专题03 主谓一致（复习讲义）（广东专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考主谓一致核心考点，覆盖语法一致、意义一致、就近原则三大必考内容，通过考情剖析明确命题方向，思维导图构建知识网络，分考点细化规则并配套解题锦囊，结合各地模拟真题分题型训练，形成“考点梳理-方法指导-真题突破”的系统复习链。 亮点在于“规则-语境-应用”三维教学策略，如通过“剥离干扰成分锁定主语”培养思维品质，用“the number of/a number of”对比练习强化意义一致，分层设计单选、语法填空等题型适配不同水平。真题训练结合具体语境提升语言能力，助力学生高效突破易错点，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，提升应考实效。

专题03 主谓一致 目录 01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 一、语法一致 4 二、意义一致 7 三、就近原则 9 04 优题精选·练能提分 11 考点 课标要求 复习目标 语法一致 · 掌握主语形式与谓语动词的单复数一致规则 1.系统复习并掌握主语与谓语动词的单复数一致规则 2. 能在语境中正确运用主谓一致的基础规则 3. 识别并区分特殊句式中的主谓一致情况（如 there be 句型、并列主语等） 意义一致 · 能根据主语所表达的 “实际意义”（而非形式）确定谓语单复数 就近原则 · 能掌握由or/either...or.../neither...nor.../not only...but also...等连接主语时，“靠近谓语的主语决定谓语形式” 的规则 · There be 句型就近原则 命题预测 主谓一致是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：语法一致（高频）、意义一致（高频）、就近原则（高频）、固定搭配与特殊名词等。 主要在语法选择、语法填空、选词填空、完成句子中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：先 “剥离干扰成分”，锁定真正主语 The number of students in our class is 50. （剥离of students in our class→ 真正主语是The number（单数）→ 谓语用is） The book that I bought yesterday belongs to my sister. 剥离干扰（去掉that I bought yesterday）→ 真正主语是The book（单数）→ 谓语用belongs。 锦囊2：按 “主语意义（而非形式）” 形单实复：police（警察群体）、people（人们）、cattle（牛群）... 形复实单：math/maths（数学）、physics（物理）、politics（政治）、economics（经济学）、The United States（美国）、news（新闻）... 集体名词：class、family、group...(由具体语境决定；强调集体或个体) 单复同形：means（方法）、series（系列）、species（物种）、deer、sheep... 锦囊3：记固定用法或特殊结构 如：with/together with...用就远原则 ；or/either...or...用就近原则 如：there be句型用就近原则；the + 形容词表 “一类人” 用复数谓语； 锦囊4：警惕易错考点 如：①“and 连接的主语” 分情况 表示同一事物 / 概念（A and B 指同一个人 / 物）→ 谓语单数 例：The writer and teacher is very famous.（这位作家兼教师很有名） 表示不同人/事物→ 谓语复数 例：The writer and the teacher are coming.（作家和教师都来了） ②“时间 / 金钱 / 距离” 作主语，视为整体用单数 例：Two hundred dollars is enough.（两百美元足够了） 注意：解答主谓一致题时，首先应当快速分析句子结构，剥离介词短语、定语从句等干扰成分，锁定真正主语，再结合主语形式、实际意义及固定规则（如就近原则），判断谓语单复数，避免被表面形式误导。 一、语法一致 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致。句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： Tom is going to take a dinner party tonight.汤姆今晚将要去参加晚宴。 These students are having an English class.这些学生们在上英语课。 具体用法如下： 具体用法 例句 主语是名词单数、单数代词one、each、every、either、neither+of...、复合不定代词something、anyone、nothing等时，谓语用单数。 He plays football every Sunday.他每个星期天都踢足球。 Everyone likes nice food.人人都喜欢美味的食物。 主语是不定式、单个动名词（短语）、主语从句，谓语用单数。 To learn English is fun.学习英语是件乐事。 Swimming keeps us healthy.游泳让我们保持健康。 What she said is true.她说的是真的。 主语是名词或代词复数、由and或both...and 构成并列主语，谓语用复数。 These flowers are very beautiful.这些花非常漂亮。 Both you and I are right.你和我都是对的。 主语后跟有with、together with、along with、as well as、except等词或短语时,谓语动词的形式与这些词或短语前面的主语保持一致。（即就远原则） Lucy as well as her brother likes reading. 露西和她哥哥都爱读书。 My mother with my sister goes shopping every Saturday. 我妈妈和我姐姐每周六都会一起去购物。 some/ a lot/ lots/ the rest/half /plenty/most...of+主语，谓语单复数与of后的名词保持一致。 A lot of time is needed for the task.该任务需要大量时间 The rest of the students are in the classroom. 其余学生都在教室里。 a pair of/ two bottles of+名词...，谓语与量词的单复数保持一致。 This pair of shoes is new.这双鞋是新的。 Three bottles of water are here. 这里有三瓶水。 分数或百分数 (+of + 名词) 作主语时，一般应根据分数或百分数指代的名词（即 of 后的名词）的单复数，决定谓语动词的单复数。 Three quarters of the water is polluted. 四分之三的水受到污染。 One fifth of the players are girls. 五分之一的选手是女孩。 重点辨析：the number of+名词+谓语（单数） a number of+ 名词+谓语（复数） The number of students in our class is 45. 我们班学生的数量是45. A number of birds are flying in the sky. 天空中有许多鸟在飞翔。 【易错提醒】 1.all 作主语时，指代可数复数→谓语复数；指代不可数→谓语单数。 例句：All are welcome to the school party. 欢迎所有人参加学校派对。（all指所有人，为可数名词） All tastes delicious. 所有食物都很美味。（all指所有的食物，为不可数名词） 2. none表示“三者或三者以上都不”,表示完全否定,可以和介词of搭配。none代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。 I have three pens, but none of them works, so I need to buy the new ones. 我有三支钢笔，但都不能用了，所以我需要买新的。 None of these pencils are mine. They all belong to Lily.这些铅笔没有一支是我的，它们都是莉莉的。 2.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语单复数由从句表达的意义决定。（表单数概念→单数，表复数概念→复数）。 例句：What he said is true.（他说的话是真的→单数）； What we need are books and water.（我们需要的是书和水→复数） 一、语法（单项）选择 1.（2025·广州·一模）He saw a small dog. The dog cold and shivering (颤抖). A．is B．are C．was D．were 2.（2025·广州·一模）“Look, this one like a cloud!” my sister laughed. A．looks B．looked C．look D．is looked 3.（2025·广州·模拟） The true strength in the ability to bend, adapt and remain flexible in the face of challenges. A．lie B．lies C．lay D．lied 4.（2025·广东·三模）But my mother by them because she was not a real tailor then. A．didn’t pay B．aren’t paid C．wasn’t paid 5．（2025·安徽安庆·模拟预测）The number of the students in our school ______ about 2,000 and a number of them ______ boys. A．is; are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 6.（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 7.（2025·安徽六安·二模）Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 8.（2025·四川资阳·三模）—What do you think of the environment here? —Wonderful! ________ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass. A．Two fifths, are B．Two fifth, is C．Two fifths, is D．Second five, are 二、选词填空 1.（2025·广东）Mike seeing these moments. （备选词enjoy） 2.（2024·广东）As biking has become a lifestyle, experts that this biking craze will continue. They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders.（备选词believe） 3.（2025·广东·模拟）It’s difficult to put a message in the sky. The pilot their shadows on the ground or their shapes in the sky.（备选词watch） 三、语法填空 1.（2025·深圳·模拟）Many people (move) deeply by the colorful performances. 2.（2025·深圳·模拟）Once, a hall (fill) with over 120 people who had come to listen to these lectures. 3.（2025·深圳·模拟）The soup (offer) at near-boiling temperatures (85-90℃). 4.（2024·深圳）Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. 5.（2025·甘肃白银）We all (love) our country very much! 6.（2025·甘肃兰州·二模）Both Lily and Lucy (visit) the Lanzhou Science and Technology Museum twice. 二、意义一致 意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以主语所表达的单复数概念而定。有时主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数形式，反之亦然。 The audience are clapping loudly for the performer.观众们正在为表演者热烈鼓掌。 （“audience” 形式是单数，意义表复数人群） Five hundred yuan is enough to buy this book.五百元足够买这本书了。 （“五百元” 形式是复数，意义表整体单数） 具体用法如下： 具体用法 例句 and连接并列成分，表示同一个人或物（即and后面无冠词），谓语用单数。 A singer and dancer is performing on stage. 一位歌手兼舞者正在舞台上表演。 A fork and knife is on the plate. 盘子上放着一把叉子和一把刀。 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算的词或短语，谓语用单数。 Fifty kilograms is too heavy for him. 50公斤对他来说太重了。 Three hours is enough to finish the task. 三小时足以完成任务。 “each/every/no +名词+ and+each/every/no+名词”作主语，谓语用单数。 Each student and each teacher knows the rule. 每个学生和老师都清楚这条规则。 No boy and no girl is late today. 今天没有男孩和女孩迟到。 “many a/more than one + 单数可数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Many a student is interested in this book. 许多学生对这本书很感兴趣。 表示复数意义的集体名词people/police/cattle做主语，谓语用复数。 The police are searching for the thief. 警方正在搜寻小偷。 Cattle are eating grass in the field. 牛正在田里吃草。 “the+形容词” 表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。 The old are taken good care of here. 这里对老年人照顾得很好。 the+姓氏名词复数，表示 “…… 一家” 或 “…… 夫妇”，谓语用复数。 The Whites are having dinner now. 怀特一家正在吃晚餐。 易错：集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据主语的意义来决定,如family、group、class、team等。如果集体名词表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果集体名词表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 His class is the best in the grade.（指整体） 他的班级是年级最好的。 His class are playing basketball.（指成员） 他班上的同学们正在打篮球。 【易错提醒】 1. 形式上是复数，但意义上视为单数的名词（如 electronics、news、maths、physics、politics、the United Nations 等），作主语时谓语动词用单数。 如：Maths is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。 2.单复数同形的名词（如 sheep、deer、means、species、series 等）作主语时，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数；表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。 如：A new means of transport has been invented.一种新的交通工具已经被发明出来。 All possible means have been tried.所有可能的方法都已经试过了。 3. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词的单复数一致。 （先行词为单数）The book that is on the desk is mine. 桌上的那本书是我的。 （先行词为复数）The students who are in the classroom are reading. 教室里的学生们正在读书。 特殊结构：“one of + 复数名词+定语从句”的先行词是 复数名词，谓语用复数。 “the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句” 的先行词是 the only one，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 如： He is one of the players who have won the national championship.他是夺冠选手之一。 She is the only one of the girls who has passed the difficult exam. 她是这些女孩中唯一通过考试的人。 4.“the+形容词”表抽象事物时，谓语动词用单数。 The new always replaces the old.新事物总会取代旧事物。 The beautiful is not always the same as the good.美的事物未必等同于好的事物。 一、单项选择 1.（2024·天津西青·二模）It was seven o’clock in the morning, and my family ________ breakfast in the living room. A．is eating B．was eating C．were having D．are having 2．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The Smiths ______ supper at seven last night. A．was having B．were having C．is having D．are having 3. （2024·四川广元·二模）The writer and speaker ________ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now. A．are giving B．is giving C．will give D．has given 4. （2025·上海浦东新·三模）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 二、语法填空 1.（2025·深圳·一模）The Legend of the White Snake, one of China’s four great folktales, (touch) people for over 1,000 years. 2.（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）The mother with her two boys (go) for a walk to the park every day after supper. 三、就近原则 具体用法 例句 用 or、“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...”“not...but...” 等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要由最近的主语而定。 Tom or his friends are going to the park. 汤姆或者他的朋友们要去公园。 Either you or he is right.要么你对，要么他对。 Not only the desk but also the chairs are old. 不仅桌子，椅子也旧了。 在 there be/here be 句型中存在并列主语时，be 的单复数形式要和最近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔和两本书。 There are two books and a pen on the desk. 桌上有两本书和一支笔。 1. （2024·广东） a shopping mall near Peter’s home. A．There is B．It is C．They are 2.（2025·吉林长春）There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 2.（2025·甘肃白银）Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 3.（2025·吉林长春·三模）After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ______ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 二、语法填空 1.（2025·江苏无锡）It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there (be) a lot of pollution. 2.（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only my parents but my little sister (prepare) for the birthday party when I got home. 三、完成句子 1.（2025·广州·模拟）沙滩上有很多塑料垃圾和许多瓶子。 a lot of plastic rubbish and many bottles on the beach. 2.（2025·广州·模拟）不但学生们而且李老师都对看电影感兴趣。 Not only the students but Mr Li movies. 一、单项选择 1. My sister ________ tall and ________ long straight hair. A．is; is B．is; has C．has; has D．has; is 2. The number of dog parks in the United States ________ by 40 percent in the past 5 years. A．has increased B．have increased C．is increasing D．are increasing 3. —Planting flowers in the garden ________ a wonderful way to beautify our living environment. —I couldn’t agree more. A．is B．are C．was D．were 4. Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my hometown ________ used to going for a walk after supper. A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are 5. Look! Half of the boys ________ playing football in the playground right now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 6.（2025·吉林长春·一模）I plan to travel to Beijing next month, and I think 3,000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 7. Tom, together with his parents, ________ going to visit the zoo this weekend. A．is B．are C．was D．were 8. There ________ a large number of buildings in Russian style in Harbin now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 9.（2025·北京·模拟预测）Not only the students but also the teacher ______ interested in the science experiment. A．is B．are C．was D．were 10.（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 11.（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 12. Li Zhensheng, a great Chinese scientist, ________ as the “Food Hero” as well. A．knows B．known C．is known D．are known 13. The committee members ________ agreed to support the project on preserving local traditional culture. A．have B．has C．is D．was 14.（2025·甘肃白银·一模）Everyone except Tom and John ________ seen the film. A．is B．are C．has D．have 15.（2025·甘肃定西·二模）—History as well as PE________ more and more important in middle school. —We should pay more attention to them. A．are becoming B．are getting C．is becoming D．got 二、单句语法填空（用所给词的正确形式填空） 1. The number of the students in this class 50 now. (be) 2. Using public chopsticks (be) necessary when eating with others. 3. A thousand-mile journey (start) with the first step. 4. Products made in China (be) popular at home and abroad over the past few years. 5. Jenny is the only one of her class who (pass) the competition so far, isn’t she? 6. Nothing (be) impossible as long as you stick to your dreams and act on them. 7. A number of tourists (visit) this famous place every year. 8. Happiness and health (cost) nothing, but give much. 9. My uncle has two children. But neither of them (live) with him. 10. Three quarters of the earth’s surface (be) covered by water. 11. Look! The trousers on the bed are black. That pair of trousers on the sofa (be) blue. 12. Each of us (have) a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. 13. —How hard the wind blew last night! —Yet the police (check) the scene of the crime just then. 14. Kate along with her friends often (go) shopping on Sundays. 15. There (be)a cup and two bottles on the table. 三、完成句子 1.李雷和他的同学们此刻正在愉快地打篮球。 Li Lei as well as his classmates basketball happily at the moment. 2．一些超重的人需要做更多的运动。 Some people who need to do more exercise. 3.我认为你看两个小时电视已经足够了。 I think of TV for you. 4.我的家人正逐渐习惯购物时携带布袋而不是塑料袋。 My family to carrying cloth bags instead of plastic ones when shopping. 5.AI在现代世界起到非常重要的作用。 AI in the modern world. 四、短语填空 A、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 One day, when most villagers were having dinner, a big fire broke out in the village. The fire, which was extremely fierce, 1 (quick) spread to other houses. Firefighters immediately rushed to the scene. They worked hard to put out the fire. All of a sudden, they heard a voice crying 2 help from one of the windows. It was a little girl 3 couldn’t escape from her bedroom. She was very afraid because she was only six years old. Two firefighters ran towards the 4 (burn) building at once. 5 the house was already in terrible condition, they kicked the door down. Inside, the thick smoke made it difficult 6 (see) clearly. The heat was intense, but firefighters didn’t give up. They searched carefully and finally found 7 girl. Thanks to the firefighters, she 8 (save). When the firefighters came out with the girl, the crowd burst into cheers. The firefighters had saved her at great risk to 9 (they) own lives. No matter what happens, firefighters are always the 10 (hero) we can rely on. They show us the meaning of bravery and self-sacrifice. B、语篇填词 （2025·广东广州·二模）阅读下面短文，并根据短文大意及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词（每空限填一词）。 Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team l 1 an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe faster, your face turns red, but sometimes you hide your anger in your heart. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. As soon as you find your problems, you can try to s 2 them. When you get angry, you can talk about it with a 3 , such as parents, teachers, etc. After doing this, you’ll find those bad feelings can start to go a 4 . Here are some other things you can do when you start to feel angry: count from 1 to 100; give someone a hug, go for a bike ride, or think about some good things, etc. Remember that when you are angry, how you act can make everything better or w 5 So, don’t let your anger control you. C、选词填空 （2025·广东·一模）请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 always   encourage   but   city   connect   develop   grow   healthy   join   seldom   they   when In recent years, a new course has become popular in Chinese schools: gardening. Students are 1 to plant vegetables and flowers in the school. Li Ming, a middle school student from Nanjing, 2 spent his free time outside. However, since his school started a gardening program, he has 3 an interest in taking care of plants in the open air. “At first, I thought it was boring, 4 now I find it relaxing and meaningful,” he said. Gardening not only helps students learn about nature but also teaches 5 responsibility. They water the plants every day and watch them 6 slowly. In some schools, students even cook meals with the vegetables they grow, making their lunches 7 and fresher. The activity is especially popular in big 8 like Shanghai and Guangzhou. Teachers say gardening 9 students with nature and builds team work skills. “ 10 students work together in the garden, they learn to communicate and solve problems,” one teacher explained. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 主谓一致 目录 01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 一、语法一致 4 二、意义一致 9 三、就近原则 13 04 优题精选·练能提分 15 考点 课标要求 复习目标 语法一致 · 掌握主语形式与谓语动词的单复数一致规则 1.系统复习并掌握主语与谓语动词的单复数一致规则 2. 能在语境中正确运用主谓一致的基础规则 3. 识别并区分特殊句式中的主谓一致情况（如 there be 句型、并列主语等） 意义一致 · 能根据主语所表达的 “实际意义”（而非形式）确定谓语单复数 就近原则 · 能掌握由or/either...or.../neither...nor.../not only...but also...等连接主语时，“靠近谓语的主语决定谓语形式” 的规则 · There be 句型就近原则 命题预测 主谓一致是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：语法一致（高频）、意义一致（高频）、就近原则（高频）、固定搭配与特殊名词等。 主要在语法选择、语法填空、选词填空、完成句子中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：先 “剥离干扰成分”，锁定真正主语 The number of students in our class is 50. （剥离of students in our class→ 真正主语是The number（单数）→ 谓语用is） The book that I bought yesterday belongs to my sister. 剥离干扰（去掉that I bought yesterday）→ 真正主语是The book（单数）→ 谓语用belongs。 锦囊2：按 “主语意义（而非形式）” 形单实复：police（警察群体）、people（人们）、cattle（牛群）... 形复实单：math/maths（数学）、physics（物理）、politics（政治）、economics（经济学）、The United States（美国）、news（新闻）... 集体名词：class、family、group...(由具体语境决定；强调集体或个体) 单复同形：means（方法）、series（系列）、species（物种）、deer、sheep... 锦囊3：记固定用法或特殊结构 如：with/together with...用就远原则 ；or/either...or...用就近原则 如：there be句型用就近原则；the + 形容词表 “一类人” 用复数谓语； 锦囊4：警惕易错考点 如：①“and 连接的主语” 分情况 表示同一事物 / 概念（A and B 指同一个人 / 物）→ 谓语单数 例：The writer and teacher is very famous.（这位作家兼教师很有名） 表示不同人/事物→ 谓语复数 例：The writer and the teacher are coming.（作家和教师都来了） ②“时间 / 金钱 / 距离” 作主语，视为整体用单数 例：Two hundred dollars is enough.（两百美元足够了） 注意：解答主谓一致题时，首先应当快速分析句子结构，剥离介词短语、定语从句等干扰成分，锁定真正主语，再结合主语形式、实际意义及固定规则（如就近原则），判断谓语单复数，避免被表面形式误导。 一、语法一致 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致。句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： Tom is going to take a dinner party tonight.汤姆今晚将要去参加晚宴。 These students are having an English class.这些学生们在上英语课。 具体用法如下： 具体用法 例句 主语是名词单数、单数代词one、each、every、either、neither+of...、复合不定代词something、anyone、nothing等时，谓语用单数。 He plays football every Sunday.他每个星期天都踢足球。 Everyone likes nice food.人人都喜欢美味的食物。 主语是不定式、单个动名词（短语）、主语从句，谓语用单数。 To learn English is fun.学习英语是件乐事。 Swimming keeps us healthy.游泳让我们保持健康。 What she said is true.她说的是真的。 主语是名词或代词复数、由and或both...and 构成并列主语，谓语用复数。 These flowers are very beautiful.这些花非常漂亮。 Both you and I are right.你和我都是对的。 主语后跟有with、together with、along with、as well as、except等词或短语时,谓语动词的形式与这些词或短语前面的主语保持一致。（即就远原则） Lucy as well as her brother likes reading. 露西和她哥哥都爱读书。 My mother with my sister goes shopping every Saturday. 我妈妈和我姐姐每周六都会一起去购物。 some/ a lot/ lots/ the rest/half /plenty/most...of+主语，谓语单复数与of后的名词保持一致。 A lot of time is needed for the task.该任务需要大量时间 The rest of the students are in the classroom. 其余学生都在教室里。 a pair of/ two bottles of+名词...，谓语与量词的单复数保持一致。 This pair of shoes is new.这双鞋是新的。 Three bottles of water are here. 这里有三瓶水。 分数或百分数 (+of + 名词) 作主语时，一般应根据分数或百分数指代的名词（即 of 后的名词）的单复数，决定谓语动词的单复数。 Three quarters of the water is polluted. 四分之三的水受到污染。 One fifth of the players are girls. 五分之一的选手是女孩。 重点辨析：the number of+名词+谓语（单数） a number of+ 名词+谓语（复数） The number of students in our class is 45. 我们班学生的数量是45. A number of birds are flying in the sky. 天空中有许多鸟在飞翔。 【易错提醒】 1.all 作主语时，指代可数复数→谓语复数；指代不可数→谓语单数。 例句：All are welcome to the school party. 欢迎所有人参加学校派对。（all指所有人，为可数名词） All tastes delicious. 所有食物都很美味。（all指所有的食物，为不可数名词） 2. none表示“三者或三者以上都不”,表示完全否定,可以和介词of搭配。none代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。 I have three pens, but none of them works, so I need to buy the new ones. 我有三支钢笔，但都不能用了，所以我需要买新的。 None of these pencils are mine. They all belong to Lily.这些铅笔没有一支是我的，它们都是莉莉的。 2.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语单复数由从句表达的意义决定。（表单数概念→单数，表复数概念→复数）。 例句：What he said is true.（他说的话是真的→单数）； What we need are books and water.（我们需要的是书和水→复数） 一、语法（单项）选择 1.（2025·广州·一模）He saw a small dog. The dog cold and shivering (颤抖). A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他看到一只小狗，它当时又冷又颤抖。 is一般现在时，主语是单数；are一般现在时，主语是复数；was一般过去时，主语是单数；were一般过去时，主语是复数。根据故事背景“was walking”可知是过去时，主语the dog为单数，be动词用was，故选C。 2.（2025·广州·一模）“Look, this one like a cloud!” my sister laughed. A．looks B．looked C．look D．is looked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“看，这块看起来像一朵云！”妹妹笑着说。 looks看起来(三单形式)；looked看起来(过去式)；look看(动词原形)；is looked被看(被动语态)。根据双引号可知，此句是当时作者妹妹说的原话，因此用一般现在时，主语“this one”为第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用三单形式looks。故选A。 3.（2025·广州·模拟） The true strength in the ability to bend, adapt and remain flexible in the face of challenges. A．lie B．lies C．lay D．lied 【答案】B 【解析】句意：真正的力量在于能够弯曲、适应并保持灵活。    lie躺/位于（原形）；lies位于（三单）；lay放置（过去式）；lied撒谎。时态为一般现在时，主语“strength”为单数，谓语动词需用三单形式，且“lie in”是固定搭配，表示“在于”。故选B。 4.（2025·广东·三模）But my mother by them because she was not a real tailor then. A．didn’t pay B．aren’t paid C．wasn’t paid 【答案】C 【解析】句意：但我母亲并没有得到他们的报酬，因为她那时还不是一个真正的裁缝。 didn’t pay一般过去时，主动语态；aren’t paid一般现在时的被动语态；wasn’t paid一般过去时的被动语态。根据“by them because she was not a real tailor then”可知，主语和动词之间是被动关系，且此处陈述过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 5．（2025·安徽安庆·模拟预测）The number of the students in our school ______ about 2,000 and a number of them ______ boys. A．is; are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们学校的学生人数约为2000人，其中许多是男孩。 考查主谓一致。the number of... 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of... 表示 “许多”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。故选A。 6.（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数；are用于主语为复数；was为is和am的过去式；were为are的过去式。根据语境可知，谈论的是一般的状况，句子用一般现在时；主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时，谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定；句子主语是Tom，第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 7.（2025·安徽六安·二模）Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：弗兰克对别人不太友好。因此，除了他之外，我所有的同学都收到了彼此送的圣诞礼物。 考查主谓一致以及现在完成时的用法。根据“all my classmates（我的所有同学，复数概念）”以及句子语境可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，要用现在完成时，且主语不是第三人称单数，所以要用have got。故选A。 8.（2025·四川资阳·三模）—What do you think of the environment here? —Wonderful! ________ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass. A．Two fifths, are B．Two fifth, is C．Two fifths, is D．Second five, are 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你认为这儿的环境怎么样？——好极了！五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖着。 考查分数的表达及用法。英语中分数表达方式为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1的时候，分母要加s，五分之二应表达为two fifths；“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与名词的数保持一致，结合land为不可数名词，所以be动词用其三单形式is。故选C。 二、选词填空 1.（2025·广东）Mike seeing these moments. （备选词enjoy） 【答案】enjoys 【解析】句意：Mike喜欢看到这些时刻。根据“Mike...seeing these moments.”和备选词可知，此处指Mike喜欢这些时刻，enjoy“喜欢”符合语境，本句时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式enjoys。故填enjoys。 2.（2024·广东）As biking has become a lifestyle, experts that this biking craze will continue. They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders.（备选词believe） 【答案】believe 【解析】句意：随着骑自行车成为一种生活方式，专家们相信这种骑车热潮将会持续下去。根据“As biking has become a lifestyle, experts...that this biking craze will continue.”和备选词可知，专家们相信这种骑车热潮将会持续下去，believe “相信” 符合语境，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填believe。 3.（2025·广东·模拟）It’s difficult to put a message in the sky. The pilot their shadows on the ground or their shapes in the sky.（备选词watch） 【答案】watches 【解析】句意：飞行员观察地面上的影子或天空中的形状。根据“The pilot...their shadows on the ground or their shapes in the sky. ”及备选词可知，空处指“观察”，watch符合句意，此处描述的一般事实，需一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式watches。故填watches。 三、语法填空 1.（2025·深圳·模拟）Many people (move) deeply by the colorful performances. 【答案】were moved 【解析】句意：很多人被这丰富多彩的表演所感动。根据“Many people ... deeply by the colorful performances. ”可知，此处主谓之间是被动关系，且句子为一般过去时，主语为复数。故填were moved。 2.（2025·深圳·模拟）Once, a hall (fill) with over 120 people who had come to listen to these lectures. 【答案】was filled 【解析】句意：有一次，一个礼堂里坐满了120多人，他们来听这些讲座。根据“Once”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语“a hall”与“fill”之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，主语“a hall”为第三人称单数，be动词用“was”。故填was filled。 3.（2025·深圳·模拟）The soup (offer) at near-boiling temperatures (85-90℃). 【答案】is offered 【解析】句意：汤在接近沸腾的温度下供应。The soup和offer之间是被动关系，即“汤被提供”，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是“be+过去分词”，主语soup是单数，offer的过去分词为offered，所以用is offered。故填is offered。 4.（2024·深圳）Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】has developed 【解析】句意：他于2016年首次来到中国，从那时起，他就对中国的传统文化产生了浓厚的兴趣。根据“since then”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has developed。 5.（2025·甘肃白银）We all (love) our country very much! 【答案】love 【解析】句意：我们都非常爱我们的国家！love“爱”，动词；本句主语是we all，表复数，时态是一般现在时，所以谓语动词用原形。故填love。 6.（2025·甘肃兰州·二模）Both Lily and Lucy (visit) the Lanzhou Science and Technology Museum twice. 【答案】have visited 【解析】句意：莉莉和露西都去过兰州科技博物馆两次了。根据“twice”可知，“参观兰州科技博物馆”这个动作在过去发生过两次，对现在（说话时刻）的影响是她们去过这个博物馆了，所以用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词。由于主语“Lily and Lucy”是复数意义，所以助动词用have，visit的过去分词形式是visited。故填have visited。 二、意义一致 意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以主语所表达的单复数概念而定。有时主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数形式，反之亦然。 The audience are clapping loudly for the performer.观众们正在为表演者热烈鼓掌。 （“audience” 形式是单数，意义表复数人群） Five hundred yuan is enough to buy this book.五百元足够买这本书了。 （“五百元” 形式是复数，意义表整体单数） 具体用法如下： 具体用法 例句 and连接并列成分，表示同一个人或物（即and后面无冠词），谓语用单数。 A singer and dancer is performing on stage. 一位歌手兼舞者正在舞台上表演。 A fork and knife is on the plate. 盘子上放着一把叉子和一把刀。 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算的词或短语，谓语用单数。 Fifty kilograms is too heavy for him. 50公斤对他来说太重了。 Three hours is enough to finish the task. 三小时足以完成任务。 “each/every/no +名词+ and+each/every/no+名词”作主语，谓语用单数。 Each student and each teacher knows the rule. 每个学生和老师都清楚这条规则。 No boy and no girl is late today. 今天没有男孩和女孩迟到。 “many a/more than one + 单数可数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Many a student is interested in this book. 许多学生对这本书很感兴趣。 表示复数意义的集体名词people/police/cattle做主语，谓语用复数。 The police are searching for the thief. 警方正在搜寻小偷。 Cattle are eating grass in the field. 牛正在田里吃草。 “the+形容词” 表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。 The old are taken good care of here. 这里对老年人照顾得很好。 the+姓氏名词复数，表示 “…… 一家” 或 “…… 夫妇”，谓语用复数。 The Whites are having dinner now. 怀特一家正在吃晚餐。 易错：集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据主语的意义来决定,如family、group、class、team等。如果集体名词表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果集体名词表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 His class is the best in the grade.（指整体） 他的班级是年级最好的。 His class are playing basketball.（指成员） 他班上的同学们正在打篮球。 【易错提醒】 1. 形式上是复数，但意义上视为单数的名词（如 electronics、news、maths、physics、politics、the United Nations 等），作主语时谓语动词用单数。 如：Maths is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。 2.单复数同形的名词（如 sheep、deer、means、species、series 等）作主语时，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数；表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。 如：A new means of transport has been invented.一种新的交通工具已经被发明出来。 All possible means have been tried.所有可能的方法都已经试过了。 3. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词的单复数一致。 （先行词为单数）The book that is on the desk is mine. 桌上的那本书是我的。 （先行词为复数）The students who are in the classroom are reading. 教室里的学生们正在读书。 特殊结构：“one of + 复数名词+定语从句”的先行词是 复数名词，谓语用复数。 “the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句” 的先行词是 the only one，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 如： He is one of the players who have won the national championship.他是夺冠选手之一。 She is the only one of the girls who has passed the difficult exam. 她是这些女孩中唯一通过考试的人。 4.“the+形容词”表抽象事物时，谓语动词用单数。 The new always replaces the old.新事物总会取代旧事物。 The beautiful is not always the same as the good.美的事物未必等同于好的事物。 一、单项选择 1.（2024·天津西青·二模）It was seven o’clock in the morning, and my family ________ breakfast in the living room. A．is eating B．was eating C．were having D．are having 【答案】C 【解析】句意：时间是早上七点，我们一家人正在客厅吃早餐。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“It was seven o’clock in the morning”可知，此处表示过去的某一时刻正发生的动作，时态用过去进行时was/were doing，排除A、D选项；根据“my family”可知，此处的主语表示的是“一家人”，为复数概念，因此be用were。故选C。 2．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The Smiths ______ supper at seven last night. A．was having B．were having C．is having D．are having 【答案】B 【解析】句意：史密斯一家昨晚七点正在吃晚饭。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“at seven last night”可知，句子描述的是过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应该用过去进行时“was/were doing”；主语“The Smiths”表示“史密斯一家人”，是复数概念，be动词用were。故选B。 3. （2024·四川广元·二模）The writer and speaker ________ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now. A．are giving B．is giving C．will give D．has given 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这位作家兼演说家正在大厅里做关于中国文化的演讲。 考查现在进行时和主谓一致。根据“now”可知，此处应用现在进行时，构成为am/is/are doing；根据“The writer and speaker”可知主语为the+名词，表示一个人，be动词用is。故选B。 4. （2025·上海浦东新·三模）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 【答案】A 【解析】句意：简花了一半的零用钱用来买书。剩下的存起来以后用。 考查一般现在时的被动语态及主谓一致。由“spends”可知，句子应用一般现在时；又由“The rest”可知，此处是指剩下的零用钱，零用钱与动词“save”存在被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词过去分词，钱为不可数名词，be动词用is。故选A。 二、语法填空 1.（2025·深圳·一模）The Legend of the White Snake, one of China’s four great folktales, (touch) people for over 1,000 years. 【答案】has touched 【解析】句意：白蛇传作为中国四大民间传说之一，一千多年来一直感动着人们。根据“for over 1,000 years”可知，此处表达持续至今的动作用现在完成时，touch的现在完成时结构has touched。故填has touched。 2.（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）The mother with her two boys (go) for a walk to the park every day after supper. 【答案】goes 【解析】句意：母亲每天晚饭后都带着两个儿子去公园散步。主语是“The mother”，由“every day after supper.”可知时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式，故填goes。 三、就近原则 具体用法 例句 用 or、“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...”“not...but...” 等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要由最近的主语而定。 Tom or his friends are going to the park. 汤姆或者他的朋友们要去公园。 Either you or he is right.要么你对，要么他对。 Not only the desk but also the chairs are old. 不仅桌子，椅子也旧了。 在 there be/here be 句型中存在并列主语时，be 的单复数形式要和最近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔和两本书。 There are two books and a pen on the desk. 桌上有两本书和一支笔。 1. （2024·广东） a shopping mall near Peter’s home. A．There is B．It is C．They are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：彼得家附近有一家购物中心。 There is有，It is它是；They are他们是。根据“...a shopping mall near Peter’s home.”可知，附近有一家购物中心。故选A。 2.（2025·吉林长春）There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【解析】句意： 我的房间里有一些花，我经常给它们浇水。 考查There be句型。根据“some flowers”可知，主语为复数形式，因此be动词应用复数形式；又根据“I often water them.”可知，句子描述的是现在的状态，时态为一般现在时，应用are。故选B。 2.（2025·甘肃白银）Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：看！桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。 考查there be和时态。根据“Look!”可知，句子是一般现在时；there be遵循就近原则，离be动词最近的主语是a notebook，应用is。故选A。 3.（2025·吉林长春·三模）After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ________ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】A 【解析】句意：经过多次练习后，现在苏珊和我都不会害怕在公众场合演讲了。 考查主谓一致。am是，用于主语为第一人称单数I时；is是，用于主语为第三人称单数时；are是，用于主语为复数或第二人称you时；be是动词原形。本句的主语是“neither Susan nor I”，根据“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与离谓语动词最近的主语保持一致，在本句中离谓语动词最近的主语是“I”，所以谓语动词应用am。故选A。 二、语法填空 1.（2025·江苏无锡）It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there (be) a lot of pollution. 【答案】was 【解析】句意：现在这里干净又美丽，但过去有很多污染。根据“in the past”可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；句子主语“a lot of pollution”是不可数名词，故be动词用was。故填was。 2.（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only my parents but my little sister (prepare) for the birthday party when I got home. 【答案】was preparing 【解析】句意：当我回家时，不仅我的父母，而且我的小妹妹都在为生日聚会做准备。prepare动词，意为“准备”；根据“when I got home”可知，当我回家时，他们“正在准备”，句子发生在过去，并且是过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were doing；not only...but also不仅……而且……，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致，因此是was preparing。故填was preparing。 三、完成句子 1.（2025·广州·模拟）沙滩上有很多塑料垃圾和许多瓶子。 a lot of plastic rubbish and many bottles on the beach. 【答案】 There is 【解析】根据“有……”可知，此处使用there be句型，be动词的选择满足“就近原则”，离最近的主语是a lot of plastic rubbish，不可数名词，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。故填There；is。 2.（2025·广州·模拟）不但学生们而且李老师都对看电影感兴趣。 Not only the students but Mr Li movies. 【答案】is interested in watching 【解析】 be interested in doing sth“对做某事感兴趣”，watch movies“看电影”，句子用一般现在时，主语为Not only the students but Mr Li，遵循“就近原则”，离谓语最近的主语是Mr Li，be动词用is。故填is interested in watching。 一、单项选择 1. My sister ________ tall and ________ long straight hair. A．is; is B．is; has C．has; has D．has; is 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我姐姐很高，并且她有长直发。 考查语法一致。根据“My sister...tall and...long straight hair.”可知，主语my sister是单数，所以动词要用第三人称单数，tall“高的”，形容词，前面用be动词is；have“有”，应用第三人称单数形式has。故选B。 2. The number of dog parks in the United States ________ by 40 percent in the past 5 years. A．has increased B．have increased C．is increasing D．are increasing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，美国狗公园的数量增加了40%。    考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the past 5 years”可知，句子应用现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词；主语“The number of dog parks”强调“数量”，是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式has increased，故选A。 3. —Planting flowers in the garden ________ a wonderful way to beautify our living environment. —I couldn’t agree more. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——在花园里种花是美化我们居住环境的好方法。  ——我完全同意。 考查主谓一致。主语是“Planting flowers in the garden”，这是一个动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，且句子为一般现在时，故用is。故选A。 4. Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my hometown ________ used to going for a walk after supper. A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如今，我家乡三分之二的老人习惯于晚饭后去散步。 考查分数表达和主谓一致。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示，基数词作分子，序数词作分母，如果分子大于一，序数词用复数形式，two thirds三分之二，所以排除B和C；当句子主语是分数或百分数时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定，空格后“the old people”为复数概念，故be动词应用are。故选D。 5. Look! Half of the boys ________ playing football in the playground right now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【解析】句意：看！一半的男孩现在正在操场上踢足球。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“Look!”可知，时态为现在进行时，排除CD选项；再根据“Half of the boys”可知，主语为复数，be动词应用are。故选B。 6.（2025·吉林长春·一模）I plan to travel to Beijing next month, and I think 3,000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我计划下个月去北京旅行，我认为3000元足够了。 考查主谓一致和时态。“3000 yuan”作为金额整体时，视为单数概念，谓语动词需用单数形式；根据“I plan”和“and”可知，“and”前后时态一致，句子为一般现在时态，所以be动词填is。故选C。 7. Tom, together with his parents, ________ going to visit the zoo this weekend. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：汤姆这个周末打算和他的父母一起去动物园。 考查主谓一致。“together with”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与前面的主语保持一致，Tom是第三人称单数，且根据“this weekend”可知，时态是一般将来时，应用“be going to”结构，be动词用is。故选A。 8. There ________ a large number of buildings in Russian style in Harbin now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【解析】句意：现在哈尔滨有许多建筑是仿俄罗斯式的。 考查主谓一致。根据“now”可知时态为一般现在时，排除选项C、D；且该句为“there be”句型，遵循就近原则，a large number of buildings为复数，故应用are。故选B。 9.（2025·北京·模拟预测）Not only the students but also the teacher ______ interested in the science experiment. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：不仅学生，老师也对科学实验感兴趣。 考查主谓一致。“not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，即与离它最近的主语保持一致。在“Not only the students but also the teacher”这个结构中，离谓语动词最近的主语是“the teacher”，为第三人称单数。句子表达的是一种一般的状态，用一般现在时，所以be动词要用is。故选A。 10.（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过法国，但他们对这个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地，主语为第三人称单数；has been to去过某地，主语是第三人称单数；have gone to去了某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数；have been to去过某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据“Neither Jim nor Tom ... France before”可知，吉姆和汤姆以前没去过法国，表示“去过某地”应用have/has been to；“neither... nor...”连接两个主语时，遵循“就近原则”，Tom是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故选B。 11.（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 【答案】B 【解析】句意：近年来，一些欧洲国家的人口正在减少。许多年轻人正在搬到大城市。 考查主谓一致。The population作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据“Many young people are moving to big cities.”可知，是人口变少了，用small的比较级smaller。故选B。 12. Li Zhensheng, a great Chinese scientist, ________ as the “Food Hero” as well. A．knows B．known C．is known D．are known 【答案】C 【解析】句意：李振声，一位伟大的中国科学家，也被称为“粮食英雄”。 考查被动语态。“be known as”是固定短语，意为“被称为，被当作”，句子主语是“Li Zhensheng”，所以be动词用is。故选C。 13. The committee members ________ agreed to support the project on preserving local traditional culture. A．have B．has C．is D．was 【答案】A 【解析】句意：委员会成员已经同意支持保护当地传统文化的项目。 考查主谓一致。句子的主语The committee members是复数名词，谓语动词应使用复数形式，选项A符合。故选A。 14.（2025·甘肃白银·一模）Everyone except Tom and John ________ seen the film. A．is B．are C．has D．have 【答案】C 【解析】句意：除了Tom和John每个人都看过这部电影。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。根据seen可知，时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，分析句子结构可知，主语为everyone，因此谓语要用单数形式has。故选C。 15.（2025·甘肃定西·二模）—History as well as PE________ more and more important in middle school. —We should pay more attention to them. A．are becoming B．are getting C．is becoming D．got 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——历史和体育在中学变得越来越重要。——我们应该更加重视它们。 考查主谓一致和动词搭配。主语是“History as well as PE”，其中“as well as”连接两个名词时，谓语动词应与其前面的名词（History）保持一致，因此be动词用单数形式。故选C。 二、单句语法填空（用所给词的正确形式填空） 1. The number of the students in this class 50 now. (be) 【答案】is 【解析】句意：这个班现在有50名学生。根据“now”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，“the number of + 复数名词”结构表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式，应填is。故填is。 2. Using public chopsticks (be) necessary when eating with others. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：和别人一起吃饭时，使用公共筷子是必要的。句中的主语是单个动名词短语“Using public chopsticks”，句子叙述事实，用一般现在时，因此be动词用is。故填is。 3. A thousand-mile journey (start) with the first step. 【答案】starts 【解析】句意：千里之行始于足下。本句是谚语，陈述一个事实，句子时态应用一般现在时，且主语“A thousand-mile journey”为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式starts。故填starts。 4. Products made in China (be) popular at home and abroad over the past few years. 【答案】have been 【解析】句意：在过去的几年里，中国制造的产品在国内外都很受欢迎。根据“Products made in China...popular at home and abroad over the past few years.”可知，句中“over the past few years”是现在完成时的时间标志词，现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”。主语“Products made in China”是复数，所以助动词用“have”，“be”的过去分词是“been”。故填have been。 5. Jenny is the only one of her class who (pass) the competition so far, isn’t she? 【答案】has passed 【解析】句意：珍妮是她班上到目前为止唯一一个通过这次比赛的人，不是吗？根据“so far”可知，此处用现在完成时态；“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是the only one，强调的是唯一的一个，所以从句中的谓语动词要用三单形式。故填has passed。 6. Nothing (be) impossible as long as you stick to your dreams and act on them. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：没有什么是不可能的，只要你坚持你的梦想，并为之行动。不定代词“nothing”作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式，且句子为一般现在时，故填is。 7. A number of tourists (visit) this famous place every year. 【答案】visit 【解析】句意：每年都有许多游客参观这个著名的地方。根据“every year”可知，句子时态为一般现在时；a number of“许多的”，后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，所以此处应用动词原形visit。故填visit。 8. Happiness and health (cost) nothing, but give much. 【答案】cost 【解析】句意：幸福和健康不费分文，但付出很多。根据“Happiness and health…nothing, but give much.”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是Happiness and health，谓语动词应为动词原形。故填cost。 9. My uncle has two children. But neither of them (live) with him. 【答案】lives 【解析】句意：我的叔叔有两个孩子，但他们都没有和他住在一起。主语“neither of them”表示“他们中没有一个”，是单数意义，因此谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式“lives”。故填lives。 10. Three quarters of the earth’s surface (be) covered by water. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：地球表面四分之三被水覆盖。此句是一般现在时，根据“Three quarters of”可知，分数修饰中心词时，be动词的单复数由修饰的中心词单复数所决定，结合“the earth’s surface”可知，be动词用is，故填is。 11. Look! The trousers on the bed are black. That pair of trousers on the sofa (be) blue. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：看！床上的裤子是红色的。沙发上的那条裤子是蓝色的。“That pair of trousers”作主语时，谓语动词形式要与量词一致，“pair”是单数形式，所以be动词用单数is。故填is。 12. Each of us (have) a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. 【答案】has 【解析】句意：我们每个人都有一个人生目标，它会指引我们走向光明的未来。该句时态为一般现在时，“Each of us”意为“我们每个人”，强调个体，作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式，have的三单形式是has。故填has。 13. —How hard the wind blew last night! —Yet the police (check) the scene of the crime just then. 【答案】were checking 【解析】句意：——昨晚风刮得真厉害！——然而，警察那时正在检查犯罪现场。check“检查”，根据“just then”可知此处表示刮风的时候警察正在检查犯罪现场，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是集体名词police，所以be动词用were。故填were checking。 14. Kate along with her friends often (go) shopping on Sundays. 【答案】goes 【解析】句意：凯特和她的朋友们经常在星期天去购物。根据“often”可知用一般现在时，主语“Kate along with her friends”，谓语采用就远一致原则，与Kate保持一致，用动词第三人称单数形式，go的第三人称单数形式是goes。故填goes。 15. There (be)a cup and two bottles on the table. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：桌子上有一个杯子和两个瓶子。此句是一般现在时，there be遵顼“就近原则”，离be动词最近的名词cup是单数，be动词填is，故填is。 三、完成句子 1.李雷和他的同学们此刻正在愉快地打篮球。 Li Lei as well as his classmates basketball happily at the moment. 【答案】 is playing 【解析】“as well as his classmates” 是附加成分，核心主语为 Li Lei（单数），根据主谓一致 “就远原则”，be 动词用 is；“此刻” 对应时间标志词 at the moment，需用现在进行时（be + doing），play 的现在分词为 playing。故填 is playing。 2．一些超重的人需要做更多的运动。 Some people who need to do more exercise. 【答案】 are overweight 【解析】“超重的”对应的英文是overweight。这里需要填入一个系表结构，来修饰people。主语是people，be动词用are。故填are；overweight。 3.我认为你看两个小时电视已经足够了。 I think of TV for you. 【答案】 two hours is enough 【解析】根据“两个小时”two hours；two hours of TV作主语，谓语动词用单数，“足够的”enough，是形容词，think后的宾语从句是“主系表”结构，时态是一般现在时，所以be动词用is。故填two；hours；is；enough。 4.我的家人正逐渐习惯购物时携带布袋而不是塑料袋。 My family to carrying cloth bags instead of plastic ones when shopping. 【答案】are getting used 【解析】对照中英文可知，缺少“正逐渐习惯”。根据“正”可知，此句时态为现在进行时，结构为am/is/are doing。主语为“My family”，指家人，be动词用are；“逐渐习惯于做某事”即“变得习惯于做某事”用get used to doing sth，get的现在分词为getting。故填are getting used。 5.AI在现代世界起到非常重要的作用。 AI in the modern world. 【答案】 plays an important role/part 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“起到非常重要的作用”。描述事实用一般现在时。主语为“AI”，谓语动词用三单形式。“在……起……作用”用动词短语play a/an+形容词+role/part in，play的三单形式为plays。“重要的”用形容词important，作定语，以元音音素开头，用an修饰。故填plays；an；important；role/part。 四、短语填空 A、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 One day, when most villagers were having dinner, a big fire broke out in the village. The fire, which was extremely fierce, 1 (quick) spread to other houses. Firefighters immediately rushed to the scene. They worked hard to put out the fire. All of a sudden, they heard a voice crying 2 help from one of the windows. It was a little girl 3 couldn’t escape from her bedroom. She was very afraid because she was only six years old. Two firefighters ran towards the 4 (burn) building at once. 5 the house was already in terrible condition, they kicked the door down. Inside, the thick smoke made it difficult 6 (see) clearly. The heat was intense, but firefighters didn’t give up. They searched carefully and finally found 7 girl. Thanks to the firefighters, she 8 (save). When the firefighters came out with the girl, the crowd burst into cheers. The firefighters had saved her at great risk to 9 (they) own lives. No matter what happens, firefighters are always the 10 (hero) we can rely on. They show us the meaning of bravery and self-sacrifice. 【答案】 1．quickly 2．for 3．who 4．burning 5．Although/Though 6．to see 7．the 8．was saved 9．their 10．heroes 【导语】本文描述了一场村庄火灾中，消防员英勇救援被困小女孩的感人故事，展现了消防员的勇敢与无私。 1．句意：火势极其猛烈，迅速蔓延到其他房屋。根据“spread to other houses”可知，此处表示火势蔓延的速度很快，因此用副词“quickly”修饰动词“spread”。故填quickly。 2．句意：突然，他们听到一个声音从一扇窗户里哭喊着求救。根据“crying...help”可知，此处表示哭喊着求救，因此用介词“for”表示目的。故填for。 3．句意：那是一个无法从卧室逃出来的小女孩。根据“It was a little girl...couldn’t escape from her bedroom.”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词“a little girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词“who”引导。故填who。 4．句意：两名消防员立即跑向燃烧的大楼。根据“building”可知，此处表示大楼正在燃烧的状态，因此用现在分词“burning”作定语修饰“building”。故填burning。 5．句意：尽管房子已经处于糟糕的状态，他们还是踢开了门。根据“...the house was already in terrible condition, they kicked the door down.”可知，此处表示尽管房子状况糟糕，但他们还是采取了行动，因此用连词“Although”或“Though”引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。 6．句意：里面浓烟滚滚，很难看清。根据“made it difficult...clearly”可知，此处表示使看清变得困难，因此用动词不定式“to see”作宾语补足语，构成“make it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。故填to see。 7．句意：他们仔细搜索，终于找到了那个女孩。根据“finally found...girl”可知，此处表示特指上文提到的小女孩，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 8．句意：多亏了消防员，她得救了。根据“she...(save).”可知，此处表示她被救，且描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was saved”。故填was saved。 9．句意：消防员冒着生命危险救了她。根据“...own lives”可知，此处表示他们自己的生命，因此用形容词性物主代词“their”修饰“lives”。故填their。 10．句意：无论发生什么，消防员总是我们可以依靠的英雄。根据“firefighters are always the...(hero) we can rely on.”可知，此处表示消防员是我们可以依靠的英雄，且主语“firefighters”为复数，因此用名词复数形式“heroes”。故填heroes。 B、语篇填词 （2025·广东广州·二模）阅读下面短文，并根据短文大意及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词（每空限填一词）。 Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team l 1 an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe faster, your face turns red, but sometimes you hide your anger in your heart. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. As soon as you find your problems, you can try to s 2 them. When you get angry, you can talk about it with a 3 , such as parents, teachers, etc. After doing this, you’ll find those bad feelings can start to go a 4 . Here are some other things you can do when you start to feel angry: count from 1 to 100; give someone a hug, go for a bike ride, or think about some good things, etc. Remember that when you are angry, how you act can make everything better or w 5 So, don’t let your anger control you. 【答案】1．(l)oses 2．(s)olve 3．(a)dults 4．(a)way 5．(w)orse 【导语】本文主要介绍了愤怒这种情绪，以及在生气时应该如何应对和处理。 1．句意：当你的老师给你太多作业，当你的队伍输了一场重要的比赛，当一个朋友借走你最喜欢的东西然后弄坏了它，你可能会生气。根据“when your team…an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get angry.”和首字母提示可知，此处描述的是队伍输掉比赛的情况，lose表示“输掉”，主语your team是第三人称单数，且句子时态为一般现在时，所以动词要用第三人称单数形式loses。故填(l)oses。 2．句意：一旦你发现问题，你可以尝试去解决它们。根据“As soon as you find your problems, you can try to…them.”和首字母提示可知，此处指的是解决问题，solve表示“解决”。try to do sth是固定短语，表示“尝试做某事”，所以此处solve要用原形。故填(s)olve。 3．句意：当你生气的时候，你可以和成年人谈谈，比如父母、老师等。根据“When you get angry, you can talk about it with…”和首字母提示以及后文列举的parents, teachers等可知，此处指的是成年人，adult表示“成年人”，泛指的成年人用复数形式adults。故填(a)dults。 4．句意：这样做之后，你会发现那些不好的感觉开始消失。根据“After doing this, you’ll find those bad feelings can start to go…”和首字母提示可知，此处指的是不好的感觉开始消失，go away表示“消失”。故填(a)way。 5．句意：记住，当你生气的时候，你的行为会让一切变得更好或更糟。根据“Remember that when you are angry, how you act can make everything better or…”和首字母提示可知，此处指的是行为会让事情变得更好或更糟，worse意为“更糟”。故填(w)orse。 C、选词填空 （2025·广东·一模）请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 always   encourage   but   city   connect   develop   grow   healthy   join   seldom   they   when In recent years, a new course has become popular in Chinese schools: gardening. Students are 1 to plant vegetables and flowers in the school. Li Ming, a middle school student from Nanjing, 2 spent his free time outside. However, since his school started a gardening program, he has 3 an interest in taking care of plants in the open air. “At first, I thought it was boring, 4 now I find it relaxing and meaningful,” he said. Gardening not only helps students learn about nature but also teaches 5 responsibility. They water the plants every day and watch them 6 slowly. In some schools, students even cook meals with the vegetables they grow, making their lunches 7 and fresher. The activity is especially popular in big 8 like Shanghai and Guangzhou. Teachers say gardening 9 students with nature and builds team work skills. “ 10 students work together in the garden, they learn to communicate and solve problems,” one teacher explained. 【答案】 1．encouraged 2．seldom 3．developed 4．but 5．them 6．grow 7．healthier 8．cities 9．connects 10．When 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了近年来园艺课程在中国学校中流行起来，介绍了学生参与园艺活动的情况、园艺活动带来的益处以及其在大城市尤其受欢迎的现象。 1．句意：学生们被鼓励在学校种植蔬菜和花卉。根据“In recent years, a new course has become popular in Chinese schools: gardening.”可知，园艺是一门新课程，所以鼓励学生种植蔬菜，备选词encourage“鼓励”符合语境，students和“鼓励”之间是被动关系，这里用被动语态，空前已有are，encourage的过去分词形式为encouraged。故填encouraged。 2．句意：李明，一名来自南京的中学生，过去很少在户外度过他的空闲时间。根据后文“However, since his school started a gardening program”可知，此处表示过去很少这样做，备选词seldom“很少”符合语境，seldom为频度副词。故填seldom。 3．句意：然而，自从他的学校开展了园艺项目，他对在户外照料植物产生了兴趣。根据“now I find it relaxing and meaningful”可知，对在户外照料植物产生了兴趣，“develop an interest in”表示“对……产生兴趣”，备选词develop“发展，逐渐形成”符合语境，根据“since his school started a gardening program”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，空前有has，develop的过去分词为developed。故填developed。 4．句意：“起初，我觉得这很无聊，但现在我觉得它令人放松且有意义。”他说。根据前后文语境可知，此处表示转折关系，备选词but“但是”符合语境。故填but。 5．句意：园艺不仅帮助学生了解自然，还教会他们责任感。根据“Gardening not only helps students learn about nature but also teaches…responsibility.”可知，此处指还教会学生责任感，使用代词they指代students，teach是动词，后接宾格作宾语，they的宾格形式是them。故填them。 6．句意：他们每天给植物浇水，看着它们慢慢生长。根据“They water the plants”可知，给植物浇水后它们会慢慢生长，备选词grow“生长”符合语境，watch sb./sth. do sth.表示“看某人/某物做某事”。故填grow。 7．句意：在一些学校，学生们甚至用自己种的蔬菜做饭，让他们的午餐更健康、更新鲜。根据“students even cook meals with the vegetables they grow”可知，自己种的菜应该是新鲜和健康的，备选词healthy“健康的”符合语境，结合“and fresher”可知，此处应填形容词比较级，与fresher并列，healthy的比较级是healthier。故填healthier。 8．句意：这项活动在像上海和广州这样的大城市尤其受欢迎。根据“like Shanghai and Guangzhou”可知，这里指大城市，备选词city“城市”符合语境，此处应用复数形式cities。故填cities。 9．句意：老师们说园艺将学生与自然联系起来，并且培养团队合作技能。根据“Teachers say gardening … students with nature and builds team work skills.”可知，此处指园艺将学生与自然联系起来，备选词connect“联系”符合语境，“connect...with...”表示“把……和……联系起来” ，句子时态为一般现在时，主语gardening是动名词，看作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式connects。故填connects。 10．句意：“当学生们在花园里一起劳动时，他们学会了沟通和解决问题。”一位老师解释道。根据句子结构可知，这里需要连词引导时间状语从句，when表示“当……时候”，符合语境。故填When。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $