表达技巧 第12节 动物 讲义-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考读后续写中“人与自然”范畴的动物描写考点，按词汇储备（名动形副短语）、表达方法（动物助人、救助动物等五类）、描写练习（句型转换、完成句子）、续写任务（牛刀小试）的逻辑架构展开，通过考点梳理、方法指导、分层训练、范文赏析环节，帮助学生构建动物描写的语言体系与情节发展思路。 资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，创新设计“续写扩展+范文赏析”活动，如“牛刀小试”提供开头语引导学生续写，结合范文解析动物描写如何推动情节，配合句型转换等练习夯实语言基础，确保学生高效掌握考点，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生读后续写应考能力提供有力支持。

第十二节 动物 单纯就动物而言，动物的描写包括动物的外貌描写、动物的生活习性描写和动物的趣事描写等。在高考英语读后续写中动物的外貌和习性一般在原材料中已经交代，不属于我们要续写的内容。而且在读后续写中几平没有单独指写动物的要求，绝大多数的动物描写都与人有关。动物描写属于人与自然的范畴。 一、词汇储备 (1)名词 bird; eagle; hawk; owl; crow; penguin; cuckoo; dove; pigeon; sparrow; swallow; ostrich; lark; magpie, robin; parrot; fowl; poultry; chicken; hen; cock; turkey; duck; goose; peacock; flock; nest; beast; bear; lion; tiger; leopard; puma; rabbit; hare; den; reptile; snake; cobra; lizard; fish; shark; shellfish; amphibian; tadpole; frog; insect; spider; bee; beetle; butterfly, dragonfly; mosquito; mammal; bat; pet; rat; mouse: squirrel; cat; kitty; dog; dingo; horse; pony; zebra; donkey; pig; cattle; ox; buffalo; cow; bison; camel; crab; monkey; chimpanzee; ape; gorilla; deer; antelope; whale; dolphin; seal; rhino; giraffe; kangaroo (2)动词 blink; bark; wag; escape; tremble; dash; nibble; graze(吃y); touch; raise; shake (3)形容词 nice; warm; wild; near; cozy; close; quick; fierce; lovely; unfriendly; playful; painful; immediate; furry; exhausted; tired (4)副词 unfortunately; suddenly; desperately; quickly; quietly; fast; swiftly; gently; tenderly; excitedly; carefully; loudly; merrily; happily; lazily (5)短语 jump at; rush forward; take no notice of; take care of; care for; look after; help out; struggle to one's feet; let out a scream; of itself; tear to pieces; worn out 二、表达方法 1 动物帮助人摆脱困境 如果主题是动物帮助人，我们就要写事故发生时动物引导人离开危险境地、动物给人警示使人及时脱险、动物为人求得援助、动物为了保护主人甚至与比自己强大的猛兽斗争等 (1)狮子感激奴隶的帮助不与奴隶决斗 Then the lion began to show his gratitude by every means in his power. He jumped about like a playful dog. However, the lion didn't act as most had imagined, instead of springing upon the man and tearing him to pieces, it gently licked Androcles like a dog. It seemed to have forgotten how to be a beast. The lion slowly walked over to Androcles, lay down at his feet and licked them tenderly. (2)狗替主人求助 Richard's dogs had been playing in the field and eventually came up to him. The two dogs lay close beside him to keep him warm while barking in anxiety. Richard finally struggled to one side of the road with the help of his dogs. Whenever there was a vehicle driving near, one of them would run to the roadside barking loudly to get help. 2.人救助受伤动物 人与动物和谐相处的过程中，人救助受伤的动物以维持物种的平衡，挽救濒危动物，或出于人的怜悯给动物以帮助。在读后续写中我们就要写主人翁给动物处理创伤、送动物去安全的地方等，同时还需描写脱险的动物因其灵性有对人感激的表现。 (1)帮助搁浅的小抹香鲸回归大海 Inky is a young small sperm whale. She was happy to live in the ocean, but careless people left trash in the water so that Inky became very sick and weak. She was beached on the New Jersey coast. People found her there and decided to try to save her. They called a US Coast Guard helicopter to lift her off the beach. (2)奴隶给狮子拔刺 The slave pulled out the thorn, and pressed out of the wound a quantity of matter, which gave the lion immediate relief. (3)救助腿部受伤的斑点狗 I let out a loud scream as I saw Spotty limping in with a pained expression on his face. I was so distressed that I hugged it, gently stroked its head and listened to it whimpering in my arms. When the poor little thing saw me, it dived into my arms, and rubbed its head against my chin. With its wagging tail and excited cry, he told me how much he missed me. I couldn't imagine what he had gone through, looking at his dirty hair with blood on it. Spotty was staggering as if he was drunk, his legs bleeding and his tail hanging down. My hands shook as I touched its trembling body. (4)救助被困雪山的马 Two horses are trapped on Vount Renshaw. Some snowmobilers spotted them high on the mountain. They're trapped in the snow and starving. Someone needs to get those horses down the mountain, or they'll die off there. I've loved horses since I was a girl. The thought that two horses would freeze to death on a mountain is too much to bear. They need someone who knows horses to look after them and feed them. After finding them, I cover the two horses with blankets and feed them with some hay personally. 3.动物趣事 如果写动物的趣事,我们在读后续写中要表现动物可爱的一面,展现动物的灵性,表现动物与人类的和谐相处。 (1)小狗思念主人 The boy's mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.” All that week, Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit, Poppy didn't. They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats, but the dog just wasn't cheerful. Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared. Poppy pushed his beloved toy to the dog. Soon, the two puppies ran after each other in the house happily. Poppy rushed forward to the boy's feet with delight, shaking her head and wagging her tail. Finally, the boy and two puppies were playing on the sofa excitedly. (2)带马吃草 He was feeling sleepy in the hot sunshine when the horse stopped, lowered his bead and began to nibble the grass. Toad climbed down off his horse, and left it to graze. (3)胖狗减肥 This lovely dog lazily bathed in mild sunshine with eyes narrowing into a line. Without saying goodbye, Tom and his dog dance around and then dashed out of the house. Tempted by the tasty smell, the dog swiftly bounced up and jumped at the bone. Lured by the tasty smell, Roland jumped at the bone. A yellow shepherd dog came trotting down the road, head low, tongue lolling and dripping. The lazy dog grinned at him, wagging his tall merrily. (4)鸽子筑巢 The doves flew in and out of the courtyard all week, building on top of the rubber tree. One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves' nest to the ground. I heard the twigs break apart. They paid no attention to the pile of sticks that had once been their nest. They started again from scratch. There they were sitting on the top of the shelf, adding some twigs to the new nest despite damage from the strong storm. Three weeks later, we watched three chicks break free from their shells. 4.摆脱猛兽威胁 遭遇猛兽威胁时我们要亏主人翁的急中生智，转危为安。 (1)道遇响尾蛇 A rattlesnake moved along the riverbank. William's face paled when he saw the snake blocking the doorway. (2)遭遇北极熊 As Elli and l cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread. The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts. Terrified, Elli and l tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shot gun shells into the air. He just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws. At this moment, Elli ran out of the cabin with a bag of garlic bread. She tossed the bag across the fence. At this sight, the bear walked away from the fence and started running towards the bread. At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. (3)遭遇狼 They immediately stopped the wolf in front of themselves to protect Mac. One man took out a metal bar from the car at once and started a fight with the wolf, and the other man joined it in no time. The wolf jumped up, and rushed toward some of them, but was beaten back. Seeing that he couldn't win, the wolf ran away down the hill. 5.童话中的动物 在读后续写中童话里的动物总与教育有关，或者为丰富儿童的想象力，或者给读者以鼓励。总之，我们写作时要明白故事的主旨，在不偏离中心的情况下展开对动物的描写。 (1)洞穴探险 Junie pointed out to a rabbit lighting candle. “That is Binkie the rabbit,” said Pam. They came to a small room. Binkie disappeared. Once they got inside, the door locked automatically. There were three animals in the room: a cat, a dog and a fish inside a bowl. We have to take the help of these animals to get out. We should look for Binkie the rabbit, because she planned all our adventure. They found the cat was shaking its head, the fish was waving its tail, but the dog was looking at them. (2)恐龙开口 David got his toy dinosaur when he was 3 months old from his grandma who had passed away. He named his dinosaur Dino. Dino had a huge secret that only David knew about-Dino could come to life. David did not want Dino to find out he wasn't going to take it to college because Dino would easily get mad like a rhino. David's mother closed the door and turned back, seeing Dino in front of her, When she saw Dino's mouth moving and heard words from it, she felt shocked. (3)青蛙落坑 A group of frogs were passing through the woods. Two of them fell into a deep pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they agreed that it was hopeless and told the two frogs that they should prepare themselves for their fate, because they were as good as dead. Unwilling to accept the terrible fate, the two frogs began to jump with all their might. One of the frogs heard the calls of his fellow frogs, Exhausted, he quietly gave in to his fate, lay down at the bottom of the pit, and died as the others looked on in helpless sorrow. The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could, although his body was covered with cuts and he was quite exhausted and painful. The weary frog jumped harder and harder and finally jumped so high that he sprang out of the pit. 三、描写练习 A. 