专题02 被动语态（复习讲义）（广东专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“被动语态”专题，覆盖中考核心考点，包括一般现在时、过去时、将来时、现在完成时及含情态动词的被动结构，主动被动语义场景区分，主动表被动和无被动等易错点。通过考情剖析、思维导图构建知识网络，考点通关分模块梳理句型、时态、用法及转换方法，配合优题精选的真题训练，形成“考点-方法-实战”系统复习链。 亮点在于以思维品质为导向，用思维导图可视化知识联系，通过“主谓关系快速判断”“标志性状语定时态”等策略突破难点，如用“need repairing=to be repaired”实例解析主动表被动。设置分层练习（语法选择、填空、写作运用），配合5分钟限时测试，提升语言能力和学习效率，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，学生高效突破语法易错点。

专题02 被动语态 目录 01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 一、被动语态的基本句型 4 二、常用时态的被动语态结构 4 三、被动语态的用法 4 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 5 五、主动形式表被动含义的情况 7 六、无被动语态的情况 7 04 优题精选·练能提分 10 考点 课标要求 复习目标 一般现在时被动 · 掌握结构：am/is/are + 过去分词及运用 1.系统复习被动语态的基本句型、各时态下被动语态的结构及运用 2.精准区分主动与被动的语义场景，能根据主谓关系快速判断是否使用被动语态。 3.熟练规避 “主动表被动”“无被动情况” 等易错点，在语法选择、语法填空及写作运用中做到零失误。 一般过去时被动 · 掌握结构：was/were + 过去分词及运用 一般将来时被动 · 掌握结构：will be + 过去分词 及运用‌ 现在完成时被动 · 掌握结构：have/has been + 过去分词及运用 含情态动词被动 · 掌握结构：情态动词（can/must/should 等）+ be + 过去分词 主动表被动 · 掌握5类主动表被动的核心场景 无被动的情况 · 掌握不能用被动语态的情况 命题预测 被动语态是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：一般现在时的被动语态（高频）、一般过去时的被动语态（超高频）、一般将来时的被动语态（高频）、现在完成时的被动语态、含情态动词的被动语态（高频）。 主要在语法选择、选词填空、语法填空、完成句子及写作运用中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：根据“标志性状语”，定时态 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by＋时间，so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。 锦囊2：根据“主谓关系”，定语态 主语是动作的承受者（被……） The window was broken by Tom.（窗户被汤姆打碎了，窗户是 “打碎” 的承受者） 主语是动作的执行者（做……） Tom broke the window.（汤姆打碎了窗户，汤姆是 “打碎” 的执行者） 锦囊3：根据“主谓一致”，定谓语单复数 被动语态中，助动词（am/is/are/was/were/have/has）的单复数需与主语保持一致。 锦囊4：根据“固定句式或特殊情况” 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。 It is said/reported/believed that… need/want/require + doing = to be done 注意：解答动词题时，首先应当分辨是否为谓语。如果是谓语，紧接着在文中寻找标志性时间状语或固定句型的标志词，然后结合复杂语境中的逻辑意思进一步确定时态、语态和主谓一致。 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语动词有主动和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态由“助动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 一、被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+（by） English is spoken in many countries. 否定句 主语+be not+过去分词+（by） English isn't spoken in many countries. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+（by） Is English spoken in many countries？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by） What language is spoken in many countries？ 二、常用时态的被动语态结构 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The bike is repaired every week. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The bike was repaired yesterday. 一般将来时 will + be + 过去分词 The bike will be repaired tomorrow. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 The bike has been repaired already. 含情态动词的 被动语态 情态动词（can/must/should等）+ be + 过去分词 The bike must be repaired. 三、被动语态的用法 1.不清楚动作的执行者。 如：The cup was broken. 杯子碎了。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 如：The winner was praised by everyone. 获胜者被所有人称赞。 3. 不必指出动作的执行者。 如：Rules should be followed. 规则应被遵守。 4. 动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。 如：The house was washed away by the heavy rain.房子被暴雨冲走了。 5. 固定句式中常用被动语态，一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词,如believe、consider、expect、suppose、think、say等可用于句型“It is+过去分词+that 从句。” It is believed that... 人们认为…… It's said that... 据说…… It's reported that... 据报道…… It's known that... 众所周知…… It's generally considered that... 人们普遍认为…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1.主动语态“主语+谓语+宾语”结构变被动语态 将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面： ①将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。 ②将主动语态的谓语动词改为相应的被动形式。 ③把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，若主语是人称代词，要将主格变为宾格，并由by引出 。 2.带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 如果句子中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，可以将其中任何一个变成被动句的主语。谓语动词带双宾语变为被动语态时，既可以将间接宾语转换为主语，也可以将直接宾语转换为主语。 情况一：若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语。 被动语态结构：主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 情况二：若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 被动语态结构：主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to/for+原间接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 注意： ①.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring、give、send、show、take、pass、lend、 post、teach、write、throw、hand等。 ②.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带for的动词有：buy、cook、find、get、make、save 等。 3.主动语态“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构变被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处(谓语动词后面)，成为主语补足语。 被动语态结构：主语(原宾语)+be+过去分词+原宾语补足语+by+宾语(原主语). 【易错提醒】 1.在主动语态中有些感官动词(see，watch，hear，feel, notice等)和使役动词(have，let，make等)后使用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to还原，不定式为主语补足语，即hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/seen to do sth.； make sb. do sth → sb. be made to do sth. 例如：主动：We often hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。 →被动：He is often heard to play the guitar by us. 2. 当谓语是短语动词时，变被动语态需保留其中的介词或副词。 主动：We will give up the plan.我们将放弃这个计划。 →被动：The plan will be given up by us.这个计划将被我们放弃。 五、主动形式表被动含义的情况 1. look，sound，taste，smell，feel，prove，become等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：The soup tastes good. 汤尝起来味道很好。 2. open, lock, write, read, sell，clean，watch，cut burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，常与“well、easily、smoothly”等副词连用，表示主语的特征或性能，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 3. 在 “主语 + be + 性质形容词 + to do” 结构中，当主语是 to do 的逻辑宾语时，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有 difficult、easy、hard、interesting、pleasant、nice、comfortable、dangerous、important 等。 如：The cake is easy to make.这种蛋糕很容易做。 English is difficult to learn for me.对我来说英语难学。 4.want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 5.be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 六、无被动语态的情况 1. 绝大部分不及物动词，没有被动语态。这类动词无宾语，故无被动语态。常见词： • 表发生 / 消失：happen、take place、occur、appear、disappear... • 表来去：come、go、arrive、leave ... • 表状态：stand、lie、sit、exist ... 注意：“不及物动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（此时相当于及物动词），可接宾语，因此有被动语态。 She looks after her little brother. 她照顾弟弟 。 Her little brother is looked after by her. 弟弟被她照顾。 2. 以下动词短语无被动语态。 break out（爆发）、run out（用完）、come true（实现）、date back to（追溯到）、suffer from（遭受）、 consist of （由…… 组成）...... 3. 表示 “拥有” 的动词 如 have、own、possess、belong to（表所属关系，无被动） 如：√ She has a new bike.（她有一辆新自行车） × 不能说 A new bike is had by her... 4.当谓语动词的宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，句子不能用被动语态。 如： She taught herself English when she was a child. 她小时候自学英语。 People in the community care about one another. 社区里的人们相互关心。 一、语法选择 1.（2025·广东）When she was older, she to do easy tasks like beating eggs. A．is allowed B．was allowed C．was allowing 2.（2024·广东）Now at the age of fifteen, he £15 every week. A．gives B．is given C．is giving 3.（2023·广东）At the age of seven, David had his first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents to a Family Space Camp. A．invited B．are invited C．were invited 4.（2025·广州）I had never seen such a big one in the wild. I by fear. A．catch B．caught C．am caught D．was caught 5.（2024·广州） One reason is that the penguin eggs by seabirds and other animals. A．eat B．ate C．are eating D．are eaten 6.（2023·广州） This little one Little Six. He was weak and quiet. A．called B．was calling C．was called D．were called 7. （2025·广州·模拟） Some popular works can even in art shops around the city. A．see B．have seen C．be seen D．seeing 8. （2025·广东·模拟） I by what he said. Why not have a try? A．blow away B．blew away C．was blown away 9. （2025·安徽·模拟）So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟). A．are introduced B．were introduced C．have introduced D．have been introduced 10.（2025·上海·模拟）The old school building ________ next year. A．rebuild B．will rebuild C．are rebuilt D．will be rebuilt 二、语法填空 1.（2025·深圳模拟）So far, a web page (plan) by her to try to raise money, so she can make more e-bikes. 2.（2025·深圳模拟）（易错题）The exam (hold) every three years and had four levels: the county examination (童试), the provincial examination, the metropolitan examination (会试) and the palace examination. 3.（2025·深圳模拟） Besides, more creative red tourism products will (develop). 4.（2024·深圳）I (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. 三、语篇填词 1.（2025·广州·模拟）The 24 Solar Terms were l as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2016. 2.（2025·广州·模拟）To show great honor towards the loong, Loong Dance was invented by the Chinese during the Han Dynasty. Now it has been s all over the world. 3.（2025·广州·模拟）That’s because the bamboo bangs (爆炸) loudly when it is b . 四、选词填空 1.（2025·广东·模拟）Lots of information about sports events can be online. （备选词find） 2. （2025·广东·模拟）The metaphor (比喻) was first by Zhi Daolin, a Buddhist master of the Jin Dynasty. （备选词use） 3. （2025·广东·模拟）A creative TCM milk tea is by Chongqing Jiangbei District Hospital of TCM. （备选词make） 五、完成句子 1.（2025·广州）目前，许多老人使用智能手机有困难，需要被给予更多支持。 Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support. 2.（2025·广州·模拟）例如，每年都应该种植更多的树木。 For example, more trees each year. 3.（2025·广州·模拟）林慧被要求注意滑雪的关键细节。 Lin Hui to pay attention to the key details about skiing. 4.（2024·广州）下周，我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。麦克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。 A lot of fun games on the Sports Day in our school next week. Mike and Tom will take part in the “three-legged” race. 5.（2023·广州）我希望有一天我的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。 I hope one day my art works in the art gallery. 一、单项选择 1. Every year, the Mid-autumn Festival ________ on lunar August 15th. A．celebrate B．celebrates C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 2. He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 3. In the past ten years, different ways ________ to recycle the plastic waste. A．tried B．were tried C．have tried D．have been tried 4. The foreign guests ________ around our city by our school bus this afternoon. A．will show B．will be shown C．are shown D．are going to show. 5. This kind of flower ________ every day, or it will die. A．must water B．must be watered C．should water D．can be watered 6. His bike is broken. It needs ________ soon. A．be repaired B．to be repair C．repairing D．be mended 7. It ________ Jia Ling has become one of the most successful female directors. A．is turned out B．turns out C．is carried out D．carries out 8. In some schools, students ______ wear school uniforms on weekdays. A．make B．are made C．are made to D．make to 9. —Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I ______, I will go on time. A．invite B．will be invited C．am invited D．was invited 10. Children under 18 should not ________ drive a car. A．allow B．be allowed to C．allowed to D．be allowing to 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese (teach) in more and more schools outside our country. 2. The two boys were made (complete) 10 hours of community service. 3. I (hit) on the shoulder by the boy who ran past me quickly. 4. The telephone (invent) by Bell many years ago. 5. I promise that all the problems (solve) by us soon, Mr. Bates. 6. Although they have made some improvement, so far no basketball court (build). 7. As an old saying goes, “Nothing can (achieve) without perseverance.” 8. This kind of iPad (sell) well in our computer shop. 9. How dirty the tables are! They need (clean). 10. The lecture is worth (attend). Please tell John not to be late. 三、完成句子 1.上周六，我校举办了一场充满激情的篮球赛。 Last Saturday, an exciting basketball match in our school. 2. 杰克和汤姆是好朋友，他们被认为是彼此的好帮手。 Jack and Tom are good friends, they as great helpers of each other. 3.为了帮助有需要的人，社区将设立一个志愿者组织。 To help those in need, a voluntary group in the community. 4.根据奶奶的建议，这汤应该煮两个小时以上。 According to Grandma’s suggestion, the soup for more than 2 hours. 5.最近几年，章丘的变化有目共睹。 Anyone can see that great changes have in Zhangqiu in the recent years. 四、短文填空 A 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Dongzhi, the Winter Solstice? It is the day with 1 (long) night and the shortest day. It usually happens around December 22nd every year. Let’s learn 2 this day is special. After the Winter Solstice, the days get longer and the nights get shorter. This means the sun will shine more every day! In China, the year 3 (divide) into 24 solar terms (节气). These terms follow the Sun’s movement. They help with farming and festivals. The Winter Solstice is the first term to be set up, 4 it is very important in Chinese culture. 5 long time ago, the Winter Solstice was a big festival. People celebrated with food and fun. Even the emperor gave people a day off, and all 6 (market) closed. People believed it brought good luck. In northern China, people eat dumplings to stay warm. In southern China, families eat sweet rice balls called tangyuan. This makes the festival a time for reunion. The Winter Solstice starts “Counting the nines.” People count every nine days as a “nine” and there are nine such “nines” 7 total, lasting for eighty-one days. In ancient times, people 8 (deep) understood nature and climate (气候) change. They used “Counting the nines” 9 (predict) the arrival of spring. It was a way for   10 (they) to look forward to warmer weather and the wake-up of all things. B 语篇填词 阅读短文，根据所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。（每空限填一词） The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Qingming, the 5th solar term, starts this year on April 4 and ends on April 19. It is a time to remember loved ones who have passed away. The word’s meaning “clear” and “bright” describe the weather during this period. Temperatures begin to rise s 1 and rainfall increases, making it an important time for plowing and sowing in spring. It’s also a p 2 time for outdoor activities. One of the most popular a 3 is flying kites. People not only fly kites during the day but also at night, with lanterns attached to them, making them look like stars in the sky. It is believed that cutting the kite string while it is flying can bring good luck and drive away diseases. Another tradition is the Cold Food Festival. It is c 4 on the day before Qingming. On this day, people a 5 using fire and eat only cold food. This tradition comes from a story about Prince Chong’er, who was exiled and helped by a loyal follower, Jie Zitui. To honor Jie, people are not allowed to use the fire for cooking on this day. C 选词填空（时文阅读） 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 sadly   we   as   designer   with   hardly   of   spend   well  successful   born   million Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, was 1 in Guangdong Province in 1926. He studied shipbuilding in Shanghai from 1945 to 1949. This helped build a foundation (基础) for his later work. In 1958, because 2 his excellent skills, Huang was called to Beijing. Later, he became one of the first scientists working on China's nuclear submarine (核潜艇) project. For the next 30 years, he worked hard in secret on it. He and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties. In 1970, he and his team 3 launched (发射) China’s first nuclear submarine. And it worked 4 than the first US nuclear submarine launched in 1954. Huang was well-known as the main 5 of China’s first nuclear submarines and got many honors. 6 China’s navy (海军) began to share more stories, people learned about Huang and his team. They started to call Huang “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines”. 7 , Huang died at 99 on February 6th, 2025 in Wuhan because of illness. Besides helping make nuclear submarines, he cared a lot about China’s science and tech future, as well as young people’s growth. He gave more than 20 8 yuan to help with scientific research, education and sharing science knowledge. He 9 his whole life making China’s nuclear submarine industry and national defense (国防) stronger. This encourages all of 10 to try our best to make our county better. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 被动语态 目录 01考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 一、被动语态的基本句型 4 二、常用时态的被动语态结构 4 三、被动语态的用法 4 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 5 五、主动形式表被动含义的情况 7 六、无被动语态的情况 7 04 优题精选·练能提分 8 考点 课标要求 复习目标 一般现在时被动 · 掌握结构：am/is/are + 过去分词及运用 1.系统复习被动语态的基本句型、各时态下被动语态的结构及运用 2.精准区分主动与被动的语义场景，能根据主谓关系快速判断是否使用被动语态。 3.熟练规避 “主动表被动”“无被动情况” 等易错点，在语法选择、语法填空及写作运用中做到零失误。 一般过去时被动 · 掌握结构：was/were + 过去分词及运用 一般将来时被动 · 掌握结构：will be + 过去分词 及运用‌ 现在完成时被动 · 掌握结构：have/has been + 过去分词及运用 含情态动词被动 · 掌握结构：情态动词（can/must/should 等）+ be + 过去分词 主动表被动 · 掌握5类主动表被动的核心场景 无被动的情况 · 掌握不能用被动语态的情况 命题预测 被动语态是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：一般现在时的被动语态（高频）、一般过去时的被动语态（超高频）、一般将来时的被动语态（高频）、现在完成时的被动语态、含情态动词的被动语态（高频）。 主要在语法选择、选词填空、语法填空、完成句子及写作运用中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：根据“标志性状语”，定时态 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by＋时间，so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。 锦囊2：根据“主谓关系”，定语态 主语是动作的承受者（被……） The window was broken by Tom.（窗户被汤姆打碎了，窗户是 “打碎” 的承受者） 主语是动作的执行者（做……） Tom broke the window.（汤姆打碎了窗户，汤姆是 “打碎” 的执行者） 锦囊3：根据“主谓一致”，定谓语单复数 被动语态中，助动词（am/is/are/was/were/have/has）的单复数需与主语保持一致。 锦囊4：根据“固定句式或特殊情况” 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。 It is said/reported/believed that… need/want/require + doing = to be done 注意：解答动词题时，首先应当分辨是否为谓语。如果是谓语，紧接着在文中寻找标志性时间状语或固定句型的标志词，然后结合复杂语境中的逻辑意思进一步确定时态、语态和主谓一致。 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语动词有主动和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态由“助动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 一、被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+（by） English is spoken in many countries. 否定句 主语+be not+过去分词+（by） English isn't spoken in many countries. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+（by） Is English spoken in many countries？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by） What language is spoken in many countries？ 二、常用时态的被动语态结构 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The bike is repaired every week. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The bike was repaired yesterday. 一般将来时 will + be + 过去分词 The bike will be repaired tomorrow. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 The bike has been repaired already. 含情态动词的 被动语态 情态动词（can/must/should等）+ be + 过去分词 The bike must be repaired. 三、被动语态的用法 1.不清楚动作的执行者。 如：The cup was broken. 杯子碎了。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 如：The winner was praised by everyone. 获胜者被所有人称赞。 3. 不必指出动作的执行者。 如：Rules should be followed. 规则应被遵守。 4. 动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。 如：The house was washed away by the heavy rain.房子被暴雨冲走了。 5. 固定句式中常用被动语态，一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词,如believe、consider、expect、suppose、think、say等可用于句型“It is+过去分词+that 从句。” It is believed that... 人们认为…… It's said that... 据说…… It's reported that... 据报道…… It's known that... 众所周知…… It's generally considered that... 人们普遍认为…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1.主动语态“主语+谓语+宾语”结构变被动语态 将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面： ①将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。 ②将主动语态的谓语动词改为相应的被动形式。 ③把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，若主语是人称代词，要将主格变为宾格，并由by引出 。 2.带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 如果句子中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，可以将其中任何一个变成被动句的主语。谓语动词带双宾语变为被动语态时，既可以将间接宾语转换为主语，也可以将直接宾语转换为主语。 情况一：若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语。 被动语态结构：主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 情况二：若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 被动语态结构：主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to/for+原间接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 注意： ①.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring、give、send、show、take、pass、lend、 post、teach、write、throw、hand等。 ②.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带for的动词有：buy、cook、find、get、make、save 等。 3.主动语态“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构变被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处(谓语动词后面)，成为主语补足语。 被动语态结构：主语(原宾语)+be+过去分词+原宾语补足语+by+宾语(原主语). 【易错提醒】 1.在主动语态中有些感官动词(see，watch，hear，feel, notice等)和使役动词(have，let，make等)后使用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to还原，不定式为主语补足语，即hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/seen to do sth.； make sb. do sth → sb. be made to do sth. 例如：主动：We often hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。 →被动：He is often heard to play the guitar by us. 2. 当谓语是短语动词时，变被动语态需保留其中的介词或副词。 主动：We will give up the plan.我们将放弃这个计划。 →被动：The plan will be given up by us.这个计划将被我们放弃。 五、主动形式表被动含义的情况 1. look，sound，taste，smell，feel，prove，become等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：The soup tastes good. 汤尝起来味道很好。 2. open, lock, write, read, sell，clean，watch，cut burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，常与“well、easily、smoothly”等副词连用，表示主语的特征或性能，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 3. 在 “主语 + be + 性质形容词 + to do” 结构中，当主语是 to do 的逻辑宾语时，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有 difficult、easy、hard、interesting、pleasant、nice、comfortable、dangerous、important 等。 如：The cake is easy to make.这种蛋糕很容易做。 English is difficult to learn for me.对我来说英语难学。 4.want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 5.be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 六、无被动语态的情况 1. 绝大部分不及物动词，没有被动语态。这类动词无宾语，故无被动语态。常见词： • 表发生 / 消失：happen、take place、occur、appear、disappear • 表来去：come、go、arrive、leave • 表状态：stand、lie、sit、exist 注意：“不及物动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（此时相当于及物动词），可接宾语，因此有被动语态。 She looks after her little brother. 她照顾弟弟 。 Her little brother is looked after by her. 弟弟被她照顾。 2. 以下动词短语无被动语态。 break out（爆发）、run out（用完）、come true（实现）、date back to（追溯到）、suffer from（遭受）、 consist of （由…… 组成）...... 3. 表示 “拥有” 的动词 如 have、own、possess、belong to（表所属关系，无被动） 如：√She has a new bike.（她有一辆新自行车） × 不能说 A new bike is had by her... 4.当谓语动词的宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，句子不能用被动语态。 如： She taught herself English when she was a child. 她小时候自学英语。 People in the community care about one another. 社区里的人们相互关心。 一、语法选择 1.（2025·广东）When she was older, she to do easy tasks like beating eggs. A．is allowed B．was allowed C．was allowing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当她长大一点时，她被允许做一些简单的任务，比如打鸡蛋。 is allowed被允许，一般现在时的被动语态；was allowed被允许，一般过去时的被动语态；was allowing允许，过去进行时。根据“When she was older”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语she和动词allow之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 2.（2024·广东）Now at the age of fifteen, he £15 every week. A．gives B．is given C．is giving 【答案】B 【解析】句意：现在他15岁了，每周得到15英镑。 gives一般现在时；is given一般现在时的被动语态；is giving现在进行时。根据“Now at the age of fifteen, he...£15 every week.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 3.（2023·广东）At the age of seven, David had his first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents to a Family Space Camp. A．invited B．are invited C．were invited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他和他的父母被邀请参加一个家庭太空营。 invited邀请，过去式/过去分词；are invited一般现在时的被动语态；were invited一般过去时的被动语态。根据“At the age of seven”可知，时态为一般过去时，他和父母是被邀请去参加太空营的，用被动语态。故选C。 4.（2025·广州）I had never seen such a big one in the wild. I by fear. A．catch B．caught C．am caught D．was caught 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我被恐惧笼罩。 catch抓住，动词原形；caught抓住，过去式；am caught被抓住，一般现在时的被动语态；was caught被抓住，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“I...by fear.”可知，此处表示被恐惧笼罩，用被动语态，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 5.（2024·广州） One reason is that the penguin eggs by seabirds and other animals. A．eat B．ate C．are eating D．are eaten 【答案】D 【解析】句意：原因之一是企鹅的蛋被海鸟和其他动物吃掉。 eat 吃，动词原形；ate 吃，过去式；are eating 现在进行时；are eaten 一般现在时的被动语态。 根据“the penguin eggs... by seabirds and other animals”可知，企鹅蛋是被吃掉，所以用被动语态。故选D。 6.（2023·广州） This little one Little Six. He was weak and quiet. A．called B．was calling C．was called D．were called 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这只小鸟被叫做小六。 called称呼，过去式；was calling正在叫；was called被叫做，主语是第一人称或单数；were called被叫做，主语是第二人称或复数。此处“This little one”与“call”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是单数。故选C。 7. （2025·广州·模拟） Some popular works can even in art shops around the city. A．see B．have seen C．be seen D．seeing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：一些受欢迎的作品甚至可以在城市各地的艺术商店里被看到。 see看见，动词原形；have seen现在完成时；be seen被动语态；seeing现在分词。 works“作品”与see“看见”为被动关系，can后接动词原形，故用be seen，故选C。 8. （2025·广东·模拟） I by what he said. Why not have a try? A．blow away B．blew away C．was blown away 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我被他的话深深打动。 blow away打动，震撼，动词原形；blew away打动，震撼，动词过去式；was blown away被打动，被震撼，用于一般过去时的被动语态。主语I与选项核心词之间为被动关系，因是回忆过去的事，需一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为I，be动词用was。故选C。 9. （2025·安徽·模拟）So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟). A．are introduced B．were introduced C．have introduced D．have been introduced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到目前为止，5G 网络已在100 多个国家被引入，提升了速度并降低了延迟。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。are introduced被引入，一般现在时的被动语态 ；were introduced被引入，一般过去时的被动语态；have introduced已经引入，现在完成时的主动语态；have been introduced已经被引入，现在完成时的被动语态。根据“So far”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，且“5G networks（5G网络）”和“引入”之间是被动关系，即5G网络是被引入的，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 10.（2025·上海·模拟）The old school building ________ next year. A．rebuild B．will rebuild C．are rebuilt D．will be rebuilt 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这座旧的教学楼将在明年被重建。 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“next year”可知，句子应用一般将来时；主语“The old school building”是动作rebuild的承受者，因此用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will be + 过去分词。故选D。 二、语法填空 1.（2025·深圳模拟）So far, a web page (plan) by her to try to raise money, so she can make more e-bikes. 【答案】has been planned 【解析】句意：到目前为止，她已计划创建一个网页来筹款，以便制作更多电动自行车。“so far”为现在完成时标志，且“web page”与“plan”为被动关系，所以这里应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为have/has been done；主语为单数，助动词应用has，动词plan的过去分词为planned。故填has been planned。 2.（2025·深圳模拟）（易错题）The exam (hold) every three years and had four levels: the county examination (童试), the provincial examination, the metropolitan examination (会试) and the palace examination. 【答案】was held 【解析】句意：该考试每三年举行一次，分为四个级别：童试、乡考、会试和殿试。此处指过去发生的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，主语“The exam”与动词“hold”为逻辑上的动宾关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”。故填was held。 3.（2025·深圳模拟） Besides, more creative red tourism products will (develop). 【答案】be developed 【详解】句意：此外，更多有创意的红色旅游产品将被开发出来。 根据“more creative red tourism products”可知，此处指更多有创意的红色旅游产品将被开发出来，主语products和develop之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，will后接动词原形。故填be developed。 4.（2024·深圳）I (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. 【答案】was introduced 【详解】句意：2023年春天，我开始接触龙舟比赛。根据“in the spring of 2023”可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语I与动词introduce存在被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词应用was。故填was introduced。 三、语篇填词 1.（2025·广州·模拟）The 24 Solar Terms were l as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2016. 【答案】(l)isted 【详解】句意：二十四节气于2016年被联合国教科文组织列入非物质文化遗产名录。根据“The 24 Solar Terms were...as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2016”可知，此处表示二十四节气于2016年被联合国教科文组织列入非物质文化遗产名录，因此用动词“list”表示“列入”，且主语“The 24 Solar Terms”与“list”之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“were listed”。故填(l)isted。 2.（2025·广州·模拟）To show great honor towards the loong, Loong Dance was invented by the Chinese during the Han Dynasty. Now it has been s all over the world. 【答案】(s)pread 【详解】句意：如今舞龙已传播至全世界。根据“all over the world”和首字母提示可知，舞龙已传播至全世界，been后接过去分词，构成现在完成时的被动语态，spread“传播”符合句意，故填(s)pread。 3.（2025·广州·模拟）That’s because the bamboo bangs (爆炸) loudly when it is b . 【答案】(b)urned/(b)urnt 【详解】句意：这是因为竹子在被燃烧时会发出巨大的爆炸声。根据“bamboo bangs loudly when it is…”可知，竹子燃烧时发出巨大的爆炸声，此处是被动语态be+过去分词，结合首字母，burn“燃烧”的过去分词burned/burnt符合语境。故填(b)urned/(b)urnt。 四、选词填空 1.（2025·广东·模拟）Lots of information about sports events can be online. （备选词find） 【答案】found 【详解】句意：可以在网上找到很多关于体育赛事的信息。根据“Lots of information about sports events can be...online.”和备选词可知，在网上可以找到很多体育赛事的资讯，find“找到”，主语“information”和动词“find”之间是被动关系，用被动语态“be done”，空处应是find的过去分词found。故填found。 2. （2025·广东·模拟）The metaphor (比喻) was first by Zhi Daolin, a Buddhist master of the Jin Dynasty. （备选词use） 【答案】used 【详解】句意：这个比喻最早由晋代高僧支道林使用。根据“was first…by Zhi Daolin”可知，主语metaphor与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”，故填used。 3. （2025·广东·模拟）A creative TCM milk tea is by Chongqing Jiangbei District Hospital of TCM. （备选词make） 【答案】made 【详解】句意：重庆江北区中医院研制了一种创新的中药奶茶。根据被动语态结构可知，需填过去分词；be made by“被……制作”。made“制作”符合语境。故填made。 五、完成句子 1.（2025·广州）目前，许多老人使用智能手机有困难，需要被给予更多支持。 Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support. 【答案】 be given 【详解】根据中英对照，空处缺少“被给与”，给：give，此处和主语之间是被动关系，故句子用含有情态动词的被动语态should be done。故填be；given。 2.（2025·广州·模拟）例如，每年都应该种植更多的树木。 For example, more trees each year. 【答案】 should be planted 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处缺少了“应该被种植”，should“应该”，情态动词后面加动词原形，plant“种植”，被动语态，结构为be done，plant的过去分词为planted。故填should；be；planted。 3.（2025·广州·模拟）林慧被要求注意滑雪的关键细节。 Lin Hui to pay attention to the key details about skiing. 【答案】 was asked 【详解】对比英汉句子可知，需翻译“被要求”。要求某人做某事可用“ask sb to do sth”表示，林慧是被要求的，因此需用被动语态，被动语态的结构是“be done”。根据句意可知，该句时态为一般过去时，且主语为“LinHui”，因此be动词用was，ask的过去分词为asked。故填was；asked。 4.（2024·广州）下周，我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。麦克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。 A lot of fun games on the Sports Day in our school next week. Mike and Tom will take part in the “three-legged” race. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】“举行”hold，主语A lot of fun games和动词hold之间是动宾关系，结合时间状语next week可知，要用一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为will be done。故填will be held。 5.（2023·广州）我希望有一天我的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。 I hope one day my art works in the art gallery. 【答案】 will be shown 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，show表示“展出”，是动词，和主语之间是被动关系，结合“I hope one day”可知，句子应用一般将来时的被动语态：will be done。故填will；be；shown。 一、单项选择 1. Every year, the Mid-autumn Festival ________ on lunar August 15th. A．celebrate B．celebrates C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年，中秋节都在农历八月十五被庆祝。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“Every year”可知，句子时态是一般现在时，且主语“the Mid-autumn Festival”和谓语动词“celebrate”之间是被动关系，表示“被庆祝”，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is celebrated。故选C。 2. He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：何江上个月被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。 考查时态和语态辨析。invites一般现在时主动语态；invited一般过去时主动语态；is invited一般现在时被动语态；was invited一般过去时被动语态。根据“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时；且主语He Jiang与invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构是“was/were+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was，invite的过去分词是invited。故选D。 3. In the past ten years, different ways ________ to recycle the plastic waste. A．tried B．were tried C．have tried D．have been tried 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，已经尝试了不同的方法来回收塑料废料。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语“in the past ten years”表示从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时；主语“different ways”是动作的受动者，所以应用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”。故选D。 4. The foreign guests ________ around our city by our school bus this afternoon. A．will show B．will be shown C．are shown D．are going to show. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天下午，外宾将乘坐我们的校车被带领参观我们的城市。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“this afternoon”可知动作还未进行，所以用一般将来时；show sb. around表示“带某人参观” ，主语“The foreign guests”与动词“show”之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态。故选B。 5. This kind of flower ________ every day, or it will die. A．must water B．must be watered C．should water D．can be watered 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种花必须每天浇水，否则它会死。 考查被动语态和情态动词的用法。must water必须浇水；must be watered必须被浇水；should water应该浇水；can be watered能够被浇水。主语“this kind of flower”与动词“water”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用被动语态，结构为be done。排除选项A和C；根据“or it will die”可知，不浇水，花就会死，此处强调必要性，用must be watered。故选B。 6. His bike is broken. It needs ________ soon. A．be repaired B．to be repair C．repairing D．be mended 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的自行车坏了。它需要尽快修理。 考查非谓语动词。根据“His bike is broken. It needs…soon.”可知，此处指的是他的自行车坏了，它需要尽快修理；need doing sth.需要被做某事，主动表被动；need to be done sth.需要被做某事；此处应填repairing。故选C。 7. It ________ Jia Ling has become one of the most successful female directors. A．is turned out B．turns out C．is carried out D．carries out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：事实证明，贾玲已经成为最成功的女性电影导演之一。 考查语态和词组辨析。turn out结果是，证明是，不用被动；carry out执行。根据情境可知，此句表示“证明……事实”，应该使用“turn out”，且用主动语态。故选B。 8. In some schools, students ______ wear school uniforms on weekdays. A．make B．are made C．are made to D．make to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在一些学校，学生们在工作日被要求穿校服。 考查被动语态。根据句意可知，主语“students”和动词“make”之间是被动关系，表示学生被要求穿校服，所以要用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”，主语“students”是复数，be动词用are，make的过去分词是made；“make sb. do sth.”的被动形式是“sb. be made to do sth.”，意为“某人被要求做某事”，所以此处应填are made to。故选C。 9. —Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I ______, I will go on time. A．invite B．will be invited C．am invited D．was invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“if I..., I will go on time.”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来；再根据主语I和动词invite之间是被动关系，表示“我被邀请”，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语是I，be动词用am，invite的过去分词是invited，所以此处应填am invited。故选C。 10. Children under 18 should not ________ drive a car. A．allow B．be allowed to C．allowed to D．be allowing to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：18岁以下的孩子不应该被允许开车。 考查被动语态。allow to do sth“允许做某事”，主语“Children”是动作“allow”的承受者，即“不被允许”，需用被动语态，情态动词“should”后接被动结构应为“should+be+过去分词”，结构“be allowed to”符合题意。故选B。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese (teach) in more and more schools outside our country. 【答案】is taught 【详解】句意：随着中国越来越强大，在国外越来越多的学校教授汉语。主语Chinese“汉语”与teach“教”是被动关系，结合“grows”可知，应该用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是三单，be动词用is，teach的过去分词为taught。故填is taught。 2. The two boys were made (complete) 10 hours of community service. 【答案】to complete 【详解】句意：这两个男孩被要求完成10小时的社区服务。complete“完成”，be made to do sth.“被要求做某事”，因此此处填动词不定式。故填to complete。 3. I (hit) on the shoulder by the boy who ran past me quickly. 【答案】was hit 【详解】句意：我被那个快速跑过我身边的男孩撞到了肩膀。hit“撞击，碰撞”，主语“I”是动作的接受者（被男孩撞到肩膀），因此需用被动语态，且由“ran”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），主语是I，所以用was hit。故填was hit。 4. The telephone (invent) by Bell many years ago. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：电话是贝尔在很多年前发明的。invent “发明”，动词。由时间状语“many years ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时；主语“The telephone”是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语为单数，故填was invented。 5. I promise that all the problems (solve) by us soon, Mr. Bates. 【答案】will be solved 【详解】句意：Bates先生，我承诺所有问题将很快被我们解决。根据“by us soon”可知，句子为将来时的被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”，solve的过去分词为“solved”。故填will be solved。 6. Although they have made some improvement, so far no basketball court (build). 【答案】has been built 【详解】句意：虽然他们做了一些改进，但到目前为止还没有建篮球场。由so far可知，句子时态是现在完成时，篮球场是被建，应用被动语态，因此空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构是：have/has been+动词过去分词，主语no basketball court是单数，所以应用助动词has，build的过去分词是built，因此空格处是has been built。故填has been built。 7. As an old saying goes, “Nothing can (achieve) without perseverance.” 【答案】be achieved 【详解】句意：俗话说：“无毅力一事无成。”根据“Nothing can...without perseverance.”可知，Nothing和achieve之间为被动关系，表示“没有什么事情能够被取得”，被动结构为be+done，achieve的过去分词为achieved，情态动词后接动词原形。故填be achieved。 8. This kind of iPad (sell) well in our computer shop. 【答案】sells 【详解】句意：这种iPad在我们电脑店里卖得很好。sell在此语境中是不及物动词，表明主语具有的特性，此处不用被动语态，应用主动语态，表示“卖得好”，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填sells。 9. How dirty the tables are! They need (clean). 【答案】cleaning/to be cleaned 【详解】句意：桌子多么脏啊！它们需要被清理。“need doing sth.”意为“某事需要被做”，主语通常是物，相当于“need to be done”，表示被动含义；主语“They”指代前面的“tables”，指物，表示桌子需要被清理，所以要用“need cleaning”，也可以用“need to be cleaned”。故填cleaning/to be cleaned。 10. The lecture is worth (attend). Please tell John not to be late. 【答案】attending 【详解】句意：这个讲座值得一听。请告诉约翰不要迟到。根据空前“be worth”可知，此处考查be worth doing表示“值得做……”，为固定搭配，所以空格处应填动词ing形式。故填attending。 三、完成句子 1.上周六，我校举办了一场充满激情的篮球赛。 Last Saturday, an exciting basketball match in our school. 【答案】 was held 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“举办”，根据“Last Saturday, an exciting basketball match…”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。主语an exciting basketball match是动作hold的承受者，二者之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”。故填was；held。 2. 杰克和汤姆是好朋友，他们被认为是彼此的好帮手。 Jack and Tom are good friends, they as great helpers of each other. 【答案】 are regarded 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“被认为是”；be regarded as“被认为是”，固定搭配，句子时态是一般现在时，主语they是复数，be动词用are。故填are；regarded。 3.为了帮助有需要的人，社区将设立一个志愿者组织。 To help those in need, a voluntary group in the community. 【答案】 will be set/built up 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“将设立”的英文表达。set/build up“设立”，根据“a voluntary group”与“将设立”的关系可知，此处为一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”，set的过去分词为set，build的过去分词为built。故填will；be；set/built；up。 4.根据奶奶的建议，这汤应该煮两个小时以上。 According to Grandma’s suggestion, the soup for more than 2 hours. 【答案】 should be cooked 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“应该煮”，“应该”用情态动词should；“煮”与“汤”存在被动关系，需用被动语态be + 过去分词，cook“煮”的过去分词为cooked。故填should；be；cooked。 5.最近几年，章丘的变化有目共睹。 Anyone can see that great changes have in Zhangqiu in the recent years. 【答案】 taken place 【详解】take place发生，无被动语态；分析句子可知，这是一个宾语从句，它遵循“主现从不限”的原则；根据时间状语“in the recent years最近几年”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其构成为：have/has+动词的过去分词；take的过去分词是taken。故填taken；place。 四、短文填空 A 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Dongzhi, the Winter Solstice? It is the day with 1 (long) night and the shortest day. It usually happens around December 22nd every year. Let’s learn 2 this day is special. After the Winter Solstice, the days get longer and the nights get shorter. This means the sun will shine more every day! In China, the year 3 (divide) into 24 solar terms (节气). These terms follow the Sun’s movement. They help with farming and festivals. The Winter Solstice is the first term to be set up, 4 it is very important in Chinese culture. 5 long time ago, the Winter Solstice was a big festival. People celebrated with food and fun. Even the emperor gave people a day off, and all 6 (market) closed. People believed it brought good luck. In northern China, people eat dumplings to stay warm. In southern China, families eat sweet rice balls called tangyuan. This makes the festival a time for reunion. The Winter Solstice starts “Counting the nines.” People count every nine days as a “nine” and there are nine such “nines” 7 total, lasting for eighty-one days. In ancient times, people 8 (deep) understood nature and climate (气候) change. They used “Counting the nines” 9 (predict) the arrival of spring. It was a way for   10 (they) to look forward to warmer weather and the wake-up of all things. 【答案】 1．the longest 2．why 3．is divided 4．so 5．A 6．markets 7．in 8．deeply 9．to predict 10．them 【导语】本文作者介绍了冬至这一节气及其相关习俗和文化意义。 1．句意：它是一年中黑夜最长、白天最短的一天。根据“the shortest day”可知，此处用最高级形式longest，表示“最长的夜晚”，最高级前加定冠词the。故填the longest。 2．句意：让我们来了解一下为什么这一天很特别。根据“learn...this day is special”可知，此处表示了解为什么这一天很特别，用why引导宾语从句。故填why。 3．句意：在中国，一年被分为24个节气。主语“the year”与动词“divide”之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is divided。 4．句意：冬至是第一个被设立的节气，所以它在中国文化中非常重要。根据“The Winter Solstice is the first term to be set up,...it is very important in Chinese culture.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前因后果，用so连接。故填so。 5．句意：很久以前，冬至是一个大节日。a long time ago“很久以前”，固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。 6． 句意：甚至皇帝给人们放一天假，所有的市场都关门。all后接可数名词复数形式markets“市场”。故填markets。 7． 句意：人们每九天数一个“九”，总共有九个这样的“九”，持续八十一天。in total“总共”，固定短语。故填in。 8．句意：在古代，人们深刻地了解自然和气候变化。修饰动词“understood”用副词形式deeply“深刻地”。故填deeply。 9．句意：他们用“数九”来预测春天的到来。predict“预测”，use...to do sth.“用……来做某事”，固定搭配。故填to predict。 10．句意：这是他们期待温暖天气和万物苏醒的一种方式。介词for后接人称代词宾格形式them“他们”。故填them。 B 语篇填词 阅读短文，根据所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。（每空限填一词） The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Qingming, the 5th solar term, starts this year on April 4 and ends on April 19. It is a time to remember loved ones who have passed away. The word’s meaning “clear” and “bright” describe the weather during this period. Temperatures begin to rise s 1 and rainfall increases, making it an important time for plowing and sowing in spring. It’s also a p 2 time for outdoor activities. One of the most popular a 3 is flying kites. People not only fly kites during the day but also at night, with lanterns attached to them, making them look like stars in the sky. It is believed that cutting the kite string while it is flying can bring good luck and drive away diseases. Another tradition is the Cold Food Festival. It is c 4 on the day before Qingming. On this day, people a 5 using fire and eat only cold food. This tradition comes from a story about Prince Chong’er, who was exiled and helped by a loyal follower, Jie Zitui. To honor Jie, people are not allowed to use the fire for cooking on this day. 【答案】1．(s)lowly 2．(p)erfect 3．(a)ctivities 4．(c)elebrated 5．(a)void 【导语】本文介绍中国传统节气清明，包括其时间、含义、气候特点，还讲述清明相关传统活动，如放风筝节。 1．句意：气温开始缓慢上升，降雨量增加，使得它成为春季耕种和播种的重要时节。根据“Temperatures begin to rise”及首字母提示可知，气温在清明期间是开始缓慢地上升，rise是动词，需用副词修饰，slowly“缓慢地”符合语境。故填(s)lowly。 2．句意：它也是进行户外活动的完美时节。根据“time for outdoor activities”及首字母提示可知，time“时节”是名词，需用形容词修饰，此处表示清明节是户外活动的完美时间，perfect“完美的”符合语境。故填(p)erfect。 3．句意：最受欢迎的活动之一是放风筝。根据“flying kites.”可知，此处表示活动；“one of+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”；activity“活动”符合语境。故填(a)ctivities。 4．句意：寒食节在清明前一天被庆祝。根据“on the day before Qingming”及首字母提示可知，It指代前文提到的the Cold Food Festival，这里表示节日在清明节前一天庆祝，celebrate“庆祝”，且与celebrate是被动关系，要用被动语态“be+过去分词”，故填(c)elebrated。 5．句意：在这一天，人们避免使用火，只吃冷食。根据“To honor Jie, people are not allowed to the fire cooking on this day”及首字母提示可知，这里表示避免使用火，avoid“避免”符合语境。故填(a)void。 C 选词填空（时文阅读） 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 sadly   we   as   designer   with   hardly   of   spend   well  successful   born   million Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, was 1 in Guangdong Province in 1926. He studied shipbuilding in Shanghai from 1945 to 1949. This helped build a foundation (基础) for his later work. In 1958, because 2 his excellent skills, Huang was called to Beijing. Later, he became one of the first scientists working on China's nuclear submarine (核潜艇) project. For the next 30 years, he worked hard in secret on it. He and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties. In 1970, he and his team 3 launched (发射) China’s first nuclear submarine. And it worked 4 than the first US nuclear submarine launched in 1954. Huang was well-known as the main 5 of China’s first nuclear submarines and got many honors. 6 China’s navy (海军) began to share more stories, people learned about Huang and his team. They started to call Huang “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines”. 7 , Huang died at 99 on February 6th, 2025 in Wuhan because of illness. Besides helping make nuclear submarines, he cared a lot about China’s science and tech future, as well as young people’s growth. He gave more than 20 8 yuan to help with scientific research, education and sharing science knowledge. He 9 his whole life making China’s nuclear submarine industry and national defense (国防) stronger. This encourages all of 10 to try our best to make our county better. 【答案】 1．born 2．of 3．successfully 4．better 5．designer 6．As 7．Sadly 8．million 9．spent 10．us 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的故事，包括他的生平经历、对中国核潜艇事业的贡献以及他获得的荣誉等。 1．句意：黄旭华，一位伟大的中国科学家，1926年出生于广东省。be born in...是固定短语，表示“出生于……”。故填born。 2．句意：1958年，因出色的技术能力，黄旭华被调往北京。because of是固定短语，意为“因为，由于”，后面接名词、代词或动名词等。故填of。 3．句意：1970年，他和团队成功发射中国首艘核潜艇。根据“China’s first nuclear submarine”可知，此处指成功发射，success“成功”，此处用副词修饰动词launched，successfully表示“成功地”。故填successfully。 4．句意：而且它比1954年美国发射的第一艘核潜艇运行得更好。根据“than the first US nuclear submarine launched in 1954”可知，此处指比美国的运行得更好，well“好地”，此处用比较级形式better。故填better。 5．句意：黄作为中国第一艘核潜艇的主要设计师而闻名，并获得了许多荣誉。此处指黄旭华是主设计师，designer是名词，意为“设计师”。故填designer。 6．句意：随着中国海军开始分享更多的故事，人们了解了黄旭华和他的团队。前后为两个句子，需要用连接词，as“随着”引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生。故填As。 7．句意：不幸的是，2025年2月6日，黄因病在武汉去世，享年99岁。根据“Huang died at 99 on February 6th, 2025 in Wuhan because of illness.”可知，很悲伤。sadly是副词，意为“悲伤地，不幸地”，在句中作状语，用来表达一种遗憾、悲伤的情绪。故填Sadly。 8．句意：他捐赠了两千多万元用于科学研究、教育和科普知识分享。 more than 20 million yuan表示“两千多万元”。故填million。 9．句意：他花费了他的一生让中国的核潜艇工业和国防变得更强大。这里“spend his whole life...”表示“花费他的一生……”，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时spent。 10．句意：这激励着我们所有人尽我们最大的努力让我们的国家变得更好。all of us表示“我们所有人”。故填us。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $