专题04 非谓语动词“三剑客” -不定式分词动名词决胜 (培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

2025-11-29
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摘要:

该高中英语讲义聚焦非谓语动词高考核心考点,按不定式、分词、动名词的时态语态及句法功能分层架构,通过考情精析锁定靶心,考点深解扫清盲区,解题思维优化提炼方法,结合真题典例与变式巩固,系统帮助学生突破逻辑关系判断等难点。 资料创新采用“三步法”解题策略,如通过“结构识别→逻辑关系判断→语态时态选择”培养思维品质,结合口诀记忆法强化不定式省略to等考点,设置分层练习适配不同学情,高效提升学生语言能力,为教师把控复习节奏提供精准指导。

内容正文:

专题04 非谓语动词“三剑客”-- 不定式分词动名词决胜 目录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】非谓语动词时态与语态以及否定式 【考点02】不定式作状语和补语 【考点03】不定式作宾语和定语 【考点04】不定式作主语和表语 【考点05】不定式省略to的特殊情况 【考点06】分词作状语和补语 【考点07】分词作表语和定语 【考点08】高分关键--独立主格结构 【考点09】动名词作主语和表语 【考点10】动名词作宾语和定语 【考点11】动名词的复合结构 【考点12】非谓语动词综合应用与易混点终极对决 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】考查不定式作状语和补语 【题型02】考查不定式作作宾语和定语 【题型03】考查不定式作主语和表语 【题型04】考查分词作状语和补语 【题型05】考查分词作表语和定语 【题型06】考查动名词作主语和表语 【题型07】考查动名词作宾语和定语 核心考向聚焦 核心价值: 掌握非谓语动词是提升句子复杂度、增强语言表达逻辑性与准确性的关键,直接影响写作与阅读理解能力。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:本专题重点考查非谓语动词的时态语态判断、句法功能辨析(状语、定语、宾语等)及易混结构区分。。 培优瓶颈:学生易混淆不定式、分词与动名词的用法,难以在复杂语境中判断逻辑主语与语态,独立主格结构应用不熟练。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测: 高考将结合语篇重点考查非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾补的用法,突出时态语态辨析及独立主格结构的高分应用。 策略:强化“结构识别→逻辑关系判断→语态时态选择”三步法,分类突破固定搭配,通过真题演练提升语境分析能力。 ◇考点 01 非谓语动词时态与语态以及否定式 1. 非谓语动词各种形式及其意义(以do为例) 非谓语类型 主动形式 被动形式 否定式构成 不定式 to do(一般式) to be doing(进行式) to have done(完成式) to have been doing(完成进行式) to be done(一般式) to have been done(完成式) not to do not to have done not to be done 现在分词 doing(一般式) having done(完成式) being done(一般式) having been done(完成式) not doing not having done not being done 过去分词 无(本身表被动/完成) 无 not done 动名词 doing(一般式) having done(完成式) being done(一般式) having been done(完成式) not doing not having done 2. 非谓语动词时态与语态 时态语态应用对比 1. 一般式vs.完成式: He seems to know the secret.(不定式一般式:know与seem同时发生) He seems to have known the secret.(不定式完成式:know发生在seem之前) 2. 主动vs.被动: Seenfrom the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.(过去分词表被动:城市被看) Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a good view of the city.(现在分词表主动:我们看) 难点突破:时态判断三原则 1. 时间关系原则:非谓语动作与谓语动作的时间关系(同时/之前/之后)决定时态; 2. 逻辑关系原则:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动)决定语态; 3. 固定搭配原则:部分动词后接不定式完成式表"本应做而未做"(如hope to have done)。 ◇考点 02 不定式作状语和补语 1.不定式作状语——"目的、结果、原因"的精准表达 状语类型 特征标志 典型例句 目的状语 常与in order to/so as to连用(so as to不能位于句首) We started earlyto catchthe first bus. In order toimprove English, he joined the club. 结果状语 常与only连用表"意外结果" He rushed to the station onlyto findthe train had left. 原因状语 常用于表情感的形容词后 I'm gladto seeyou again. She was surprisedto hearthe news. so...as to vs. such...as to He isso kind as to helpus.(so+形容词+as to) He issuch a kind person as to helpus.(such+名词+as to) 2.不定式作补语——"主谓宾补"结构的核心要素 不定式作宾补时构成"主语+谓语+宾语+不定式"结构,根据谓语动词的语义特征,可分为三类: 1). 感官动词/使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式:see, watch, hear, feel, notice, let, make, have(被动语态需还原to) We saw himenterthe room.(主动语态不带to) He was seento enterthe room.(被动语态带to) 2). 情感动词+宾语+to不定式:want, wish, expect, hope, would like, encourage, persuade 3). 特殊动词+宾语+to be+adj./n.:consider, think, believe, find, feel We expect themto arriveat 8:00.(expect后必须带to) We consider himto be an expert.(to be可省略) 补语to的"有无"判断法 1. 口诀记忆法: "一感二听三让四看半帮助"(feel, hear/listento, let/make/have, see/watch/notice/observe, help)后接不定式作宾补时可省略to(help可带可不带); 2. 被动还原法:被动语态中所有不定式宾补均需还原to; 3. 否定转移法:否定形式在不定式前加not(如ask sb. not to do)。 不定式作宾语体现动词与动作的语义关联,作定语则对名词进行修饰限定,二者在高考中考查频率高且易与动名词混淆。 ◇考点 03 不定式作宾语和定语 1. 不定式作宾语——"动词+不定式"的固定搭配体系 英语中约有50个常用动词后接不定式作宾语,可分为三类: 1). 纯不定式宾语动词(只能接不定式):want, hope, wish, decide, plan, manage, afford, happen, fail She decidedto studyabroad.(√) She decidedstudyingabroad.(×) 2). 疑问词+不定式结构:how, what, when, where, which+to do作宾语 He doesn't knowwhat to do.(不定式前必须有疑问词) 3). 形式宾语it+形容词+不定式:find, think, feel, consider+it+adj.+to do We findit important to learnEnglish.(it为形式宾语,真正宾语是to learn) 高频动词不定式搭配清单 承诺类:promise to do, agree to do, undertake to do 能力类:able to do, manage to do, fail to do 意愿类:want to do, would like to do, refuse to do 计划类:plan to do, intend to do, arrange to do 2. 不定式作定语——"未来动作"的修饰限定 不定式作定语表示"将要发生的动作",与被修饰名词构成"动宾关系"或"主谓关系",高考常考查其逻辑关系及否定形式。 1). 动宾关系(不定式与名词是逻辑动宾): I have a lot of homeworkto do.(do homework,不定式逻辑宾语是homework) She needs a pento write with.(不及物动词需加介词) 2). 主谓关系(不定式与名词是逻辑主谓): He is always the firstto arrive.(he arrives,名词是不定式逻辑主语) 3). 修饰抽象名词(ability, chance, opportunity等): He has the abilityto solvethis problem.(固定搭配) 考点警示:定语不定式的"三注意" 1. 介词不可少:不及物动词作定语时必须加介词(如a room to live in); 2. 主动表被动:当不定式与名词是动宾关系且句子主语是不定式动作执行者时,用主动形式表被动意义(如I have a letter to write); 3. 时间区别:不定式作定语表未来动作,现在分词表正在进行,过去分词表完成被动(如a meeting to be held tomorrow/a meeting being held now/a meeting held yesterday)。 ◇考点 04 不定式作主语和表语 不定式作主语表示具体动作或一次性行为,作表语则说明主语的性质或内容,二者在结构上有特定要求,是高考基础考点。 1. 不定式作主语——"形式主语it"的典型应用 不定式作主语有两种结构:直接作主语和it作形式主语,后者更为常见且符合英语表达习惯。 1). 直接作主语(常用于句首,强调具体动作): To learnEnglish well is important.(主语较长,口语中较少用) 2). it作形式主语(It+be+adj./n.+to do): It is important to learnEnglish well.(it替代to learn作形式主语) It is a pleasure to meetyou.(名词作表语) It took me three hours to finishthe work.(表"花费"的固定句型) 常用形容词 典型句型 语义特点 important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard It is adj. to do sth. 表事物性质 kind, good, clever, foolish It is adj. of sb. to do sth. 表人物品质(adj.可修饰人) possible, impossible, necessary It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 表客观可能性(adj.修饰事) 2. 不定式作表语——"主语内容与性质"的说明 不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、性质或将要发生的动作,常用于以下情况: 1). 主语是抽象名词(aim, duty, hope, job等): Our duty isto protectthe environment.(说明duty的内容) 2). 主语是what引导的名词性从句: What he wants isto goabroad.(从句作主语,不定式作表语) 3). 主语是不定式(前后照应): To seeisto believe.(前后均为不定式,表"眼见为实") 易混点辨析:不定式vs.动名词作主语/表语 1. 时间概念不同:不定式表具体/一次性动作(To swim today is good for you);动名词表习惯/抽象动作(Swimming is good for you);2. 结构要求不同:不定式作主语常用it作形式主语,动名词则可直接作主语;3. 表语一致性:主语是不定式,表语也用不定式;主语是动名词,表语也用动名词。 ◇考点 05 不定式省略to的特殊情况 不定式在特定结构中省略to是高考"陷阱考点",考查频率高且错误率高,需精准掌握9种特殊情形。 省略类型 典型结构 例句对比 感官使役动词后 see/hear/make/let+sb.+do He made mecry.(主动) I was madeto cry.(被动,还原to) help后可省to help sb. (to) do She helped me(to) carrythe box.(均可) 情态动词后 can/may/must+do You muststudyhard.(√) You mustto studyhard.(×) why (not) do结构 Why (not)+do Why not gowith us?(√) Why not to gowith us?(×) 并列不定式后项 to do A and (to) do B He wantsto readand(to) write.(后to可省) had better结构 had better (not) do You'd betterleavenow.(√) would rather结构 would rather do than do I'd ratherstaythango.(前后均省to) prefer to do rather than do prefer to do A rather than do B She prefersto readrather thanwatch TV.(than后省to) 固定句型 do nothing but/except do He did nothing butplayall day.(前有do,后省to) 1. 比较结构中的to省略: She likes singing more thandancing.(前后都是动名词) She likes to sing more thanto dance.