按照括号里的要求转换句型 1. This little horse won an important match, Breana went home with $100,000 that day.(独立主格结构). , Breana went home with $100, 000 that day. 2. Her dad now has a racehorse. The horse is called Steve Hartman.(定语从句) Her dad now has a racehorse . 3. We managed to save every animal in time because the camel Humphrey woke us by grunting. (thanks to短语) We managed to save every animal in time . 4. Giant African pouched rats have a sharp sense of smell and they are being trained to find landmines left by the countries’ civil wars. ( with短语) , giant African pouched rats are being trained to find landmines left by the countries' civil wars. 5. The guide dog pushed the people on each side with his nose and then there was enough space for the blind man and her to sit down. (时间状语从句) The guide dog pushed the people on each side with his nose . B.根据括号里所给的词语和句后的汉语译文完成句子 6. Once he hit the hill, he'd be easily caught up and the wolf's teeth his flesh. (tear) 一旦他上了山，他就很容易被追上，狼的牙齿就会咬进他的肉里。 7. to train dogs since they are very obedient by nature. (difficult) 训练狗并不太难，因为它们天生很听话。 8. In another week we saw the bunny and almost hopping. (walk) 又过了一个星期，我们看到那只兔子四处走动，几乎能跳了。 9. in its mouth, the dog ran to the butcher's.(hold) 那只狗嘴里衔着那张纸，向肉店跑去。 10. Barking loudly into the air, the dog until he found the house. (search) 那只狗大声吠着，在树林里仔细搜寻，直到找到了那所房子。 参考答案： 1. This little horse having won an important match 2. whose name is Steve Hartman/which is called Steve Hartman 3. thanks to the camel Humphrey's grunting that woke us 4. With a sharp sense of smell 5. until there was enough space for the blind man and her to sit down 6. would be tearing into 7. It's not very difficult 8. walking around 9. Holding the piece of paper 10. searched through the woods 四、牛刀小试 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In my home, there is an old leather chair that I want to throw away but I can't. If you look at this picture, you'll see why. This is my dog Max and he lives in the old chair. It wasn't always this way. Max used to be a puppy. He ran, jumped and played. For years it seemed he never sat still. But he's 8 years old now, so he's slowed down quite a bit and enjoys his time in his favorite chair like an old man. Every time I leave the house, he climbs up there and takes on a sad look. It's a face that says, “I hate it when you leave me, but I'll wait here patiently until you come back.” When he was younger he'd always be waiting at the door and waving his tail when he heard the sound of knocking. These days his old legs are hurt a bit and getting up and down from things isn't as easy as it used to be. So when I open the door and don't see the dog standing there, my eyes immediately turn toward the living room and I see his big brown eyes. The sadness is washed away from his face and immediately go and give him a hug. If there were a million dollars sitting on the kitchen table. I would walk right to see him first, I get down on the floor so we are at eye level, put my head on his and tell him what a good boy he is. He doesn't know a lot of human words but he knows what “good boy” means. I bought that chair l5 years ago and the leather has started to wear away. I don't mind it so much but when company comes over, I do feel a bit embarrassed. I apologize to my guests and explain that is Max's chair. 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150 左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph l: I've thought about getting rid of it. Paragraph 2: I like to see him sitting in the chair when I come back. （一）原文思维导图 请根据原文绘制思维导图，完成后请向同桌展示，并开展自评和互评。 参考： （二）续写扩展 请完成续写。 （三）续写草稿展示 请在小组内展示你写出的内容，并相互点评。 （四）句子润色 请根据同学的评语修改你写出的内容，并对文章进行润色。 （五）范文赏析 请阅读范文，并借鉴。 One possible version: Paragraph 1: I've thought about getting rid of it. But then I wonder what Max would do if I do that. Would he like a new chair or would he stare at the place where he used to sleep and play, looking back at me confusedly? He's a great dog and he doesn't ask me to do anything for him other than to love him. So now that he likes the old chair, when he sees the chair, he can think of my love for him. Paragraph 2: I like to see him sitting in the chair when I come back. I want to see his big brown eyes filled with love and I want my good boy to wait for me at the door. I want to give him a hug after work. Max has become a part of my life. He is like my son and I am willing to love him. 五、总结本课内容 六、复习巩固与教师评阅 1. 修改续写草稿，并进行润色，并提交给老师评阅。 2. 积累行为描写的词汇和短语。 3. 摘抄默写本节课相关表达。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $