必修第一册 UNIT 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版）

任务(一)　单词背诵 重 点 词 汇 1．badminton 　 n.羽毛球 2．golf n.高尔夫 3．gymnastics n.体操 4．bowling n.保龄球 5．stair n.楼梯；梯级 6．court n.(网球等的)球场 7．underdog n.处于劣势的人(队)；弱方 8．shot n.投球，击球 9．bench n.替补队员席 10．boxing n.拳击(运动) 11．bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹 12．belt n.腰带，皮带 13．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的 14．warm­up n.热身运动，准备活动 15．halfway adv.半途地 16．immune　 　　 adj.免疫的；有免疫力的 17．membership n.会员身份 18．upper adj.较上的，上面的 19．oxygen n.氧 20．guideline n.指导方针，指导原则 21．click vi.& vt.点击(鼠标) 22．principle n.原则，基本的观念 23．shortcut n.捷径，近路 24．overnight adv.突然，一下子 25．bone n.骨头，骨 26．overdo vt.把……做得过火 27．overtake vt.超过 28．sportsmanship n.体育精神 29．bronze n.铜 写 作 词 汇 1．a great athlete 一名伟大的运动员 2．go jogging 去慢跑 3．a balanced diet 均衡饮食 4．within ten minutes 在十分钟之内 5．defeat an enemy 打败敌人 6．a big guy大个子男人 7．a former Olympic champion 前奥运会冠军 8．have a strong desire to play for the team 有为球队效力的强烈愿望 9．crash the car into a wall汽车撞到墙上 10．gather in the main square聚集在主广场上 11．rush onto the court 冲向球场 12．clap your hands 拍手 13．earn your place on the team在队中赢得一席之地 14．a large audience 很多观众 15．bitten by the dog 被狗咬了 16．quit smoking 戒烟 17．the British educational system英国的教育制度 18．an annual meeting 年会 19．a weekly newspaper 周报 20．an awkward silence 令人尴尬的沉默 21．prevent diseases 预防疾病 22．an ache in my heart我心中的隐痛 23．a large amount of money 大量的资金 24．a neck muscle颈部肌肉 25．all the sweat and hard work所有的汗水和辛苦的付出 26．with the finish line in sight看见终点线 27．the gold medal 金牌 28．a graceful gesture优雅的姿态 拓 展 词 汇 1． frequency n.　　 发生的频率，发生率 frequent adj. 频繁的；时常发生的 frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地 2． prefer vt. 更喜欢 preference n. 偏爱，倾向；优先权 3． cycle vi. 骑自行车 cyclist n. 骑自行车者，自行车运动员 4． balanced adj. 均衡的 balance n.& v. 平衡；权衡 5． regularly adv. 经常；定期地 regular adj. 经常的；规则的 irregular adj. 不规则的 6． replacement n. 替换的人(物) replace vt. 把……放回原处；取代，替换 7． sharply adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地；急剧地 sharp adj. 急剧的；锋利的；强烈的 sharpen vt. (使)变得锋利/清晰 8． energy n. 力量，活力 energetic adj. 精力充沛的 energetically adv. 精力充沛地 9． crowd n. 人群 v. 挤满；塞满；靠近 crowded adj. 拥挤的 10．announcement n. 通告，公告 announce vt. 宣布；通告 announcer n. 宣告者；播音员 11．defence n. 防守队员，后卫 defend vi.& vt. 保护；保卫 defensive adj. 防御(性)的；防守的 12．remind vt. 使(某人)想起，提醒 reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒者；提醒物 13．prohibit vt. 禁止 prohibition n. 禁止 14．occupy vt. 占用，占去(时间) occupied adj. (人)无暇；忙碌；(物)在使用中；已占用的；无空闲的 occupation n. 职业；占领 15．disappointment n. 失望；扫兴；沮丧 disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 16．amazingly adv. 惊人地，了不起地 amazing adj. 令人惊奇的 amazed adj. 大为惊奇的；惊讶的 amazement n. 惊奇，惊愕 amaze vt. 使大为吃惊；使感到惊愕 17．relieve vt. 减轻，缓解 relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰 18．strengthen vi.& vt. (使)强健 strength n. 力气；强项 strong adj. 强壮的 19．particular n. 尤其，特别 adj. 特定的 particularly adv. 尤其，特别 20．benefit n. 好处，益处 beneficial adj. 有好处的，有益的 21．equipment n. 设备，装备 equip v. (过去式/过去分词：equipped) 配备 22．detail n. 细节 detailed adj. 详细的；精细的 23．achievable adj. 可完成的；做得成的 achieve vt. 实现，获得 achievement n. 成就 24．satisfaction n. 满足，满意 satisfy vt. 使满意；满足 satisfying/satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 satisfied adj. 感到满意的 25．response n. 回答，回复 respond vi.& vt. 回答，回复 26．flexibility n. 灵活性 flexible adj. 灵活的 inflexible adj. 不灵活的 教 材 外 课 标 词 汇 1．applaud /ə'plɔːd/ vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏 2．arch /ɑːtʃ/ vt.& vi.呈弧形横跨；(使) 成弓形 n.拱；拱形结构；拱门 3．arrow /'ærəʊ/ n.箭；箭头 4．attack /ə'tæk/ n.& vi.& vt.攻击；抨击 5．bacon /'beɪkən/ n.熏猪肉；咸肉 6．bark /bɑːk/ vi.& n.(狗) 吠叫 7．bat /bæt/ n.球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打 8．BC (＝before Christ) 公元前 9．bean curd /'biːn kɜːd/ n.(＝tofu) 豆腐 10．beard /bɪəd/ n.胡须；络腮胡子 11．bet /bet/ n.打赌；赌注 vi.& vt.下赌注；用……打赌 vt.敢说 12．botanical /bə'tænɪkl/ adj.植物学的 一词多义 1．skateboard ①n.滑板 ②vi.用滑板滑行 2．net ①n.(网球等的)球网；网；因特网 ② adj.纯的；净的 3．pack ①n.绷带，敷布；包，包裹 ②vi.& vt.把……包起来 4．tip ①n.建议，忠告，窍门；小费；实用的提示；尖端 ②vt.付小费；倾倒；使倾斜 5．flow ①vi.流，流动 ②n.流动 6．extra ① adj.额外的，另外的 ②n.额外的事物 7．defeat ①vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败 ②n.失败 8．track ①n.足迹；轨迹；小路，小径；跑道；径赛运动 ②vt.跟踪；追踪 9．crowd ①n.人群；一群人；民众 ②vt.& vi.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子)；聚集；涌向 10．sight ①n.视觉；名胜，景点；视野；情景 ②vt.看见 熟词生义 1．case [常见义]n.状况，场合；事例，实例→[生僻义]n.病例；案件 2．company [常见义]n.公司；一群人→[生僻义]n.陪伴，做伴 词源猜义 1．athlete　athl (比赛)＋ete→参与比赛的人→引申为：n.运动员 2．champion　camp(战斗)＋ion(名词词缀)→战斗中的胜利者→引申为：n.冠军；捍卫者 3．audience　audi(听)＋ence(名词词缀)→倾听的人→引申为：n.观众，听众 4．awkward awk(错误方向)＋ward(向)→往错误方向走去→引申为： adj.尴尬的，不灵活的 5．capable　cap(拿，握住)＋able(形容词词缀)→能拿住；能握住→引申为： adj.能干的，能胜任的 6．prevent　pre(在前)＋vent(来)→在事情发生之前阻止→引申为：vt.预防，阻止 7．disease　dis(否定)＋ease(舒适)→失去舒适状态→引申为：n.疾病 8．principle　prin(第一)＋cip(抓住)＋le(名词词缀)→首要的原则→引申为：n.原则，信条 任务(二)　短语、句式、语篇背诵 Ⅰ.短语巧学助记 1．rather than　　 　 而不是 2．in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳 3．crash into 猛撞，猛击 4．gather around 聚集 5．not...anymore 不再…… 6．keep up with 跟上，保持同步 7．in case 以防万一 8．sign up 报名 9．ought to 应该，应当 10．in particular　　　 　 尤其，特别 11．be capable of 有能力做 12．make sure 确保 13．take advantage of sth 利用某物 14．try out for sth 参加……选拔 15．let sb down 使失望；辜负(别人的信任或期望) 16．pay off 取得成功；奏效 17．cheer up ①(使)高兴起来 ②(使)振作起来 18．be fed up with ①厌烦的，不满的 ②无法再忍受的 Ⅱ.句式遮挡背诵 1．This is all because I exercise quite regularly.(This is because...) 2．Bogues was only 1．6 metres tall，which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA．(which引导非限制性定语从句) 3．“Well，”said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder，“you've just earned your place on the team，big guy！”(动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位) 4．And don't drink too much while running，or it'll make you feel sick.(or连接并列分句) 5．There is also no better way to know yourself and to see what you are capable of.(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级) 6．There will be times when you want to give up.(There will be times when...) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．这都是因为我经常锻炼。 2．博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。 3．“嗯，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’！” 4．跑步时不要喝太多水，否则会让你感到不舒服。 5．也没有更好的方法来了解你自己，看看你能做到哪一步。 6．有时候你会想放弃。 Ⅲ.语篇词汇串记 　　I prefer to play outdoor sports，such as golf，cycling，and jogging rather than do sports in the gym，such as badminton，gymnastics and bowling．Among all the sports，jogging in particular has many benefits．Firstly，you don't need a gym membership or any equipment.Besides，it is not a competitive sport，so you needn't worry about crashing into others and even the old are capable of doing it.Not only does jogging help to strengthen your immune system and muscles but it also can prevent diseases．What's more，jogging can help relieve your stress and reduce your blood pressure，with more oxygen flowing in your heart. However，I must remind you that you'd better not have a strong desire to lose weight by jogging overnight．Perhaps one day you may be fed up with jogging and you may quit halfway in disappointment．There is no shortcut，so you ought to make an achievable goal.Make sure you take a proper amount of exercise regularly and have a balanced diet，and you will be in good shape．I have been jogging every morning for 5 years and to my satisfaction，my sweat pays off.You can see me bouncing on the stairs as if I had endless energy．Just last month，I signed up for the annual sports meeting of our company.Amazingly，I was the first to cross the finish line in three races.When all the audience stood up and clapped their hands for me，I was so amazed to be a champion who had won a gold medal． [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 我更喜欢户外运动，比如高尔夫球、骑自行车和慢跑，而不是在体育馆运动，比如羽毛球、体操和保龄球。在所有的运动中，慢跑尤其有许多好处。首先，你不需要健身房会员或任何设备。此外，它不是一项竞技运动，所以你不必担心撞到别人，甚至老年人也有能力慢跑。慢跑不仅有助于增强你的免疫系统和肌肉，还可以预防疾病。更重要的是，慢跑可以缓解压力，降低血压，让更多的氧气在心脏流动。 然而，我必须提醒你，你最好不要有强烈的愿望通过慢跑一夜减肥。也许有一天你会厌倦慢跑，你会失望地中途放弃。没有捷径，所以你应该制定一个可以实现的目标。确保你有规律地进行适量的运动，保持均衡的饮食，你就会保持良好的健康状态。5年来，我每天早上都慢跑，令我满意的是，我的汗水得到了回报。我可以在楼梯上蹦蹦跳跳，好像有无穷的能量。就在上个月，我报名参加了我们公司的年度运动会。令人惊讶的是，我在三场比赛中都是第一个冲过终点线的。当所有的观众都站起来为我鼓掌时，我很惊讶自己是一个赢得金牌的冠军。 任务(三)　背诵过关测＋练 一、单词过关测＋练 阅读词汇知其意 1．badminton　 n.羽毛球 2．golf n.高尔夫 3．gymnastics n.体操 4．bowling n.保龄球 5．skateboard n.滑板 vi.用滑板滑行 6．stair n.楼梯；梯级 7．sportsmanship n.体育精神 8．court n.(网球等的)球场 9．underdog n.处于劣势的人(队)；弱方 10．shot n.投球，击球 11．bench n.替补队员席 12．boxing n.拳击(运动) 13．bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹 14．belt n.腰带，皮带 15．annual　　　 adj.一年一度的，每年的 16．warm­up n.热身运动，准备活动 17．halfway adv.半途地 18．membership n.会员身份 19．upper adj.较上的，上面的 20．oxygen n.氧 21．guideline n.指导方针，指导原则 22．click vi.& vt.点击(鼠标) 23．principle n.原则，基本的观念 24．shortcut n.捷径，近路 25．overnight adv.突然，一下子 26．bone n.骨头，骨 27．overdo vt.把……做得过火 28．overtake vt.超过 核心词汇写其形 Ⅰ.单词默写检测 1．athlete　 n.运动员 2．track n.跑道 3．jog vi.& n.慢跑 4．within prep.在……之内 5．defeat vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败 6．guy n.(非正式)男人，家伙 7．champion n.冠军，第一名 8．desire n.渴望 9．crash vi.& vt.猛撞 10．pack n.包，包裹 vi.& vt.把……包起来 11．onto prep.到……上，向……上 12．extra 　 adj.额外的，另外的 13．clap vi.& vt.鼓掌，拍手 14．audience n.观众；听众 15．bite vi.& vt.咬 16．case n.状况，场合；事例，实例 17．tip n.建议，忠告，窍门 18．system n.系统 19．weekly adj.一周一次的，每周的 20．capable adj.能干的；能力强的 21．flow vi.流，流动 n.流动 22．disease n.疾病 23．earn vt.赢得；博得 Ⅱ.单词语境练 24．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a short while, in the company (陪伴) of my classmates, I appeared at the award presentation and immediately became the focus in the big hall. 25．His coach reminded (提醒) him to do some warm­ups in case he should hurt himself during the race. 26．(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet (饮食) is slowly declining. 27．After what seemed like centuries, I finally saw he showed up with his forehead sweating (出汗) heavily. 28．(新高考Ⅰ卷)The moved mother gathered (聚集) them in her arms，and the glittering tears failed her. 29．It was an awkward (令人尴尬的) moment when the mayor bit the gold medal without the champion's permission. 30．It was with great determination that my father quit/quitted (停止) smoking—a 20­year habit. 31．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point”in history and must act now to prevent (阻止) an extinction­level event for humanity. 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅰ.词族拓展检测 1．frequency n.发生的频率，发生率→frequent adj.频繁的；时常发生的→frequently adv.频繁地，经常地 2．cycle vi.骑自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车者，自行车运动员 3．regularly adv.经常；定期地→regular adj.经常的；规则的→irregular adj.不规则的 4．replacement n.替换的人(物)→replace vt.把……放回原处；取代，替换 5．sharply adv.严厉地，毫不客气地；急剧地→sharp adj.急剧的；锋利的；强烈的→sharpen vt.(使)变得锋利/清晰 6．energy n.力量，活力→energetic adj.精力充沛的→energetically adv.精力充沛地 7．defence n.防守队员，后卫→defend vi.& vt.保护；保卫→defensive adj.防御(性)的；防守的 8.remind vt.使(某人)想起，提醒→reminder n.引起回忆的事物；提醒者；提醒物 9．prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n.禁止 10．application n.申请书；申请；应用→apply vi.申请；请求 vt.应用；涂；敷→applicant n.申请人 11．strengthen vi.& vt.(使)强健→strength n.力气；强项→strong adj.强壮的 12．particular n.尤其，特别 adj.特定的→particularly adv.尤其，特别 13．detail n.细节→detailed adj.详细的；精细的 14．achievable adj.可完成的；做得成的→achieve vt.实现，获得→achievement n.成就 15．response n.回答，回复→respond v.回答，回复 16．flexibility n.灵活性→flexible adj.灵活的→inflexible adj.不灵活的 拓展词汇通其变 Ⅱ.词族语境练 17．To my amazement，the amazing news amazed the family but their neighbours were not amazed at all.(amaze) 18．What disappointed me was not the disappointing result of the match.It was your disappointed look that gave me a stronger sense of disappointment．(disappoint) 19．Knowing that the medicine has relieved his mother's pain，he sighs in relief．(relieve) 20．Crowds of students crowded into the gym to see the basketball match.Soon I became breathless in the crowded place.(crowd) 21．In our daily life, we should have a balanced diet.What's more, we should keep a balance between work and relaxation for the benefit of our health.(balance) 22．Listening to his inspiring speech, we were inspired to make great efforts.It gave us not only hope but also inspiration．(inspire) 23．He occupies an important position in a company, and is occupied with all kinds of activities, so his occupation brings him great fame and fortune.(occupy) 24．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip) 25．To the satisfaction of the manager, his satisfying products could satisfy the needs of the customers.(satisfy) 26．You will certainly benefit from taking proper exercise.Besides，having a balanced diet will also be beneficial．(benefit) 27．When the announcer was announcing the final result of the contest，we all held our breath to listen to the announcement．(announce) 二、短语过关测＋练 短语翻译 短语语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 第一组 1．rather than　 而不是 2．in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳 3．try out for sth 参加……选拔 4．crash into 猛撞，猛击 5．gather around 聚集 6．not...anymore 不再…… 7．let sb down 使失望；辜负(别人的信任或 期望) 8．pay off 取得成功；奏效 第二组 9．keep up with 跟上，保持同步 10．in case 以防万一 11．sign up 报名 12．cheer up (使)高兴起来；(使)振作起来 13．be fed up with 厌烦的,不满的;无法再忍受的 14．in particular 尤其，特别 15．be capable of 有能力做 16．make sure 确保 17．take advantage of sth 利用某物 18．While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school basketball team, but he was refused to play at first because he was too small. 19．No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my best friend who cheers me up． 20．She is fed up with the boring life and decides to experience something new in the countryside. 21．I believe your efforts will pay off and you will make it sooner or later. 22．To stay in good shape, we should set aside some time to work out regularly in the fitness club. 23．You'd better behave properly, minding your table manners in particular． 24．You must remind him to take his medicine in case he forgets. 25．The world has been developing very fast, and every country must keep up with the times. 三、句式过关测 1．这都是因为我经常锻炼。(This is because...) This is all because I exercise quite regularly. 2．博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。(which引导非限制性定语从句) Bogues was only 1．6 metres tall，which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA． 3．“嗯，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’！”(动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位) “Well，”said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder，“you've just earned your place on the team，big guy！” 4．跑步时不要喝太多水，否则会让你感到不舒服。(or连接并列分句) And don't drink too much while running，or it'll make you feel sick． 5．也没有更好的方法来了解你自己，看看你能做到哪一步。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级) There is also no better way to know yourself and to see what you are capable of. 6．有时候你会想放弃。(There will be times when...) There will be times when you want to give up. Part 1　核心词汇——学搭配 prefer vt.(preferred，preferred，preferring) 更喜欢 (preference n.偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物) 【知识归纳】　 ◎prefer doing/to do sth 更喜欢做某事 ◎“宁愿做……，而不愿做……”的表达方式： prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth rather than do sth would do sth rather than do sth would rather do sth than do sth ◎have a preference for 对……偏爱 【写作语料】　 ◎prefer face­to­face communication更喜欢面对面交流 ◎prefer jogging in the mornings 喜欢早上慢跑 ◎have a preference for traditional Chinese culture喜欢中国传统文化 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I'm more than delighted to know you have a preference (prefer) for Chinese dishes and would like to prepare one course for yourself. ②(2024·新高考卷)比起在教室里作画，我更喜欢在户外画画，因为自然风光激发了我的创造力。 →I prefer painting outdoors to working in the classroom because the natural scenery inspires my creativity. →I prefer to paint outdoors rather than work in the classroom because the natural scenery inspires my creativity. →I would rather paint outdoors than work in the classroom because the natural scenery inspires my creativity. balanced adj.均衡的 (balance n.& v.平衡；权衡) 【知识归纳】　 ◎keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡 ◎keep a balance between...and... 保持……与……的平衡 ◎balance...against... 在……与……之间权衡 ◎balance...with/and... 在……与……之间保持平衡 【写作语料】　 ◎maintain a balanced lifestyle 保持均衡的生活方式 ◎keep a balance between study and relaxation在学习与放松之间保持平衡 ◎keep the balance of nature保持自然的平衡 ◎hold onto the rail to keep her balance抓着栏杆来保持平衡 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It would be a good idea if you could keep a balanced (balance) diet to keep physically healthy.[应用文之建议信] ②为了更有效地学习，你最好在线上学习和线下学习之间保持平衡。 To study more efficiently，you'd better keep a balance between online learning and offline learning． ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)权衡利弊之后，大卫擦掉眼泪，挣扎着站起来，向起跑线走去，嘴角露出轻松的微笑。 After balancing/he balanced the advantages against the disadvantages，David wiped away the tears，struggled to his feet and made his way to the starting line，a relaxed smile appearing at the corners of his mouth. desire n.渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望；要求 【知识归纳】　 ◎desire to do sth 渴望做某事 ◎desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 ◎have a (strong) desire to do sth (强烈)渴望做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎express my desire to be a volunteer表达我想成为一名志愿者的愿望 ◎desire their father to tell them how to make sandwiches想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治 ◎have a strong desire for a better life渴望更好的生活 ◎have no desire to talk with you没兴致跟你聊天 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)我们希望学校能组织更多这样的活动，这不仅可以消除我们巨大的学习压力，也可以开阔我们的视野。 We desire that our school (should) organise more activities like this，which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons. ②(2022·天津6月卷)如果你渴望用英语自如地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。 →If you strongly desire to communicate with foreigners in English freely, I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire v.) →If you have a strong desire to communicate with foreigners in English freely, I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire n.) case n.状况，场合；事例，实例；事件；情况；案件；箱 【知识归纳】　 ◎in case 假使；以防(万一) (引导状语从句) ◎in case of... 假如……；万一……(后跟名词等) ◎in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话 ◎in any case 不管怎样；无论如何 ◎in no case 决不(置于句首句子部分倒装) ◎as is often the case 通常情况下 【写作语料】　 ◎take an umbrella just in case of rain带把伞以防下雨 ◎in case you should need any help万一你需要帮助 【语境运用】　完成语段 在期末考试前，我们学生会感到非常紧张，这是常有的事。我的建议如下：首先，在任何情况下你都不应该半途而废。此外，你最好喝一杯热牛奶，以防你晚上难以入睡。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，为什么不把笔记和课本放在手边，以防忘记一些知识点呢？[应用文之建议信] ①As is often the case, we students feel very nervous before the end­of­term examination.My tips are as follows.Firstly，②in no case should you quit studying halfway.Besides, you'd better drink a cup of hot milk ③in case you have difficulty sleeping at night.Last but not least, why not keep your notes and textbooks on hand ④in case of some forgotten knowledge points？ occupy vt.占领；使用，占用；占去(时间)；使忙于(occupied adj.忙于；已占用的；无空闲的 occupation n.工作；职业；占领) 【知识归纳】　 ◎occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth 忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 ◎be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 ◎be occupied with sth 忙于某事 【写作语料】　 ◎occupy most of my time 占据我大部分时间 ◎occupy himself with an important experiment忙于一个非常重要的实验 ◎be occupied with the breakfast忙着做早餐 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Ultimately，you must state your full name，age and occupation (occupy) in your application form. ②(新高考Ⅰ卷)Because they were occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around. →Occupying themselves in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(现在分词短语作状语) →Occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(过去分词短语作状语) particular n.特别，尤其 adj.特别的；特定的；讲究的；挑剔的(particularly adv.尤其，特别) 【知识归纳】　 ◎in particular(＝particularly) 尤其，特别 ◎be particular about/over 对……挑剔/讲究 【写作语料】　 ◎pay particular attention to details 特别注意细节 ◎love science fiction in particular 尤其喜爱科幻小说 ◎be very particular about her clothes 对衣着特别讲究 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2022·浙江6月卷)我尤其强调的是自习室能够让我们更独立更高效地学习。 What I particularly/in particular stress/emphasize is that the self­study room enables us to study more independently and more efficiently. ②小女孩如此挑食，她父母感到特别焦虑和担心。[读后续写之心理描写] The little girl was so particular about/over food that her parents felt especially anxious and concerned. benefit n.好处；益处 vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益(beneficial adj.有好处的；有益的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎benefit from/by... 从……中受益；得益于…… ◎benefit sb 对某人有益 ◎be of (great) benefit to...＝be (very/highly) beneficial to... 对……(非常)有益；(非常)有益于…… ◎for the benefit of... 为了……的利益 【写作语料】　 ◎for the benefit of human beings为了人类的利益 ◎be beneficial to improving their spoken English有利于提高他们的英语口语水平 ◎be of great benefit to the understanding of Chinese culture对了解中国文化很有益 ◎benefit from price reductions 从降价中获益 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)This shift towards sustainable transportation is not only beneficial (benefit) to the environment but also to public health, as it reduces air pollution in cities. ②(2024·全国甲卷)中国在改善交通基础设施方面取得了重大进展，这对中国公民和整个经济都非常有利。 China has made significant strides in improving its transportation infrastructure, which has been highly beneficial to/of great benefit to its citizens and the economy as a whole. ③(2024·全国甲卷)许多人从这种创新的交通解决方案中受益，因为它为他们节省了时间和金钱。 Many people have benefited from this innovative transportation solution, as it saves them time and money. amount n.金额；数量，数额 v.总计，共计；相当于，等于 【知识归纳】　 ◎the amount of... ……的数量 ◎“大量/少量的”表达： a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数) large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数) ◎amount to 共计，总计；等于，相当于 【写作语料】　 ◎a proper amount of regular exercise定期进行适量锻炼 ◎large amounts of previous working experience丰富的工作经验 ◎amount to 300 dollars共计300美元 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上升，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。[应用文之健康饮食] The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year，which gradually ruins their health. ②在慈善义卖中筹集的一大笔钱已捐给了当地的学校。[应用文之活动介绍] A large amount of money raised in the charity sale has been donated to the local school. ③(浙江卷)妈妈拍着我的肩膀严肃地说：“懒惰的人在生活中一事无成。” Mom said seriously, patting me on the shoulder, “Lazy people will not amount to anything in life．” satisfaction n.满足；满意；欣慰(satisfy vt.使满意；满足　satisfied adj.满意的　satisfactory＝satisfying adj.令人满意的) 【知识归纳】　 ◎with satisfaction 满意地 ◎to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ◎a sense of satisfaction 满足感 ◎satisfy one's needs/demands 满足某人的需要 ◎be satisfied with 对……感到满意 ◎be satisfied to do sth 对做某事感到满意 【写作语料】　 ◎smile with satisfaction满意地笑 ◎satisfy your needs/demands满足你们的需要 ◎satisfy my desire for reading满足我的阅读欲望 ◎be not satisfied with our arrangements对我们的安排不满意 ◎writing a satisfying/satisfactory article写一篇令人满意的文章 ◎nod with satisfaction 满意地点了点头 【语境运用】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)Our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction (satisfy)． ②你的旅行社曾作出“保证满意”的承诺，可是事实上没有一个游客对你们的服务满意。[应用文之投诉信] Your travel agency had promised “Satisfaction Guaranteed”，but as a matter of fact，none of the tourists was satisfied with your service． ③为了满足我的需要，爸爸为我营造了一个好的学习氛围。看着我的成绩单，我爸爸满意地点了点头，脸上绽放出微笑。[读后续写之心理描写] To satisfy my needs，my father created a good learning atmosphere for me.Looking at my report card，my father nodded with satisfaction，a smile spreading across his face. amazed adj.大为惊奇的；惊讶的→amaze vt.使惊讶→amazement n.惊奇，惊愕→amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜的→amazingly adv.惊人地，了不起地 【知识归纳】　 ◎be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 ◎be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 ◎be amazed＋that从句 对……感到惊讶 ◎in amazement 惊讶地 ◎to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是 【写作语料】　 ◎be amazed by the breathtaking scenery惊叹于这令人叫绝的景色 ◎stare at her in amazement惊讶地盯着她 ◎an amazing platform for the free exchange of ideas 一个自由交流思想的绝佳平台 【语境运用】　一句多译 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)令我吃惊的是，我击败了很多参与者，并获得了一等奖。 ①To my amazement, I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize.(amazement) ②What amazed me was that I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize.(主语从句，amaze) ③I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize，which made me amazed．(定语从句，amazed) ④I was amazed that I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize.(amazed) defend vi.& vt.保护，保卫；防守；辩解 [defence n.防守队员，后卫；防御；保卫　defensive adj.防御(性)的；戒备的；防守的] 【知识归纳】　 ◎defend...against/from... 保卫……以免受…… ◎defend one's views 为某人的观点辩解 ◎in defence of 为保护…… ◎in defence 防守 【写作语料】　 ◎defend me against/from being injured保护我免受伤害 ◎take up a stick in defence of himself＝defend himself with a stick拿起一根棍子保护自己 ◎come/rush/spring/jump/leap to one's defence(急于)为某人辩解/护 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①当门突然被打开时，男孩用手捂住了头，好像是在防御。 When the door was opened suddenly，the boy covered his head with his hands as if in defence． ②看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。[读后续写之动作描写] Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed to defend/in defence of his son like an arrow. ③保持均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼有助于减少我们被传染的风险。[应用文之倡议书] Keeping a balanced diet and taking regular exercise can help defend ourselves against/from infection． let sb down 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望) 【知识归纳】　 ◎let in 　　　　 允许进入；容许 ◎let alone 更不用说；不管 ◎let out 发出；释放 ◎let go of 放开；释放 【写作语料】　 ◎let fresh air in让新鲜空气进来 ◎let alone buy a new bike更不用说买新自行车了 ◎let my parents down让我的父母失望 ◎let out his breath in a long sigh长叹了一口气 ◎let go of Mona's hand放开莫娜的手 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①她的收入养活一个孩子几乎都不够，更不用说三个了。 Her income was barely enough to maintain one child, let alone three． ②看着黄手帕随风舞动，公交车上的孩子们跳了起来，拍着手，发出激动的欢呼声：“你亲爱的妻子没有辜负你。”这个男人欣慰地松了口气。[读后续写之动作描写] Seeing yellow handkerchiefs dancing in the wind，the children on the bus jumped to their feet，clapped their hands and let out loud shouts of excitement，“Your beloved wife didn't let you down．”The man sighed in relief. keep up with 跟上；保持同步 【知识归纳】　 ◎catch up with 　　　 跟上(强调动作) ◎come up with 想出；设法拿出；提出 ◎put up with 忍耐，忍受 ◎end up with 以……结束 【写作语料】　 ◎keep up with the changes of times跟上时代的变化 ◎end up with famous sayings以名言结尾 ◎catch up with others in learning在学习上赶上别人 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①世界一直在快速发展，每个国家都必须跟上时代的步伐。 The world has been developing very fast，and every country must keep up with the times． ②(2022·全国甲卷)然而，我们没有必要容忍海洋污染。现在急需想出一些可行的保护海洋的措施。 However，we don't have to put up with the ocean pollution．There is an urgent need to come up with some achievable measures to protect oceans. Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．track A．n.足迹；轨迹　B．n.小路，小径　C．n.跑道；径赛运动　D．vt.跟踪；追踪 ①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off­line”activity. D ②(浙江6月卷)“Don't be late for supper，”Uncle Paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you don't get lost！”A ③(2024·浙江1月卷)In her first PE class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. C ④The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track． B 2．tip A．n.小费　 B．n.技巧；提示　 C．vi.弄翻；倾斜 D．vt.付小费　 E．n.尖；尖端 ①(浙江1月卷)With the box tipping over，out came the little one，who was not shy and instantly got familiar with Poppy. C ②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. B ③She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service. D ④After I had my hair cut，I gave the hairdresser a tip． A ⑤(2022·全国甲卷)And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last­minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. E 3．crowd A．n.人群；一群人　 B．n.民众；凡夫俗子　 C．vt.& vi.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子)　 D．vi.聚集；涌向 ①The air smelled of the best bread baked, and customers soon crowded into the store, making it crowded. D ②I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. A ③The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me/crowded into my mind. C ④We all like to think we stand out from the crowd． B 4．sight A．n.视力；视觉　B．n.名胜，景点　C．vt.看见　D．n.视野　E．n.情景 ①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser­known sights? B ②The practice of hanging flags is a common sight in many parts of the country on National Day. E ③(2023·全国甲卷)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more，they're increasingly being sighted by humans. C ④The disease has affected her sight，bringing her a lot of inconvenience. A ⑤When seeing the old man walking slowly out of sight，I burst into tears. D 巧借前缀im­/in­/il­/ir­推测词义 否定前缀im­/in­/il­/ir­：表示“非，不，无” 本单元：①regular adj.经常的；规则的→irregular adj.不规则的 ②responsible adj.负责任的→irresponsible adj.不负责任的 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. ◎in­(不，无，非)＋appropriate(合适的)＋­ly→inappropriately adv.不合适地 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. ◎in­(不，非)＋consistency(一致性)→inconsistency n.不一致 3．(2022·天津6月卷)In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. ◎in­(不，非)＋distinguishable(可辨认的)→indistinguishable adj.不可辨认的 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. ◎im­(不，非)＋perfect(完美的)＋­ion→imperfection n.不完美 5．(2021·全国乙卷)The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups. ◎in­(不，非)＋significant(重要的)→insignificant adj.微不足道的 6．(2021·浙江6月卷)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. ◎ir­(不，非)＋resistible(可抗拒的)→irresistible adj.无法抗拒的 Part 3　经典句式——会表达 句式：This/That is because... 【教材原句】　This is all because I exercise quite regularly.这都是因为我经常锻炼。 【知识归纳】 ◎This/That is because... 这/那是因为…… ◎This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因 ◎The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句) 【写作佳句】　 ①(2023·全国乙卷)It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life.That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday. 掌握一些基本的生活技能为我们未来的生活做准备是很重要的。这就是为什么我在五一期间学会了做饭。 ②Maybe this is because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts. 这可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。 ③The reason why I strongly recommend the listening and speaking course is that the course can help you to adapt to the life in China sooner.[应用文之推荐信] 我强烈推荐你上听说课。这是因为这门课可以帮助你更快地适应中国的生活。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①(2023·天津3月卷)他被称为活雷锋，这是因为他经常全力以赴地向需要帮助的人伸出援助之手。 He is called a living Lei Feng.This is because he often goes all out to offer a hand to whoever needs help． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)你为这次比赛做了充分的准备，这是你应当参赛的原因。 →The reason why you should take part is that you have made full preparations for this event. →You have made full preparations for this event，that's why you should take part． →You should take part，that's because you have made full preparations for this event． 句式：祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句 【教材原句】　And don't drink too much while running，or it'll make you feel sick．跑步时不要喝太多水，否则会让你感到不舒服。 【知识归纳】 ◎“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句，陈述句多用将来时态。 “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 “祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if引导的否定条件状语从句＋主句”。 ◎名词词组(常含有more，another等词)＋and＋陈述句 【写作佳句】　 ①Follow the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your terrible situation.[应用文之建议信] 遵循上面的建议，你会发现很容易改变你棘手的现状。 ②Don't give up, or you will achieve nothing. 不要放弃，否则你将一事无成。 ③More effort, and you will succeed. 再努力一些，你会成功的。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)我鼓励大卫说：“振作起来！再努力一点，你很快就会到达终点的。” I encouraged David，“Cheer up！Make more efforts/More efforts and you will reach the finish line soon．” ②(2022·天津4月卷)只要改掉我的坏习惯我会实现我最初的志向。 Get rid of my bad habit，and I will achieve my initial ambition. 句式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级 【教材原句】　There is also no better way to know yourself and to see what you are capable of. 没有更好的方法来了解你自己，看看你能做到哪一步。 【知识归纳】 表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构： ◎“否定词＋比较级”结构表示最高级意义，通常意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”。常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 ◎can/could＋never/not＋...enough/too...再……也不过分。 【写作佳句】　 ①As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than health in life． 在我看来，在生活中健康是最重要的。 ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)It couldn't be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random. 如果英语水平不同的学生能被有意地分组在一起，而不是随意分组，那就再好不过了。 ③(新高考Ⅰ卷)In her eyes，no breakfast is more delicious than this． 在她眼中，没有比这更美味的早餐了。 ④The significance of this movement cannot be emphasized enough． 这项运动的重要性无论怎样强调都不过分。 【仿写借鉴】　 ①他有许多经验，因此我保证您不可能找到比他更能胜任这个职位的人了。另外，没人比他更慷慨、更善良。[应用文之推荐信] He has a large amount of experience，so I am sure that you can't find a person more qualified for the position than him．Besides，nobody is more generous and kind­hearted than him． ②(2022·浙江1月卷)我的搭档真诚地提醒我，“当我们做项目的时候，你怎么细心都不为过。” My partner reminded me sincerely，“You can't be too careful/can't be careful enough when doing our project.” Ⅰ.核心词汇专练——单句语法填空 1．I advocate that we should defend our oceans from being polluted for the benefit of human beings. 2．The expert is particular about the quality of hardware and thus won't buy a computer without a certificate. 3．What makes us amazed is that a large amount of information has been gathered (gather) so far. 4．I was amazed to find (find) that a hummingbird was covered in spider­webs，barely able to move her wings. 5．Knowing that my son has become increasingly confident，I sighed in relief. 6．To deal with pressure，you'd better have a balanced (balance) lifestyle，that is，you are supposed to have a well­planned schedule. 7．Occupied (occupy) in revising their lessons for the College Entrance Examination，these senior three students barely have leisure time. 8．I feel amazed (amaze) that many people are eager to get the position which does not offer much money. 9．To be frank，my desire to become (become) a volunteer never leaves me for a moment. 10．We are advised to take a first­aid kit in case of unexpected injuries when travelling. Ⅱ.阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生与合成 写出黑体单词在句中的词性及汉语释义 1．(2023·全国乙卷)Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can't.n.情况；状况 2．(浙江6月卷)Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor, providing company and transportation.n.陪伴，做伴 3．(全国乙卷)To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded.n.额外的事物 4．The net weight of this jar of coffee is 180 grams. adj.净的 5．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，”said Barnabas Daru.n.应用软件 6．On arrival in the city，too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on her.vi.涌上(心头) 7．Her account is correct in every particular so you can learn from it.n.细节 8．Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field，we won our first game and our second，and continued to improve.n.失败 9．If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions. adj.敏锐的 10．We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.n.一群 11．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1．9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. data“数据”＋set“套，组，群”→dataset n.数据集 12．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. sun“太阳”＋screen “掩护物”→sunscreen n.防晒霜 (一)应用文写作 [演讲稿——运动与健康] 假定你是李华，报名参加学校“Be Sporty, Be Healthy”为主题的演讲比赛。请你写一篇英文演讲稿。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：介绍演讲的话题 1．今天，我很荣幸能在此与大家分享运动的好处、我个人的经历和感受。 Today, I'm honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports as well as my personal experiences and feelings about it. 第二段：描述个人的经历和感受 2．曾经有一段时间我讨厌运动，因为运动让我大汗淋漓、疲惫不堪。(There was a time when...；make复合结构) There was a time when I hated exercising because it made me sweat and tired. 3．在尝试几周之后，我发现运动很有益。运动不仅能强身健体，还能使我们精力充沛。 After trying it for several weeks, I found sports beneficial.Not only can sports strengthen our body, but also keep us energetic. 4．我最喜欢的运动是慢跑。那是因为慢跑能缓解我的压力，坚持慢跑还能帮助我预防疾病。(That's because...) My favorite sport is jogging.That's because jogging can relieve my stress, and keeping jogging can also help me prevent diseases. 5．我经常和爸爸一起去慢跑，我觉得这很有趣也很酷。另外，坚持慢跑给了我很大的满足感。(which引导非限制性定语从句) I often go jogging with my father, which I find really fun and cool.Besides, sticking to jogging gives me great satisfaction. 第三段：发出倡议 6．生命在于运动，让我们利用一切机会一起锻炼吧。 As life lies in movement, let's take advantage of every opportunity to work out together. [构建语义场——运动与健康] ①compete for 为……而竞争 ②compete against 与……竞争 ③break the record 打破纪录 ④set a new world record 创造新的世界纪录 ⑤win a gold/silver/copper medal 赢得金/银/铜牌 ⑥reduce diseases 减少疾病 ⑦have a rest 休息 ⑧relieve sb from stress 使某人摆脱压力 ⑨show a great passion for 对……表现出极大的热情 ⑩arouse a heated discussion 引起激烈的讨论 ⑪a close game 势均力敌的比赛 ⑫cultivate one's patience 培养某人的耐心 ⑬overcome difficulties 克服困难 ⑭in good form 状态好 ⑮mass sports 群众体育活动 ⑯indoor/outdoor sports 室内/室外运动 ⑰the benefits of sports运动的好处 ⑱strengthen our body强身健体 ⑲keep us energetic使我们精力充沛 ⑳help prevent diseases帮助预防疾病 ㉑go jogging去慢跑 ㉒give me great satisfaction给我很大的满足感 ㉓work out together一起锻炼 (二)读后续写 [体育与健康话题＋情感描写之宽慰与温暖] Ⅰ.教材语料积累 词汇 [动作描写]　jog；cycle；defeat；crash；keep up with；clap；bounce；bite；strengthen；defend [情感描写]　desire；let sb down；disappointment；amazed→amazingly；be fed up with；awkward；relieve→relief；satisfaction 佳句 1．Suddenly，a player and I crashed into each other.Pain raced through my body.My knee hurt badly.The team gathered around，looking worried.(动作描写) 2．Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court.And clearly，all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone paid off.The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.He made shot after shot，and the crowd couldn't stop clapping and cheering.(动作描写) 3．“Well，”said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder，“you've just earned your place on the team，big guy！”(直接引语) 4．Besides，anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up.(情感描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料背诵 词汇 comfort n．舒适；安逸生活；安慰；令人感到安慰的人/物；warm adj.温暖的→warmly adv.温暖地→warmth n．温暖；to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是；a mixture of warmth and relief既温暖又宽慰wipe the tears from one's cheeks擦去某人脸上的眼泪；cast a comforting/a gentle/an encouraging glance at sb向某人投去安慰/温柔/鼓励的目光 佳句 1．Tears of appreciation welling up in her eyes，she thanked the driver for his help，but he just smiled warmly.她眼含感激的泪水，感谢司机的帮助，而他只是热情地笑了笑。 2．When I heard this，a mixture of warmth and relief welled up in my deep heart.(无灵主语句) 当我听到这句话时，我的内心深处既温暖又欣慰。 3．She stroked her fingers through my hair and said，“Things are going to be fine.” 她用手指轻抚我的头发，说道：“一切都会好起来的。” 4．He reached out his hands and embraced me tightly，saying，“I'll always be there with you.”(动词­ing形式作伴随状语) 他伸出手，紧紧地拥抱着我，说：“我会永远陪着你的。” 5．She held my hands，looking me gently in the eye and saying，“Thank you so much！You have no idea how much this means to me.”(现在分词短语作状语) 她握着我的手，温柔地看着我的眼睛说：“非常感谢！你不知道这对我有多重要。” 6．What made me relieved was that I finally finished the task on time.(what引导的主语从句) 使我感到宽慰的是，我终于按时完成了任务。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用 　　我参加了在我的学校举办的自行车比赛。使我失望的是我很难跟上其他骑手。我咬着嘴唇，擦去脸颊上的泪水。就在那时，我的同学们为我鼓起了掌，并向我投来鼓励的目光。令人惊奇的是，一种温暖和宽慰的感觉涌进了我的内心深处。使我松了一口气的是我终于完成了比赛。我的老师满意地笑着，大声喊出了我的名字，用鼓励的手势来表示他支持我，并且说：“你很棒。” 　　I took part in a cycling competition held in my school.What let me down was that I had difficulty keeping up with the other cyclists.I ①bit my lips and wiped the tears from my cheeks．Just at that time，my classmates clapped for me and ②cast encouraging glances at me．Amazingly，③a mixture of warmth and relief welled up in my deep heart (无灵主语句).④What made me relieved (what引导的主语从句) was that I finally finished the competition.Smiling in satisfaction，my teacher called out my name ⑤with a gesture of encouragement showing his support (with复合结构)，saying，“You are great.” A卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A (2025·安徽皖南八校联考)The slow approach to travel has never been more important.These following hikes offer a chance to reconnect you with the world. Karhunkierros Trail, Finland Finnish Lapland is famous as a winter destination, with magical aurora borealis (北极光) and a fascinating ancient Sami culture.It's also home to the 82­kilometer Karhunkierros Trail, the most well­known long­distance walk in Finland.It's a route best to explore in summer, when the nights are bright.The path takes four days, depending on the weather. High Tatras Hut­to­Hut Hike, Slovakia The High Tatras are the highest mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains, stretching from Northern Slovakia into Southern Poland.Hikers—mostly Slovaks and Czechs—greet with a genuine smile and a cheerful Ahoj or Dobryden.Especially, don't miss the unique food, potato dumplings with sheep cheese and sweet steamed buns. King Charles Ⅲ England Coastal Path, England Covering 4，300 kilometers, the England Coast Path was named after the country's king.The good news is that it can be easily broken down into sections for hiking beginners.Whether taking in the high cliffs and bays of Comwall or the deep silence of Suffolk and Norfolk, just a few days on this route will leave anyone refreshed. Vikos Gorge and Mount Gamila, Zagoria, Greece The remote and beautiful mountains of Zagoria are Greece's best­kept secret.They offer great hiking without the crowds.The highlight is the Vikos Gorge.In some places, its cliffs tower 1，350 meters.Wander its dry river bed in summer and keep an eye out for rare wild animals. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四条可以缓慢地徒步旅行的路线。 1．When is the best time for hikers to explore Karhunkierros Trail? A．Winter B．Summer nights C．Sunny days. D．Any time B　[细节理解题。根据“Karhunkierros Trail, Finland”下面的“It's a route best to explore in summer, when the nights are bright.”可知，探索这条路线最好在夏季的夜晚进行。故选B。] 2．Which site was called based on a country's king's name? A．Karhunkierros Trail. B．High Tatras Hut­to­Hut Hike. C．King Charles Ⅲ England Coastal Path. D．Vikos Gorge and Mount Gamila． C　[细节理解题。根据“King Charles Ⅲ England Coastal Path, England”下面的“Covering 4，300 kilometers, the England Coast Path was named after the country's king.”可知，King Charles Ⅲ England Coastal Path以国王的名字命名。故选C。] 3．What can people come across in Vikos Gorge and Mount Gamila? A．Some unusual animals. B．Tough and deep roads. C．A 1，350­feet mountain. D．Crowds from all over the world. A　[细节理解题。根据“Vikos Gorge and Mount Gamila, Zagoria, Greece”下面的“Wander its dry river bed in summer and keep an eye out for rare wild animals.”可知，夏天在这里干涸的河床上漫步，游客可以看见珍稀的野生动物。故选A。] B (2025·甘肃庆阳模拟)At the end of a perfect July afternoon in 2016, Raymond awoke from an accident only to find that he'd damaged his neck and could no longer walk or fully use his hands. But that's just the beginning of Raymond's story.A year later, frustrated with the lack of rehab (康复) resources available for people like himself in New Orleans, the former broadcast engineer decided that his hometown needed a gym to cater for those with injuries and disabilities.Based on the need, Raymond financed the establishment of Split Second Fitness in 2021, with specially designed workout equipment and therapy programs that allow clients to grow stronger without the aim of making money. The inspiration for Split Second Fitness came to Raymond as he spent three months at a state­of­the­art rehab center in Sacramento, which redefined his understanding of recovery.“I knew I had to get back home and figure out how to do that，”says the natural­born net­worker, who spent three years raising funds and learning how to run an organization. Seated bikes help move disabled users' legs; yoga instructors help stroke survivors increase flexibility and range of motion; mental health experts facilitate the hard transition to a new way of living.“Anybody's life can change in a split second like mine did，”explains Raymond.“What our organization is really centered around is ‘How do we give you hope？’ and ‘How can we help you transform that hope into action steps for you to create a better tomorrow？’” “The aim is to increase the quality of life of those with a disability，”he says.“Because if I can give you something to look forward to, it will help you get out of the painful process and help you get back on track to a happy and healthy life.”Raymond, who insists he's just getting started, says that he plans to open similar gyms across the nation.“I want to be remembered as someone who moved the needle on disability advocacy issues.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Raymond因事故致残后，为改善自己及类似境遇者的康复条件，于2021年创建了一家非营利性健身房Split Second Fitness，旨在提高残疾人的生活质量，并计划在全国开设分店的故事。 4．Which statement fits Split Second Fitness? A．It is open to everyone. B．It is made up of many gyms. C．It is run on a non­profit basis. D．It is funded by TV programs. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Raymond financed the establishment of Split Second Fitness in 2021．..without the aim of making money.”可知，Split Second Fitness是以非营利为基础的。故选C项。] 5．What inspired Raymond to set up Split Second Fitness? A．A live broadcast. B．A rehab experience. C．A request from a fitness center. D．A suggestion from a former workmate. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“The inspiration for Split Second Fitness came to Raymond as he spent three months at a state­of­the­art rehab center in Sacramento, which redefined his understanding of recovery.”可知，一次康复的经历启发Raymond创立了这个健身房。故选B项。] 6．What can we learn about Split Second Fitness from Paragraph 4? A．Its challenges and difficulties. B．Its facilities and staff. C．Its background and change. D．Its goal and mission. D　[推理判断题。根据第四段可知，此处介绍了这个健身房的目标和使命：给予顾客希望，让其把希望转化为行动，带来积极的改变。故选D项。] 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Hope in Motion: a Road to Self­discovery B．Life with a Disability: a Painful Experience C．Gyms: Making You Healthier and Stronger D．Instructors: Helping You Get Back on Track A　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Raymond因事故致残后，为改善康复条件而创建非营利性健身房Split Second Fitness的故事，该机构旨在提高残疾人的生活质量，并帮助他们重新找到生活的希望和方向。因此，A项“运动中的希望：自我发现之路”最契合文章主旨。故选A项。] C (2025·湖南常德模拟)Researchers at MIT created a high­tech pill that starts to vibrate (震动) once it makes contact with liquid in the user's stomach and make him or her feel full.The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University. VIBES, short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator, was only recently made public in a study published in the Science Journal, but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans, trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results.After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity, pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill.Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach, modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘脑) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator, which is about the size of a vitamin pill, is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down a coat around the pill, or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect, the pill exits the body with other solid waste. The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range, and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it. “Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low­cost, non­operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption.The device functions effectively in the stomach and leading to fullness,”said Giovanni Traverso, co­author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However, future studies will need to explore the physiological effects of the device before it's available for patients.” Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials in humans. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种高科技药丸，一旦它与使用者胃里的液体接触，就会开始振动，让人有饱腹感。 8．What is the outcome of taking the pill? A．Liquid production. B．Food storage. C．Sensation of fullness. D．Recovery of users. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at MIT created a high­tech pill that starts to vibrate (震动) once it makes contact with liquid in the user's stomach and make him or her feel full.”可知，吃下药丸会有饱腹感。故选C项。] 9．Which aspect of the device is mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．Its working principle. B．Its intelligence. C．Its testing history. D．Its side effect. A　[推理判断题。根据第二段“Apparently, the revolutionary device works by...(显然，这种革命性的装置通过激活胃中的牵张受体来模拟食物的存在。这反过来又向下丘脑发出信号，使我们感到饱腹的激素水平升高。振动刺激器大约有维生素药丸大小，由封装的电池供电，通过胃液分解药丸周围的涂层或通过内置的计时器激活)”可知，第二段在说设备的工作原理。故选A项。] 10．What is the researchers' ultimate goal of the device? A．To produce gastric fluid with it. B．To destroy the coat around it. C．To fix it in human body. D．To remove solid waste from it. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials in humans.”可知，设备的最终目标是植入人体内。故选C项。] 11．What is Giovanni Traverso's attitude towards the future of the device? A．Worried. B．Cautious. C．Doubtful. D．Confused. B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, future studies will need to explore the physiological effects of the device before it's available for patients.”可推知，Giovanni Traverso对设备的前景持谨慎的态度。故选B项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·广东莞佛大联考)Olympic medals are among the most respected honors in the sporting world, symbolizing not only athletic victory, but also the rich history, fine craftsmanship, and longstanding traditions of the Games.1( ) Are they made entirely of gold, silver, and bronze? And what makes the Paris 2024 Olympic medals special? Originally, Olympic winners in 776 BCE were honored with olive wreaths (橄榄花环) rather than medals.The concept of medals as we know them today first emerged at the 1896 Athens Games.However, solid gold medals were no longer awarded after 1912.2( ) As a result, the International Olympic Committee later updated the regulations regarding medal composition and design. Modern gold medals are primarily composed of 92.5% silver with a six­gram gold plating for appearance.3( ) They contain at least 92.5% pure silver, and bronze medals consist of 95% copper and 5% zinc (锌).This mixture ensures the medals' longevity and makes them cheaper.An Olympic gold medal may be worth over ￡500, but its value to athletes goes beyond its financial worth. 4( ) For instance, the 2012 London Olympics medals featured the River Thames and London skyline.Rio 2016 focused on sustainability by using leftover mirrors and X­ray plates.Tokyo 2020 medals, made from recycled electronics, emphasized technological innovation. For the Paris 2024 Olympics, the medals are particularly distinctive.Each features a hexagon (六边形) with the Paris 2024 logo on one side and Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, in front of the Eiffel Tower on the other.5( ) As Thierry Reboul, creative director of Paris 2024, stated, “These medals offer athletes a physical piece of Paris to take home.” A．Pure gold is soft and easily damaged. B．When were these medals first introduced? C．Who is responsible for designing the medals? D．Silver medals, by contrast, live up to their names. E．With these symbols, they honor the history of the Olympics. F．Unique to this year, the medals use metal from the old building materials of the Eiffel Tower. G．The design of medals reflects the host city's distinct style and values. [语篇解读]本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了奥运会奖牌的历史、材质以及2024届伦敦奥运会奖牌的特点。 1．B　[后文提出了与奥运奖牌相关的问题，故此空应与后文排比，同样设问，且根据文章第二段内容“奖牌的概念首先出现在1896年雅典奥运会。”可知，文章第二段在解释此空提出的问题，故B项“这些奖牌什么时候首次引入的呢？”符合，故选B项。] 2．A　[空前提到不再颁发纯金牌，空后又提出了关于金牌成分和设计规则的改变，故A项“纯金很软，容易损坏。”承接前文不再颁发纯金牌的原因，又引出空后修改金牌的成分和设计的规则，故选A项。] 3．D　[空前解释了金牌的成分，且根据空后“它们含有至少92.5%的纯银。”可知，空后提出了银的成分，故D项“相比之下，银牌是名副其实的。”与前文构成对比，金牌由 92.5%的银和六克镀金组成，相比之下，银牌是名副其实的，它们含有至少92.5%的纯银，且空后的They指代D项中的Silver medals，故选D项。] 4．G　[空后举例说明了每届奥运会奖牌的不同的设计，故G项“奖牌的设计反映了主办城市的风格和价值观”符合，位于本段句首，是主题句，目的是引出后文，故选G项。] 5．F　[空前提到了伦敦奥运会的奖牌，故此空F项“今年的独特之处在于，奖牌使用的金属来自埃菲尔铁塔的旧建材”符合，进一步介绍巴黎 2024 年奥运会奖牌的特点，故选F项。] B卷 (时间：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题，每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·黑龙江大庆质量检测)Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well­documented for decades.Traditional tobacco products such as cigarettes, have been linked to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease and respiratory (呼吸的) disorders.The burning process of cigarettes releases harmful chemicals and poisons including tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine, a highly addictive substance. According to a survey, 78.3% of smokers start smoking before age 20.To prevent young people from smoking and impacting their health, every kind of related product is firmly controlled by the departments concerned. The countless downsides to smoking should give smokers pause and encourage them to quit.Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of previously mentioned diseases.It can also improve your appearance.Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth while quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath.Smoking even dulls your senses of taste and smell.By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and drinks. Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy.Most people will encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as cravings (渴望), anger and difficulty concentrating.Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are necessary for overcoming these troubles and living a smoke­free life. Most importantly, make a plan and stick to it when you're ready to quit.For instance, avoid situations associated with smoking.Find alternatives or distractions like exercise or hobbies to take your mind off it.In terms of mental aspects, stay positive and energetic and celebrate small victories.Remind yourself often of why you want to quit.In the end, you'll be healthier and glad you did! [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过对吸烟危害和戒烟的益处的介绍以及戒烟过程中的挑战和应对策略的探讨，旨在说服读者认识到吸烟的危害并鼓励其戒烟。 1．What is applied to prevent youth smoking according to the text? A．Complete prohibition. B．Frequent education. C．Close observation. D．Strict regulations. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段“To prevent young people from smoking and impacting their health, every kind of related product is firmly controlled by the departments concerned.”可知，严格的监管是用来防止青少年吸烟的。故选D项。] 2．How does the author persuade people in Paragraph 3? A．By describing experiences. B．By making assumptions. C．By illustrating results. D．By providing statistics. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段“吸烟的无数弊端应该让吸烟者暂停并鼓励他们戒烟。戒烟可以改善你的健康，降低患上述疾病的风险。它还可以改善你的外表。烟草使用会导致皱纹和黄牙，而戒烟可以带来更健康的皮肤、更白的牙齿和更清新的口气。吸烟甚至会降低你的味觉和嗅觉。通过停止使用烟草，你的感官会恢复，从而增强对食物和饮料的享受”可知，本段中作者是通过说明吸烟和戒烟的结果来说服人们的。故选C项。] 3．What does the author think is the most important for quitting smoking? A．Awareness and exercises. B．Assistance and positivity. C．Support and concentration. D．Measures and determination. D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Most importantly, make a plan and stick to it when you' re ready to quit...In terms of mental aspects, stay positive and energetic and celebrate small victories.Remind yourself often of why you want to quit.”可知，作者认为戒烟最重要的是措施和决心。故选D项。] 4．What might be the most suitable title for the text? A．Improve Your Life B．Quit Playing “Fire” C．“Burn”Your Cravings D．Cease Taking Risks B　[标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了吸烟的危害以及戒烟的重要性和方法，最合适的标题是B项“停止玩火”即停止吸烟。故选B项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·福建宁德模拟)A young employee secretly misappropriated (私吞) several hundred dollars of his business firm's money.When this action was 1 ， the young man wanted to go to the office of the senior partner of the firm to 2 ．As he walked up the stairs towards the senior partner's office, the young employee was 3 ．He knew without doubt he would 4 his position in the firm.He also feared the 5 of legal action taken against him. 6 his whole world had collapsed. Upon his 7 ， the young man was 8 about the whole affair in the office.He was asked if the allegations (指控) were true and he 9 that.Then the senior partner 10 asked this question: “If I keep you in your present position, can I 11 you in future？” The young worker brightened up and said, “Yes, sir, you surely can.I've learned my 12 ．”The leader responded, “I'm not going to press 13 ， and you can continue in your present responsibility.”The leader concluded the 14 with his younger employee by saying, “I think you ought to know, however, that you are the second man in this firm who made this kind of mistake and was shown leniency (宽容).I was the first.What you have done，I did.The 15 you are receiving, I received.” [语篇解读]本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个年轻雇员私吞公司钱财，本应被解雇，甚至受到法律制裁，但是高级合伙人却宽恕了这个年轻人，让他留在了公司，并分享自己的经历，以此勉励这位年轻人能改正错误，提升自己。 1． A．forgotten B．overlooked C．discovered D．forgiven C　[根据后文“He was asked if the allegations (指控) were true...”可知，他私吞公司钱财的行为被人发现了(discovered)。故选C项。] 2． A．turn B．report C．apply D．attend B　[事情败露之后，他要前往高级合伙人的办公室那里去汇报(report)这件事，故选B项。] 3． A．depressed B．angry C．puzzled D．confident A　[他私吞公司钱财所带来的后果使他很沮丧(depressed)，故选A项。] 4． A．maintain B．reject C．strengthen D．lose D　[他会因私吞公司钱财被开除，因此失去(lose)工作。故选D项。] 5． A．necessity B．difficulty C．similarity D．possibility D　[这是违法行为，有受法律制裁的可能性(possibility)，故选D项。] 6． A．Gradually B．Seemingly C．Frequently D．Typically B　[一失足成千古恨，私吞公司钱财带来的后果很严重，所以他觉得他的整个世界都崩溃了，Seemingly (貌似)符合语境，故选B项。] 7． A．departure B．explanation C．return D．arrival D　[他去了楼上的高级合伙人的办公室，根据后半句被询问整个事件，说明他已经到达办公室。故选D项。] 8． A．warned B．questioned C．scolded D．reminded B　[高级合伙人就这位年轻人私吞公司钱财的事进行了询问(questioned)，故选B项。] 9． A．acknowledged B．denied C．doubted D．expressed A　[当被问及指控是否属实时，这个年轻人承认了(acknowledged)那件事。故选A项。] 10．A．nervously B．casually C．proudly D．surprisingly D　[这个年轻人已经设想到自己将失去工作，受到法律制裁，而合伙人所问的问题的意思却是他可以继续留在公司，这令他很意外(surprisingly)，故选D项。] 11．A．persuade B．trust C．comfort D．guide B　[对于一个曾私吞公司钱财的员工，合伙人还愿意留下他，所以先要对信任度(trust)再次评估。故选B项。] 12．A．skill B．goal C．lesson D．knowledge C　[此处考查动词短语learn a lesson，意为“受到教训”，这位年轻在私吞公司钱财这件事上得到了教训(lesson)，故选C项。] 13．A．examination B．improvements C．charges D．training C　[私吞这笔钱，会被公司起诉，但是这位合伙人没有指控(charges)他，故选C项。] 14．A．conversation B．contract C．silence D．argument A　[根据语境，高级合伙人给了这个犯错的年轻人留在公司的机会，并给他讲述了自己的相似的经历，以此激励对方改正错误，用这种方式结束两人的谈话(conversation)，故选A项。] 15．A．appreciation B．punishment C．blame D．mercy D　[当年这位合伙人也曾犯下相同的错，但是有人给了他机会，给予他宽恕(mercy)，而留在公司的他也痛改前非，发展得很好，成了高级合伙人。故选D项。] Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2025·浙江培优联盟仿真卷)China launched its complex and ambitious Chang'e­6 mission on Friday to collect the first ever samples from the far side of the moon.A 57­meter­tall Long March 5 lifted off from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center at 5：30 a．m.Eastern (0930 UTC) May 3, carrying the 1 (rough) 8，200­kilogram Chang'e­6 into orbit. A first second stage burn was completed 12 minutes 2 launch, with a trans­lunar injection (跨月轨道) burn set for around 14 minutes later.Spacecraft 3 (separate) is scheduled for around 37 minutes into flight.If successful, samples 4 (deliver) by the 53­day­long mission could change our understanding of the Earth and the history of the early solar system. Chang'e­6 is a four­module spacecraft.Its orbiter (人造卫星) will put the mission in lunar orbit, after 5 a lander will detach to land in the Apollo crater on the moon's far side.As the far side of the moon is never visible to Earth, due to our planet slowing the moon's rotation 6 leaving it tidally locked—in a way that relates to the rise and fall of the sea, a relay satellite is needed for communication between Earth and the moon's hidden side.For this, China 7 (launch) Queqiao­2 in March into a specialized lunar orbit. After landing, the spacecraft will use a drill and scoop to gather 2，000 grams of lunar material, reaching down two meters.These samples will 8 (load) into an ascent vehicle that will return to lunar orbit and perform 9 complex, delicate docking (对接) with the orbiter.From here, the samples are sent to a re­entry capsule.The orbiter will prepare for the return to Earth.The re­entry capsule will be released just prior 10 reaching Earth and will first skip off the planet's atmosphere.This will help it slow it down before landing in Inner Mongolia． [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国成功发射嫦娥六号月球探测器，执行首次从月球背面采集样本的复杂而雄心勃勃的任务，并详细描述了发射过程、任务目标、飞船构造以及返回地球的计划。 1．roughly　[考查副词。将重约8 200公斤的嫦娥六号送入轨道。空格处用副词作状语，rough的副词是roughly，意为“大约”。故填roughly。] 2．after　[考查介词。句子表示“二级火箭的首次点火燃烧在发射后12分钟完成”，空格处意为“在……之后”，用介词after。故填after。] 3．separation　[考查名词。空格处用名词作主语，separate的名词是separation，意为“分离”，是不可数名词，故填separation。] 4．delivered/to be delivered　[考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是could change，空格处用非谓语动词，samples和deliver之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，既可以用过去分词表被动，也可以用不定式的被动形式表将来的动作，因此空格处用delivered/to be delivered作后置定语，故填delivered/to be delivered。] 5．which　[考查非限制性定语从句。空格处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，设空处指代主句阐述的内容，作after的宾语，用关系代词。故填which。] 6．and　[考查连词。slowing the moon's rotation和leaving之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。] 7．launched　[考查时态。为此，中国于今年3月将鹊桥2号发射到一个专门的月球轨道上。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填launched。] 8．be loaded　[考查被动语态。这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中。These samples与动词load之间为被动关系，结合空前will可知，句子用一般将来时的被动语态，故填be loaded。] 9．a　[考查冠词。这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中，该飞行器将返回月球轨道，并与轨道飞行器进行复杂而精细的对接。docking是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，complex是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。] 10．to　[考查介词。返回舱将在抵达地球之前释放，并将首先反弹入地球大气层。prior to是固定短语，意为“在……之前”，故填to。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $