表达技巧 第11节 动作 讲义 -2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

第十一节 动作 在英语读后续写中，围绕故事情节，写好了主人翁及相关角色的动作，就相当于完成了主体情节的设计。动作描写一般包括动作背景、动作本身及动作效果三部分。例如：奔跑的动作背景，或为锻炼身体，或为逃离猛兽追杀。动作背景常以状语的形式存在。奔跑的效果要么是跑了多远的距离，要么是跑到安全的地方，对于及物动作来说，描写还涉及动作的对象，这个对象可能是人，可能是动物，也可能是物体。 很多时候，没有对象的动作是不完整的动作。例如：开门这一动作的背景可能是为了进屋躲避户外的寒冷，其对象是门，其效果是进人了温暖的房间。动作描写的另一特征是动作的连续性。在一篇读后续写中，不可能只描写一个动作。完成一个情节的设计需要连续描写一连串的动作。这些动作，或相互承接；或互成对比：或并列平行；或相互交错。描写一连串动作时要保证不同动作之间合理的逻辑关系。 一、导入：回答问题 生活中总是有各种巧合和误会，遇事不要着急，先搞清楚情况再说，不要那么容易生气。情绪先行，没准就是真的误会呢。就像短片里这位老奶奶一样，简直太可爱了。 题目一：选出与图片相符的动作描写。 1) How did the old lady show her anger? A. She roared, clenching her fists. B. She straightened her tired back. ( 参考答案： A )C. She leaped out of the chair with a roar. 2) What did the old lady do? A. She sobbed, hiding her face in her hands. B. She beat the vending machine with her own fists. C. She stopped where she was, trembling with shock. ( 参考答案： B ) 题目二：根据视频内容，完成关于老奶奶的动作描写。 In her first fit of anger, she 1) herself from the bench; in the next, stronger very likely than the other, she poked the young man lightly with her finger. She 2) her arms as if she were mad, while the young man 3) regularly with a cheery face. ( 参考答案： 1. raised 2. waved 3. nodded ) 二、词汇储备 (1)动词 位移: go; come; approach; climb; walk; run; rush; dash; jump; ride; reach; move; slide; take; bring; carry; present; pass; disappear; 身体: lie; fall; sleep; turn; dance; stand; sit; kneel等; 手部:grasp; push; pull; hold; help; touch; reach; stretch; lay; place; give; move; beat; remove; wave: clap; tie; hand; handle; operate; pass; pick; show; draw; write; fold; open; close; shut; scratch等; 脸部: smile; laugh; frown; blink; nod; sniff; sigh; yawn; sneeze等; 交际: say; tell; shout; call; ask; answer; yell; talk; lie; whisper; announce; read; giggle; scream; murmur; sing, encourage; teach等; 感官: notice; see; stare; watch; look; note; observe; hear; smell; find等; 猜度: know; think; understand; want; expect; suppose; consider; regard; believe; hope; imagine; realize; decide; recognize等； 好恶: like; love; enjoy; appreciate; hate; miss等; 拥有: have; own; possess等; 消费: buy; pay; owe; spend; cost; take等; 状态: stop; continue; join; hesitate; begin; start; change; ignore; wait; turn; support; pretend; fail; affect等; 使役: let; force; allow; make; have; get; drive; send等; 其他: print; keep; select; play; choose; hide; solve; settle等; (2)形容词 far; quick; sensitive; usual; sweet; nice; good; pure; old; magic; real等 (3)副词 hurriedly, swiftly, quickly; suddenly; immediately; occasionally; originally; calmly; slowly; carefully; simply; near; back; off; up; down; away; painfully; bitterly; now; shortly; soon; later; early; finally; inside; outside; alone; loudly; closely; especially; certainly; almost等; (4)短语 look at; look after; look into; listen to; put on; put up; put away; put out; put off reply to; pick up; pick out; point out; ask for; deal with; each other; belong to等; 三、表达方法 我们根据动作的本质结构：动作背景、动作本身、动作对象、动作效果四个维度展开动作描写。 1.分解动作 对于主人翁或某一角色的动作描写，可以将一个情节分解成几个连续的动作，按逻辑顺序进行描写。描写时要保证每个句子不偏离文章的中心。 例如我们可以将埃米收到奥委会消息的动作分解成三步表达。 动作背景：肥胖的埃米渴望健康，坚持跑步减肥后，向奥委会写信申请做火炬接力手。 动作对象：奥委会的回信。 动作效果：获知申请成功的消息。 步骤一：收到包裹On September 26th,while on her daily run through her neighborhood, an express package arrived. 步骤二：打开包裹Amy opened it and found a letter and a book on the Olympics. 步骤三：阅读书信The letter read, “Congratulations! You've been selected as a support runner for the Olympic Torch Relay...” 于是，我们可以这样续写这一段： On September 26th, while on her daily run through her neighborhood, an express package arrived. Amy opened it and found a letter and a book on the Olympics. The letter read, “Congratulations! You've been selected as a support runner for the Olympic Torch Relay... “ 2.分步表达 与分解动作相似，就某一角色而言，解决某一问题需要一组动作，我们就可以按生活常识将这一组动作分步展开。 例如：我们将肖恩在冰面上推船过河的一组动作进行分步表达： (1) pushed the boat onto the ice (2) the boat slid easily (3) he reached the other side 动作背景：妈妈突发重病，户外冰天雪地河面结冰；肖恩要送妈妈去河对面的诊所治疗。原材料已经讲到他将妈妈背上了船。 动作对象：船。 动作效果：将船推到对岸，送妈妈到诊所于是，我们描写成这样一段： Cautiously, Shawn pushed the boat onto the ice. The boat slid more easily than he had expected on the water-covered ice. Shawn pushed and pushed, though his arms soon ached and his legs were sore. He wasn't far from the other side of the river. 3.并列展开 当续写涉及多个角色时,描写同一场景下不同人物的动作，我们可以按故事的逻辑顺序并列展开不同人物的不同动作以展示人物不同的性格特征。主人翁往往最后一个出场。 例如：收到生日礼物这一动作。 动作背景：作者第一次在大学过生日，希望收到妈妈的生日礼物。作者自知家境不太富裕，对生日礼物也不抱奢望。原材料已经讲到室友邀她一起去买冰淇淋，这时有人敲门。此时续写涉及的角色有作者”我”、室友、快递员和妈妈。 动作对象：生日礼物。 动作效果：收获爱的感受 我们可分角色并列展开 (1) My roommate opened the door. (2)A deliveryman handed a box. (3)1 was excited. (4)Mother gave me love by sending me a gift. 于是，我们可以这样续写这一段： As I daydreamed, there was a knock on the door. My roommate opened it to find a deliveryman asking for me. He handed her a large box, which she carefully placed on the desk near my bed. “Open it.” I did, and inside was a vanilla cake with chocolate frosting. In icing were the words: “Happy Birthday, Sande! Love, Mom.” was filled with excitement, as if Mom were right there hugging me close. 4.将抽象概念具体化 生活中许多抽象的动作概念可能是读后续写要表达的内容，如果直接将这一概念记录下来，结果就只能写出一句话，无法表达丰富的内涵。将一个概念从视觉、听觉、动作和思维等多方面具体化，给动作添上声音、色彩、表情和实物，使续写变得丰富生动。 例如：将鼓励具体化。 动作背景：作者被老师初步定为课本剧的主角,但由于过分紧张，作者再三忘记台词，老师只得要她改念旁白。妈妈通过送女儿蒲公英，并比较蒲公英与其他鲜花来鼓励女儿。 动作对象：受到挫折的女儿。 动作效果：认可旁白的重要性。 听觉具体化：”But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said, encouraging and comforting me as always as she did. 视觉具体化：Mother smiled to encourage me. 实物具体化：I found a dandelion. 于是，我们可以这样续写： “But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said, encouraging and comforting me as always as she did. My beloved mom, wearing a shining smile on her scarlet face, added, “The narrator's part is important, too.” Thanks to her encouragement, which calmed me down gradually. I began to accept that the narrator part was of vital significance. Time went so fast that it reached to the performance day. At first l was still nervous, but it was at that moment that l found a dandelion in my pocket. I knew my mom passed the flower to me, which meant to be in company with me. 四、描写练习 A按照括号里的求转换句型 1. The starting fired and I jumped into the water(时间状语从句) , I jumped into the water. 2. I hit the wall and lifted my head at almost the same time as Jack. All the people around were cheering. (with复合结构) , I hit the wall and lifted my head at almost the same time as Jack. 3. I glanced over at Jack and he had a look of embarrassment. (非限定性定语从句) I glanced over at Jack, . 4. I touched the swimming pool wall a second before Jack. (强调句) , I touched the swimming pool wall. 5. I began pumping my arms fast. I was pushing myself to the limit. (-ing 分词) I began pumping my arms fast, . B. 根据括号里所给的词语和句后的汉讲译文完成句子。 6. I out of its envelope and it was dated September 1944. (take) 我小心翼翼地把信从信封里拿出来，日期是1944年9月。 7. Together they toward the exit of the general store. (way) 他们一起朝杂货店的出口走去。 8. through my laughter, the impressive and unforgettable sound. (recognize) 她通过我的笑声，那令人难忘的笑声认出了我。 9. After , Holly sat on the sofa motionless, crossing her fingers on her lips. (come) 回家后，霍莉一动不动地坐在沙发上，把手指交叉放在嘴唇上。 10. She jumped up, screaming in an excited voice, and around me like a vice. (wrap) 她激动地尖叫着跳了起来，用虎钳一样用双臂抱住我。 参考答案： l. When the starting gun fired 2. With all the people around cheering 3. who had a look of embarrassment 4. It was a second before Jack that 5. pushing myself to the limit 6. took the letter carefully 7. made their way 8. She recognized me 9. coming back home 10. wrapped her arms 五、牛刀小试 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文 “Will you give my kite a lift?” said my little nephew to his sister, after trying in vain to make it fly by dragging it along the ground. Lucy very kindly took it up and threw it into the air, but her brother neglecting to run off at the same moment, the kite fell down again. “Ah! Now, how awkward you are!” said the little fellow. “It was your fault entirely,” answered his sister. “Try again, children,” said I. Lucy once more took up the kite. But now John was in too great a hurry; he ran off so suddenly that he twitched the kite out of her hand, and it fell flat as before. “Well, who is to blame now?” asked Lucy. “Try again”, said I. They did, and with more care, but a side wind coming suddenly, as Lucy let go of the kite, it was blown against some shrubs, and he tail became entangled in a moment, leaving the poor kite hanging with its head downward. “There, there!” exclaimed John, “That comes of your throwing it all to one side,” “As if I could make the wind blow straight,” said Lucy. In the meantime, I went to the kite's assistance and having disengaged the long tail, I rolled it up, saying, “Come, children, there are too many trees here. Let us find a more open space, and then try again.” We presently found a nice grass plot, at one side of which I took my stand, and all the things being prepared, I tossed the kite up just as little John ran off. It rose with all the dignity of a balloon, and promised a lofty flight, but John, delighted to find it pulled so hard at the string, stopped short to look upward and admire. The string slackened, the kite wavering, and, the wind not being very favorable, down came the kite to the grass. “Oh John, you should not have stopped,” said I, “However, try again.” 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1: “I won't try anymore,” replied he, rather suddenly. . Paragraph 2. After enjoying the sight as long as pleased, little John proceeded to roll up the string slowly. . （一）原文思维导图 请根据原文绘制思维导图，完成后请向同桌展示，并开展自评和互评。 参考： （二）续写扩展 请完成续写。 （三）续写草稿展示 请在小组内展示你写出的内容，并相互点评。 （四）句子润色 请根据同学的评语修改你写出的内容，并对文章进行润色。 （五）范文赏析 请阅读范文，并借鉴。 One possible version: Paragraph 1: “I won't try anymore,” replied he, rather suddenly. “It is of no use, you see. The kite won't fly, and I don't want to be plagued with it any longer. ” “Oh, my little man! Would you give up the sport, after all the pains we have taken both to make and to fly the kite? A few disappointments ought not to discourage. Come, I have wound up your string, and now try again.” And he did try, and succeeded, for the kite was carried upward on the breeze as lightly as a feather, and when the string was all out, John stood in great delight, holding fast to the stick and gazing at the kite, which now seemed like a little white speck in the blue sky. “Look, look, Aunt, how high it flies! And it pulls like a team of horses, so that I can hardly hold it. I wish I had a mile of string: I am sure it would go to the end of it.” Paragraph 2: After enjoying the sight as long as he pleased, little John proceeded to roll up the string slowly. When the kite fell, he took it up with great glee, saying that it was not at all hurt, and that it had behaved very well. “Shall we come out tomorrow, Aunt, after lessons, and try again?” “I have no objection, my dear, if the weather is fine. And now, as we are walking home, tell me what you have learned from your morning's sport.” “I have learned to fly my kite properly.” You may thank Aunt for it, Brother,” said Lucy, “for you would have given it up long ago, if she had not persuaded you to try again.” “Yes, dear children, I wish to teach you the value of perseverance, especially when nothing more depends upon it than the flying of a kite. Whenever you fail in your attempts to do any good thing, let your motto be: try again.” 六、总结本课内容 七、复习巩固与教师评阅 1. 修改续写草稿，并进行润色，并提交给老师评阅。 2. 积累行为描写的词汇和短语。 3. 摘抄默写本节课相关表达。 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $