专题08 巧用非谓语动词 (讲义)- 高中英语写作从零开始

2025-11-29
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摘要:

该高中英语高考复习资料聚焦非谓语动词核心考点,系统梳理动词不定式、动名词、分词的句法功能(作主语、宾语、定语等)及用法区别,通过概念解析、用法对比、分层训练(单句语法填空与长句翻译)等环节,帮助学生构建非谓语动词知识网络,突破句式优化难点。 资料创新采用“三步升级法”指导句式优化,通过分析句子主语关系、区分主次动作、选择非谓语形式(如将“I finished homework.I went out”合并为“Having finished homework,I went out”),培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置基础填空(30题)与翻译应用(20题)分层练习,配合即时纠错,确保高效突破考点,为教师精准把控复习进度、提升学生写作句式多样性提供实用支持。

内容正文:

专题08 巧用非谓语动词 写作指导 识 核心概念:什么是非谓语动词?为什么它如此重要? 在一个英语句子中,只能有一个充当谓语的动词。其他所有不充当谓语的动词,都必须改变形式,这些“变了形”的动词,就叫做非谓语动词。 · 谓语动词: 在句子中充当谓语,有人称和数的变化。 · 例如:He likes music. (like 随着主语 He 变成了第三人称单数形式 likes) · 非谓语动词: 在句子中不充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。它保留一些动词的特性(可以有自己的宾语、状语),但同时扮演着名词、形容词或副词的角色。 为什么要在写作中使用非谓语动词? · 简洁凝练: 将两个简单句合并成一个结构紧凑的长句。 · 啰嗦版: I finished my homework. I went out to play. · 高级版: Having finished my homework, I went out to play. (用一个非谓语动词短语代替了整个句子) · 层次分明: 突出主句信息,将次要动作作为背景或修饰。 · 平淡版: The boy is my brother. He is crying over there. · 高级版: The boy crying over there is my brother. (将“正在哭”作为修饰“男孩”的特征) · 句式多样: 避免全部是“主谓宾”的单调句式,增加文章的可读性和地道性。 (一)动词不定式:to do 在句中可以充当:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 1. 作主语 · To master a foreign language requires hard work. · 掌握一门外语需要努力。 · 【写作贴士】 为了使句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式)放到后面。 · It requires hard work to master a foreign language. 2. 作宾语 · 通常放在某些及物动词之后,如:want, hope, decide, plan, agree, promise, learn 等。 · He decided to study abroad. · We hope to see you again. 3. 作表语 · 放在系动词(如 be 动词)后,说明主语的内容。 · His dream is to become a scientist. · My plan is to start early. 4. 作定语 · 放在名词或代词后面,修饰这个名词,表示“将要……的”。 · I have a lot of work to do. (要做的工作) · She is the right person to talk to. (可以交谈的人) 5. 作状语 · 可以表示目的、结果、原因等。 · 目的: I saved money to buy a new bike. (为了买……) · 结果: He woke up to find himself in a hospital. (结果发现……) (二)动名词:V-ing 在句中可以充当:主语、宾语、表语、定语。 它的核心功能是把动词“事物化”。 1. 作主语 · Getting up early is good for your health. · Seeing is believing. (眼见为实。) 2. 作宾语 · a) 动词宾语: 放在某些及物动词后,如:enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind, suggest, consider 等。 · I enjoy reading books. · He suggested going for a walk. · b) 介词宾语: 放在介词后面。 · She is good at swimming. · Thank you for helping me. 3. 作表语 · His job is teaching English. · My hobby is collecting stamps. 4. 作定语 · 表示用途或功能,相当于一个名词。 · a swimming pool (游泳池) · a reading room (阅览室) (三)分词:包括现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed) 分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语。 1. 现在分词 (V-ing) · 语态上: 表示主动。 · 时态上: 表示动作正在进行。 2. 过去分词 (V-ed) · 语态上: 表示被动。 · 时态上: 表示动作已经完成。 核心用法对比: 句子成分 现在分词 (V-ing) 过去分词 (V-ed) 定语 a developing country (一个发展中的国家,主动进行) a developed country (一个发达的国家,被动完成) The boy standing there is Tom. (站在那儿的男孩,主动)** The book written by Lu Xun is famous. (鲁迅写的书,被动) 状语 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. (听到这个消息,他高兴得跳起来。主动,几乎是同时发生) Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (从山上看,这座城市很美。被动,城市“被”看) 宾语补足语 I saw him crossing the street. (我看见他正在过马路。主动进行) I saw the window broken by the boy. (我看见窗户被那个男孩打碎了。被动完成) 表语 The movie is exciting. (这部电影令人兴奋。主动,电影本身具有使人兴奋的特性) We were excited about the news. (我们对这个消息感到兴奋。被动,我们“被”消息弄得兴奋) 如何用非谓语动词升级句子? 1. 找出两个或多个句子中主语之间的关系。 2. 确定哪个是主要动作(作为主句谓语),哪个是次要动作(作为非谓语)。 3. 根据主动/被动、进行/完成关系,选择正确的非谓语形式。 专项练习 练 一、单句语法填空30题 1. I expect ______ (see) you at the meeting tomorrow. 2. She decided ______ (not attend) the party because of illness. 3. The teacher encouraged us ______ (practice) speaking English as much as possible. 4. It’s important ______ (finish) the task on time. 5. He seems ______ (know) the secret already. 6. They plan ______ (travel) to Europe next summer vacation. 7. My parents agreed ______ (let) me learn to play the piano. 8. I hope ______ (visit) your hometown someday. 9. It’s necessary ______ (prepare) for the exam in advance. 10. She promised ______ (help) me with my homework after school. 11. The film is worth ______ (watch) a second time. 12. He spent three hours ______ (repair) his bike. 13. We are looking forward to ______ (receive) your reply. 14. She is used to ______ (get up) early in the morning. 15. The boy couldn’t help ______ (cry) when he heard the bad news. 16. After ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play. 17. Before ______ (leave) the room, please turn off the lights. 18. He succeeded in ______ (pass) the driving test. 19. She dreams of ______ (become) a famous writer. 20. Thank you for ______ (invite) me to your birthday party. 21. ______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend of mine. 22. ______ (not know) his address, I couldn’t get in touch with him. 23. The girl ______ (stand) at the door is my sister. 24. This is a story ______ (write) by Lu Xun. 25. ______ (give) more time, we can finish the work better. 26. The bridge ______ (build) last year connects the two villages. 27. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. 28. He fell off the bike, ______ (hurt) his leg badly. 29. The teacher entered the classroom, ______ (follow) by some students. 30. ______ (work) hard, and you will make great progress. 二、长句翻译20题 1. 为了提高英语水平,他每天坚持读英文报纸。 2. 被老师表扬后,这个男孩更加努力学习了。 3. 我有很多作业要做,所以不能和你一起去看电影了。 4. 看到妈妈回来,孩子们高兴地跳了起来。 5. 我们应该学会如何解决生活中遇到的问题。 6. 这本书是专门为初学者设计的,非常容易理解。 7. 完成所有任务后,他们感到既疲惫又满足。 8. 她建议我们去公园散步,放松一下心情。 9. 由于没有收到他的消息,我开始担心他的安全。 10. 那个穿着红色连衣裙的女孩是我们班的学习委员。 11. 他花了整整一个月的时间准备这次重要的考试。 12. 听到这个令人兴奋的消息,所有人都欢呼起来。 13. 为了避免迟到,我们最好现在就出发。 14. 这是我第一次参观这么美丽的历史名城。 15. 老师让我们课后复习今天所学的内容。 16. 受到父母的鼓励,她决定追求自己的音乐梦想。 17. 正在操场上打篮球的那些男孩是我们学校的冠军队。 18. 掌握一门外语需要大量的时间和努力。 19. 他拒绝了我的帮助,说他自己能够完成这项工作。 20. 从太空看,地球是一个被蓝色海洋覆盖的美丽星球。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题08 巧用非谓语动词 写作指导 识 核心概念:什么是非谓语动词?为什么它如此重要? 在一个英语句子中,只能有一个充当谓语的动词。其他所有不充当谓语的动词,都必须改变形式,这些“变了形”的动词,就叫做非谓语动词。 · 谓语动词: 在句子中充当谓语,有人称和数的变化。 · 例如:He likes music. (like 随着主语 He 变成了第三人称单数形式 likes) · 非谓语动词: 在句子中不充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。它保留一些动词的特性(可以有自己的宾语、状语),但同时扮演着名词、形容词或副词的角色。 为什么要在写作中使用非谓语动词? · 简洁凝练: 将两个简单句合并成一个结构紧凑的长句。 · 啰嗦版: I finished my homework. I went out to play. · 高级版: Having finished my homework, I went out to play. (用一个非谓语动词短语代替了整个句子) · 层次分明: 突出主句信息,将次要动作作为背景或修饰。 · 平淡版: The boy is my brother. He is crying over there. · 高级版: The boy crying over there is my brother. (将“正在哭”作为修饰“男孩”的特征) · 句式多样: 避免全部是“主谓宾”的单调句式,增加文章的可读性和地道性。 (一)动词不定式:to do 在句中可以充当:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 1. 作主语 · To master a foreign language requires hard work. · 掌握一门外语需要努力。 · 【写作贴士】 为了使句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式)放到后面。 · It requires hard work to master a foreign language. 2. 作宾语 · 通常放在某些及物动词之后,如:want, hope, decide, plan, agree, promise, learn 等。 · He decided to study abroad. · We hope to see you again. 3. 作表语 · 放在系动词(如 be 动词)后,说明主语的内容。 · His dream is to become a scientist. · My plan is to start early. 4. 作定语 · 放在名词或代词后面,修饰这个名词,表示“将要……的”。 · I have a lot of work to do. (要做的工作) · She is the right person to talk to. (可以交谈的人) 5. 作状语 · 可以表示目的、结果、原因等。 · 目的: I saved money to buy a new bike. (为了买……) · 结果: He woke up to find himself in a hospital. (结果发现……) (二)动名词:V-ing 在句中可以充当:主语、宾语、表语、定语。 它的核心功能是把动词“事物化”。 1. 作主语 · Getting up early is good for your health. · Seeing is believing. (眼见为实。) 2. 作宾语 · a) 动词宾语: 放在某些及物动词后,如:enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind, suggest, consider 等。 · I enjoy reading books. · He suggested going for a walk. · b) 介词宾语: 放在介词后面。 · She is good at swimming. · Thank you for helping me. 3. 作表语 · His job is teaching English. · My hobby is collecting stamps. 4. 作定语 · 表示用途或功能,相当于一个名词。 · a swimming pool (游泳池) · a reading room (阅览室) (三)分词:包括现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed) 分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语。 1. 现在分词 (V-ing) · 语态上: 表示主动。 · 时态上: 表示动作正在进行。 2. 过去分词 (V-ed) · 语态上: 表示被动。 · 时态上: 表示动作已经完成。 核心用法对比: 句子成分 现在分词 (V-ing) 过去分词 (V-ed) 定语 a developing country (一个发展中的国家,主动进行) a developed country (一个发达的国家,被动完成) The boy standing there is Tom. (站在那儿的男孩,主动)** The book written by Lu Xun is famous. (鲁迅写的书,被动) 状语 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. (听到这个消息,他高兴得跳起来。主动,几乎是同时发生) Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (从山上看,这座城市很美。被动,城市“被”看) 宾语补足语 I saw him crossing the street. (我看见他正在过马路。主动进行) I saw the window broken by the boy. (我看见窗户被那个男孩打碎了。被动完成) 表语 The movie is exciting. (这部电影令人兴奋。主动,电影本身具有使人兴奋的特性) We were excited about the news. (我们对这个消息感到兴奋。被动,我们“被”消息弄得兴奋) 如何用非谓语动词升级句子? 1. 找出两个或多个句子中主语之间的关系。 2. 确定哪个是主要动作(作为主句谓语),哪个是次要动作(作为非谓语)。 3. 根据主动/被动、进行/完成关系,选择正确的非谓语形式。 专项练习 练 一、单句语法填空30题 1. I expect ______ (see) you at the meeting tomorrow. 2. She decided ______ (not attend) the party because of illness. 3. The teacher encouraged us ______ (practice) speaking English as much as possible. 4. It’s important ______ (finish) the task on time. 5. He seems ______ (know) the secret already. 6. They plan ______ (travel) to Europe next summer vacation. 7. My parents agreed ______ (let) me learn to play the piano. 8. I hope ______ (visit) your hometown someday. 9. It’s necessary ______ (prepare) for the exam in advance. 10. She promised ______ (help) me with my homework after school. 11. The film is worth ______ (watch) a second time. 12. He spent three hours ______ (repair) his bike. 13. We are looking forward to ______ (receive) your reply. 14. She is used to ______ (get up) early in the morning. 15. The boy couldn’t help ______ (cry) when he heard the bad news. 16. After ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play. 17. Before ______ (leave) the room, please turn off the lights. 18. He succeeded in ______ (pass) the driving test. 19. She dreams of ______ (become) a famous writer. 20. Thank you for ______ (invite) me to your birthday party. 21. ______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend of mine. 22. ______ (not know) his address, I couldn’t get in touch with him. 23. The girl ______ (stand) at the door is my sister. 24. This is a story ______ (write) by Lu Xun. 25. ______ (give) more time, we can finish the work better. 26. The bridge ______ (build) last year connects the two villages. 27. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. 28. He fell off the bike, ______ (hurt) his leg badly. 29. The teacher entered the classroom, ______ (follow) by some students. 30. ______ (work) hard, and you will make great progress. 二、长句翻译20题 1. 为了提高英语水平,他每天坚持读英文报纸。 2. 被老师表扬后,这个男孩更加努力学习了。 3. 我有很多作业要做,所以不能和你一起去看电影了。 4. 看到妈妈回来,孩子们高兴地跳了起来。 5. 我们应该学会如何解决生活中遇到的问题。 6. 这本书是专门为初学者设计的,非常容易理解。 7. 完成所有任务后,他们感到既疲惫又满足。 8. 她建议我们去公园散步,放松一下心情。 9. 由于没有收到他的消息,我开始担心他的安全。 10. 那个穿着红色连衣裙的女孩是我们班的学习委员。 11. 他花了整整一个月的时间准备这次重要的考试。 12. 听到这个令人兴奋的消息,所有人都欢呼起来。 13. 为了避免迟到,我们最好现在就出发。 14. 这是我第一次参观这么美丽的历史名城。 15. 老师让我们课后复习今天所学的内容。 16. 受到父母的鼓励,她决定追求自己的音乐梦想。 17. 正在操场上打篮球的那些男孩是我们学校的冠军队。 18. 掌握一门外语需要大量的时间和努力。 19. 他拒绝了我的帮助,说他自己能够完成这项工作。 20. 从太空看,地球是一个被蓝色海洋覆盖的美丽星球。 答案: 1. to see(expect to do sth. 期待做某事) 2. not to attend(decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事) 3. to practice(encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事) 4. to finish(It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要) 5. to know(seem to do sth. 似乎做某事) 6. to travel(plan to do sth. 计划做某事) 7. to let(agree to do sth. 同意做某事) 8. to visit(hope to do sth. 希望做某事) 9. to prepare(It’s necessary to do sth. 做某事有必要) 10. to help(promise to do sth. 承诺做某事) 11. watching(be worth doing sth. 值得做某事,主动表被动) 12. repairing(spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事) 13. receiving(look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事,to为介词) 14. getting up(be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事,to为介词) 15. crying(couldn’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事) 16. finishing(after为介词,后接动名词作宾语) 17. leaving(before为介词,后接动名词作宾语) 18. passing(succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事,in为介词) 19. becoming(dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事,of为介词) 20. inviting(thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事,for为介词) 21. Walking(现在分词作伴随状语,主语I与walk为主动关系) 22. Not knowing(现在分词的否定式作原因状语,主语I与know为主动关系) 23. standing(现在分词作后置定语,girl与stand为主动关系) 24. written(过去分词作后置定语,story与write为被动关系) 25. Given(过去分词作条件状语,we与give为被动关系) 26. built(过去分词作后置定语,bridge与build为被动关系) 27. Seen(过去分词作时间状语,city与see为被动关系) 28. hurting(现在分词作结果状语,表自然结果) 29. followed(过去分词作伴随状语,teacher与follow为被动关系) 30. Work(祈使句+and+陈述句,用动词原形开头) 二、长句翻译20题答案 1. To improve his English, he keeps reading English newspapers every day.(不定式作目的状语) 2. Praised by the teacher, the boy studied even harder.(过去分词作原因状语) 3. I have a lot of homework to do, so I can’t go to the movies with you.(不定式作后置定语) 4. Seeing their mother come back, the children jumped with joy.(现在分词作时间状语) 5. We should learn how to solve the problems encountered in life.(过去分词作后置定语) 6. Designed specifically for beginners, this book is very easy to understand.(过去分词作状语;不定式作表语补足语) 7. Having finished all the tasks, they felt both tired and satisfied.(现在分词完成式作时间状语,表先于主句动作) 8. She suggested that we go for a walk in the park to relax ourselves.(不定式作目的状语) 9. Not having received his message, I began to worry about his safety.(现在分词完成式的否定式作原因状语) 10. The girl wearing a red dress is the study monitor of our class.(现在分词作后置定语) 11. He spent a whole month preparing for this important exam.(spend+时间+doing sth.) 12. Hearing the exciting news, everyone cheered up.(现在分词作时间状语) 13. To avoid being late, we’d better set off now.(不定式作目的状语;avoid doing sth. 避免做某事) 14. This is the first time I have visited such a beautiful historic city.(不定式作后置定语,修饰time) 15. The teacher asked us to review what we had learned today after class.(ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事) 16. Encouraged by her parents, she decided to pursue her music dream.(过去分词作原因状语) 17. The boys playing basketball on the playground are the champion team of our school.(现在分词作后置定语) 18. Mastering a foreign language requires a lot of time and effort.(动名词作主语) 19. He refused my help, saying that he could finish the work by himself.(现在分词作伴随状语) 20. Seen from space, the Earth is a beautiful planet covered by blue oceans.(过去分词作状语;过去分词作后置定语) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题08 巧用非谓语动词 (讲义)- 高中英语写作从零开始
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