语法知识清单 Part 6 常见零冠词使用释疑-2026届高考英语一轮复习

2025-12-01
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 零冠词
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 35 KB
发布时间 2025-12-01
更新时间 2025-12-01
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-12-01
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55198446.html
价格 1.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

高中英语核心语法点汇编 part 6 常见零冠词使用释疑 9 apple在此为何用零冠词? 有人问: 有这样一个句子: (1)Cubitt came out of a downstairs room, his cheek was stuffed with apple, he had a broken penknife in his hand. apple是一可数的类名词,其前怎么没有冠词? 我们曾在题为《试谈“零冠词+单形类名词”结构》的短文中写道:“零冠词+单形类名词”结构主要有两种用途,它们是将单形类名词加以抽象化与物质化。上述句(1)中的“零冠词+单形类名词apple”即是被物质化了。换言之,这里的apple已非可数的类名词,而已转化为不可数的物质名词了。再如: (2)You've egg on your chin.(这里的egg亦非可数的类名词,而已变为不可数的物质名词) 10 如何分析bag and baggage? 有人问: 有这样一句话: (1)The hotel manager asked them to leave, bag and baggage, immediately. bag and baggage是否独立结构作状语用? bag and baggage是一成语,用作伴随状语,其义在此为with all their property(带上所有东西)。顺便提一下,这种已变为成语的“零冠词+单形可数名词+and+零冠词+单形可数名词”结构在英语中并不乏例,再如: (2)He does not attend to his duty body and soul . (body and soul的意思是“尽心竭力”) (3)Read it heart and soul .(heart and soul的意思是“聚精会神”) (4)He was hand and glove with his new friend.(be hand and glove with...的意思是“与……亲密无间”) 11 为什么不说 in factory? 有人问:为什么可以说 My father works in hospital., 而不可以说 My father works in factory.? 介词短语 in hospital 在英国已是被人所接受的固定说法,正如 in bed, in school, in college, in office, in church, in court, in prison 等介词短语一样。这些介词短语中的类名词之前都用零冠词,它们可以说已经变成抽象名词,与介词 in 一起表示从事或进行某种活动,如 in bed 意谓“睡眠、卧床”, in school 意谓“上学”等。介词短语 in hospital 一般意谓“在医院里接受治疗”,但有时亦有“与医院有密切关系”的含义,问题中所举的 My father works in hospital 中的 in hospital 即有此含义。那么为什么不可以说 in factory 呢?质言之,那就是因为它不为人所接受,正如 in shop 不为人所接受一样。应该告诉学生:一切说法最后并不决定于语法,而是决定于习惯。顺便提及,在美国则可说 in the hospital。 12 为何选用grass and leaf? 有人问: 有这样一道选择题: (1)A group of _____are eating_________and_________at the foot of the hill. A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafs 答案为C,为什么A不对? grass and leaf(青草和树叶)是一皆用零冠词的单形名词成对结构。这种成对结构简洁实用,概括性强,在英语里并不罕见,再如day and night (日日夜夜),body and soul (尽心竭力,全心全意),track and field (田径),flower and fruit (花与果实)等等。 请注意leaf可作为“树叶”的总称,故而不必选用复形leaves。但当一单形名词不足以表达作者的意念时,则有时亦可用“零冠词+单形名词+and+零冠词+复形名词”,实例如: (2)No matter what weather, he stayed there with notebook and field glasses through the early morning hours.(field glasses是双镜望远镜,须用复形,不可用单形glass) 或用“零冠词+复形名词+and+零冠词+单形名词”,实例如: (3)Kitty hurriedly gathered up gloves and fan .(同样,这里必须用成双的gloves,不可用指单只的glove) 顺便指出,上述成对结构并不限于“零冠词+单形名词+and+零冠词+单形名词”,还有其他一些结构,如可用or代替and: (4)Man or boy , I don't like him. 用介词的情况也不少,如: (5)Three men came marching along, pipe in mouth and sword in hand . (6)She sells flowers from door to door . 有时亦可用现在分词,如: (7)There it was, man meeting moon . 也有用谓语动词的情况,如: (8)It is funny how rogue knows rogue . 也可用more...than...,如: (9)Hanging on the brow of the skyline was the huge and splendid bulk of Chadwick Hall, more window than wall , one of the most famous Elizabethan houses. 这种成对结构有时用得很活,可以在句中形成对仗,实例如: (10)Pen he took, and wrote on book-skin , and made the three books into one. 13 为什么这里没有 the? 有人问:语法书上说,含有普通名词的专有名词之前应加定冠词 the,但我却碰见了这样的句子: Excuse me. Where's North Street Hospital, please? 这里的专有名词 North Street Hospital 之前却没有定冠词 the,这是为什么呢? 上述那条语法规则一般是成立的,但有例外,即如不强调专有名词中的普通名词,则可以不用定冠词 the。这时所强调的只是专有名词整体。如问题中所提的 North Street Hospital 即不强调其中的普通名词 hospital,而只强调这所医院本身。定冠词 the 表示特定用以区别于同类中的其他事物。如不用 the ,就没有这种区别性了。其他专有名词如 the Beijing Hotel, the China Daily 等,皆可不用 the 而强调其本身。这种情况在新闻体中尤不乏其例。但请注意,比较固定的含有普通名词的专有名词则一般不可省去定冠词 the。 14 prepare lessons错了吗? 有人问: 请看下面两个句子: (1)My teacher was preparing his lessons when I knocked at the door. (2)My teacher was preparing lessons when I knocked at the door. 我认为第一句是正确的,而第二句是错误的,正如只可说: (3)I finished my homework and then went out to play. 而不可说I finished homework...一样。但有人持不同意见,不知您的意见如何? 我们认为上述例(1)与例(2)都是正确的,其意义亦无甚区别,只是前者强调具体人即“他的”lessons, 后者则是泛泛而谈,不强调其特殊性罢了。这种在名词前或用物主代词或用零冠词(即不用冠词)的两可情况在英语里并不罕见,再如: (4)John is doing (his)lessons now. (5)Mary is arranging (her)books in order in her room. (6)I saw a neat little old woman with (her)cheeks like apples. 不仅复形名词如此,单形名词亦可这样用,如: (7)Have you had (your)breakfast? (8)He liked (his)ease, and in his studio were a couple of heavily upholstered armchairs and a large divan. (9)I like everything in (its)place. (10)One of the carvings was of a mindless man with (his)mouth agape, his two arms protruding out of the side. 但有三点值得注意: 1. 在上述情况下,用零冠词时要注意英语习惯,绝不可随意杜撰。即以lessons为例,可以说prepare lessons或do lessons, 因为它们已变成了习语,但不可说finish lessons或neglect lessons,而应该说finish one's lessons或neglect one's lessons。 2.“零冠词+名词”结构并不都可以与“物主代词+名词”结构互换。如set eyes on不可变为set one's eyes on,反之,never take one's eyes off中的物主代词one's也不可省去。 3. 例(10)中的“零冠词+单形可数名词mouth”表示泛指,具有一种典型意义。但有不少情况则须用物主代词,如下面的句子绝不可省去物主代词: (11)I have lost my book. (12)The man wore his hat on one side. 最后,让我们回到你所举的例子。是的,只可说finish one's homework,不可说finish homework, 但可说finish school。为什么? 一句话,习惯使然! 15 这里为何选用room? 有人问: 这道题为何选C: I hope there is_________for the doctor in your car. A. seat B. place C. room D. corner 这里之所以选room(空间,地方),是因为只有它是不可数名词,其前不用冠词(即用零冠词)。 16 字母或单词本身用零冠词 有人问: 有一道选择题: (1)I wonder if the word begins with _____“h”. A. an B. the C. / 哪一选项正确? 应选C,用零冠词。字母本身一般皆用零冠词,再如: (2)“H ” or “h ” is sometimes an abbreviation for various words beginning with “h”. 顺便提一下,单词本身一般亦应用零冠词,如: (3)He couldn't even spell cat . 17 成串的类名词用零冠词 有人问: 有这样一个句子: (1)Electrical home appliances like air conditioner, washing machine and refrigerator make our life comfortable. 句中的个体名词air conditioner, washing machine and refrigerator之前为什么没有限定词呢? 英语中成串的并列的类名词常用零冠词,即其前不用a或the。再如: (2)The artistic appeal of the play is enormous, with chief credit going to playwright, director and designer . (3)His face was almost sculpturally masculine in its bold lines of brow,nose and jaw . (4)To make his acrobatic fighting more real, he went to Beijing Physical Culture Institute to learn how to use cudgel, spear, nine-section whip and broadsword . (5)The little inn was really a combination of restaurant and dancing parlor and hotel . 但请注意,一串并列的名词绝不限于上述情况。由于文章内容的需要和作者自身的风格,名词并列的形式是多种多样的,现只举几例如下: (6)A clean cloth was spread before him, with knife, fork, and spoon, saltcellar, pepperbox, glass, and pewter ale-pot .(含有两组并列名词) (7)She had lost youth, fortune, child and husband .(含有不可数抽象名词youth) (8)He looked at a photograph of a young woman with short dark hair, strong jaw, long upper lip, biggish nose .(并列名词之前有修饰语) (9)The richness lies in the exquisite and elegant movements of hand, feet, and shoulders .(内含复形名词) 成串的类名词用零冠词,和成对的名词(如body and soul, from door to door, hand in hand等)用零冠词一样,皆是由于要将类名词泛化或抽象化的缘故。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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语法知识清单 Part 6 常见零冠词使用释疑-2026届高考英语一轮复习
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语法知识清单 Part 6 常见零冠词使用释疑-2026届高考英语一轮复习
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语法知识清单 Part 6 常见零冠词使用释疑-2026届高考英语一轮复习
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