(前后都是不定式,to不可省) She likes to sing more thandance.(错误,前后结构不一致) 2. but/except前有do的省略规则: He has no choice butto wait.(前无do,不省to) He did nothing butwait.(前有do,省to) 记忆口诀与解题技巧 省略to口诀:"一感二听三让四看半帮助,had better, why not, would rather,but前有do,to要省去"; 解题三步法: 1. 识别结构类型; 2. 检查是否符合省略条件; 3. 被动语态需还原to。 ◇考点 06 分词作状语和补语 分词(现在分词和过去分词)作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等多种语义关系,作补语则补充说明宾语状态,是高考"区分度考点"。 1. 分词作状语——"逻辑主语与主被动关系"的核心判断 分词作状语的核心考点是"分词与其逻辑主语的关系",现在分词表主动/进行,过去分词表被动/完成,高考常结合时态语态综合考查。 状语类型 现在分词例句(主动/进行) 过去分词例句(被动/完成) 时间状语 Walkingalong the street, I met Mary.(=When I was walking) Seenfrom the sky, the city looks beautiful.(=When the city is seen) 原因状语 Being ill, he didn't go to school.(=Because he was ill) Born in a poor family, he worked hard.(=Because he was born) 条件状语 Working hard, you will succeed.(=If you work hard) Given more time, we can do it better.(=If we are given) 让步状语 Knowing the truth, he still kept silent.(=Though he knew) Tiredas he was, he went on working.(=Though he was tired) 伴随状语 He sat there,reading a book.(同时进行的动作) He came in,followed by a dog.(被动伴随) 结果状语 He died,leaving his son alone.(自然而然的结果) The old house was destroyed,reduced to ruins.(被动结果) 黄金解题法则:"一分二看三判断" 1) 分类型:确定是现在分词还是过去分词; 2) 看主语:找到分词的逻辑主语(通常是句子主语); 3) 判关系:判断逻辑主语与分词的关系(主动/被动)。 口诀:"主语主动doing,主语被动done"。 2. 分词作补语——"宾语状态与动作过程"的补充说明 分词作补语表示宾语的"状态"或"正在进行的动作",与不定式作补语的"全过程"形成对比,是高考易混点。 1). 感官动词+宾语+分词(表状态/进行): I saw himplaying basketball.(看见正在做,现在分词) I found the doorclosed.(发现处于关闭状态,过去分词) 2). 使役动词+宾语+分词(表"使宾语处于某种状态"): He kept mewaitingfor an hour.(现在分词,表主动进行) We had the housepainted.(过去分词,表被动完成) 3). with复合结构中的分词补语: With the lightsburning, he worked all night.(现在分词,主动) With his homeworkfinished, he went to bed.(过去分词,被动) ◇考点 07 分词作表语和定语 分词作表语表示主语的性质或状态,作定语则修饰名词,二者均需区分现在分词与过去分词的语义差异,是高考"高频易错点"。 1.分词作表语——"ing令人-ed感到"的语义区分 现在分词作表语表示主语"令人感到…",过去分词表示主语"自身感到…",语义差异明显,高考常结合情感形容词考查。 分词类型 语义特征 主语类型 典型例句 现在分词(ing) 令人…的(主动特征) 通常是物 The movie isexciting.(电影令人兴奋) 过去分词(ed) 感到…的(被动感受) 通常是人 We areexcitedabout the movie.(我们感到兴奋) 易混分词表语对比 interesting(令人感兴趣的)vs. interested(感兴趣的) The book isinteresting.(书令人感兴趣) I aminterestedin the book.(我对书感兴趣) disappointing(令人失望的)vs. disappointed(失望的) The result was disappointing.(结果令人失望) We were disappointed with the result.(我们感到失望) surprising(令人惊讶的)vs. surprised(惊讶的) His words were surprising.(话令人惊讶) She looked surprised at the news.(她感到惊讶) 3.分词作定语——"主动/被动、进行/完成"的修饰限定 分词作定语时,现在分词表示"主动进行",过去分词表示"被动完成",与不定式作定语的"未来动作"形成时间对比,高考常考查三者区别。 1. 现在分词作定语(主动/进行): abarkingdog(正在叫的狗,主动进行) falling leaves(正在落下的叶子,主动进行) 2. 过去分词作定语(被动/完成): abrokenwindow(被打破的窗户,被动完成) developed countries(发达国家,完成意义) 3. 分词短语作定语(后置): a girlwearing a red dress(穿红裙子的女孩,主动) the bookwritten by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书,被动) 解题技巧:定语三选一(不定式/现在分词/过去分词) 时间轴判断法: 1. 未来动作→不定式(a meeting to be held tomorrow); 2. 正在进行→现在分词(a meeting being held now); 3. 被动完成→过去分词(a meeting held yesterday)。 逻辑关系法:主动关系→现在分词;被动关系→过去分词。 ◇考点 08 高分关键--独立主格结构 1. 独立主格结构的基本形式 独立主格结构是"分词作状语"的延伸,当分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时使用,是高考"高分考点",能显著提升书面表达档次。 独立主格结构的基本形式:"逻辑主语+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语",在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等,高考重点考查"名词+分词"结构。 结构类型 构成方式 典型例句 名词+现在分词 逻辑主语+doing (主动/进行) Weather permitting, we will go picnic.(天气允许的话) 名词+过去分词 逻辑主语+done (被动/完成) The work finished, we went home.(工作完成后) 名词+不定式 逻辑主语+to do (未来动作) He suggested a trip to Beijing,his wife to join him.(他妻子将加入) with复合结构 with+宾语+宾补 (分词/形容词等) Withthe problem solved, we felt relieved.(问题解决后) 核心考点:独立主格与分词作状语的区别 关键区别:分词作状语时,分词逻辑主语必须是句子主语;独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语,与句子主语不同。 例句对比: 1.Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.(分词作状语,standing的逻辑主语是we) 2.The tower standing there, we could see the whole city.(独立主格,standing的逻辑主语是the tower) 独立主格结构"四注意" 1. 逻辑主语与句子主语不同,必须独立存在 2. 结构中不能用谓语动词,只能用非谓语动词或其他词类 3. with复合结构是独立主格的特殊形式,高考考查频率最高 4. 书面表达中使用独立主格可提升语法复杂度和表达档次 ◇考点 09 动名词作主语和表语 1.动名词作主语——"习惯性动作"的典型表达 动名词作主语有两种结构:直接作主语和it作形式主语,前者更强调动作本身,后者常用于特定句型。 1). 直接作主语(表习惯性/抽象动作): Swimmingis good for health.(游泳有益健康,表抽象概念) Reading aloudhelps improve pronunciation.(大声朗读有助于提高发音,表习惯性动作) 2). it作形式主语(用于特定句型): It is no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收,固定句型It is no use/good doing) It is worth tryingagain.(值得再试一次,It is worth doing句型) 2. 动名词作表语——"主语内容"的解释说明 动名词作表语时,说明主语的具体内容或性质,主语通常是表示动作的名词(如hobby, job, task等)或what引导的名词性从句。 1). 说明主语内容(主语为抽象名词): His hobby iscollecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮,说明hobby的内容) Her job isteaching English.(她的工作是教英语,说明job的内容) 2). 主语为what引导的从句: What he likes best isplaying basketball.(他最喜欢的是打篮球) What matters most isstudying hard.(最重要的是努力学习) 易混点辨析:动名词vs.不定式作主语/表语 1. 语义区别:动名词表习惯性/抽象动作(Swimming is my hobby);不定式表具体/一次性动作(To swim tomorrow is my plan); 2. 结构对称:主语为动名词,表语也用动名词;主语为不定式,表语也用不定式(Seeing is believing);3. 常用句型:It is no use/good/worth后只能接动名词,不能接不定式。 ◇考点 10 动名词作宾语和定语 1. 动名词作宾语——"动词+doing"的固定搭配体系 英语中约有80个常用动词/动词短语后接动名词作宾语,高考重点考查"纯动名词宾语动词"和"to doing结构"。 类别 核心动词/短语 典型例句 纯动名词宾语动词 enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, miss, keep She enjoyssingingin the shower.(她喜欢在淋浴时唱歌) 动词短语 give up, put off, look forward to, be used to, insist on, feel like We are looking forward tomeetingyou.(我们期待见到你) 介词后接动名词 be good at, be interested in, think about, instead of, before He is good atplaying football.(他擅长踢足球) 2. 动名词作定语——"用途与功能"的修饰限定 动名词作定语时,通常位于名词前,说明该名词的用途或功能,与现在分词作定语的"主动进行"语义不同。 1). 说明用途("用于做某事的..."): aswimmingpool(游泳池,用于游泳的池子,动名词作定语) areadingroom(阅览室,用于阅读的房间,动名词作定语) 2). 与现在分词作定语的区别: arunningman(正在跑的人,现在分词表主动进行) arunningtrack(跑道,动名词表用途,用于跑步的跑道) 考点警示:"to doing"结构的识别 部分以to结尾的短语中,to是介词而非不定式符号,后接动名词,高考高频考查以下6个短语: look forward to(期待), be used to(习惯于), pay attention to(注意), devote...to(致力于), get used to(习惯于), object to(反对) 例句:She is used togetting upearly.(她习惯早起,to是介词,接动名词) ◇考点 11 动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构有两种形式: 1). 正式形式:名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词(作主语或宾语) Tom's cominglate made the teacher angry.(汤姆迟到使老师生气,名词所有格作逻辑主语) I appreciateyour helpingme.(感谢你帮助我,形容词性物主代词作逻辑主语) 2). 非正式形式:名词普通格/人称代词宾格+动名词(仅作宾语) I don't mindhim/his smokinghere.(我不介意他在这里抽烟,宾格/所有格均可) We are looking forward toMary/Mary's visitingus.(期待玛丽来看我们) 名词所有格+doing 主语、宾语 Mike's winningthe game surprised us.(主语) I heard ofMike's winningthe game.(宾语) 形容词性物主代词+doing 主语、宾语 His being lateis unusual.(主语) She dislikesmy being late.(宾语) 名词普通格/宾格+doing 仅作宾语 I rememberhim/Mike coming.(宾语) 解题技巧:逻辑主语的判断方法 1. 作主语时:必须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词(Tom'sarriving late is a problem); 2. 作宾语时:名词普通格/人称代词宾格更口语化,所有格形式更正式; 3. 无生命名词:用普通格(The book'sselling well surprised us →The bookselling well surprised us)。 动名词考点总结 1. 动名词作主语表抽象/习惯性动作,不定式表具体/一次性动作 2. 熟记"动词+动名词"固定搭配,尤其是"to doing"结构 3. 动名词作定语表用途,现在分词作定语表主动进行 4. 复合结构中,逻辑主语用名词所有格/形容词性物主代词(正式)或普通格/宾格(非正式) 5. 书面表达中使用动名词复合结构可提升语法复杂度 动名词复合结构与独立主格结构形式相似但语法功能不同,是高考"深度易混点",需从构成、功能和逻辑关系三方面区分。 动名词复合结构 逻辑主语(所有格/物主代词)+动名词 作主语、宾语、表语(名词性成分) 逻辑主语与动名词是主谓关系 His coming lateannoyed me.(作主语,名词性成分) 独立主格结构 逻辑主语(名词/代词)+分词/形容词/副词/介词短语 作状语(修饰整个句子) 逻辑主语与分词是主谓/动宾关系 He coming late, the meeting was delayed.(作状语,修饰整个句子) ◇考点 12 非谓语动词综合应用与易混点终极对决 1. 掌握12组核心动词的语义区别 英语中约有20个动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时语义差异显著,是高考"陷阱考点",错误率高达45%,需精准掌握12组核心动词的语义区别。 动词 接不定式(to do)语义 接动名词(doing)语义 remember 记得要做某事(未做) I mustremember to callhim.(记得要打电话,还没打) 记得做过某事(已做) Iremember callinghim yesterday.(记得打过电话,已做) forget 忘记要做某事(未做) Iforgot to lockthe door.(忘记锁门,未锁) 忘记做过某事(已做) Iforgot lockingthe door.(忘记锁过门,已锁) regret 后悔要做某事(未做) Iregret to tellyou the bad news.(遗憾地告诉你,未说) 后悔做过某事(已做) Iregret tellinghim the secret.(后悔告诉了,已说) try 努力做某事(尽力) Itried to solvethe problem.(努力解题,尽力) 尝试做某事(试试看) Itried solvingthe problem in another way.(尝试另一种方法,试试看) mean 打算做某事(意图) Imean to helpyou.(打算帮你,意图) 意味着做某事(意义) Learning Englishmeans workinghard.(学英语意味着努力,意义) stop 停下来去做另一件事 Hestopped to talkto me.(停下(正在做的事)来和我说话) 停止正在做的事 Hestopped talkingwhen I came in.(停止说话,不再说) 时间轴记忆法: 不定式(to do)表示"未来动作"(未做),动名词(doing)表示"过去动作"(已做); 口诀法:"记得要做未做,记得做过已做;忘记要做未做,忘记做过已做"; 语境分析法:根据上下文判断动作是否已发生,如出现yesterday, last week等过去时间状语,通常用doing。 2. 感官动词后接不定式和分词作宾补 感官动词后接不定式和分词作宾补时语义差异显著,不定式表"全过程/经常性动作",分词表"正在进行/状态",是高考"高频易错点"。 宾补类型 语义特征 典型例句 高考考查角度 不带to的不定式(do) 全过程/经常性动作 强调动作的完整性 I saw himenterthe room.(看见他进屋的全过程:从门口到屋内) 动作是否完成 现在分词(doing) 正在进行的动作 强调动作的进行性 I saw himenteringthe room.(看见他正在进屋:动作正在发生) 动作是否正在进行 过去分词(done) 被动/完成状态 强调宾语的状态 I found the windowbroken.(发现窗户是破的:状态) 宾语与动作的关系 语义对比与语境分析 1. see sb. do vs. see sb. doing: I saw her crossthe street.(我看见她过马路了。→完整过程,已完成) I saw her crossingthe street.(我看见她正在过马路。→动作正在进行,可能只看到一部分) 2. hear sb. sing vs. hear sb. singing: I heard her singthe song.(我听她唱了这首歌。→完整听完) I heard her singingthe song.(我听见她正在唱这首歌。→可能只听到片段) 3. find sb. do vs. find sb. doing vs. find sb. done: I found him workhard every day.(我发现他每天努力工作。→经常性动作) I found him workinghard.(我发现他正在努力工作。→正在进行) I found him exhausted.(我发现他筋疲力尽。→状态) 解题"三看"技巧 1. 看时间状语:出现every day, often等频率副词,通常用do(经常性动作); 2. 看语境提示:出现at 8 o'clock yesterday, when I passed by等时间点提示,通常用doing(正在进行); 3. 看动作完整性:瞬间动词(如enter, open)通常用do表"已发生",延续性动词(如read, work)用doing表"正在进行"。 ◇题型 01 考查不定式作状语和补语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2024年新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 典例2(2023年全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·浙江省金华十校高三上学期11月考试英语试题) Sell products at a loss and call it a strategy? That is the concept of a loss leader: a certain product that is sold below its cost ______ (attract) customers to the store, where they are likely to buy other profitable products. 变式2(2025-2026·湖北省鄂东南教育联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题)The extreme temperatures have led to lower harvests and restricted Europe’s ability ______ (create) its own energy supply. 变式3[原创题]The government has launched a series of campaigns ______ (raise) public awareness about environmental protection, and many citizens have responded positively by reducing plastic use and saving water. 变式4[原创题]The volunteers traveled thousands of miles ________(bring) medical supplies to the remote mountain areas. ◇题型 02 考查不定式作作宾语和定语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年全国一卷)"The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art," says Tu. "We hope ____58____ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism." 典例2(2025年1月浙江卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 典例3(2024年全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend____41____(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11月期中调研测试英语试题)These years, China has stepped up efforts ______ (punish) cybercrimes, showing its sense of responsibility as a major country. 变式2(2025-2026·河北省邯郸市等3地高三上学期11月期中英语试题)Throughout Expo Osaka 2025, the China Pavilion has also hosted a wide range of cultural activities ______ (strengthen) the understanding between China and the world. 变式3(2025-2026·福建省厦门外国语学校高三上学期十月月考英语试题) Nanyin Research Society, a publicly funded organisation, recently took up an award for reviving ancient Nanyin music, the first ever ______ (approach) the problem of preserving its tone with modern recording techniques. 变式4[原创题]Many young people choose ______ (pursue) further education abroad to broaden their horizons and gain international experience. ◇题型 03 考查不定式作主语和表语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2021年全国甲卷)It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 典例2(2019年天津卷)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 变|式|巩|固 变式1[原创题]It is of great significance for students ______ (develop) critical thinking skills, as it helps them analyze problems independently in future study and work. 变式2[原创题]The ultimate goal of the research project is ______ (explore) new energy sources that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. 变式3[原创题]When and where ______ (hold) the next international conference on climate change has not been decided yet by the organizing committee. 变式4[原创题]______ (protect) endangered species is not only a responsibility of governments but also a duty of every citizen. ◇题型 04 考查分词作状语和补语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年北京卷) When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 典例2(2025年北京卷)When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 典例3(2024年新课标Ⅱ卷)__44___ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed." 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·浙江省金华十校高三上学期11月考试英语试题) Instead, they put the ice cream on top of the menu, ______ (follow) by about 35 items that make money. 变式2(2025-2026·湖北省鄂东南教育联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题)From the depths of the big Danube River, the huge wrecks of over a dozen German World War II ships have risen once again, ______ (expose) by a drought that has starved Europe’s rivers and led to some of the lowest water levels of the past century. 变式3(2025-2026·福建省厦门外国语学校高三上学期十月月考英语试题)Their wooden carvings and folk songs keep people ______ (remind) of a shared heritage through time and change. 变式4[原创题]______ (walk) along the street, she noticed a small shop selling handmade crafts, which immediately caught her attention. ◇题型 05 考查分词作表语和定语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年全国二卷) If you've never experienced the "sunshine scent" from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's wonders. 典例2(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao's birthplace. 典例3(2022年北京卷)Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11月期中调研测试英语试题)Cybercrime, often ______ (refer) to as the dark side of the Internet, can come in many different forms. Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or preventing you from accessing your own data. 变式2So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned. 变式3Earth Day, marked on 22, April, is annual event (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 变式4[原创题]The ______ (break) window was repaired by the maintenance worker this morning, ensuring the classroom is safe for students. ◇题型 06 考查动名词作主语和表语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2019年天津卷)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 典例2(2018年北京卷)_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 典例3(2017年北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ___________ from butterflies to elephants. A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·山东省德州市校级联考高三上学期10月月考英语试题)______ (refer) to as elves set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). 变式2(2025-2026·江苏省部分高中高三上10月阶段性检测英语试题) “I cherished this opportunity and was committed to ______ (hit) the target no matter how difficult,” said Wang. 变式3(2025-2026·四川省大数据智学领航联盟高三上学期一模考试英语试题) “Every day when I go out, I carry an iPad and a digital pencil with me,” says Chang, a senior calligrapher and professor, when introducing his new toolkit for ______ (practice) Chinese calligraphy. 变式4[原创题]______ (learn) a foreign language requires patience and consistent practice, which is essential for mastering it well. ◇题型 07 考查动名词作宾语和定语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年1月浙江卷)"I really want to make this work for people's lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend," she says. Page 2] 典例2(2023年全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered. 典例3(2021年全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ___7___ (visit) the place. 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11月期中调研测试英语试题)Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or ______ (prevent) you from accessing your own data. 变式2(2025-2026·黑龙江省实验中学高三上学期10月考英语试卷)Early Chinese cuisine in America was simplified to suit American tastes, which meant that dishes were heavily adapted, with ingredients and cooking techniques ______ (adjust) to accommodate local tastes. 变式3(2025-2026·四川省“元三维大联考”高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试题)Over the 12 years in Beijing, I witnessed firsthand the rise of phenomena like ______ (share) bikes, ride-hailing apps, and coffee culture. 变式4[原创题]She suggested ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem thoroughly, which was agreed upon by all members. 17 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非谓语动词“三剑客”-- 不定式分词动名词决胜 目录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】非谓语动词时态与语态以及否定式 【考点02】不定式作状语和补语 【考点03】不定式作宾语和定语 【考点04】不定式作主语和表语 【考点05】不定式省略to的特殊情况 【考点06】分词作状语和补语 【考点07】分词作表语和定语 【考点08】高分关键--独立主格结构 【考点09】动名词作主语和表语 【考点10】动名词作宾语和定语 【考点11】动名词的复合结构 【考点12】非谓语动词综合应用与易混点终极对决 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】考查不定式作状语和补语 【题型02】考查不定式作作宾语和定语 【题型03】考查不定式作主语和表语 【题型04】考查分词作状语和补语 【题型05】考查分词作表语和定语 【题型06】考查动名词作主语和表语 【题型07】考查动名词作宾语和定语 核心考向聚焦 核心价值: 掌握非谓语动词是提升句子复杂度、增强语言表达逻辑性与准确性的关键,直接影响写作与阅读理解能力。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:本专题重点考查非谓语动词的时态语态判断、句法功能辨析(状语、定语、宾语等)及易混结构区分。。 培优瓶颈:学生易混淆不定式、分词与动名词的用法,难以在复杂语境中判断逻辑主语与语态,独立主格结构应用不熟练。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测: 高考将结合语篇重点考查非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾补的用法,突出时态语态辨析及独立主格结构的高分应用。 策略:强化“结构识别→逻辑关系判断→语态时态选择”三步法,分类突破固定搭配,通过真题演练提升语境分析能力。 ◇考点 01 非谓语动词时态与语态以及否定式 1. 非谓语动词各种形式及其意义(以do为例) 非谓语类型 主动形式 被动形式 否定式构成 不定式 to do(一般式) to be doing(进行式) to have done(完成式) to have been doing(完成进行式) to be done(一般式) to have been done(完成式) not to do not to have done not to be done 现在分词 doing(一般式) having done(完成式) being done(一般式) having been done(完成式) not doing not having done not being done 过去分词 无(本身表被动/完成) 无 not done 动名词 doing(一般式) having done(完成式) being done(一般式) having been done(完成式) not doing not having done 2. 非谓语动词时态与语态 时态语态应用对比 1. 一般式vs.完成式: He seems to know the secret.(不定式一般式:know与seem同时发生) He seems to have known the secret.(不定式完成式:know发生在seem之前) 2. 主动vs.被动: Seenfrom the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.(过去分词表被动:城市被看) Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a good view of the city.(现在分词表主动:我们看) 难点突破:时态判断三原则 1. 时间关系原则:非谓语动作与谓语动作的时间关系(同时/之前/之后)决定时态; 2. 逻辑关系原则:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动)决定语态; 3. 固定搭配原则:部分动词后接不定式完成式表"本应做而未做"(如hope to have done)。 ◇考点 02 不定式作状语和补语 1.不定式作状语——"目的、结果、原因"的精准表达 状语类型 特征标志 典型例句 目的状语 常与in order to/so as to连用(so as to不能位于句首) We started earlyto catchthe first bus. In order toimprove English, he joined the club. 结果状语 常与only连用表"意外结果" He rushed to the station onlyto findthe train had left. 原因状语 常用于表情感的形容词后 I'm gladto seeyou again. She was surprisedto hearthe news. so...as to vs. such...as to He isso kind as to helpus.(so+形容词+as to) He issuch a kind person as to helpus.(such+名词+as to) 2.不定式作补语——"主谓宾补"结构的核心要素 不定式作宾补时构成"主语+谓语+宾语+不定式"结构,根据谓语动词的语义特征,可分为三类: 1). 感官动词/使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式:see, watch, hear, feel, notice, let, make, have(被动语态需还原to) We saw himenterthe room.(主动语态不带to) He was seento enterthe room.(被动语态带to) 2). 情感动词+宾语+to不定式:want, wish, expect, hope, would like, encourage, persuade 3). 特殊动词+宾语+to be+adj./n.:consider, think, believe, find, feel We expect themto arriveat 8:00.(expect后必须带to) We consider himto be an expert.(to be可省略) 补语to的"有无"判断法 1. 口诀记忆法: "一感二听三让四看半帮助"(feel, hear/listento, let/make/have, see/watch/notice/observe, help)后接不定式作宾补时可省略to(help可带可不带); 2. 被动还原法:被动语态中所有不定式宾补均需还原to; 3. 否定转移法:否定形式在不定式前加not(如ask sb. not to do)。 不定式作宾语体现动词与动作的语义关联,作定语则对名词进行修饰限定,二者在高考中考查频率高且易与动名词混淆。 ◇考点 03 不定式作宾语和定语 1. 不定式作宾语——"动词+不定式"的固定搭配体系 英语中约有50个常用动词后接不定式作宾语,可分为三类: 1). 纯不定式宾语动词(只能接不定式):want, hope, wish, decide, plan, manage, afford, happen, fail She decidedto studyabroad.(√) She decidedstudyingabroad.(×) 2). 疑问词+不定式结构:how, what, when, where, which+to do作宾语 He doesn't knowwhat to do.(不定式前必须有疑问词) 3). 形式宾语it+形容词+不定式:find, think, feel, consider+it+adj.+to do We findit important to learnEnglish.(it为形式宾语,真正宾语是to learn) 高频动词不定式搭配清单 承诺类:promise to do, agree to do, undertake to do 能力类:able to do, manage to do, fail to do 意愿类:want to do, would like to do, refuse to do 计划类:plan to do, intend to do, arrange to do 2. 不定式作定语——"未来动作"的修饰限定 不定式作定语表示"将要发生的动作",与被修饰名词构成"动宾关系"或"主谓关系",高考常考查其逻辑关系及否定形式。 1). 动宾关系(不定式与名词是逻辑动宾): I have a lot of homeworkto do.(do homework,不定式逻辑宾语是homework) She needs a pento write with.(不及物动词需加介词) 2). 主谓关系(不定式与名词是逻辑主谓): He is always the firstto arrive.(he arrives,名词是不定式逻辑主语) 3). 修饰抽象名词(ability, chance, opportunity等): He has the abilityto solvethis problem.(固定搭配) 考点警示:定语不定式的"三注意" 1. 介词不可少:不及物动词作定语时必须加介词(如a room to live in); 2. 主动表被动:当不定式与名词是动宾关系且句子主语是不定式动作执行者时,用主动形式表被动意义(如I have a letter to write); 3. 时间区别:不定式作定语表未来动作,现在分词表正在进行,过去分词表完成被动(如a meeting to be held tomorrow/a meeting being held now/a meeting held yesterday)。 ◇考点 04 不定式作主语和表语 不定式作主语表示具体动作或一次性行为,作表语则说明主语的性质或内容,二者在结构上有特定要求,是高考基础考点。 1. 不定式作主语——"形式主语it"的典型应用 不定式作主语有两种结构:直接作主语和it作形式主语,后者更为常见且符合英语表达习惯。 1). 直接作主语(常用于句首,强调具体动作): To learnEnglish well is important.(主语较长,口语中较少用) 2). it作形式主语(It+be+adj./n.+to do): It is important to learnEnglish well.(it替代to learn作形式主语) It is a pleasure to meetyou.(名词作表语) It took me three hours to finishthe work.(表"花费"的固定句型) 常用形容词 典型句型 语义特点 important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard It is adj. to do sth. 表事物性质 kind, good, clever, foolish It is adj. of sb. to do sth. 表人物品质(adj.可修饰人) possible, impossible, necessary It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 表客观可能性(adj.修饰事) 2. 不定式作表语——"主语内容与性质"的说明 不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、性质或将要发生的动作,常用于以下情况: 1). 主语是抽象名词(aim, duty, hope, job等): Our duty isto protectthe environment.(说明duty的内容) 2). 主语是what引导的名词性从句: What he wants isto goabroad.(从句作主语,不定式作表语) 3). 主语是不定式(前后照应): To seeisto believe.(前后均为不定式,表"眼见为实") 易混点辨析:不定式vs.动名词作主语/表语 1. 时间概念不同:不定式表具体/一次性动作(To swim today is good for you);动名词表习惯/抽象动作(Swimming is good for you); 2. 结构要求不同:不定式作主语常用it作形式主语,动名词则可直接作主语; 3. 表语一致性:主语是不定式,表语也用不定式;主语是动名词,表语也用动名词。 ◇考点 05 不定式省略to的特殊情况 不定式在特定结构中省略to是高考"陷阱考点",考查频率高且错误率高,需精准掌握9种特殊情形。 省略类型 典型结构 例句对比 感官使役动词后 see/hear/make/let+sb.+do He made mecry.(主动) I was madeto cry.(被动,还原to) help后可省to help sb. (to) do She helped me(to) carrythe box.(均可) 情态动词后 can/may/must+do You muststudyhard.(√) You mustto studyhard.(×) why (not) do结构 Why (not)+do Why not gowith us?(√) Why not to gowith us?(×) 并列不定式后项 to do A and (to) do B He wantsto readand(to) write.(后to可省) had better结构 had better (not) do You'd betterleavenow.(√) would rather结构 would rather do than do I'd ratherstaythango.(前后均省to) prefer to do rather than do prefer to do A rather than do B She prefersto readrather thanwatch TV.(than后省to) 固定句型 do nothing but/except do He did nothing butplayall day.(前有do,后省to) 1. 比较结构中的to省略: She likes singing more thandancing.(前后都是动名词) She likes to sing more thanto dance.(前后都是不定式,to不可省) She likes to sing more thandance.(错误,前后结构不一致) 2. but/except前有do的省略规则: He has no choice butto wait.(前无do,不省to) He did nothing butwait.(前有do,省to) 记忆口诀与解题技巧 省略to口诀:"一感二听三让四看半帮助,had better, why not, would rather,but前有do,to要省去"; 解题三步法: 1. 识别结构类型; 2. 检查是否符合省略条件; 3. 被动语态需还原to。 ◇考点 06 分词作状语和补语 分词(现在分词和过去分词)作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等多种语义关系,作补语则补充说明宾语状态,是高考"区分度考点"。 1. 分词作状语——"逻辑主语与主被动关系"的核心判断 分词作状语的核心考点是"分词与其逻辑主语的关系",现在分词表主动/进行,过去分词表被动/完成,高考常结合时态语态综合考查。 状语类型 现在分词例句(主动/进行) 过去分词例句(被动/完成) 时间状语 Walkingalong the street, I met Mary.(=When I was walking) Seenfrom the sky, the city looks beautiful.(=When the city is seen) 原因状语 Being ill, he didn't go to school.(=Because he was ill) Born in a poor family, he worked hard.(=Because he was born) 条件状语 Working hard, you will succeed.(=If you work hard) Given more time, we can do it better.(=If we are given) 让步状语 Knowing the truth, he still kept silent.(=Though he knew) Tiredas he was, he went on working.(=Though he was tired) 伴随状语 He sat there,reading a book.(同时进行的动作) He came in,followed by a dog.(被动伴随) 结果状语 He died,leaving his son alone.(自然而然的结果) The old house was destroyed,reduced to ruins.(被动结果) 黄金解题法则:"一分二看三判断" 1) 分类型:确定是现在分词还是过去分词; 2) 看主语:找到分词的逻辑主语(通常是句子主语); 3) 判关系:判断逻辑主语与分词的关系(主动/被动)。 口诀:"主语主动doing,主语被动done"。 2. 分词作补语——"宾语状态与动作过程"的补充说明 分词作补语表示宾语的"状态"或"正在进行的动作",与不定式作补语的"全过程"形成对比,是高考易混点。 1). 感官动词+宾语+分词(表状态/进行): I saw himplaying basketball.(看见正在做,现在分词) I found the doorclosed.(发现处于关闭状态,过去分词) 2). 使役动词+宾语+分词(表"使宾语处于某种状态"): He kept mewaitingfor an hour.(现在分词,表主动进行) We had the housepainted.(过去分词,表被动完成) 3). with复合结构中的分词补语: With the lightsburning, he worked all night.(现在分词,主动) With his homeworkfinished, he went to bed.(过去分词,被动) ◇考点 07 分词作表语和定语 分词作表语表示主语的性质或状态,作定语则修饰名词,二者均需区分现在分词与过去分词的语义差异,是高考"高频易错点"。 1.分词作表语——"ing令人-ed感到"的语义区分 现在分词作表语表示主语"令人感到…",过去分词表示主语"自身感到…",语义差异明显,高考常结合情感形容词考查。 分词类型 语义特征 主语类型 典型例句 现在分词(ing) 令人…的(主动特征) 通常是物 The movie isexciting.(电影令人兴奋) 过去分词(ed) 感到…的(被动感受) 通常是人 We areexcitedabout the movie.(我们感到兴奋) 易混分词表语对比 interesting(令人感兴趣的)vs. interested(感兴趣的) The book isinteresting.(书令人感兴趣) I aminterestedin the book.(我对书感兴趣) disappointing(令人失望的)vs. disappointed(失望的) The result was disappointing.(结果令人失望) We were disappointed with the result.(我们感到失望) surprising(令人惊讶的)vs. surprised(惊讶的) His words were surprising.(话令人惊讶) She looked surprised at the news.(她感到惊讶) 3.分词作定语——"主动/被动、进行/完成"的修饰限定 分词作定语时,现在分词表示"主动进行",过去分词表示"被动完成",与不定式作定语的"未来动作"形成时间对比,高考常考查三者区别。 1. 现在分词作定语(主动/进行): abarkingdog(正在叫的狗,主动进行) falling leaves(正在落下的叶子,主动进行) 2. 过去分词作定语(被动/完成): abrokenwindow(被打破的窗户,被动完成) developed countries(发达国家,完成意义) 3. 分词短语作定语(后置): a girlwearing a red dress(穿红裙子的女孩,主动) the bookwritten by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书,被动) 解题技巧:定语三选一(不定式/现在分词/过去分词) 时间轴判断法: 1. 未来动作→不定式(a meeting to be held tomorrow); 2. 正在进行→现在分词(a meeting being held now); 3. 被动完成→过去分词(a meeting held yesterday)。 逻辑关系法:主动关系→现在分词;被动关系→过去分词。 ◇考点 08 高分关键--独立主格结构 1. 独立主格结构的基本形式 独立主格结构是"分词作状语"的延伸,当分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时使用,是高考"高分考点",能显著提升书面表达档次。 独立主格结构的基本形式:"逻辑主语+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语",在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等,高考重点考查"名词+分词"结构。 结构类型 构成方式 典型例句 名词+现在分词 逻辑主语+doing (主动/进行) Weather permitting, we will go picnic.(天气允许的话) 名词+过去分词 逻辑主语+done (被动/完成) The work finished, we went home.(工作完成后) 名词+不定式 逻辑主语+to do (未来动作) He suggested a trip to Beijing,his wife to join him.(他妻子将加入) with复合结构 with+宾语+宾补 (分词/形容词等) Withthe problem solved, we felt relieved.(问题解决后) 核心考点:独立主格与分词作状语的区别 关键区别:分词作状语时,分词逻辑主语必须是句子主语;独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语,与句子主语不同。 例句对比: 1.Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.(分词作状语,standing的逻辑主语是we) 2.The tower standing there, we could see the whole city.(独立主格,standing的逻辑主语是the tower) 独立主格结构"四注意" 1. 逻辑主语与句子主语不同,必须独立存在 2. 结构中不能用谓语动词,只能用非谓语动词或其他词类 3. with复合结构是独立主格的特殊形式,高考考查频率最高 4. 书面表达中使用独立主格可提升语法复杂度和表达档次 ◇考点 09 动名词作主语和表语 1.动名词作主语——"习惯性动作"的典型表达 动名词作主语有两种结构:直接作主语和it作形式主语,前者更强调动作本身,后者常用于特定句型。 1). 直接作主语(表习惯性/抽象动作): Swimmingis good for health.(游泳有益健康,表抽象概念) Reading aloudhelps improve pronunciation.(大声朗读有助于提高发音,表习惯性动作) 2). it作形式主语(用于特定句型): It is no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收,固定句型It is no use/good doing) It is worth tryingagain.(值得再试一次,It is worth doing句型) 2. 动名词作表语——"主语内容"的解释说明 动名词作表语时,说明主语的具体内容或性质,主语通常是表示动作的名词(如hobby, job, task等)或what引导的名词性从句。 1). 说明主语内容(主语为抽象名词): His hobby iscollecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮,说明hobby的内容) Her job isteaching English.(她的工作是教英语,说明job的内容) 2). 主语为what引导的从句: What he likes best isplaying basketball.(他最喜欢的是打篮球) What matters most isstudying hard.(最重要的是努力学习) 易混点辨析:动名词vs.不定式作主语/表语 1. 语义区别:动名词表习惯性/抽象动作(Swimming is my hobby);不定式表具体/一次性动作(To swim tomorrow is my plan); 2. 结构对称:主语为动名词,表语也用动名词;主语为不定式,表语也用不定式(Seeing is believing);3. 常用句型:It is no use/good/worth后只能接动名词,不能接不定式。 ◇考点 10 动名词作宾语和定语 1. 动名词作宾语——"动词+doing"的固定搭配体系 英语中约有80个常用动词/动词短语后接动名词作宾语,高考重点考查"纯动名词宾语动词"和"to doing结构"。 类别 核心动词/短语 典型例句 纯动名词宾语动词 enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, miss, keep She enjoyssingingin the shower.(她喜欢在淋浴时唱歌) 动词短语 give up, put off, look forward to, be used to, insist on, feel like We are looking forward tomeetingyou.(我们期待见到你) 介词后接动名词 be good at, be interested in, think about, instead of, before He is good atplaying football.(他擅长踢足球) 2. 动名词作定语——"用途与功能"的修饰限定 动名词作定语时,通常位于名词前,说明该名词的用途或功能,与现在分词作定语的"主动进行"语义不同。 1). 说明用途("用于做某事的..."): aswimmingpool(游泳池,用于游泳的池子,动名词作定语) areadingroom(阅览室,用于阅读的房间,动名词作定语) 2). 与现在分词作定语的区别: arunningman(正在跑的人,现在分词表主动进行) arunningtrack(跑道,动名词表用途,用于跑步的跑道) 考点警示:"to doing"结构的识别 部分以to结尾的短语中,to是介词而非不定式符号,后接动名词,高考高频考查以下6个短语: look forward to(期待), be used to(习惯于), pay attention to(注意), devote...to(致力于), get used to(习惯于), object to(反对) 例句:She is used togetting upearly.(她习惯早起,to是介词,接动名词) ◇考点 11 动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构有两种形式: 1). 正式形式:名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词(作主语或宾语) Tom's cominglate made the teacher angry.(汤姆迟到使老师生气,名词所有格作逻辑主语) I appreciateyour helpingme.(感谢你帮助我,形容词性物主代词作逻辑主语) 2). 非正式形式:名词普通格/人称代词宾格+动名词(仅作宾语) I don't mindhim/his smokinghere.(我不介意他在这里抽烟,宾格/所有格均可) We are looking forward toMary/Mary's visitingus.(期待玛丽来看我们) 名词所有格+doing 主语、宾语 Mike's winningthe game surprised us.(主语) I heard ofMike's winningthe game.(宾语) 形容词性物主代词+doing 主语、宾语 His being lateis unusual.(主语) She dislikesmy being late.(宾语) 名词普通格/宾格+doing 仅作宾语 I rememberhim/Mike coming.(宾语) 解题技巧:逻辑主语的判断方法 1. 作主语时:必须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词(Tom'sarriving late is a problem); 2. 作宾语时:名词普通格/人称代词宾格更口语化,所有格形式更正式; 3. 无生命名词:用普通格(The book'sselling well surprised us →The bookselling well surprised us)。 动名词考点总结 1. 动名词作主语表抽象/习惯性动作,不定式表具体/一次性动作 2. 熟记"动词+动名词"固定搭配,尤其是"to doing"结构 3. 动名词作定语表用途,现在分词作定语表主动进行 4. 复合结构中,逻辑主语用名词所有格/形容词性物主代词(正式)或普通格/宾格(非正式) 5. 书面表达中使用动名词复合结构可提升语法复杂度 动名词复合结构与独立主格结构形式相似但语法功能不同,是高考"深度易混点",需从构成、功能和逻辑关系三方面区分。 动名词复合结构 逻辑主语(所有格/物主代词)+动名词 作主语、宾语、表语(名词性成分) 逻辑主语与动名词是主谓关系 His coming lateannoyed me.(作主语,名词性成分) 独立主格结构 逻辑主语(名词/代词)+分词/形容词/副词/介词短语 作状语(修饰整个句子) 逻辑主语与分词是主谓/动宾关系 He coming late, the meeting was delayed.(作状语,修饰整个句子) ◇考点 12 非谓语动词综合应用与易混点终极对决 1. 掌握12组核心动词的语义区别 英语中约有20个动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时语义差异显著,是高考"陷阱考点",错误率高达45%,需精准掌握12组核心动词的语义区别。 动词 接不定式(to do)语义 接动名词(doing)语义 remember 记得要做某事(未做) I mustremember to callhim.(记得要打电话,还没打) 记得做过某事(已做) Iremember callinghim yesterday.(记得打过电话,已做) forget 忘记要做某事(未做) Iforgot to lockthe door.(忘记锁门,未锁) 忘记做过某事(已做) Iforgot lockingthe door.(忘记锁过门,已锁) regret 后悔要做某事(未做) Iregret to tellyou the bad news.(遗憾地告诉你,未说) 后悔做过某事(已做) Iregret tellinghim the secret.(后悔告诉了,已说) try 努力做某事(尽力) Itried to solvethe problem.(努力解题,尽力) 尝试做某事(试试看) Itried solvingthe problem in another way.(尝试另一种方法,试试看) mean 打算做某事(意图) Imean to helpyou.(打算帮你,意图) 意味着做某事(意义) Learning Englishmeans workinghard.(学英语意味着努力,意义) stop 停下来去做另一件事 Hestopped to talkto me.(停下(正在做的事)来和我说话) 停止正在做的事 Hestopped talkingwhen I came in.(停止说话,不再说) 时间轴记忆法: 不定式(to do)表示"未来动作"(未做),动名词(doing)表示"过去动作"(已做); 口诀法:"记得要做未做,记得做过已做;忘记要做未做,忘记做过已做"; 语境分析法:根据上下文判断动作是否已发生,如出现yesterday, last week等过去时间状语,通常用doing。 2. 感官动词后接不定式和分词作宾补 感官动词后接不定式和分词作宾补时语义差异显著,不定式表"全过程/经常性动作",分词表"正在进行/状态",是高考"高频易错点"。 宾补类型 语义特征 典型例句 高考考查角度 不带to的不定式(do) 全过程/经常性动作 强调动作的完整性 I saw himenterthe room.(看见他进屋的全过程:从门口到屋内) 动作是否完成 现在分词(doing) 正在进行的动作 强调动作的进行性 I saw himenteringthe room.(看见他正在进屋:动作正在发生) 动作是否正在进行 过去分词(done) 被动/完成状态 强调宾语的状态 I found the windowbroken.(发现窗户是破的:状态) 宾语与动作的关系 语义对比与语境分析 1. see sb. do vs. see sb. doing: I saw her crossthe street.(我看见她过马路了。→完整过程,已完成) I saw her crossingthe street.(我看见她正在过马路。→动作正在进行,可能只看到一部分) 2. hear sb. sing vs. hear sb. singing: I heard her singthe song.(我听她唱了这首歌。→完整听完) I heard her singingthe song.(我听见她正在唱这首歌。→可能只听到片段) 3. find sb. do vs. find sb. doing vs. find sb. done: I found him workhard every day.(我发现他每天努力工作。→经常性动作) I found him workinghard.(我发现他正在努力工作。→正在进行) I found him exhausted.(我发现他筋疲力尽。→状态) 解题"三看"技巧 1. 看时间状语:出现every day, often等频率副词,通常用do(经常性动作); 2. 看语境提示:出现at 8 o'clock yesterday, when I passed by等时间点提示,通常用doing(正在进行); 3. 看动作完整性:瞬间动词(如enter, open)通常用do表"已发生",延续性动词(如read, work)用doing表"正在进行"。 ◇题型 01 考查不定式作状语和补语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2024年新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】43. to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作原因状语。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词"amazed"后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。 典例2(2023年全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【答案】41. to teach 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作目的状语。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达"来传授知识和智慧",所以用不定式作目的状语。 方|法|提|练 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·浙江省金华十校高三上学期11月考试英语试题) Sell products at a loss and call it a strategy? That is the concept of a loss leader: a certain product that is sold below its cost ______ (attract) customers to the store, where they are likely to buy other profitable products. 【答案】to attract 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:这就是低价引流产品的理念:某种产品以低于成本的价格出售,以吸引顾客进店,而顾客很可能会在店里购买其他盈利产品。定语从句中已有谓语动词is sold,此处应用非谓语动词表目的,故填不定式to attract。 变式2(2025-2026·湖北省鄂东南教育联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题)The extreme temperatures have led to lower harvests and restricted Europe’s ability ______ (create) its own energy supply. 【答案】to create 【解析】考查不定式作定语。句意:极端温度导致收成下降,限制了欧洲创造自身能源供应的能力。名词ability后常接不定式作后置定语,修饰ability表示“……的能力”,故填to create。 变式3[原创题]The government has launched a series of campaigns ______ (raise) public awareness about environmental protection, and many citizens have responded positively by reducing plastic use and saving water. 【答案】to raise 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:政府发起了一系列活动以提高公众的环保意识,许多市民通过减少塑料使用和节约用水积极响应。此处“发起活动”的目的是“提高环保意识”,应用不定式to raise作目的状语,故填to raise。 变式4[原创题]The volunteers traveled thousands of miles ________(bring) medical supplies to the remote mountain areas. 答案:to bring解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:志愿者们跋涉数千英里,为偏远山区送去医疗物资。句中已有谓语动词 traveled,此处用动词不定式作目的状语,说明 “跋涉数千英里” 的目的是 “送去医疗物资”。故填 to bring。 ◇题型 02 考查不定式作作宾语和定语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年全国一卷)"The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art," says Tu. "We hope ____58____ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism." 【答案】58. to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作宾语。句意:我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能,并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope,此处为非谓语动词,hope to do sth."希望做某事",所以此处需用动词present的不定式作宾语。 典例2(2025年1月浙江卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 【答案】60. to rent 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作定语。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。"for women (rent)"作后置定语修饰名词词组fashion clothes,意为"女性租赁的衣服",用不定式to rent作后置定语,主动表被动。 典例3(2024年全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend____41____(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】41. to catch 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作宾语。句意:尽管存在各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.表示"倾向于做某事",不定式作宾语。 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11月期中调研测试英语试题)These years, China has stepped up efforts ______ (punish) cybercrimes, showing its sense of responsibility as a major country. 【答案】to punish 【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意:近年来,中国加大了打击网络犯罪的力度,展现了大国责任担当。固定搭配step up efforts to do sth.意为“加大努力做某事”,不定式to punish作efforts的宾语,故填to punish。 变式2(2025-2026·河北省邯郸市等3地高三上学期11月期中英语试题)Throughout Expo Osaka 2025, the China Pavilion has also hosted a wide range of cultural activities ______ (strengthen) the understanding between China and the world. 【答案】to strengthen 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语(注:此处结合语境也可理解为作定语修饰activities)。句意:在2025年大阪世博会期间,中国馆还举办了各种各样的文化活动,以加强中国与世界的了解。举办文化活动的目的是加强理解,用不定式to strengthen作目的状语,故填to strengthen。 变式3(2025-2026·福建省厦门外国语学校高三上学期十月月考英语试题) Nanyin Research Society, a publicly funded organisation, recently took up an award for reviving ancient Nanyin music, the first ever ______ (approach) the problem of preserving its tone with modern recording techniques. 【答案】to approach 【解析】考查不定式作定语。句意:南音研究会,一个由公众资助的组织,最近因复兴古老的南音音乐而获奖,这是第一个用现代录音技术解决保存其音调问题的组织。序数词the first后常接不定式作后置定语,故填to approach。 变式4[原创题]Many young people choose ______ (pursue) further education abroad to broaden their horizons and gain international experience. 【答案】to pursue 【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意:许多年轻人选择出国深造以拓宽视野并获取国际经验。动词choose后接不定式作宾语,构成choose to do sth.结构,意为“选择做某事”,故填to pursue。 ◇题型 03 考查不定式作主语和表语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2021年全国甲卷)It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 【答案】3. to walk 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作主语。句意:步行或骑行完整个14公里是可能的。本句是典型的"It is + adj. + to do"结构,it为形式主语,真正主语是不定式to walk or bike。 典例2(2019年天津卷)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作主语。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词Learning作主语。 方|法|提|练 变|式|巩|固 变式1[原创题]It is of great significance for students ______ (develop) critical thinking skills, as it helps them analyze problems independently in future study and work. 答案:to develop 解析: 本题考查 “it 作形式主语 + 不定式作真正主语” 的核心结构。句中 “It” 是形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式短语 “to develop critical thinking skills”,符合高考常考句型 “It is + adj./n. + for sb. to do sth.”。不定式在此处表具体的行为目标,强调 “培养批判性思维能力” 这一重要行为。 变式2[原创题]The ultimate goal of the research project is ______ (explore) new energy sources that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. 答案:to explore 解析:本题考查不定式作表语。主语 “goal” 是表 “目标” 的名词,表语需用不定式 “to explore” 明确目标的具体内容(“探索新能源”),这是高考中不定式作表语的高频场景 —— 当主语为 aim、goal、purpose、dream 等名词时,表语优先用不定式。 变式3[原创题]When and where ______ (hold) the next international conference on climate change has not been decided yet by the organizing committee. 答案:to hold 解析:本题考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作主语。“When and where to hold...” 构成复合不定式结构,在句中作主语,表 “何时何地举办会议” 这一具体问题,符合高考对 “疑问词(who/what/when/where/how)+ 不定式” 作主语的考查要求。此类结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数,故句中用 “has not been decided”。 变式4[原创题]______ (protect) endangered species is not only a responsibility of governments but also a duty of every citizen. 【答案】To protect 【解析】考查不定式作主语。句意:保护濒危物种不仅是政府的责任,也是每个公民的义务。此处用不定式短语To protect endangered species作句子的主语,表示具体的动作或行为,故填To protect。 ◇题型 04 考查分词作状语和补语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年北京卷) When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【答案】17. traveling 【解析】考查非谓语动词之现在分词作状语。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语"we"与"travel"之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成"when+现在分词"的状语从句省略结构。 典例2(2025年北京卷)When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 【答案】12. scared 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作宾补。句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。"have sb. done"表示"使某人被……","someone"与"scare"之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。 典例3(2024年新课标Ⅱ卷)__44___ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed." 【答案】44. Recalling 【解析】考查非谓语动词之现在分词作状语。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说……非谓语动词担当状语,主语"Edmondson"和动词"recall"之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。 方|法|提|练 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·浙江省金华十校高三上学期11月考试英语试题) Instead, they put the ice cream on top of the menu, ______ (follow) by about 35 items that make money. 【答案】followed 【解析】考查过去分词作伴随状语。句意:相反,他们把冰淇淋放在菜单的顶端,后面跟着大约35种盈利产品。主句谓语为put,此处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语,items与follow之间为被动关系,故用过去分词followed,故填followed。 变式2(2025-2026·湖北省鄂东南教育联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题)From the depths of the big Danube River, the huge wrecks of over a dozen German World War II ships have risen once again, ______ (expose) by a drought that has starved Europe’s rivers and led to some of the lowest water levels of the past century. 【答案】exposed 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:从宽阔的多瑙河深处,十几艘德国二战时期的巨型沉船再次浮出水面,这是由一场干旱造成的,这场干旱使欧洲的河流干涸,导致水位降至上个世纪以来的最低水平。expose与逻辑主语the huge wrecks之间是被动关系,用过去分词exposed作状语,故填exposed。 变式3(2025-2026·福建省厦门外国语学校高三上学期十月月考英语试题)Their wooden carvings and folk songs keep people ______ (remind) of a shared heritage through time and change. 【答案】reminded 【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:他们的木雕和民歌让人们通过时间和变化想起共同的遗产。keep sb. done结构中,remind与people之间是被动关系,用过去分词reminded作宾补,故填reminded。 变式4[原创题]______ (walk) along the street, she noticed a small shop selling handmade crafts, which immediately caught her attention. 【答案】Walking 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:走在街上时,她注意到一家卖手工艺品的小店,这家店立刻引起了她的注意。句子主语she与walk之间是主动关系,且walk与谓语动词noticed同时发生,用现在分词Walking作时间状语,故填Walking。 ◇题型 05 考查分词作表语和定语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年全国二卷) If you've never experienced the "sunshine scent" from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's wonders. 【答案】45. left 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语。句意:如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的"阳光的味道",那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave"使处于某种状态"之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。 典例2(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao's birthplace. 【答案】39. recognized 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized"被公认的"也可以看作是形容词作定语。 典例3(2022年北京卷)Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 【答案】14. supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为"被专家们支持",所以空格处应用过去分词表被动,作theory的后置定语。 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11月期中调研测试英语试题)Cybercrime, often ______ (refer) to as the dark side of the Internet, can come in many different forms. Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or preventing you from accessing your own data. 【答案】referred 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意:网络犯罪,常被称为互联网的阴暗面,有多种不同形式。Cybercrime与refer之间是被动关系,“referred to as...”短语作后置定语,意为“被称为……”,故填referred。 变式2So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:于是他依旧笔直地站着,由于疲惫不堪,他打了个哈欠。此处现在分词作表语,强调动作的持续性。故填standing。 变式3Earth Day, marked on 22, April, is annual event (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 【答案】aiming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日是每年的4月22日,旨在唤起公众的环保意识。空处是非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰名词event,且动词aim (旨在)和名词event二者之间是主动关系,应用现在分词aiming做后置定语。故填aiming。 变式4[原创题]The ______ (break) window was repaired by the maintenance worker this morning, ensuring the classroom is safe for students. 【答案】broken 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意:今天早上,维修工修好了被打破的窗户,确保教室对学生来说是安全的。名词window与break之间是被动关系,用过去分词broken作定语,故填broken。 ◇题型 06 考查动名词作主语和表语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2019年天津卷)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作主语。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词Learning作主语。[引用自用户上传文件Page 8] 典例2(2018年北京卷)_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作主语。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。"____ along the old Silk Road"做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。[引用自用户上传文件Page 9] 典例3(2017年北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ___________ from butterflies to elephants. A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词之现在分词作定语。句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物,包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,相当于which ranges from...。 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·山东省德州市校级联考高三上学期10月月考英语试题)______ (refer) to as elves set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). 【答案】Being referred 【解析】考查动名词的被动式作主语。句意:因其被称为“精灵”,这使得它们与那些广为人知的前辈(如Hello Kitty以及其他毛绒玩具角色)有所不同。此处需用动名词作主语,且refer to与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,用动名词的被动式Being referred,故填Being referred。 变式2(2025-2026·江苏省部分高中高三上10月阶段性检测英语试题) “I cherished this opportunity and was committed to ______ (hit) the target no matter how difficult,” said Wang. 【答案】hitting 【解析】考查动名词作宾语(此处to为介词)。句意:“我很珍惜这个机会,并决心无论多么困难都要达到目标,”王说。固定短语be committed to doing sth.中to为介词,后接动名词hitting作宾语,故填hitting。 变式3(2025-2026·四川省大数据智学领航联盟高三上学期一模考试英语试题) “Every day when I go out, I carry an iPad and a digital pencil with me,” says Chang, a senior calligrapher and professor, when introducing his new toolkit for ______ (practice) Chinese calligraphy. 【答案】practicing 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:资深书法家兼教授常先生在介绍他练习中国书法的新工具包时说:“我每天出门都会随身携带一台iPad和一支数码笔。”介词for后接动名词practicing作宾语,故填practicing。 变式4[原创题]______ (learn) a foreign language requires patience and consistent practice, which is essential for mastering it well. 【答案】Learning 【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意:学习一门外语需要耐心和持续的练习,这对于学好它是必不可少的。此处用动名词Learning作句子的主语,表示抽象的动作或行为,故填Learning。 ◇题型 07 考查动名词作宾语和定语 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025年1月浙江卷)"I really want to make this work for people's lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend," she says. 【答案】65. returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作宾语。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意,表示"意味着……",用固定搭配mean doing sth.,意为"意味着做某事",用动名词作宾语。[引用自用户上传文件Page 2] 典例2(2023年全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】48. recording 【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作宾语。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。[引用自用户上传文件Page 3] 典例3(2021年全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ___7___ (visit) the place. 【答案】7. visiting 【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作宾语。句意:最小化参观一个地方的影响。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语,所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。[引用自用户上传文件Page 5] 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11月期中调研测试英语试题)Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or ______ (prevent) you from accessing your own data. 【答案】preventing 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:网络罪犯诱骗你交出钱财,用病毒感染你的电脑以窃取个人数据,或者阻止你访问自己的数据。此处与“parting”“infecting”并列,作介词into的宾语,用动名词preventing,故填preventing。 变式2(2025-2026·黑龙江省实验中学高三上学期10月考英语试卷)Early Chinese cuisine in America was simplified to suit American tastes, which meant that dishes were heavily adapted, with ingredients and cooking techniques ______ (adjust) to accommodate local tastes. 【答案】adjusted 【解析】考查过去分词作宾补(此处为with复合结构)。句意:早期美国的中餐为了迎合美国人的口味而被简化,这意味着菜品经过了大量改良,食材和烹饪技巧都做了调整以适应当地口味。with +宾语+过去分词结构中,ingredients and cooking techniques与adjust之间是被动关系,用过去分词adjusted作宾补,故填adjusted。 变式3(2025-2026·四川省“元三维大联考”高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试题)Over the 12 years in Beijing, I witnessed firsthand the rise of phenomena like ______ (share) bikes, ride-hailing apps, and coffee culture. 【答案】shared 【解析】考查过去分词作定语(此处易误判为动名词,shared bikes为固定搭配,意为“共享单车”)。句意:在北京的12年里,我亲眼目睹了共享单车、打车软件和咖啡文化等现象的兴起。过去分词shared作定语修饰bikes,表示“被共享的”,故填shared。 变式4[原创题]She suggested ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem thoroughly, which was agreed upon by all members. 【答案】holding 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:她建议召开一次会议来彻底讨论这个问题,所有成员都同意了。动词suggest后接动名词作宾语,构成suggest doing sth.结构,意为“建议做某事”,故填holding。 17 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题04 非谓语动词“三剑客” -不定式分词动名词决胜 (培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列
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专题04 非谓语动词“三剑客” -不定式分词动名词决胜 (培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列
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