物；有时，我们提出建议，建立清洁燃烧和废物转化为能源的工厂。此外，我们提倡骑自行车，少用空调，过低碳的生活。一些当地居民对我们的活动持负面态度，但我们调整了沮丧感，并以极大的决心克服了困难。 目前，该组织的分支机构已经遍布中国和世界各地的许多县和地区，这表明很大一部分人在做一些平凡的事情，让世界变得更美好。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．tap 　　　 n．龙头；阀门 2．tissue n．纸巾 3．smog n．雾霾 4．battery n．电池 5．carbon n．碳 6．gallon n．加仑 7．institute n．机构；研究院 8．brick n．砖，砖块 9．wag vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴) 10．quote n．引文，引用(的话) 11．headstone n．墓碑 12．county n．县 13．pedal vi.& vt.骑 n．踏板 14．diagram 　　　　 n．图解，示意图 15．disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的 16．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 17．honey n．蜂蜜 18．butter n．黄油，牛油 19．yoghurt n．酸奶 20．air conditioning n．空调系统 21．landfill n．废弃物填埋场 22．clean­burning adj.清洁焚烧的 23．waste­to­energy adj.以垃圾作为能源的 24．near­surface adj.近地表的 25．build­up n．增长；加强 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．ocean 　　 　 n．海洋，大海 2．desert n．沙漠 3．flat n．一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的 4．root n．树根 5．shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射中；射击 6．firm adj.坚实的；稳固的 7．poster n．海报 8．profit n．盈利，利润 9．union n．联合会 10．contented adj.满意的；满足的 11．region 　　　 n．地区，区域 12．rate n．比率，率 13．former adj.以前的，从前的 14．current adj.当前的，现时的 15．path n．小径，小道 16．resident n．居民 17．attitude n．看法；态度 18．plastic adj.塑料制的 19．sum vt.概括，总结 20．overflow vi.& vt.满是，有许多；泛滥 Ⅱ.单词语境练 21．(2024·浙江1月卷)I didn't bother (费心) taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. 22．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Therefore (因此), I suggest that we should be allowed to find our own practicing partners so that we can choose the one most suitable for us. 23．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Do your part to preserve what makes a destination (目的地) special in the first place. 24．A bright idea suddenly occurred (想起) to me that I could use the money earned last month to buy him a gift. 25．One will find himself slimmer (苗条的) than before if he succeeds in giving up taking much sugar and fat. 26．To help students realize that protecting the environment is not a popular idea but practical actions, we will hold this contest with the aim of encouraging people to recycle (回收利用) waste. 27．Although cleaning street is no more than an ordinary (普通的) job, it contributes to society. 28．Tom adjusted to his new school and overcame (克服) his shyness, thus boosting his confidence. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．industrial adj.工业的→industry n．工业 2．electricity n．电→electric adj.电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的→electronic adj.电子的 3．transport n．交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播→transportation n．运输；交通工具 4．involve vt.参与；包含→involved adj.卷入的；有关的→involvement n．牵连，参与 5．founder n．创办人，创始者→found vt.创办；成立→foundation n．基础；地基 6．organiser n．组织者，安排者→organise vt.组织，筹备→organisation n．组织；团体；机构 7．survival n．继续生存，幸存→survive vi.& vt.幸存(于)；比……活得长→survivor n．幸存者 8．parking n．(车辆等的)停放→park vi.& vt.停车 9．tracking n．跟踪→track v．跟踪 n．踪迹 10．official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→officially adv.官方地→office n．办公室 11．container n．容器→contain vt.容纳 12．majority n．大多数→major adj.主要的；重要的n.主修科目；主修(某科目的)学生 13．annually adv.每年；一年一度地→annual adj.每年的；一年一度的 Ⅱ.词族语境练 14．If the past is any indication (indicate), he may be right. 15．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Such structured thinking, followed by global (globe) regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. 16．After balancing the advantages against the disadvantages of losing weight through an operation，she chose to have a balanced diet.(balance) 17.The river has been seriously polluted by the pollutants from a nearby factory，which might be faced with a large sum of fine for the pollution．(pollute) 18．To tackle food crisis，Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.(agriculture) 19．He proposed marriage to his girlfriend，but to his sadness, his proposal was rejected.(propose) 20．I am determined to give up smoking.But you know，quitting smoking takes not only determination but also perseverance.(determine) 21．Many species are disappearing every day.In fact，many scientists have long been concerned about the disappearance of these species.(disappear) 22．As far as I know, the problem is difficult to solve.The team are working hard to analyze it so that they can find a good solution (solve). 23．With the expansion of human domains，many species have become extinct．Human activity is to blame for the extinction of these species.(extinct) 24．The terrible flood caused by the storm flooded many villages，which brought about much trouble to the villagers.(flood) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．do my part for sth 　 尽自己所能做某事 2．can't be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事 3．take action 采取行动 4．all around the world 全世界 5．make sb's dream come true (使)某人梦想成真 第二组 6．work through 调整(情绪) 7．come up with 想出，想到 8．take part (in) 参加 9．cut back on 削减，缩减 10．to sum up 总之 11．(2023·浙江1月卷)Last weekend，I took part in an event held by the Students' Union，which was aimed at educating us more about daily biology. 12．At the beginning of the year, the company quickly took action to speed up production. 13．My best friends always lend me a helping hand and come up with solutions to help me when I am in trouble. 14．All around the world, we can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. 15．To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem. 16．She offers some ideas on how people can cut back on their cellphone use. 三、句式过关测 1．当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。(if引导的虚拟条件句) Of course，it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. 2．为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和他们的社区，“根与芽”诞生了。(to do 不定式作目的状语) To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established. 3．人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。(so that引导目的状语从句) People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey，so that someone else could then take it and use it from there． 4．1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！(with 复合结构) In 1999，the “white bikes”returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! 5．新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。(not...but...) The new “white bikes”were not actually white but painted in bright colours． Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦；使苦恼(bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎bother doing sth/to do sth 操心/费心做某事 ◎bother sb with/about sth 用某事打扰某人 ◎It bothers sb that.../to do... 使某人烦恼的是…… ◎can't be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事 ◎be bothered about sth 为……而担心/烦恼 【写作语料】　 ◎bother her with/about my problems拿我的问题去打扰她 ◎can't be bothered to play with me不想和我一起玩 ◎bother to let me know he is coming麻烦告诉我一声他要来 【语境运用】　完成语段 任何言语都不足以表达我对你的衷心感谢。首先，几天前我很担心即将到来的英语演讲比赛，是您费心指导我提高我的发音和演讲技巧。此外，我总是麻烦你帮我解决我所面临的难题。每当我为我的事情打扰你时，你总是耐心而慷慨地为我提出很好的建议。[应用文之感谢信] No words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude to you.Firstly，I ①was bothered about the coming English Speech Competition a few days ago and it was you who ②bothered to guide me to improve my pronunciation and speech skills.Besides，I always came to you whenever stuck in problems I was faced with.Whenever I ③bothered you with/about my matters，you always offered me wonderful proposals patiently and generously. involve vt.参与；包含；使卷入(involved adj.参与的；卷入的　involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连) 【知识归纳】　 ◎involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth 使某人/自己参与(做)某事 ◎involve (doing) sth 包括(做)某事；需要(做)某事 ◎get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于 【写作语料】　 ◎be involved in the activity 参与到这项活动中 ◎look forward to your active involvement 期待着您的积极参与 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The art project involved creating (create)a painting that reflected our personal experiences. ②通过让学生参与实践活动，老师增强了他们的学习体验。 By involving students in hands­on activities, the teacher enhanced their learning experience. ③(2023·天津6月卷)我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中文工坊。 I am more than delighted to get involved in/involve myself in the upcoming Chinese Workshop，which is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK. contented adj.满意的；满足的(content vt.使满意 n．内容；目录 adj.满意的；满足的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎content oneself with 满足于；使(某人)自己对……感到满足 ◎feel/be content/contented with 对……满足/满意 ◎be content/contented to do sth 乐于做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎never content ourselves with book knowledge切不可仅仅满足于书本知识 ◎be content to live in the country满足于生活在乡下 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)I often content myself with exploring my neighborhood on a bike, enjoying the fresh air and scenery. ②(2024·全国甲卷)许多人对使用助力环保、方便快捷的共享自行车进行短途旅行的体验感到很满意。 Many people feel content to use shared bicycles for short trips，which are eco­friendly and convenient. ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) 我对我的艺术作品感到满意，那是对日落的丰富多彩的描绘。 I felt content with my artwork, which was a colorful depiction of the sunset. occur vi.(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现 【知识归纳】　 ◎sth occurs to sb＝sth strikes/hits sb 某人突然想起某事 ◎It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事 ◎It occurs/strikes/hits to sb that... 某人突然想起…… 【写作语料】　 ◎occur frequently/rarely 经常/很少发生 ◎a common occurrence 常见的事情 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我突然想到，在户外创作艺术会让创作过程更加愉快。 It struck/hit/occurred to me that being outdoors while creating art makes the process even more enjoyable. ②我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。 →A good idea struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day. →It struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day.(用it作形式主语改写) proposal n．建议，提议(propose vt.提议，建议) 【知识归纳】　 ◎make a proposal 提出建议 ◎propose doing... 建议做…… ◎propose that...(should) do... 建议…… 【写作语料】　 ◎come up with a proposal提出了一个建议 ◎propose building more nature reserves 建议建立更多的自然保护区 【语境运用】　一句多译 我提议我们循环利用塑料制品来降低白色污染。[应用文之倡议书] ①My proposal is that we (should) recycle plastic products to reduce white pollution.(proposal作主语) ②I propose that we (should) recycle plastic products to reduce white pollution.(propose＋宾语从句) ③I propose recycling plastic products to reduce white pollution.(propose doing) determination n．决心；毅力；决定(determine v．测定；决定；确定　determined adj.坚决的；有决心的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎with determination 坚决地 ◎determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作) ◎determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 ◎be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态) 【写作语料】　 ◎face difficulties with determination 坚定地面对困难 ◎determine upon a plan to enhance community engagement决定采取计划来增强社区参与感 ◎be determined to put all my heart into baseball 决定全身心投入棒球运动 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)完成我的绘画后，我有一种深深的满足感，决心在我未来的作品中探索不同的风格。 After completing my painting, I felt a deep sense of satisfaction and was determined to explore different styles in my future works． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫被我的话激励到，决心成为一个意志坚强的人。他非常坚定地跑到了起跑线上。看着他那坚定的表情，我被他内心的勇气感动了。 Inspired by my words，David was determined to be a strong­willed person．With great determination，he ran to the starting line.Looking at his determined face，I was touched by his inner courage. majority n．大部分；大多数(major n．专业 v．主修) 【知识归纳】　 ◎a/the majority of... 大多数…… ◎be in the majority 大多数 ◎major in 主修……； 以……为专业 注意：a/the majority of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与该名词的数一致。 【写作语料】　 ◎a/the majority of students大多数学生 ◎major in engineering at university在大学主修工程学 【语境运用】　完成语段 说到国家发展时，大多数人认为教育是非常重要的。这个学院主修计算机科学的学生占大多数，因为计算机科学是这个学院的主要学科。 When it comes to national development，①the/a majority of people believe that education is of great importance.The students in this college who ②major in computer science are ③in the majority because computer science is ④a major subject in this college. cut back on 削减，缩减，减少 【知识归纳】　 ◎cut across 　　 穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路) ◎cut in 插嘴 ◎cut off 中止；切掉；使隔绝 ◎cut...out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 ◎cut up 切碎 ◎cut down 砍倒； 削减； 裁小 【写作语料】　 (2024·新高考卷)If I had more time, I would cut back on indoor classes and spend more days painting outside.如果我有更多时间，我会减少室内课，更多地在户外绘画。 【语境运用】　用cut短语的适当形式填空 ①The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are repairing the main pipes. ②Many big trees along the road have been cut down for building houses，many of the branches of which have been cut up for firewood. ③The guidelines advise people to cut back on their sugar intake to stay healthy. ④The child kept cutting in while I was talking with his father. work through 调整(情绪)；(通过反复思考来)解决(问题) 【知识归纳】　 ◎break through　　　 突破 ◎get through 通过；完成；打通(电话) ◎go through 经历；仔细检查 ◎live through 经历……而未死 ◎look through 浏览，翻阅 【写作语料】　 To work through these emotions, first write all of your emotions down. 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①女儿溺水身亡后，母亲很难走出悲伤情绪。 It's hard for the mother to work through her sadness after her daughter got drowned. ②这个组织的创始人在开始时一定经历了许多困难。 The founders of the organisation must have gone through a lot of hardships in the beginning. 要处理好这些情绪，第一步把情绪写在纸上。Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．firm A．n.商行，公司　B．adj.硬的　C．adj.坚决的 D．vt.使强壮 ①These peaches are not ripe; they are still firm. B ②The product claims to firm your body in six weeks. D ③Experts hold the belief that parents must be firm with their children. C ④She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks. A 2．desert A．n.沙漠；荒原 B．vt.背离；使失望 C．vt.遗弃；舍弃 ①(北京卷)So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practises skiing down sand hills. A ②The poor pet was deserted by its cruel owner. C ③Somehow，her courage seemed to desert her for a moment. B 3．shoot A．n.芽，苗　B．vi.拍摄　C．vt.射击　D．vi.射(门)；投(篮) ①The man was shot dead by an assassin during a police raid on his house. C ②(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10­minute time frame. B ③A time limit was set for a team to shoot at the basket. D ④Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds，little green shoots started to appear. A 4．balance A．vt.使保持平衡　B．n.平衡　C．n.天平，秤 D．n.余额 ①How can you find the ball that is heavier by using a balance and only weighing twice？ C ②I was about to pay when I found my credit card balance was low，so I had to pay in cash. D ③To hold a pencil，she must balance it between her wrists，then use her arms to push it along the page. A ④We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife conservation. B 巧借词根gram/graph推测词义 词根gram/graph(＝write写、画，文字，图表) 本单元：dia­(穿过，两者之间)＋gram→交叉着画→diagram n．图表；示意图 1．(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. ◎geo­(＝earth“大地，地球”)＋graph＋­y(表性质)＋­cal(形容词后缀)→描述大地性质的→adj.地理的 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. ◎photo­(光)＋graph＋­y(表性质)→描述与光相关的性质→n.摄影 3．(2022·浙江1月卷)Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. ◎tele­(远)＋graph→远方来的文字→n.电报 4．Most biographies are organised in the order in which events happened. ◎bio­(＝life“生命，生物”)＋graph＋­y(名词后缀，表示“性质，状态”)→书写关于人生的状态→n.传记 5．The whole team has autographed a football at the fans meeting，which will be used as a prize. ◎auto­(自己)＋graph→自己写的字→vt.(在……上)签名 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：if引导的虚拟条件句 【教材原句】　Of course，it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. 当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。 【知识归纳】 ◎描述与现在事实相反的假设时，主句用would/could/should/might＋动词原形；虚拟条件句用动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)； ◎描述与过去事实相反的假设时，主句用would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词；虚拟条件句用had＋过去分词； ◎描述与将来事实相反的假设时，主句用would/could/should/might＋动词原形，虚拟条件句可以使用三种形式：①动词的过去式　②were to＋动词原形　③should＋动词原形 【写作佳句】　 ①If I were as wealthy as my neighbor, I would donate more money to the local charity that supports underprivileged children.(对现在的虚拟) 如果我像我的邻居一样富有，我会向支持贫困儿童的当地慈善机构捐赠更多的钱。 ②If the government invested more money in renewable energy research, we could significantly reduce our dependence on fossil fuels within the next decade.(对将来的虚拟) 如果政府在可再生能源研究上投入更多资金，我们可以在未来十年内显著减少对化石燃料的依赖。 ③If I had known earlier, I would have been utterly amazed by his talent.(对过去的虚拟) 如果我早知道，我会对他的才华感到非常惊叹。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①要不是你的帮助，我就不会在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。[应用文之感谢信] If it hadn't been for your help, I wouldn't have won first prize in the English Speaking Competition. ②如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。[应用文之演讲稿] If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street. ③如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。 If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I would inform him of the good news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday. 句式：with＋宾语＋宾补 【教材原句】　In 1999，the “white bikes”returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！ 【知识归纳】 with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为： ◎with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词；　　 ◎with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)； ◎with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成); ◎with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)。 【写作佳句】　 ①With my heart starting to beat wildly and my mouth dry，I rose to my feet and headed for the stage.[读后续写之心理描写] 我的心怦怦直跳，嘴里发干，我站起来，向舞台走去。 ②Joe burst into tears and her legs trembled with her fingers cut.[读后续写之动作和情绪描写] 因为手被割伤了，乔大哭了起来，腿不停地颤抖着。 ③(2023·浙江1月卷)With the bird in my cupped hand，I looked around to see how she had gotten in. 我托着那只鸟，环顾四周，想看看她是怎么进来的。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。 She rested her head on her husband's shoulder，with a smile of happiness spreading across her face． ②(2022·浙江1月卷)因为有很多问题需要解决，我冲到医院，找到了生病的伙伴，在他的指导下，我设法完成了最后的任务。 With many problems to settle，I dashed to the hospital and found my sick teammate and I managed to finish the last tasks with his guidance. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．Determined (determine) to come back to the stage，the dancer struggled with his injuries bitterly. 2．My proposal was that you (should) learn (learn) from your failure and improve yourself in the meantime. 3．It took the player quite a few minutes to work through the massive mental stress caused by a mistake. 4．Whatever difficulties we will encounter in the coming contest，we should have a positive attitude to/towards it. 5．He put forward a perfect solution to settling the problem and we all looked at him with great admiration. 6．We all need to get involved (involve) in saving energy whether it's at work, at home, or at school. 7．Ecologists recommended that human beings should cut back on the emission of carbon dioxide before it was too late. 8．It was a neighbor called Mario，coming to bring us a box containing (contain) some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. 9．Don't bother to fetch/fetching (fetch) me the book from the library—I can manage it myself. 10．Travelling to new destinations (destination) can widen our horizons and build up our confidence. 11．It was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in global (globe) ecosystem. 12．His proposal is that the question (should) be discussed (discuss) at the next meeting. 13．Containing (contain) rich natural and cultural relics, Mount Tai has been listed on the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. 14．Founded (found) in 1985 in Beijing, it is now a nation­wide organization, where the performance of the employee was evaluated last month. 15．Earthquakes cannot be predicted, but your chances of survival (survive) are much greater if you know what to do when an earthquake strikes. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.adj.整体的，全面的 2．(浙江7月卷)Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1，000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.n.一连串；一系列 3．(2023·全国乙卷)Well，it has one more bedroom than the last flat and the sitting room is big.n.公寓 4．(新高考Ⅰ卷)Each pianist has their own style of “nodding”to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.vt.示意 5．(浙江6月卷)That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.vt.对……评价 6．The baby's mother deserted him soon after giving birth.vt.抛弃 7．(2022·浙江1月卷)With help from Tesla，Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current，which soon became the major form of power delivery. n．电流 8．The chance for his survival is very slim.adj.微小的 9．The character of a child is plastic according to experts.adj.可塑的 10．According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.n.基金会 11．(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick­started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. ◎kick“踢”＋start“开始”→用脚启动→kick­start vt.促使……开始，使(项目)尽快启动 12．(2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, CanadA． ◎black“黑色的”＋list“名单”→blacklist vt.把……列入黑名单 13．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single­use plastic. ◎single“单个的”＋use“使用”→single­use adj.一次性的 (一)应用文写作 [倡议书——构建绿色校园] 假如你是学生会主席李华，请你写一封倡议书，发表到校报英语栏目中，号召全校学生为构建绿色校园共同努力。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：介绍发出倡议的原因 1．为了创建一个绿色和谐的校园，我们学校正在开展一项运动来唤起学生的低碳生活意识。(不定式短语作目的状语) To create a green and harmonious campus, our school is launching a campaign to arouse students' awareness of living a low­carbon life. 第二段：说明倡议的具体做法 2．如果我们每个人都能为建设美丽的校园尽自己的一份力，我们就会梦想成真。 If everyone of us could do our part for a beautiful campus, we would make our dream come true. 3．我的建议是，我们应该对不同种类的垃圾进行分类，以减少污染。(so that引导目的状语从句) My proposal is that we should classify different kinds of garbage so that we can reduce pollution. 4．我们应该减少使用一次性筷子和塑料包装。不要乱扔垃圾或随地吐痰。 We should cut back on the use of disposable chopsticks and plastic packaging.Never litter anywhere or spit around. 第三段：倡议现在开始行动起来 5．每个人都会产生影响。让我们从现在开始行动起来，创建一个更加美丽的校园！ Everyone makes a difference.Let's take action from now on to create a more beautiful campus！ [构建语义场——绿色生活] 1．低碳出行 ①traffic n．交通 ②bike n．自行车 ③walk v．步行 ④pollution n．污染；污染物 ⑤waste vt.浪费 n．浪费；滥用；垃圾 ⑥lifestyle n．生活方式 ⑦plastic adj.塑料的 n．塑料 ⑧take action采取行动 ⑨make a difference有作用；产生影响 ⑩make full use of...充分利用…… ⑪play a part in doing sth参与做某事 ⑫a green and harmonious campus绿色和谐的校园 ⑬live a low­carbon life过低碳生活 ⑭disposable chopsticks一次性筷子 2．环保行动 ⑮protect vt.保护 ⑯volunteer n．志愿者 ⑰activity n．活动 ⑱harmless adj.无害的 ⑲throw sth around/about到处乱扔某物 ⑳save water节约用水 ㉑plastic bag塑料袋 ㉒clean up打扫；把……弄干净 ㉓plant trees植树 ㉔recycle paper回收废纸 (二)读后续写 [环境保护话题＋情感描写之焦虑、担忧与无助、绝望] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [动作描写]　tap；recycle；do my part for sth；shoot；bother；take action；wag；involve；disappear；pedal；cut back on；sum；overflow [环境描写]　ocean；smog；desert；path；flooding [情感描写]　just­me­ism；contented；overcome；determination；work through 佳句 1．Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.(动作描写) 2．Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.(结尾升华句) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑，忧虑　worried adj.担心的，发愁的→worrying adj.令人担心的→worry vt.使忧虑，使担心 n．担心，忧虑　helpless/hopeless adj.无助的，绝望的→helplessness/hopelessness n．无助；绝望　bend one's head in despair 垂头丧气　be reduced to tears伤心落泪 佳句 1．Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned.(独立主格结构) 雾开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。 2．Filled with anxiety，he froze there helpless，frowning.(过去分词短语作状语；形容词作状语) 他充满了焦虑，无助地僵在那里，皱着眉头。 3．With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear.(with复合结构)一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。 4．Worried/Concerned about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.(形容词短语作状语)由于担心这次旅行，头几天我心神不宁。 5．He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night，worried.(so...that...；形容词作状语)他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着觉，心神不宁。 6．He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair.(过去分词短语作状语)他凝视着周围一片混乱，感到一阵绝望。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　十年后，当我踏上家乡的那一刻，我望着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河，在那里僵住了，感到一阵绝望。往日的美景如洪水般涌上心头。我流下了眼泪，绝望地低下了头，想着是什么造成了这样恶劣的环境。由于担心被破坏的环境，我在最初的几天里心神不宁，感觉如坐针毡。决定改变这种状况，我开始发表演讲，敦促人们保护环境。公众的积极反应消解了我焦虑和担忧的感觉。 　　The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later，I gazed at the bare mountain and dirty river and froze there，①overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair (过去分词短语作状语).Past beautiful scenery came back to my mind like floods.I ②was reduced to tears and bent my head in despair，thinking what had contributed to the terrible environment.③Concerned/Worried about the destroyed environment (形容词短语作状语)，I was unsettled for the first few days，being on pins and needles.④Determined to change the situation (形容词短语作状语)，I began delivering lectures to ⑤urge people to protect the environment．The public's active responses melted away my feelings of anxiety and concern. A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·安徽六校入学素质测试) Big Thinkers Series The 2024 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features four online talks，covering a wide range of topics by world­class scientist speakers and experts.If you are curious about your planet or your universe，then this series is your place to hear the latest research. Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers series (available on­demand) or purchase single tickets for just ￡ 13 per lecture (available by early booking). Reality ＋：From the Matrix to the Metaverse with David Chalmers In this talk，philosopher David Chalmers argues that Metaverse­style virtual worlds experienced through headsets are also genuine and meaningful realities and we can live a meaningful life in VR. What we don't know about gravity? with Claudia de Rham We are all familiar with the concept of gravity.In this talk，Professor Claudia de Rham will explore how much we actually know about gravity and how much more there is left to uncover. A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad Orzel From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000­year history of how science is used to mark time.Chad Orzel，the internationally bestselling author of How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog，offers us a witty journey through scientific theories and quirky (反常的) historical details. Physics at the End of the Universe with Katie Mack The Big Bang theory tells the story of the beginning of the universe for the last 13.8 billion years.But how does the story end？Join astrophysicist Katie Mack as she shares what modern astrophysics tells us about the final fate of the universe. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个与科学相关的讲座。 1．How much does a series ticket cost? A．￡13. B．￡20. C．￡ 30. D．￡32. D　[细节理解题。题目问“一个系列的票价是多少？”。根据第二段中的“Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket...or purchase single tickets for just ￡13 per lecture (available by early booking)”可知，购买Big Thinkers系列中四场讲座的系列门票可以在标准票价的基础上节省20英镑，而每场讲座的标准单人票票价是13英镑。因此买一个系列的票价是4×13－20＝32(英镑)。故选 D。] 2．What will Chad Orzel lecture in? A．The genuine reality. B．The secrets of gravity. C．The history of time marking. D．The final fate of the universe. C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的Chad Orzel可以将答案定位在第五段。根据该段中的“From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000­year history of how science is used to mark time”可知，Chad Orzel 讲的是人们是如何利用科学标记时间的，故选C。] 3．What do the four talks have in common? A．They are all aimed at science lovers. B．They are all concerned with gravity. C．They will all be given by bestselling authors. D．They will all be given by excellent physicists. A　[细节理解题。文章第一段总述Big Thinkers系列的四个线上讲座活动，第二段介绍了票价信息，下面四段分别介绍四个讲座的相关信息。所以根据第一段中的“If you are curious about your planet or your universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research (如果你对你的星球或宇宙感到好奇，那么这个系列是你聆听最新研究的地方)”可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者的，故选A。选项中的“science lovers”是对文中的“you are curious about your planet or your universe”的同义转换。] B (2025·湖北八校协作高三联考)Damian Stefaniuk and his colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a novel energy storage device—a supercapacitor—using three basic, inexpensive materials: water，cement，and soot(煤烟灰)—like the substance called carbon black, a highly conductive substance. Supercapacitors are highly efficient at storing energy but differ from batteries in some important ways.They can be charged much more quickly than a lithium (锂) battery and don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance.But supercapacitors also release the power they store rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mobile phones, laptops or electric cars where a steady supply of energy is needed over an extended period of time. Yet according to Stefaniuk, carbon­cement supercapacitors could make an important contribution to efforts to decarbonise the global economy.“If it can be scaled up, the technology can help solve an important issue—the storing of renewable energy，”he says. He and his fellow researchers at MIT and Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, envision several applications for their supercapacitors. One might be to create roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road.The rapid release of energy from the carbon­cement supercapacitor would allow vehicles to get a rapid boost to their batteries.Another would be as energy­storing foundations of houses—“to have walls, or foundations, or columns that not only support the structure but also store energy，”says Stefaniuk. But it is still early days.For now, the concrete supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt­hours per cubic metre—enough to power a 10­watt LED light bulb for 30 hours.The power “may seem low compared to conventional batteries, but foundations with 30－40 cubic metres of concrete could be sufficient to meet the daily energy needs of a residential house，”says Stefaniuk.“Given the widespread use of concrete globally, this material has the potential to be highly competitive and useful in energy storage.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种新型超级电容器，它由水、水泥和碳烟灰制成，具有充电快和寿命长的特点，适合储存可再生能源。尽管其能量密度低于传统电池，但其低成本和广泛应用前景使其成为能源储存的有力竞争者。 4．What might be an advantage of supercapacitors? A．They require little care. B．They are lighter in design. C．They discharge power in a stable manner. D．They continue to work effectively over time. D　[细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的“don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance”可知，超级电容器不会遭受同样的性能退化。由此可见，超级电容器相比于其他电池，能够在长时间使用后保持较好的性能，这是超级电容器的一个优势。故选D项。] 5．How does the author highlight the applications of supercapacitors? A．By giving instructions. B．By providing examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting cause and effect. B　[推理判断题。文中第四段的“envision several applications for their supercapacitors”讲到研究者为他们研发的超级电容器设想了几种应用。再根据第五段中的“One might be to create roads...they drive along a road”可知，一种可能是创建能够储存太阳能并在电动汽车沿道路行驶时给车无线重新充电的道路；根据第五段中的“Another would be as energy­storing foundations of houses”可知，另一种可能是作为房屋的能量储存基础。由此可知，作者通过提供超级电容器可能的两个应用场景来强调其用途。故选B项。] 6．What is the challenge faced by the widespread use of supercapacitors? A．They are not conductive enough for practical use. B．They store less energy than conventional batteries. C．They are made from materials that are difficult to obtain. D．They require highly specialized manufacturing equipment. B　[细节理解题。根据文中最后一段中的“the concrete supercapacitor can store a little under 300 watt­hours per cubic metre...‘may seem low compared to conventional batteries’”可知，混凝土超级电容器每立方米可以储存略低于300瓦时的能量——与常规电池相比，这种能量可能看起来低。故选B项。A项“它们不导电，无法实际使用”；B项“它们储存的能量少于常规电池”；C项“它们由难以获得的材料制成”；D项“它们需要高度专业化的制造设备”。] 7．What is the purpose of this text? A．To present a problem. B．To explain a process. C．To introduce a solution. D．To advocate an action. C　[写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“Given the widespread use of concrete globally...competitive and useful in energy storage”可知，文章主要介绍了一种可存储可再生能源的新型超级电容器，虽然其能量可能看起来低，但鉴于全球广泛使用混凝土，这种材料在能量储存方面潜力无穷且极具竞争力和有用性。由此可知文章主要说明了超级电容器作为一种解决方案的潜力和实用性。故选C项。] C (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试)China is likely to become the first country to bring Martian soil back to Earth in an ambitious science and engineering attempt.The nation plans to collect Martian samples and then bring them back to Earth around 2030 via a historic mission named Tianwen 3. If everything goes according to plan, the samples could become the first to be returned to Earth from Mars, and will help scientists look for traces of life on Mars, learn more about the planet's geology(地质学)and inner structures, and understand its atmospheric cycles. Yang Yuguang, a senior space industry observer and vice­chair of the International Astronautical Federation's Space Transportation Committee, said on Friday that no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars because it would be an extremely sophisticated procedure. “First, anyone who wishes to get back Martian soil needs to, in the first place, take to the planet a craft which can lift off from the Martian surface to send samples to Martian orbit, and that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants (推进剂).” “And landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging, considering the fact that landing on Mars is far more difficult than a lunar landing due to the complex atmosphere surrounding Mars，”he said. Even if the craft could land on Mars and it could lift off, Yang said that a new challenge would follow—how to guide it to carry out an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples. “In our lunar sample­return missions, the most complicated part was the in­orbit meeting and docking between the sample­carrying craft and the orbiter, and that operation at least had Earth­based telemetry (遥控技术) and other types of technical support.By comparison, there will be virtually no technical assistance in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance，”the expert explained. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。这将是首次实现从火星带回土壤样本，能够帮助科学家研究火星生命迹象、地质结构和大气循环。文章还解释了这一任务所面临的挑战。 8．What do we know about the Martian mission named Tianwen 3? A．It is the third space mission of China． B．Its main goal is to bring Martian soil back to Earth. C．The samples can help reveal the Earth's geology. D．No country will bring samples back from Mars before it. B　[细节理解题。根据题干将答案定位在第一段。根据第一段“China is likely...to bring Martian soil back to Earth...The nation plans to collect Martian samples...Tianwen 3”可知，天问三号的主要任务是收集火星土壤样本，并将其带回地球。故选B项。] 9．What does the underlined word “sophisticated”mean in Paragraph 3? A．Experienced. B．Threatening. C．Astonishing. D．Complicated. D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars”可知，到目前为止没有任何人试图把火星土壤样本带回地球。第四段的“that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants(推进剂)”提出了这一任务面临的第一个问题，即飞行器必须要足够大能装得下发动机和推进剂。第五段的“landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging”介绍了让一个巨大的飞行器在火星表面安全着陆非常具有挑战性。这是面临的第二个问题。再根据第六段的“a new challenge would follow...an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples”可知，即使飞行器能在火星表面安全着陆和起飞，这一任务还面临着新的挑战——如何引导它与轨道飞行器进行精确的交会。由此可知，从火星带回土壤样本是一个复杂的过程，画线词意为“复杂的”，complicated与其意思接近。故选D项。] 10．According to the passage, which of the following about the mission is true? A．A large craft is needed to send samples to Earth. B．Safe landing on Mars is difficult due to lack of air. C．The in­orbit meeting and docking is the most challenging part. D．Technical support is available to reduce its difficulty. C　[推理判断题。根据第七段的“In our lunar sample­return missions, the most complicated part was...in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance”可知，在月壤取样的任务中，最复杂的部分是携带样本的飞行器与轨道飞行器的在轨交会。而且这样的操作至少有地面的遥控技术和其他的技术支持。相比之下，由于距离太远，在火星轨道上进行同样的过程几乎没有技术援助。由此可推知，在火星上取样最具有挑战性的部分是在轨交会。故选C项。] 11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．China Plans Mission to Bring Martian Soil to Earth B．China Brought Samples Back via a Historic Mission “Tianwen 3” C．The Complexity of Bringing Martian Samples Back to Earth D．The Technical Support Taking Place in Martian Orbit A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。A项“中国计划将火星土壤带回地球”；B项“中国通过历史上重要的任务‘天问三号’带回了样本”；C项“将火星上的样本带回地球的复杂性”；D项“在火星轨道上发生的技术支持”。故选A项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·吉林高中毕业年级第一次模拟测试) How to Kick the Habit of Eating Processed Foods for Good? Basically, we all need a total sweetness reset in everything that we consume.“What I advocate is making small changes to your behaviour and reducing the amount of sugar in your diet systematically，”says AvenA．“1( ) People who go cold turkey (突然戒除) may experience headaches，anxiety，sleeplessness and intense cravings.” Follow these expert­approved tips to get you on the right track： ·DO avoid processed foods.“Avoiding processed foods greatly reduces risk for obesity and other diseases，”says Van Horn.Processed foods tend to be items that include ten or more ingredients, often with some you can't find in your kitchen.2( ) ·DO read food labels.It's important to read ingredient lists carefully and watch for different names of sugar.“There are 50­plus names for sugar，”says McBurnett.“It can get very confusing.”3( ) And when you're scanning the nutrition facts panel, a daily value (DV) of added sugar is acceptable between 5 percent and 20 percent. ·4( ) Naturally occurring sugars found in milk, fruits and vegetables, are nutritious.All this isn't to say that you will never again enjoy another slice of birthday cake or an ice­cold drink at the cinemA．Your goal doesn't have to be going completely sugar­free. “Maybe you just want to get to a point where you feel you are at a comfortable level of consumption—as if you're in control，”says AvenA．“5( )” A．DON'T avoid everything sweet. B．DO refuse all junk food. C．As a general rule, if it's an ingredient that ends in­ose, it's sugar. D．Some research has linked processed foods to negative health outcomes. E．Instead, healthy foods are usually the whole foods you can prepare at home. F．Doing this slowly, over time, is the best approach to avoiding withdrawal symptoms. G．But over time, consuming less added sugar is bound to actually make your life sweeter. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了逐步减少饮食中的糖和加工食品的一些方法。 1．F　[空前一句提到Avena提倡做出小小的改变并且系统性地减少饮食中的含糖量，空后谈到突然戒断会带来头疼、焦虑、失眠和极度的渴望。因此空处应与Avena提倡这样做的原因有关。F项“长时间慢慢这样做是避免脱瘾症状的最好方法”与上下文衔接紧密。F项中的“Doing this slowly”与文中的“making small changes”和“systematically”相呼应，“withdrawal symptoms”与文中的“headaches，anxiety，sleeplessness and intense cravings”相呼应。] 2．E　[本段第一句为段落主旨句，提出要避免加工食物。上文提到加工食品往往包含十种或更多的成分，其中一些你在厨房里找不到，因此空处应与正确的做法或选择有关。故E项“相反，健康食物通常都是你在家就能准备的天然食品”符合语境。] 3．C　[空前提到我们要仔细阅读成分表并且留心不同名称的糖。糖有五十多个名称，这可能会让人非常困惑。C项“但是一般来说，一种成分如果是以­ose结尾的，那就是糖类”符合语境。] 4．A　[根据空后可知，牛奶、水果和蔬菜中天然存在的糖都是有营养的。也不是说你不要吃生日蛋糕或者在电影院不能喝冰冷的饮料。你的目标没有必要彻底戒糖。A项“不要避免任何甜的东西”能概括本段大意。] 5．G　[上文谈到也许你只是想达到一种你觉得在你掌控之中的让人舒服的水平。G项“但是随着时间流逝，摄入较少的添加糖肯定会使你的生活更加甜蜜”是对上文内容的概括，符合语境。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·浙江省新阵地教育联盟高三第一次联考)Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food.Making bigger changes—like swapping a frozen meat lasagne(宽面条)for the vegetarian option－could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in higher­income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.”But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7, 000 Australian households in The George Institute's FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact data sets.More than 22, 000 products were assigned to major, minor and subcategories (e.g.‘bread and bakery’，‘bread’ and ‘white bread’， respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups.Making switches within the same subcategories of foods could lead to emissions reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1．9 million cars off the road.Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emissions reductions of 70%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like­for­like products.“It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods，”Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research.Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its “Planetary Health Rating”，a measure of its emissions from half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much­needed first step in providing environmental transparency(透明度)for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products，”concluded Prof.Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的澳大利亚研究，该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料来减少温室气体排放这一方式。 1．What's the function of Paragraph 2? A．To set the stage for further explanation. B．To summarize the previous paragraph. C．To give supporting details for the writer's argument. D．To make a comparison between different countries. A　[写作意图题。第二段中Dr Allison Gaines谈到“Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets”(我们如果要实现全球排放目标，饮食习惯需要发生重大改变)，承接第一段的研究结果。下文谈到“they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options”，说明消费者缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择(引出问题)，那么接下来应该会进一步解释什么样的选择更环保，对比不同选择带来的不同结果(作出解释/提供方法建议)，故选A。A项“为进一步的解释创造条件”；B项“总结上一段”；C项“为作者的论点提供支持性信息”；D项“在不同国家之间进行比较”。] 2.Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To measure emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“make a detailed classification for products”可将答案定位在第三段中。根据“More than 22，000 products...to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups”可知，超过22 000种产品被分类，以量化通过类别内和类别间转换而节省的排放量。也就是说，研究人员对产品进行详细的分类是为了测量更换食物所节省的排放量，故选C。该选项是对文中的“to quantify emissions saved...groups”的同义转换。] 3．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in higher­income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. D　[细节理解题。文章第五段谈到了“A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed”“Shoppers can use their device...its emissions from half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions)”。由此可知，ecoSwitch是一款免费应用程序，购物者可以使用他们的设备扫描产品条形码，并查看其“地球健康等级”，该等级是其排放物的评判标准，从半星(高排放量)到五星(低排放量)。也就是说，ecoSwtich能帮助购物者购买更加环保的食物，故选D。A项“它在高收入国家受到欢迎”；B 项“它检查星级产品的排放物”；C项“这是超市的测量系统”；D项“它确保了更明智的食品购买选择”。] 4．What's the best title for the text? A．EcoSwitch—a Reminder of Food Safety B．Dietary habits—a Factor in Physical Health C．Food swaps—a Way of Environmental Sustainability D．Greenhouse gas emissions—a Cause of Environmental Crisis C　[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段的介绍可知，文章主要谈到通过选择相似但更环保的食物可以减少家庭食品杂货产生的温室气体，故C项为最佳标题。A项“EcoSwitch——食品安全提醒”；B项“饮食习惯——身体健康的一个因素”；C项“食物调换——环境可持续发展的一种方式”；D项“温室气体排放——环境危机的一个原因”。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·广东六校二联)I remember a moment when I felt like everything was falling apart.At fifteen years old, I found myself in a hospital bed, unable to 1 ．It was a result of an accident during a fishing trip with a friend.My 2 of becoming an athlete was broken along with my backbone.I pushed away my loved ones and struggled to 3 my new reality. Returning home, I faced the challenge of getting around in a wheelchair.At first, I let my 4 get in the way, refusing to ask for help even when it 5 missing out on experiences I enjoyed.I later realized that accepting 6 from others was not a sign of weakness but a necessary step towards 7 my independence and happiness. A turning point came when I met a friend who saw potential in me.He 8 me to try wheelchair sports and find joy in a new form of athleticism.I took up table tennis and, to my surprise, I 9 in it.My skills improved rapidly, and soon I was participating in the Wheelchair Games in Montreal, where I witnessed the incredible 10 of the athletes.Despite their physical disabilities, they trained for long hours, pushed through pains and never gave up. One incident that highlighted the daily obstacles faced by 11 people occurred when I encountered a girl struggling to jog up a hill.I didn't let her struggle discourage me. 12 ， I used humor to overcome the situation and challenge negative 13 ． Looking back, I realize that the 14 was not the end of my life but the beginning of an incredible one.I am 15 for the support that has come my way.As I continue to work towards making a difference, I believe that my best day is yet to come. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者发生事故，当运动员的梦想破灭。在朋友的激励下，作者开始尝试轮椅乒乓球，并成功参加比赛，作者也因此重获独立和幸福。作者意识到，事故不是生活的结束，而是新生活的开始。 1． A．breathe B．see C．hear D．move D　[根据下文的“becoming an athlete was broken along with my backbone”和第二段的“getting around in a wheelchair”可知，作者发生事故，脊柱损坏，躺在医院的病床上，动弹不得，故选D。breathe“呼吸”。] 2． A．memory B．dream C．promise D．mission B　[根据第三段的“try wheelchair sports and find joy in a new form of athleticism”和空处所在句可知，作者当运动员的梦想(dream)破灭了。memory “记忆”；promise“诺言”；mission“任务”。] 3． A．rely on B．turn down C．adjust to D．figure out C　[上文讲作者发生事故，脊柱损坏，当运动员的梦想破灭；再结合第二段的“I faced the challenge of getting around in a wheelchair”可推知，作者努力适应(adjust to)新的现实。rely on“依赖”；turn down“拒绝”；figure out“弄明白”。] 4． A．regret B．pride C．desire D．envy B　[根据空后的“refusing to ask for help”可推知，作者一开始让自己的自尊(pride)阻碍了自己，拒绝寻求帮助。regret“遗憾”；desire“渴望”；envy“羡慕”。] 5． A．meant B．required C．allowed D．deserved A　[空前的it指代上文的“refusing to ask for help”，故此处表示拒绝寻求帮助就意味着(meant)错失自己喜欢的事情。require“需要”；allow“允许”；deserve“应得”。] 6． A．sympathy B．instruction C．praise D．assistance D　[上文讲作者发生事故，只能借助轮椅出行，起初作者拒绝寻求帮助。此处表示后来作者意识到，接受别人的帮助(assistance)并不是软弱的表现，而是重获(regaining)独立和幸福的必要步骤。此处的assistance是对上文help的同义替换。sympathy“同情”；instruction“指导”；praise“赞扬”。] 7． A．transforming B．rewarding C．regaining D．sacrificing C　[参见上题解析。transform“改变”；reward“奖励”；sacrifice“牺牲”。] 8． A．motivated B．permitted C．forced D．requested A　[根据上文的“a friend who saw potential in me”可知，作者的朋友看到作者的潜力，激励(motivated)作者尝试轮椅运动。permit“允许”；force“迫使”；request“要求”。] 9． A．brought B．excelled C．believed D．majored B　[根据上文的“I took up table tennis”和下文的“soon I was participating in the Wheelchair Games in Montreal”可知，令作者感到惊讶的是，作者竟然擅长(excelled)打轮椅乒乓球。major“主修”。] 10．A．patience B．integrity C．humor D．endurance D　[根据下文的“Despite their physical disabilities, they trained for long hours, pushed through pains and never gave up”可知，尽管这些运动员身体残疾，但他们长时间训练，克服疼痛，从不放弃。由此可知，作者在比赛中目睹了这些运动员惊人的忍耐力(endurance)。patience“耐心”；integrity “耿直，正直诚实”；humor“幽默感”。] 11．A．weak B．common C．disabled D．talented C　[根据下文的“I encountered a girl struggling to jog up a hill”可知，此处是说一件凸显了残疾人每天面临的障碍的事发生了。故选C。] 12．A．Instead B．Moreover C．Therefore D．However A　[空前讲作者没有让女孩爬坡的艰难使自己泄气，空后讲作者用幽默来克服这种情况，故此处用Instead“反而，却”。] 13．A．actions B．attitudes C．outcomes D．approaches B　[根据上文的“I used humor to overcome the situation”可知，作者用幽默来拒绝自己的消极态度(attitudes)。outcome“结果，后果”；approach“方法”。] 14．A．adventure B．conflict C．accident D．mistake C　[上文讲作者发生事故，梦想破灭，在朋友的激励下重获独立和幸福。由此可知，作者意识到那次事故并不是生活的结束，而是一段不可思议的生活的开始。此处与第一段的“an accident during a fishing trip”呼应。adventure“冒险”；conflict“冲突”；mistake“错误”。] 15．A．honored B．admired C．hopeful D．grateful D　[上文讲作者在朋友的激励下重获独立和幸福，故作者很感激(grateful)这一路的支持和帮助。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) “Nice”to Meet You, Hangzhou Nice, France and Hangzhou, China have been developing a unique bond since their official declaration 1 sister cities in 1998, connecting the two vibrant cultures separated by 9，300 kilometers through numerous 2 (initiative).To Rudy Salles, deputy chairman of the Nice Tourist Office, the sister­city relationship between the two is a perfect match. Having visited Hangzhou several times, Salles describes it as “a very well­organized and 3 (welcome) city”．He recalls a Nice food festival at the Dragon Hotel Hangzhou, where traditional food, such as salade nicoise—4 (make) from tomatoes, hard­boiled eggs and olives and dressed with olive oil, and pan bagnat, 5 sandwich made from whole wheat bread enclosing the classic salade nicoise, was served. The cultural exchange between the two cities reached a new 6 (high) in 2017 when Hangzhou Opera and Dance Drama Theater 7 (stage) the show To Meet the Grand Canal in Nice, at the invitation of the Nice government.In addition to the formal show, Chinese performers organized flash events on the streets of Nice 8 (engage) more people. In 2014 the Grand Canal was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.At the news, the Nice government approached Hangzhou, keen to learn from its experience, as Nice was seeking a similar status.In 2021, UNESCO added the city of Nice to its World Heritage List.“Our candidacy for UNESCO 9 (support) by China, for 10 we are so grateful，”says Salles. [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了尼斯和杭州两个姐妹城市之间的文化交流活动和友谊。 1．as　[考查介词。空处无提示词，主要考虑介词、冠词、关系词等。本句中的“since their official declaration sister cities in 1998”为句子的时间状语，空处与“sister cities”一起说明“declaration”的内容，即尼斯和杭州作为姐妹城市的官方声明，故填as。句意：自1998年正式宣布成为姐妹城市以来，法国尼斯和中国杭州一直在发展一种独特的纽带，通过众多举措将这两种相隔9 300千米的充满活力的文化连接起来。] 2．initiatives　[考查名词复数。空处作介词 through的宾语，initiative作“计划，措施”讲时为可数名词，空前有numerous，表示“许多”，故填可数名词的复数形式initiatives。] 3．welcoming　[考查形容词。空处与well­organized并列，修饰后面的名词city，应用形容词形式，故填welcoming，表示“欢迎的，热情的”。句意：Salles多次访问杭州，他形容杭州是一个“组织良好且热情友好的城市”。] 4．made　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主句为“He recalls a Nice food festival at the Dragon Hotel Hangzhou”， where引导定语从句，从句里的句子主干为“traditional food was served”，从句中的“such as salade nicoise...and pan bagnat...classic salade nicoise”是对前面“traditional food”的举例说明。空处修饰空前的“salade nicoise”，两者之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。句意：他回忆起在杭州黄龙饭店举办的一次尼斯美食节，那里供应传统美食，如salade nicoise——由西红柿、煮老了的鸡蛋和橄榄制成，并用橄榄油调味，还有pan bagnat全麦面包三明治，其中夹着经典的salade nicoise。] 5．a　[考查冠词。“ sandwich...classic salade nicoise”是空前的“pan bagnat”的同位语。空处修饰单数名词sandwich，表示泛指，且sandwich的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。] 6．height　[考查名词。空前有不定冠词a和形容词new，空处应用名词，故填height，意为“高度”。此处是说“两个城市之间的文化交流达到了新的高度”。] 7．staged　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句中的when引导定语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，表示“上演”，从句主语是单数概念，和stage之间是主动关系，由“in 2017”可知应用一般过去时，故填staged。此处是stage的熟词生义用法，意为“上演”。句意：两座城市之间的文化交流在2017年达到了新高度，当时应尼斯政府的邀请，杭州歌剧舞剧院在尼斯上演了《遇见大运河》的演出。] 8．to engage　[考查非谓语动词。空处所在句的谓语动词为organized，空处与谓语动词之间没有连词，由此判断空处是非谓语。本段介绍的是两座城市的文化交流活动，快闪活动应是为了吸引更多的人，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to engage。句意：除了正式演出外，中国表演者还在尼斯街头组织了快闪活动，以吸引更多的人。] 9．was supported　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与句子主语“Our candidacy”之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，主语表示单数概念，故填was supported。句意：我们在联合国教科文组织的候选资格得到了中国的支持，对此我们非常感激。] 10．which　[考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句所说的事情，空前有介词for，故填which。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $