必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重 点 词 汇 1．drought　　 n．旱灾，干旱 2．hurricane n．飓风 3．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 4．weed n．野草；海藻 5．deer n．鹿(单复数同形) 6．insect n．昆虫 7．whale n．鲸 8．dolphin n．海豚 9．shark n．鲨(鱼) 10．kangaroo n．袋鼠 11．eagle n．鹰 12．fox n．狐狸 13．jungle n．(热带)丛林 14．whirlpool 　　 n．漩涡 15．descent n．下降，下落 16．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的 17．barrel n．桶 18．lamp n．灯 19．sledge n．雪橇 20．polar adj.极地的，地极的 21．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆 22．tent n．帐篷 23．brochure n．小册子 24．aftershock n．(地震的)余震 25．metal n．金属 26．skiing n．滑雪运动 27．originality n．独创性；创造力 写 作 词 汇 1．an air disaster空难 2．the importance of wildlife protection野生动植物保护的重要性 3．make helpful comments on my work对我的工作提出有益的意见 4．crowded streets拥挤的街道 5．living creatures 生物 6．soil pollution and climate change土壤污染和气候变化 7．millions of homeless 数百万无家可归的人 8．the greenhouse effect 温室效应 9．secret police file警方秘密档案 10．body and soul 身体和灵魂 11．on the edge of town 位于城镇边缘 12．attempt to rescue the vehicle trapped in the ruins试图营救被困在废墟中的车辆 13．the students coming from overseas来自海外的学生 14．a picnic site野餐场所 15．a very challenging process一个非常具有挑战性的过程 16．a sense of duty 责任感 17．cause widespread human suffering 给许许多多的人带来苦难 18．a strong shelter nearby 附近一个坚固的避难所 19．coal/gold dust煤/金粉 20．the captain of the English team 英格兰队队长 21．travel to a distant village去一个遥远的村庄旅行 22．a rich and varied cultural life丰富多彩的文化生活 23．in a scary situation 在可怕的情况下 24．be harmless to humans 对人类无害 拓 展 词 汇 1． eruption n.　　　　 爆发 erupt v. 爆发；喷出 2． ecology n. 生态；生态学 ecological adj. 生态学的；生态的 3． shock vt.　　　 　 使震惊；使难以置信 n. 震惊；休克；冲击 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 震惊的 4． survive vi.& vt. 　 活下来；幸存 survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 5． poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 poem n. 诗；诗歌 poet n. 诗人 6． mystery n. 神秘事物，难以理解的事物 mysterious adj. 神秘的；不可思议的 7． frightened adj. 受惊的，害怕的 frightening adj. 令人害怕的 frighten v. 使受惊；使惊恐 8． horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 horror n. 恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事 horribly adv. 害怕地；可怕地；极其地 9． curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇心 10．observation n. 观察；观察结果 observe v. 观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守 11．equal adj. 相等的；相同的；平等的 equally adv. 同样地；平等地 equality n. 平等 12．interrupt vi.& vt. 打断讲话 interruption n. 打断，打扰；中断时间 13．death n. 死，死亡 die v. 死亡 dying adj. 垂死的 dead adj. 失去生命的；不再使用的 14．loss n. 丧失；死亡 lose vt. 失去；丢失；使迷路 lost adj. 丢失的；迷路的 15．operation n. 行动，活动；手术；操作 operate v. 运转；做手术；操作 operator n. 接线员；操作者 16．conduct vt. 实施；执行；进行 vi.& vt. 指挥 conductor n. 指挥；售票员 17．protection n.　　 保护；防护 protect v. 保护；防护 protective adj. 保护的；防护的 18．breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸 breath n. 呼吸 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的 breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地 19．explorer n. 探险者；勘察者 explore v. 探索；探究；勘察 exploration n. 探索；探究；勘察 20．preparation n. 预备，准备 prepare v. 准备；预备 21．anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地；担忧地 anxious adj. 焦虑的，担心的 anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑 22．ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ambitious adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的 23．cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 cheer v. 使高兴；欢呼 n. 欢呼声 24．prove vt. 证明；证实 proof n. 证据 25．honesty n. 坦诚；诚实，正直 honest adj. 诚实的 dishonest adj. 不诚实的 26．sincerity n. 真诚，真挚，诚实 sincere adj. 真诚的 sincerely adv. 诚挚地 27．bravery n. 勇气；勇敢的行为 brave adj. 勇敢的 bravely adv. 勇敢地 28．disappearance n. 消失；消亡 disappear vi. 消失；消亡；灭绝 appear vi. 出现 linking v. 看来；似乎 教 材 外 课 标 词 汇 1．choke /tʃəʊk/ vi.& vt.(使) 窒息；(使) 哽咽 2．cite /saɪt/ vt.引用；引述 3．clay /kleɪ/ n．黏土；陶土 4．collar /'kɒlə(r)/ n．(动物)颈圈；衣领 5．communist /'kɒmjənɪst/ adj.共产主义的 n．共产主义者 6．comprise /kəm'praɪz/ vt.包括；包含；由……组成 7．concrete /'kɒηkriːt/ n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 8．conference /'kɒnfərəns/ n．会议；研讨会；正式会谈 9．Confucianism /kən'fjuːʃənɪzm/ n．孔子学说；儒家(学说) 10．constitution /ˌkɒnstɪ'tjuːʃn/ n．宪法；章程 11．cottage /'kɒtɪdʒ/ n．小屋；(尤指)村舍；小别墅 12．cotton /'kɒtn/ n．棉布；棉花 一词多义 1．wave ①n.海浪，波涛；风潮；挥手；(情感的)一阵 ②vi.& vt.挥手示意；挥舞，挥动 2．escape ①vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 vt.被忘掉，被忽视 ②n.逃跑，逃脱 3．trap ①vt.困住；使陷于危险中 ②n.陷阱，夹子；圈套 4．ski ①n.滑雪板 ②vi.滑雪 5．shelter ①n.避难所；居所，住处 ②v.躲避；保护 6．title ①n.题目，标题；(竞赛、体育比赛的)冠军 ②vt.加标题 7．base ①n.基地，大本营；基础 ②vt.以……为基地 熟词生义 1．tube [常见义]n.圆管，管子→[生僻义]n.管状物；(伦敦)地铁 2．battle [常见义]n.较量；竞争，斗争；战斗→[生僻义]v.与……作战， 争斗；竞争 3．measure [常见义]vt.估量，衡量；测量→[生僻义]linking v．(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为 4．flood [常见义]n.洪水，水灾→[生僻义]v.大量涌入 5．float [常见义]vi.浮；漂→[生僻义]v.提出(想法) 6．damage [常见义]n.伤害，损伤，损害→[生僻义]n.赔偿金 7．lecture [常见义]n.讲座，讲课；演讲→[生僻义]vt.训斥 8．extent [常见义]n.面积；长度；范围→[生僻义]n.程度 词源猜义 1．landslide land(土地)＋slide(滑落)→土地滑落的现象→引申为：n.滑坡；塌方 2．landscape land(陆地)＋scape(景观)→陆地上的景观→引申为：n.风景，景观 3．descent de(向下)＋sent(走)→向下走的过程→引申为：n.斜坡；血统 4．brochure broch(刺，缝)＋ture(名词词缀，表示“性质”)→“缝”在一起的印刷小册子→引申为：n.小册子，宣传册 5．disaster dis(否定)＋aster(星星)→星位不正，象征不幸的事件→引申为：n.灾难，灾害 6．overuse over(过度)＋use(使用)→过度使用→引申为：vt.过度使用 7．captain cap(头)＋ain(名词词缀，……的人)→头领或指挥者→引申为：n.船长，队长 8．rescue re(再次)＋scue(救助)→再次进行救助→引申为：vt.救援，拯救 9．survive sur(在上)＋vive(生活)→在困境中继续生活→引申为：vi.生存 vt.幸存 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．be covered with 　　 覆盖着…… 2．in the direction of 朝……方向 3．be/become curious about 对……好奇 4．breathe in 吸气 5．on the way to 在去往……的路上 6．in preparation for sth 为某事做准备 7．ahead of schedule 提前，先于预定时间 8．be home to 是……的所在地/家园 9．be made up of 由……组成 10．be directed by 由……导演的 11．turn one's back (on sb/sth) ①对……置之不理 ②对……撒手不管 12．on the edge of ①在……边缘 ②某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 13．run out ①用完 ②耗尽 14．be native to ①源于……的 ②原产于 15．at one point ①一度 ②在某处 ③在某一时刻 16．break down ①停止运转，出故障 ②(身体等)垮掉 ③使分解 ④(谈判)失败 17．make progress 稳步前进；取得进步 18．in the history of 在……的历史进程中 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.(It takes/took sb some time to do...) 2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(as if 引导方式状语从句) 3．The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) 4．As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(the reason why...is/was that...) 5．But what if I'm trapped？(what if...？) 6．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装) 7．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.[have difficulty (in) doing...；非限制性定语从句] [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。 2．我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 3．第一，物体越大，下落越快…… 4．如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 5．但是如果我被困住了怎么办？ 6．极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 7．下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　In fact，it was out of curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer, who had just returned from a distant continent.Expecting to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site cheerfully.He indeed shared some stories of battling against nature with bravery，in one of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out.Trapped in the scary snowstorm，he attempted to call for rescue through the phone，but it proved useless.Frightened and hungry，he was at a loss and faced with death.He was walking anxiously until he found shelter in a nearby base.Besides，he also mentioned that the suffering of wildlife shocked him.According to his observation，millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance.Apart from natural disasters such as flood，drought，landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricane，to some extent，too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find it everyone's duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 事实上，正是出于好奇，我才去听了一位刚从遥远的大洲回来的著名探险家的讲座。期待着听到他在探险过程中遇到的各种可怕的经历和未解之谜，我兴高采烈地去了现场。他确实分享了一些勇敢地与自然作斗争的故事，其中一次是他的车因为汽油用完在极地抛锚了。他被困在可怕的暴风雪中，试图通过电话求救，但事实证明它毫无用处。他又怕又饿，不知所措，面临着死亡。他焦急地走着，直到在附近的基地找到了避难所。此外，他也提到，野生生物的遭遇使他震惊。根据他的观察，数以百万计的动物正处于灭绝的边缘。除了洪水、干旱、山体滑坡、火山爆发和飓风等自然灾害外，在某种程度上，过多的温室气体也对它们造成了损害。我们不应该对可怕的气候置之不理，而应该采取措施实施野生动物保护。听了他的演讲，我发现维持生态平衡是每个人的责任。同样重要的是，我们应该分发一些小册子，教导人们遵循自然法则。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．drought 　　 n．旱灾，干旱 2．hurricane n．飓风 3．landslide n．滑坡；塌方 4．landscape n．风景，景色 5．weed n．野草；海藻 6．deer　　　　 n．鹿 7．insect n．昆虫 8．whale n．鲸 9．dolphin n．海豚 10．shark n．鲨(鱼) 11．kangaroo n．袋鼠 12．eagle n．鹰 13．fox n．狐狸 14．jungle n．(热带)丛林 15．descent n．下降，下落 16．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的 17．barrel n．桶 18．extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度 19．tube n．圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 20．lamp n．灯 21．sledge 　　 n．雪橇 22．ski n．滑雪板 vi.滑雪 23．polar adj.极地的，地极的 24．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆 25．tent n．帐篷 26．brochure n．小册子 27．aftershock n．(地震的)余震 28．metal n．金属 29．skiing n．滑雪运动 30．originality n．独创性；创造力 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．disaster n．灾难；灾祸 2．flood n．洪水，水灾 3．wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物 4．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 5．living adj.活的，活着的 6．soil n．土壤 7．overuse vt.过度使用；滥用 8．wave n.海浪；波涛；(情感的)一阵 9．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 10．float vi.浮；漂 11．soul n．灵魂 12．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 13．attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 14．overseas 　　 adv.在海外，在外国 15．site n．场所，地点 16．process n．过程，进程 17．battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 18．duty n．职责，义务；责任 19．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 20．nearby adv.附近 21．dust n．灰尘；尘埃 22．captain n．上校；队长；组长 23．base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以…… 为基地 24．distant adj.久远的；遥远的 25．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 26．harmless adj.无害的 Ⅱ.单词语境练 27．My dad commented (评论) on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. 28．(2023·浙江1月卷)Initially，I attended a lecture (讲座)on the flower project.The lecturer asked us to write a review on it. 29．(2021·全国乙卷)It's my honour to stand here and address my speech titled (标题为) “Be smart online learners”． 30．(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures (措施) to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River. 31．(2024·浙江1月卷)Hence, private climate (气候) engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 32．Jim sits in front of four computer screens, controlling the equipment that cost $42 million (百万) to install. 33．The government built many shelters (避难所) for the homeless people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 34．The old farmer was very upset because the strong winds caused great damage (损坏) to his crops. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．eruption n．爆发→erupt v．爆发；喷出 2．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人 3．horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n．恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事→horribly adv.害怕地；可怕地；极其 4．disappearance n．消失；消亡→disappear vi.消失；消亡；灭绝→appear vi.出现linking v．看来；似乎 5．equal adj.相等的；相同的；平等的→equally adv.同样地；平等地→equality n．平等 6．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断，打扰；中断时间 7．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；使迷路→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的 8．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．运转；做手术；操作→operator n．接线员；操作者 9．conduct vt.实施；执行；进行vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n．指挥；售票员 10．protection n．保护；防护→protect v．保护；防护→protective adj.保护的；防护的 11．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探索；探究；勘察→exploration n．探索；探究；勘察 12．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare v．准备；预备 13．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的 14．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．使高兴；欢呼n.欢呼声 15．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据 16．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj.不诚实的 17．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv.诚挚地 Ⅱ.词族语境练 18．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations (observe) of different species with the aid of a mobile application. 19．Seeing the frightening scene，the little girl was frightened to death and cried with a frightened expression on her face.(frighten) 20．It is normal for children to be curious about everything.They will ask many questions curiously and we should answer them patiently to meet their curiosity．(curious) 21．People were shocked to hear that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The shocking news shocked all the people around.(shock) 22．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.(die) 23．Yesterday，I climbed to the mountain top to breathe the fresh air.Although I became breathless when I was on the top，the breath of fresh air was worth it.(breath) 24．After the first failure，the twins were so anxious that tears of anxiety rolled down their cheeks.(anxious) 25．The brave boy jumped into the river bravely to save the drowning girl，and we all praised him for his bravery．(brave) 26．Seeing the scary wolf，children were very scared，but some adults managed to scare the beast off.(scare) 27．The meeting room is quite crowded，with a lot of people crowding in it.(crowd) 28．Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors．(survive) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．turn one's back (on sb/sth) 　　　　　　　　　 对……置之不理，对……撒 手不管 2．in the direction of 朝……方向 3．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生 (尤指不好的事) 4．at (a) great speed 高速地 5．be/become curious about 对……感到好奇 6．in the end 最后 7．as a result 结果 16．It was the bright smile on her face that broke down my feeling of embarrassment, so we began talking happily. 17．She looked in the direction of the window，but there was nothing more than the deep darkness. 18．I am wondering whether you can pick him up at the airport at your convenience. 19．He walked into the woods and breathed in slowly and deeply. 20．We finally reached a small hotel but unfortunately，we found our money had run out． 第二组 8．pick up　　　　　 去接(某人);拿起;拾起;捡起 9．breathe in 吸气 10．run out 用完；耗尽 11．on the way to... 在去往……的路上 12．have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难 13．break down 停止运转，出故障 14．make progress 稳步前进；取得进步 15．in the history of 在……的历史进程中 21．With the help of his classmates, Peter got used to the new life and gradually made progress in his studies. 22．(2024·浙江1月卷)As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. 23．(2024·新高考卷)We chatted happily on the way to the airport.I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. 三、句式过关测 1．我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。(as if 引导方式状语从句) I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 2．第一，物体越大，下落越快……(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell... 3．如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。(the reason why...is/was that...) As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision． 4．极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。(全部倒装) Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 5．下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。[have difficulty (in) doing...；非限制性定语从句] The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking． Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．休克；打击；震惊(shocked adj.感到震惊的　shocking adj.令人震惊的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be a shock to... 对……而言是一件震惊的事 ◎in shock 吃惊地，震惊地 ◎be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 ◎be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊 【写作语料】　 ◎be numb with shock惊呆了 ◎point to the distance in shock震惊地指着远方 ◎be shocked to find him badly injured震惊地发现他受了重伤 ◎be shocked by his mean words 被他的刻薄言辞震惊了 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)我震惊地发现，它们变得如此迅速地流行起来，让人们更容易进行短距离旅行。 I was shocked to see how quickly they became popular, making it easier for people to travel short distances. ②我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我这一切都是我的误解。[读后续写之神情描写] I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 vt.被遗忘 vi.(气体、液体等)泄漏 n．逃脱；逃避 【知识归纳】　 ◎escape from 从……逃脱，从……逃跑 ◎escape (doing) sth 避开(做)某事 ◎escape being done sth 逃避(被)做某事 ◎have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生 【写作语料】　 ◎sth (the name/date/title) escapes sb 某人记不起……(名字/日期/名称) ◎escape being punished逃过惩罚 ◎an escape from the boredom of her everyday life从乏味的日常生活中解脱出来 【语境运用】　完成句子/词汇升级 ①最后，我们死里逃生，幸好没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。 At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear. ②While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but I couldn't remember his name, which made me embarrassed. →While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but his name escaped me/my memory, which made me embarrassed. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者　survival n．幸存；生还) 【知识归纳】　 ◎survive on 靠……存活下来 ◎survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 ◎survive from... 从……留存下来 ◎A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……) 【写作语料】　 ◎survive from the Song Dynasty 从宋朝留存下来 ◎survive her husband by five years比她丈夫多活五年 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We will do everything in our power to help those survivors (survive) in the tornado. ②生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中起舞。[读后续写之主旨升华] Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. ③我很想知道他们靠这么微薄的收入是怎么活下来的。 I wonder how they can survive on such poor income． curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的；奇怪的(curiously adv.好奇地　curiosity n．好奇心) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be curious about sth 对……感到好奇 ◎be curious to do sth 好奇地做某事；极想做某事 ◎It is curious that... 奇怪…… ◎with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 ◎out of curiosity 出于好奇 ◎meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 【写作语料】　 ◎explore our surroundings with curiosity充满好奇心地探索我们周围的环境 ◎be always curious to know everything总是想知道一切 ◎be curious about how she would react 想知道她有什么反应 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is good to be curious about the world around us because I think curiosity (curious) is the best teacher. ②出于好奇，我偷偷地透过窗户向办公室内看。 Out of curiosity，I secretly peeped through the window into the office.[读后续写之动作描写] ③(2023·浙江1月卷)我们很想了解周围的植物，因此，为了满足我们的好奇心，我们好奇地探索了高中校园。 We were curious to learn about the plants around us and as a result，to meet/satisfy our curiosity，we explored the senior high campus curiously/with curiosity． equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的 n．同等的人；相等物 linking v．与……相等，等于 vt.比得上(equally adv.同等地；公平地　equality n．平等；相等) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 ◎be equal to (doing) sth 等于/胜任(做)某事 ◎equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 【写作语料】　 ◎be equal to the position胜任这个职务 ◎have no equal in the world举世无双 ◎share the housework equally平均分担家务 【语境运用】　完成句子 首先，在所有申请者中，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是，我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。[应用文之申请信] Firstly，nobody can ①equal me in oral English among all these applicants．What ②is equally important is that, I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I ③am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair. attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图(attempted adj.未遂的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎attempt to do...＝make an attempt to do/at doing... 尝试(试图)做…… ◎at the first attempt 第一次尝试 ◎in an attempt to 企图，试图；努力 【写作语料】　 ◎in an attempt to escape企图逃跑 ◎make an attempt to make out the way back home 试着认清回家的路 ◎attempt to enhance our oral English尝试提高我们的英语口语 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)为了提高我们的绘画技巧，上周我们在公园里举办了一门艺术课。 In an attempt to improve our painting skills, we had an art class in the park last week. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)大卫在中途摔倒了，他试图挣扎着站起来。第一次尝试时他失败了。然而，经过几次尝试，他成功了！ David fell over halfway, but he attempted/made an attempt to struggle to his feet．He failed at the first attempt．However, after several attempts, he made it！ measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 v．(长度等)度量为 n．措施；尺寸，程度 【知识归纳】　 ◎measure...by... 用……来度量…… ◎make...to sb's measure 给某人量身定做…… ◎take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎measure over 100 meters long 100多米长 ◎take effective measures to protect the ocean from pollution采取有效措施阻止海洋被污染 ◎make clothes to my own measure按我自己的尺寸做衣服 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)The school can make custom­sized jump ropes to each student's measure, ensuring a comfortable and efficient skipping experience. ②In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some measuring (measure) over 90 meters in height. ③(2023·北京卷)我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识，才能在不久的将来建成一个绿色的北京。 Only if we take appropriate measures to raise the awareness of environmental protection can we build a green Beijing in the near future. breathe vi.& vt.呼吸，呼气(breath n．呼吸　breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎breathe in/out 　　　　　 吸气/呼气 ◎breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 ◎hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 ◎catch one's breath 喘息；平复呼吸 ◎lose one's breath 喘不过气来 ◎take/draw a deep breath 深呼吸 ◎out of breath 喘不过气来 【写作语料】　 ◎take a deep breath before giving your speech 在演讲前深呼吸 ◎take sb's breath away令某人惊叹 ◎finish reading it in one breath一口气读完它 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①安一路跑到学校，终于上气不接下气地赶到了教室。[读后续写之动作描写] Running all the way to school, Ann made it to her classroom, out of breath/breathless． ②我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后，我屏住呼吸，等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后，我松了一口气。[读后续写之动作链] I took/drew a deep breath，dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.After conducting first aid，I held my breath，waiting for her to become conscious.After observing her breathe normally，I breathed a sigh of relief． anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地(anxious adj.焦急的；焦虑的，担心的；渴望；非常希望　anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，担心；渴望) 【知识归纳】　 ◎be anxious 为……担忧 ◎be anxious to do/that... 渴望做…… ◎with anxiety＝anxiously 焦急地 【写作语料】　 ◎be anxious about/for their children's future为孩子的未来担忧 ◎a wave of anxiety一阵不安 ◎be anxious to learn about your updates急切地想知道你的最新信息 ◎wait anxiously/with anxiety for the arrival of the rescue team 焦急地等待着救援队的到来 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。[读后续写之心理描写] He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety as if he had been sitting on pins and needles. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)到达目的地后，我急切地想好好感谢他令人难以置信的善良。 Having reached the destination，I was anxious to thank him properly for his incredible kindness. ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫渴望参加越野赛，但是他害怕别人嘲笑他，他是如此不安以至于焦急的泪水顺着脸庞流了下来。 David was anxious that he could participate in the cross­country run.But he was scared of being laughed at by others.So anxious was he that tears of anxiety rolled down his cheeks. observe vt.观察，注意；注视；遵守；庆祝；观测 【知识归纳】　 ◎observe sb do sth 注意到某人做某事 ◎observe sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事 ◎observe that... 观察…… 【写作语料】　 ◎observe the Spring Festival 庆祝春节 ◎observe the traditional customs遵从传统习俗 ◎observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 ◎observe the spirit of fair play遵循公平竞争的宗旨 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①人们兴奋地在泰山之巅观看太阳从海上升起。 On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed the sun rising from the sea． ②农历八月十五过中秋节。[应用文之传统文化] The Mid­Autumn Festival is observed on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. ③(新高考Ⅰ卷)双胞胎仔细观察他们的父亲做三明治。 The twins observed their father make some sandwiches closely. run out 用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态) 【知识归纳】　 ◎run out of 用光，用完(主语为人，有被动语态) ◎run across 偶然遇到 ◎run after 追逐；追求 ◎run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) 【写作语料】　 Jane's energy was running out when her husband emerged, making her smile through tears.[读后续写之情绪描写] 简精疲力竭，这时她丈夫的出现让她含着泪笑了。 【语境运用】　完成语段 随着我们继续通过太空探索追求宇宙的奥秘，我们可能会耗尽地球上的资源。然而，我们可能会在外太空偶然发现新的能源和材料。在太空探索过程中我们遇到的挑战，如技术困难和资金限制，可以通过国际合作和创新来克服。 As we continue to ①run after the mysteries of the universe through space exploration, we may ②run out of resources on Earth.However, we could ③run across new sources of energy and materials in outer space.The challenges we ④run into during space exploration, such as technical difficulties and financial constraints, can be overcome through international collaboration and innovation. turn one's back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 【知识归纳】　 ◎turn up 　　　 出现；到场；调高 ◎turn out 结果是；证明是 ◎turn down 关小，调低；拒绝 ◎turn to 转向；求助于 ◎turn in 上交；呈递 【写作语料】　 ◎turn the radio down把收音机音量调低 ◎turn in your homework上交作业 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①我需要他帮助时，他对我置之不理。[读后续写之动作描写] He turned his back on me when I needed his help. ②此外，当你遇到一些感到困惑的问题时，可以毫不犹豫地向我求助。[应用文之告知信] Furthermore, when you meet with some puzzling questions，don't hesitate to turn to me． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨 1．trap A．vt.使困住，留存 B．n.捕捉器 C．n.陷阱 ①The fox got its foot caught in a trap. B ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. C ③(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. A 2．conduct A．vt.引导　B．vi.& vt.指挥　C．vt.传导(热或电等能量)　D．vt.实施，执行　E．vt.表现，举止 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. D ②Most metals can conduct electricity. C ③The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. A ④Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera． B ⑤The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should． E 3．break down A．(机器)出故障　B．(物质)分解　C．(计划)失败　D．(身体)垮掉　E．感情失控(痛哭起来) ①(浙江6月卷)Really，the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble. A ②All our plans broke down because of his opposition. C ③He broke down and wept when he heard the news. E ④If you work hard like that，you will break down one day. D ⑤Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene (聚乙烯)，which accounts for 40% of plastics. B 巧借词根serve推测词义 serve词根：通常与服务、保持有关 本单元：observation　ob­(在前)＋serv(保持)＋­ation(名词词尾)→一再保持→引申为：n.观察，观测 1．(2024·全国甲卷)This area，with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.vt.保护 2．(2022·全国甲卷)Nearly.Last year，I started dating，but with reservations.n.保留意见；怀疑 3．(2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.n.保护 4．(2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada．vt.应得 5．The new policies are designed to subserve the interests of both the environment and the economy.vt.促进，推动 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...“越……，就越……” 【教材原句】　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一， 物体越大，下落越快。 ◎the more...，the better...意为“……越多，……就越好” ◎the more...，the less...意为“越……，越不……” ◎“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化 注意：“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，在主句表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 【写作佳句】　 ①The more time I spent participating in this picking activity, the more I was aware of the significance of work. 我参加采摘活动的时间越长，我就越意识到劳动的重要性。 ②The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. 我们铺设的道路和停车场越多，流入地下变成地下水的水就越少。 ③(2023·全国甲卷)He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country more and more prosperous. 他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革，使他的国家越来越繁荣。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①我读这份英文报纸读得越多，我的英语就越好。所以我真诚地希望你们的报纸越来越好，也希望越来越多的人从中受益。 The more I read the English newspaper，the better my English is.So I sincerely hope that your newspaper will be better and better and more and more people will benefit from it. ②简(Jane)在森林里走得越远，她就越紧张焦虑。[读后续写之心理描写] The further Jane went in the forest，the more nervous and anxious she became. ③她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心冒汗，心跳加速。[读后续写之心理描写] The more she thought about it，the more frightened she felt，her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly. 句式：完全倒装 【教材原句】　Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 【知识归纳】 ◎out, in, into, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。 ◎为强调句子的表语将作表语的介词短语、形容词、分词和系动词提至句首时，句子构成全部倒装，形成“介词短语/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。 【写作佳句】　 ①In front of our school stands a tower which is famous for its long history. 在我们学校的前面立着一座以其悠久的历史而闻名的塔楼。 ②Then came the moment when David crossed the finish line to the thunderous applause and cheers from the crowd.[读后续写之场景描写] 当大卫冲过终点线时，人群中响起雷鸣般的掌声和欢呼声。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①这家大酒店建于1990年。它坐落在南海岸高速公路沿线的海边。 On the seaside along the South Coast Highway sits the grand hotel built in 1990.(倒装句) ②接着传来一个熟悉的声音，这让简欣喜若狂。[读后续写之情感描写] Then came a familiar voice，which made Jane wild with joy. 句式：have difficulty (in) doing sth 【教材原句】　The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. 下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 【知识归纳】 ◎have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难(麻烦)；做某事费劲 ◎have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某方面有困难(麻烦) ◎do sth with/without difficulty/trouble 做某事有/没有困难(麻烦) 【写作佳句】　 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)This allowed her to keep going despite feeling desperate and having difficulty (in) breathing. 这让她在感到绝望和呼吸困难的情况下继续前进。 ②The students have great difficulty with this type of sentences. 学生们在这类句子上有很大的困难。 ③It seems that he always solves problems without difficulty，but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks. 他似乎总是毫不费力地解决问题，但实际上他对他的任务做了充分的准备。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①直到20世纪30年代，旅行者都很难到达这个国家。 Until the 1930s, travelers had difficulty(in) reaching the country． ②不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，你都可以通过大声朗读句子来解决问题。[应用文之建议信] Whether you have difficulty with grammar or have trouble memorizing new words，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud. Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．I was shocked (shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone. 2．The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape being harmed (harm) by the powerful waves. 3．In my opinion，the young man is equal to the job on account of his creativity. 4．To my amazement，our first attempt to develop (develop) a new software was a great success. 5．We must take instant measures (measure) to ensure the safety of the project. 6．With my money running out，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars. 7．To make matters worse，his car broke down at a location where no help was accessible. 8．The more careful you are，the fewer (few) errors you will make. 9．My cousin，who is addicted to computer games，has difficulty concentrating (concentrate) on his academic work. 10．Trapped (trap) in a net around the rock, the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air. 11．Seeing his figure disappearing (disappear) into the thick evergreen forest, I felt relieved. 12．Her daughter was in the passenger seat and looked extremely confused and frightened (frighten). Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)However, while some of her classmates edged ahead, others actually fell behind. vi.徐徐移动 2．(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all­around title，she became the first black woman to do so. n．(竞赛、体育比赛的)冠军 3．The route measured five kilometers，from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain. linking v．(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为 4．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. vi.竞争 5．When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back. vi.大量涌入 6．She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock. n．休克 7．(2022·全国乙卷)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. n．运行；操作 8．He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury. n．赔偿金 9．It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. vt.训斥 10．“I floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，”says Kathryn Whitehead. vt.提出 11．(2022·全国甲卷)Where trial­and­error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. ◎trial“试验”＋and＋error“错误”→trial­and­error n．反复试验，不断摸索 12．(2022·浙江1月卷)The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. ◎down“向下”＋turn“转变”→downturn n．下降，衰退 (一)应用文写作 [日记——探索森林公园] 为促进班级团队建设，增进学科知识在实践中的应用，你校上周日组织学生及教师去探索森林公园，请写一篇日记记录此次综合社会实践活动。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：简要介绍活动的时间和内容 1．上周日，我校学生和老师一起去探索了森林公园。 Last Sunday, we students and our teachers went together to explore the Forest Park. 第二段：详细描述此次活动的过程 2．我们起得很早，7点就出发了。我们毫不费力地在一小时内到达了目的地。 We arose early and started out at 7 am.We had no difficulty in getting to our destination within an hour. 3．在探险之前，我们做了充分的准备。 Before the exploration, we had made full preparations. 4．在去森林公园的路上，我们都很高兴，对周围的一切都很好奇。 On the way to the Forest Park, we were all cheerful and curious about everything around us. 5．在森林公园里，让我们叹为观止的是远处迷雾缭绕的山脉。 In the Forest Park, what took our breath away was the misty mountains in the distance. 第三段：活动感受 6．通过这次探索，我们不仅接近了自然，也缓解了我们的压力。 Through the exploration, not only did we get close to nature, but we also had our stress relieved. [构建语义场——人与自然] 1．自然灾害 ①thunder and lightning雷电交加 ②weather forecast天气预报 ③greenhouse effect温室效应 ④global warming全球变暖 ⑤in ruins成为废墟 ⑥dig out挖掘 ⑦at an end完结，结束 ⑧be shocked at对……感到震惊 ⑨take shelter from躲避 ⑩break down垮掉 ⑪crowd in涌入 ⑫blow down吹倒 2．环境保护 ⑬natural reserve自然保护区 ⑭arouse people's awareness of environmental protection提高人们的环保意识 ⑮protect wildlife保护野生动物 ⑯die out 灭绝 ⑰from bad to worse每况愈下 ⑱in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处 ⑲keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 ⑳endangered species濒危物种 ㉑get close to nature接近自然 ㉒the misty mountains in the distance远处迷雾缭绕的山脉 (二)读后续写 [自然灾害话题＋情感描写之恐惧与绝望] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [人物描写]　ambition；honesty；sincerity；bravery [情感描写]　shock；frightened；horrible；curious；anxiously；cheerful 佳句 1．All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(环境描写) 2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(比喻句) 3．So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(动作描写) 4．Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(环境描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 shout v．大声喊叫　scream v．惊声尖叫　struggle v．挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进　hopeless adj.不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地　threat n．威胁→threaten v．威胁；胁迫　despair n．绝望　desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n．绝望　be thrown into a world of darkness被投入黑暗世界　weep bitter tears of despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕　be seized with overwhelming despair绝望到极点 佳句 1．Trapped in the flood，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face.(无灵主语句) 被困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。 2．I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me. 我感到更加害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。 3．As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually. 随着时间的推移，我能活着的信念逐渐消退。 4．Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.(无灵主语句) 他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。 5．A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely.(无灵主语句) 他完全被绝望吞没了。 6．His heart was torn with despair.他的心因绝望而被撕裂了。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在了一个大水坑中，挣扎着前进，但没有成功，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。更糟糕的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有回应。我正打算放弃，这时我的丈夫乔(Joe)前来营救我。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在泥泞的水中慢慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时，我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，温柔地安慰我。 　　Never ①have I experienced such a hopeless moment in my life.I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs.Stuck in a large puddle，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face (独立主格).What's worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③death was waiting for me (拟人).④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness (分词短语作状语)，I yelled at the top of my lung but no response.I was about to give up ⑤when my husband Joe came to my rescue．He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car.After confirming the safety，we ⑥inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe and sound.⑦Only then did I get rid of my terror (倒装句).Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back，comforting me gently. A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·四川雅安教学质量检测)Wildlife conservation programs are a great way to get involved in the preservation of endangered species, as well as learn how you can help protect them.If you are a wildlife lover, here are some programs you can choose. ●Animal Rescue Project, South Africa You will be working with experienced conservationists in Cape Town.A significant challenge is to find new homes for homeless dogs and cats.The project comprises two sections: a fully equipped animal hospital and an adoption center focusing on securing new homes.Due to limited funding, the center can only afford a small number of permanent staff, relying heavily on wildlife lovers to assist with daily tasks and provide hands­on care for these animals. ●Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka Recent years have witnessed a significant decline in the sea turtle's numbers due to numerous commercial fishing.As a wildlife lover, your role extends to supporting hatcheries (孵化场) in their conservation efforts.Additionally, your involvement helps these hatcheries with funds, as we provide a placement fee for each wildlife lover, enabling them to generate additional income. ●Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia You will be engaged in activities such as animal feeding, cleaning, maintenance, and enrichment.This program provides an incredible opportunity to gain firsthand international work experience.For you, this program is an excellent choice.Not only will you contribute to a noble cause, but it also offers a fantastic opportunity to meet people from around the world. ●Marine Conservation Program, Bali You will be working in Tianyar, where the reef is now in a worsening state.The project was initiated to restore and conserve Tianyar's coral reef, not only to protect its remarkable and delicate ecosystems but also to secure a sustainable future for the residents. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。短文为野生动物爱好者提供了一些可供选择的濒危物种保护项目。 1．What problem does the adoption center meet with? A．Insufficient equipment. B．Insecure surroundings. C．Shortage of shelters. D．Lack of hands. D　[细节理解题。根据Animal Rescue Project, South Africa中的“Due to limited funding, the center can only afford a small number of permanent staff”可知，收养中心面临的问题是缺少员工。故选D项。] 2．Which program will offer financial assistance? A．Animal Rescue Project, South Africa． B．Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka． C．Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia． D．Marine Conservation Program, Bali. B　[细节理解题。根据Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka中的“Additionally, your involvement helps these hatcheries with funds, as we provide a placement fee for each wildlife lover, enabling them to generate additional income.”可知，Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka提供经济援助。故选B项。] 3．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote program cooperation. B．To advocate restoring ecosystems. C．To introduce endangered species protection. D．To encourage engagement in wildlife preservation. D　[写作意图题。根据第一段“Wildlife conservation programs are a great way to get involved in the preservation of endangered species, as well as learn how you can help protect them.If you are a wildlife lover, here are some programs you can choose.”可知，短文的目的是鼓励参与野生动物保护。故选D项。] B (2025·江西省新高三摸底考)Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering.As climate change stands to shift these so­called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes—from many different locations and in different plants—can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue．The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds.When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp，”says the first author Karin Mora, a research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3，000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita．The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase.Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals.From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons.For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts—for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier.How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore, potentially also food security, is still being subject to further research.The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。一个研究小组开发了一种算法，这种算法可以分析来自Flora Incognita应用程序的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。 4．What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A．It can serve as the indicator of weather. B．It can help people to select the best seeds. C．It can show the actual effects of climate change. D．It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“As climate change stands to shift these so­called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes—from many different locations and in different plants—can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change.”可知，物候变化数据的意义在于它能反映气候变化的实际影响。故选C项。] 5．What does the underlined part “this issue”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Collecting data． B．Sorting out species. C．Identifying plants. D．Checking climate change. A　[词句猜测题。根据第二段“However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists.”和画线部分的上文“像Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以帮助解决”可知，文中先提到需要收集大规模的数据，然后提到如Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以帮助解决，由此可知，程序解决的是收集数据的问题，画线部分指代的是收集数据。故选A项。] 6．What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A．Spring is becoming longer and longer. B．All plants have their own growth cycle. C．Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D．Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. B　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase.”可知，研究人员利用新算法得出的结论是，所有植物都有自己的生长周期。故选B项。] 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data． B．How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C．How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D．How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. C　[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中“The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3，000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita．”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员利用新开发的算法分析来自Flora Incognita应用程序中的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。故选C项。] C (2025·鄂豫皖五十三校联考)In a trailblazing new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated—nanoparticles (纳米塑料) are so tiny that they cannot be seen under a microscope. At 1，000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so teeny that they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful synthetic chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say. One liter of water—the equivalent of two standard­size bottled waters—contained an average of 240，000 plastic particles from seven types of plastics, of which 90% were identified as nanoplastics and the rest were microplastics, according to the new study. Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inch (5 millimeters) down to 1/25，000th of an inch (1 micrometer).Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter. In the new study, published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Columbia University presented a new technology that can see, count and analyze the chemical structure of nanoparticles in bottled water. Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the United States to be in between 110，000 and 370，000, if not higher. The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health, said Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies, Bright Futures, an alliance of nonprofits committed to reducing babies' exposures to neurotoxic (毒害神经的) chemicals, who was not involved in the study. “Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures，”said Houlihan in an email. Nanoplastics are the most worrisome type of plastic pollution for human health, experts say.That's because the particles can invade individual cells and tissues in major organs, potentially interrupting cellular processes and depositing endocrine­disrupting (扰乱内分泌的) chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, flame retardants, per­and polyfluorinated substances, or PFAS, and heavy metals. There are things people can do to reduce their exposure to plastics, said Houlihan.“We can avoid consuming foods and beverages in plastic containers.We can wear clothing made from natural fabrics and buy consumer products made from natural materials，”Houlihan said.“We can simply take stock of the plastic in our daily lives and find alternatives whenever feasible.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新研究发现瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料颗粒，这些颗粒非常小，以至于肉眼无法看到，并且它们可能对人体健康造成潜在危害。 8．Where can nanoplastics be found in our body? A．The blood. B．The lung. C．The stomach. D．Almost everywhere. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，纳米塑料非常小，可以通过消化道或肺部的组织进入血液，在身体各处和细胞中分布潜在有害的合成化学物质，几乎可以出现在身体的任何地方，故选D项。] 9．What are the differences between nanoplastics and microplastics? A．Nanoplastics are harmful, while microplastics aren't. B．Nanoplastics exist in bottled waters, while microplastics don't. C．Nanoplastics can migrate through certain tissues, while microplastics can't. D．Nanoplastics are much shorter than microplastics. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inch(5 millimeters) down to 1/25，000th of an inch (1 micrometer).Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter.”可知，纳米塑料比微塑料小得多。故选D项。] 10．Why is Jane Houlihan's statement mentioned? A．To add more background information for the new study. B．To make preparations for the following contents. C．To provide an objective evaluation for the significance of the new study. D．To encourage readers to consistently and enthusiastically focus on the new study. C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“‘Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures，’ said Houlihan in an email.”可知，Jane Houlihan的声明提供了对新研究意义的客观评价，强调了婴儿和幼儿面临的更大风险。故选C项。] 11．What is the structure of the passage? A．Finding→Explanation and analysis→Solutions. B．Finding→Reasons and background→Solutions. C．Finding→Discussion and background→Conclusion. D．Finding→Discussion and reasons→Conclusion. A　[文章结构题。文章首先提出了研究发现瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料；解释了这些纳米塑料的特点和潜在的危害，并分析了这些发现的重要性；最后提出了解决方法，即减少塑料暴露的一些措施。因此，文章的结构是“发现→解释和分析→解决方案”。故选A项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·甘肃张掖模拟) HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF EVERY BOOK YOU READ Reading books can be one of life's greatest pleasures and learning experiences.1( )．Especially if you're reading a book for more than just the pleasure of it, you have to do more than just turn over its pages.Here we will explore actionable ways to maximize the benefits of reading. Set clear goals before reading Understanding why you're reading a book can significantly impact how you approach it.The right goal will help you pay attention to what's most important.If you're reading a book about photography, you may want to pay particular attention to the images.2( )． Make summaries for every chapter After finishing a chapter, take a few minutes to summarize it in your own words.3( )．It also creates a handy reference guide for the future.Summarizing can be a creative process, too.Try using bullet points, mind maps, or one­liners to capture the essence of each chapter. Apply what you've learned 4( )．If a book teaches you a new approach to time management, try implementing it in your daily routine.If a novel provides a moral lesson, reflect on how it applies to your life．This active application ensures that the book leaves a lasting impact. 5( ) The process of reading doesn't end when you turn the last page.Regularly revisiting your notes, summaries, and reflections keeps the material fresh and relevant.Consider setting aside time each month to review previous reads and reflect how they've shaped your thoughts and actions.Not for every book, of course, just for the most impactful ones. A．Repeat reading for deeper insights B．Review and reflect C．You may notice details, themes, or ideas that were hidden during your first reading D．This exercise deepens your understanding and helps identify the central themes and ideas E．So spend some time reflecting on what you hope to achieve and let that guide your reading process F．However, many of us struggle to remember and apply what we've read G．Taking action on what you've read transforms theoretical knowledge into practical wisdom [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何从你读过的每本书中获得最大的收获。 1．F　[空前说明读书是人生最大的乐趣和学习经历之一，空后说明后文就要讲最大化阅读的好处的方法，由此可见，有的人不能很好地从阅读中得到好处，F选项“然而，我们中的许多人都很难记住和应用我们读过的东西”中的However表转折，说明我们中的许多人很难记住和应用我们读过的东西，也就是不能从阅读中得到最大的好处，故选F。] 2．E　[小标题说明本段主要讲的是阅读前要设定明确的目标，空格处应该是和设定目标有关，E选项“所以，花点时间思考你希望达到的目标，并让它指导你的阅读过程”，和小标题一致，故选E。] 3．D　[空前说明读完一章后要花几分钟用自己的话总结一下，空格处应该说明这么做的好处，D选项“这个练习加深你的理解，帮助你确定中心主题和思想”承接上文，故选D。] 4．G　[小标题说明本段讲的是要把读到的东西加以应用，空格处应该和应用读到的东西有关，G选项“运用你读过的东西，可以将理论知识转化为实践智慧”说明了应用读过的东西，和小标题一致，故选G。] 5．B　[空格处是本段小标题，本段主要讲的是要回顾和反思，B选项“回顾和反思”概括了本段主要内容，故选B。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) 　　At one time, our growing population was seen as a center for wildlife extinction, resource exhaustion，pollution and environmental destruction.But today, our concerns shift to declining birth rates due to increased reproductive choice for women. This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis”in the media, highlighting economic and senior care challenges.Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society, which is the result of people living healthier and longer lives, and common­sense realities like the reduced need for infrastructure (基础设施) and lower ecological impacts.Also lost is the fact that our population still grows by 80 million people every year. And the consequences of high birth rates are severe.Among them is global warming.In fact，increased emissions (排放物) from population growth have canceled out more than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades. Yet, no matter how well documented the link is between population and climate, lowering our population is notably absent from the conversation on solutions.Instead, the focus is on technology that will supposedly allow our entire growing population to enjoy the energy­intensive lifestyles now enjoyed by the rich, and with no climate impacts. But “green”technology is not the solution it is advertised to be.Its expansion to the degree needed to power a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil (化石) fuels.It also requires massive mining operations，many of which take place on the backs of low­wage workers in Africa where it is driving the destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of the great apes.Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fossil fuel plants for the same amount of energy generated. When global warming threatens to push billions into unsafe temperatures, it is no time to panic that we are adding fewer to those billions.In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。文章从人们对老龄化社会的好处的忽略，高出生率带来的问题以及对“绿色”技术的质疑这几方面，告诉我们低出生率代表着在性别平等方面的进步，并且会减轻地球负担，是值得庆祝的。 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．The global population is decreasing every year. B．The benefits of an aging society are overlooked. C．The ecological environment is turning for the better. D．The media make up misleading news about the population. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society...lower ecological impacts”可知，在沟通中，老龄化社会的许多积极方面没有被提到，也就是说，人们忽视了老龄化社会的好处，故选B。B项中的overlooked与文中的Lost是同义转换。A项“全球人口每年都在减少”；B项“老龄化社会的好处被忽视了”；C项“生态环境正在好转”；D项“媒体编造了关于人口的误导性新闻”。] 2．What is highlighted as a disadvantage of high birth rates? A．The reduced infrastructure need. B．Challenges in senior care services. C．A slowdown in economic growth. D．Increased greenhouse gas emissions. D　[细节理解题。根据题干中的“high birth rates”可以将答案定位在第三段。根据该段中的“Among them is global warming.In fact，increased emissions(排放)from population growth have canceled out...past three decades”可知，全球变暖是高出生率的严重后果之一，在过去三十年中，人口增长造成的排放量增加已经抵消了通过能源效率和可再生能源所节省的排放量的四分之三以上。也就是说温室气体排放增加。故选D。] 3．Why is “green”technology questioned in the text? A．It does damage to the ecosystem. B．It is not popular around the world. C．It is unaffordable for poor regions. D．It has little effect on reducing pollution. A　[细节理解题。根据题干中的“‘green’technology”可以将答案定位在倒数第二段。根据该段中的“It also requires massive mining operations...in Africa where it is driving the destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of the great apes”可知，它(“绿色”科技)还需要大规模的采矿作业，其中许多是依靠非洲的低薪工人进行的，而它导致那里对类人猿的生存至关重要的热带雨林的破坏。也就是说所谓的“绿色”科技对生态系统造成了损害。故选A。A项中的“does damage”与原文中的“driving destruction”是同义转换。] 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Aging Societies: A Global Crisis B．The Mystery of “Green”Technology C．The Trend of Population Growth D．Declining Birth Rates: A Hopeful Sign D　[标题归纳题。文章第一段引入人们对出生率下降的担忧，第二段介绍了老龄化社会被忽视的好处，第三段谈到高出生率所带来的严重后果之一——温室气体排放增加，第四段引入“绿色”科技这一话题，第五段介绍了“绿色”科技的弊端，最后一段总结并回扣第一段，点明了出生率下降值得庆祝。故D项作为标题最佳。A项“老龄化社会：全球危机”；B项“‘绿色’科技的奥秘”；C项“人口增长趋势”；D项“下降的出生率：一个有希望的迹象”。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·浙江培优联盟仿真卷)I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs.However, none of my co­workers could 1 time for me.I got cold feet of anxiety about 2 the streets by myself at night alone. But in my hotel room I felt 3 and bored.The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel.How could I get lost? Hence, I decided to 4 it.I gathered my room key and set off.I managed to find the street of the theatre but stopped in shock.The street was full of bikers—lots of very big, 5 bikers. Now I was a woman all alone at night.Warning bells began to sound and my heart 6 in my throat.Was I at the right theatre? Had I 7 the date of the event? I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre.I hurried into the theatre.As I sat there, heart racing, 8 the film, I muttered a prayer to 9 my anxieties.A local blues­rock band was the opening 10 and their performance drew my attention.Enthusiasm for the band's performance soon 11 all my worries from my mind and I began to relax. After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff.Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted (护送) dogs from New Jersey to Chicago.At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many originally 12 folks to the same spot.I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the 13 I used to set for myself and ventured into (冒险进入) the 14 ．To my amazement, the 15 was one of the best nights of my life. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者独自夜晚去看电影的经历。 1． A．occupy B．squeeze C．search D．appoint B　[根据下文“by myself”可知，没有一个同事能挤出时间陪我。故选B项。] 2． A．exploring B．checking C．sweeping D．missing A　[根据下文“by myself at night alone”可知，我害怕晚上一个人在街上探险。故选A项。] 3． A．graceless B．careless C．restless D．tireless C　[根据下文“bored”可知，作者坐立不安。故选C项。] 4． A．brave B．discard C．forget D．attend A　[根据下文“I gathered my room key and set off.”可知，作者决定勇敢面对。故选A项。brave，“勇敢地面对”。] 5． A．well­educated B．good­looking C．well­behaved D．tough­looking D　[根据上文“lots of very big”以及“I got cold feet of anxiety”可知，有些人给人的印象是看起来很凶。故选D项。] 6． A．soaked B．sank C．stopped D．jumped D　[根据上文“Warning bells began to sound”可知，我害怕的心都跳到嗓子眼儿了。故选D项。] 7． A．misled B．misread C．estimated D．emphasized B　[根据上文“Was I at the right theatre？”可知，这些都是我的疑问。我怀疑自己是否看错了日期。故选B项。] 8． A．accomplishing B．stimulating C．anticipating D．constructing C　[根据上文“As I sat there, heart racing”可知，作者期待着电影。故选C项。] 9． A．contain B．comfort C．strengthen D．tighten A　[根据上文“I muttered a prayer”可知，我低声祈祷，以抑制我的焦虑。故选A项。] 10．A．option B．act C．side D．court B　[根据下文“their performance drew my attention”可知，开场表演是一个当地的蓝调摇滚乐队，故选B项。] 11．A．took away B．picked up C．touched off D．tore down A　[根据下文“I began to relax”可知，乐队表演的热情很快带走了我所有的烦恼。故选A项。] 12．A．natural B．cooperative C．distinct D．similar C　[根据下文“the same spot”可知，不同的人聚到同一个地方。故选C项。] 13．A．definition B．imagination C．circulation D．boundary D　[根据上文“Hence, I decided to it.I gathered my room key and set off.”可知，我很高兴我突破了过去为自己设定的界限。故选D项。] 14．A．interpersonal B．unimportant C．unknown D．interactive C　[根据上文“ the streets by myself at night alone.”可知，我进入了未知的世界，进行了探索。故选C项。] 15．A．soulmate B．reward C．spirit D．talent B　[根据上文“overjoyed that I broke out of the I used to set for myself and ventured into (冒险进入) the ”可知，对我来说是个奖励。故选B项。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·内蒙古第一次联考)With its striking coloration, the giant panda is an instantly recognizable species.A 1 (hand) of giant pandas that aren't black­and­white, however, do exist.These exceptional creatures with brown­and­white fur inhabit a single mountain range in China． The first brown panda 2 (know) to science was a female named Dandan.A local ranger found the sick bear in Foping County in Shaanxi Province's Qinling Mountains in March 1985.The panda 3 (hold)in captivity (圈养) until her death in 2000. Since Dandan's discovery decades ago, there have been 11 reported sightings documented through official news sources or personal 4 (account). A better understanding of this unique coloration could help inform the brown­and­white pandas in captivity.To understand 5 lies behind the trait (特征), researchers studied Qizai, a male brown panda rescued as a cub in 2009 from Foping National Nature Reserve in Hanzhong.He is 6 (current) the only brown panda in captivity. Through strict genetic studies conducted on pandas both in 7 wild and in captivity, researchers found that pandas with brown­and­white coats are the result of natural variation, rather 8 a sign of inbreeding (近亲繁殖) in a decreasing population. The discovery of the study not only sheds light on the genetic mystery of these pandas, but also offers hope for future conservation efforts．By deepening our understanding of their unique coloration, scientists are eager 9 (apply) this knowledge to conservation strategies and potential breeding programs aimed at 10 (preserve) this rare genetic trait. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于大熊猫中一个特殊群体——棕白大熊猫的发现、研究以及这一发现对保护工作的潜在意义。 1．handful　[考查固定短语。固定短语a handful of，意为“少数的”。故填handful。] 2．known　[考查非谓语动词。科学界已知的第一只棕色大熊猫是雌性大熊猫丹丹。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“panda”和动词“know”之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填known。] 3．was held　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2000”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the panda”，单数，和动词“hold”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was held。] 4．accounts　[考查名词的数。自几十年前丹丹被发现以来，已有11起通过官方新闻来源或个人报道记录的目击事件。根据句意以及上文的“sources”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填accounts。] 5．what　[考查宾语从句。为了解这一特征背后的原因，研究人员研究了七仔。这里为宾语从句的连接词，宾语从句中缺少主语，指物，用连接词what引导宾语从句。故填what。] 6．currently　[考查副词。他目前是唯一一只被圈养的棕色大熊猫。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式担当本句的状语。故填currently。] 7．the　[考查冠词。修饰“wild”用定冠词“the”，构成固定搭配in the wild，意为“在野外”。故填the。] 8．than　[考查固定短语。研究人员发现，棕白大熊猫是自然变异的结果，而不是数量减少的种群中近亲繁殖的迹象。固定搭配rather than，意为“而不是”。故填than。] 9．to apply　[考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be eager to do...，意为“渴望做某事”。故填to apply。] 10．preserving　[考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词担当介词的宾语，用动名词。故填preserving。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $