广东省深圳科学高中2025-2026学年高一上学期期中英语试卷

深圳科学高中2025-2026学年第一学期期中考试试题 科目：高一英语 考试时长：120分钟 卷面总分：130分 命题人：巫建新 审题人：程漫 第一部分 语法基础（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Progress ________ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be 2. The way the guests ________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. were treated B. treated C. would be treated D. would treat 3. Simon, make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive. A. be set B. are set C. are setting D. set 4. Because the shop ________, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. is closing down C. had closed down D. closed down 5. —Dr. Mike is not in his office at the moment. —All right, I ________ him later. A. will be calling B. have called C. call D. will call 6. We live in an age ________ more information is available with great ease than ever before. A. that B. when C. where D. which 7. They chatted about things and people ________ they missed from middle school years. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 8. There are many students ________ only meaningful weekend activity is volunteering in the community. A. whose B. who C. that D. which 9. Sales manager is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales. A. which B. that C. when D. where 10. Mary was much kinder to Mike than she was to the others, ________ made all the others upset. A. who B. that C. what D. which 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-present) When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (1913-2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in," said Parks. 11. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her teaching skills. C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 12. What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions. 13. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O'Connor. D. Rosa Parks. B I was sitting at my kitchen table the other day with a pen, notebook, calculator and a pile of bills. I was doing my monthly budget. There were bills for rent, insurance, the car, the phone, and cable (有线电视), plus money for food, gas, clothes, and hopefully a little left over for unexpected expenses. When I was done, I shook my head, closed my eyes and thought of a time long ago when I would regularly get treasures. When I was a boy, we lived across the road from Camp Caesar. It held week-long camps throughout the summer and my grandma who I lovingly called "Nanny" worked in her big kitchen. Every time I visited her, I was greeted with a warm smile, a hug, and a kiss. After that, she would hand me a hot roll, still fresh from her kitchen. Then she would reach into her pockets and pull out a treasure - a shiny quarter, which I would quickly use to buy an ice-cold Coke or a warm cherry Coke and a small bag of chips. I always took my time deciding, feeling rich for a few minutes. Looking back now I can see that the real treasure was not the quarter at all. It was the love with which Nanny gave it to me. It was her smile, hugs, and kisses that were priceless in my heart then and now. The old saying is true, "With your work you can make a living, but it is with your love that you make a life." You can always welcome love into your heart, soul and mind. And you can always share your love with others. It is that one treasure that lasts forever. 14. According to Paragraph 1, what was the author trying to figure out? A. Where to get treasures. B. What food and supplies to buy. C. How to sort out these bills at hand. D. How to balance the money available. 15. What does the underlined word "roll" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A sound. B. A greeting. C. A kind of act. D. A kind of bread. 16. Which of the following best describes Nanny? A. Loving. B. Helpful. C. Humorous. D. Selfless. 17. Why does the author mention the old saying in the last Paragraph? A. To change people's heart and soul. B. To show what we should value in life. C. To explain work and love can make a life. D. To advise more love and sharing in childhood. C When learning a foreign language, most people depend on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias' research team found out that if you gesture (做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex (运动皮层) - the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also plays a role. "I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms," Goldin-Meadow says. "Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don't necessarily bring it into the class - and it could be used more often and more effectively." 18. What do we know according to Brian Mathias' research? A. Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B. The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C. The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D. 22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 19. Why was equipment attached to the subjects' heads during Mathias' test? A. To count words. B. To record emotion. C. To influence brain activity. D. To give clues to questions. 20. What does Leipzig's research tell us about language learning? A. Adults and children are equally good learners. B. Pictures have little influence on language learning. C. Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D. Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 21. What does the researcher suggest teachers do in the classroom? A. Make better use of gestures. B. Teach listening in a systematic way. C. Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D. Do some scientific researches on teaching. D Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the winners, and those winners set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club - women, or people of a different color or belief - they were unacknowledged and refused by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here's the good news. In a connected world with constant global communication we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world." 22. What does the author think of winners' standards for joining the genius club? A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict. 23. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers. C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 24. Why are more geniuses known to the public? A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women. C. Acceptance of winners' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions. 25. What is the best title for the text? A. Geniuses Think Alike. B. Genius and Intelligence. C. Genius Takes Many Forms. D. Genius and Luck. 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you live in harmony with your pet? 26. ________ For example, you need to set clear boundaries for them, treat them with respect, and spend quality time together. Here are some ways that may help you develop a good relationship with your pet friend. 27. ________ You should realize that it takes some time to build a long-lasting bond with your pet. Some animals, like dogs and cats, might naturally follow you around more easily than other smaller mammals and reptiles (爬行动物). Therefore, if your pet doesn't warm to you right away, you should give them more time. Be the boss. 28. ________ Set aside time to practice them with your pet each day. If your pet breaks a rule, use body language and calm but firm words to let them know what they have done is not permitted. Understand your pet's body language. Body language is vastly different depending on what sort of animal you have chosen as your pet. If you're unsure of your pet's body language, consider buying a book or browsing some web pages devoted to your specific animal. 29. ________ Regularly be around your pet. Your pet is only part of your life, but for them, you are their whole life. 30. ________ Don't take no notice of them. Act happily when seeing them. How you show your pleasure in seeing them will depend on what type of pet they are. A. Be patient with your pet. B. Be calm when they attack you. C. Set rules and boundaries, and stick to them. D. It's unwise to use some violent words to treat your pet. E. Then you will become a better communicator increasingly. F. That's why it's important to spend quality time with your pet. G. Actually, living with an animal is like living with a human friend. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One day, Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework: homework on happiness. Her pupils would be "happiness ________ 31" and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them. As part of their homework, all the students did really ________ 32, wonderful things, but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone ________ 33. Several days after the homework had been handed out, Carla turned up carrying a big bag. "Here in this bag I have all the happiness I've collected so far," she said with a(n) ________ 34 look. On seeing this, everyone was filled with ________ 35, but Carla didn't want to show anyone what was in the bag. Instead, she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher. When Miss Ellis had taken the box, Carla took a(n) ________ 36 camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready. "Open it, Miss Ellis." The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside. A big smile ________ 37 on her face, and at that moment Carla took a photo. Carla's photo came out of the camera immediately, and she ________ 38 it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper. The teacher read the paper in silence, and when she had finished, she gestured (打手势) at the ________ 39. "Oh, so it's.." "Yes!" interrupted Carla, ________ 40 the bag. "It's a great big pile of smiles!" Photos of different ________ 41 fell out. The rest of the class tried to ________ 42 how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness. All there in the box was a photo of a big smile. But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted (传送) to them, and in return, without ________ 43, every person ________ 44 with a smile of their own. She managed to ________ 45 understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world. 31. A. Explorers B. instructors C. players D. collectors 32. A. Regretful B. joyful C. helpful D. thankful 33. A. Surprised B. satisfied C. annoyed D. bored 34. A. Disappointed B. sad C. anxious D. delighted 35. A. Doubt B. kindness C. expectation D. pride 36. A. Expensive B. old C. instant D. cheap 37. A. Disappeared B. lost C. failed D. shone 38. A. Offered B. sold C. quit D. paid 39. A. Box B. bag C. camera D. pocket 40. A. Packing B. loading C. carrying D. opening 41. A. Smiles B. teachers C. ceremonies D. friends 42. A. try out B. appeal to C. decide on D. think out 43. A. Concentration B. expression C. hesitation D. determination 44. A. Responded B. refused C. hosted D. competed 45. A. Hide B. correct C. request D. spread 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The history of Teachers' Day ________ 46 (date) back to the Han Dynasty. According to records, during the Han and Jin dynasties, every year ________ 47 August 27, Confucius' birthday, the emperor, ________ 48 (follow) by court (宫廷) officials, would visit the Confucius Temple ________ 49 (pay) tribute (敬意) to the ancient philosopher and invite royal teachers to the court for a meal. Local officials followed the court, and on this day, teachers across the country enjoyed a day's holiday and received dried meat as ________ 50 gift. Teachers with outstanding performance would ________ 51 (pick) from colleges and learning institutions throughout the country, reported to the court, and given 500 liang silver coins as a prize. ________ 52 (normal), an ancient teacher's income included salary, accommodation ________ 53 festival gifts. In private schools, teachers always received money or gifts from the host family at certain festivals or at the ________ 54 (begin) and end of each semester. The festivals in ________ 55 teachers received gifts varied from region to region, while the most valued ones were the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-autumn and Chinese New Year festivals, as well as Confucius' birthday and the private tutor's birthday. 第四部分 词汇基础（共25小题：每小题1分，满分25分） 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 56. The news aroused a lot of ________ (curios) among local people. 57. Teaching her young students is what makes her work worthwhile because of their ________ (eager) and enthusiasm. 58. What I find most ________ (challenge) is not the failure itself, but the courage to start all over again. 59. I'm more ________ (select) about the programmes I watch than I used to be. 60. A good leader should create an atmosphere of trust, which is essential for developing ________ (create) and innovation among team members. 61. There is every ________ (likely) that more jobs will be lost later this year. 62. ________ (addition), all our credit cards should have photo ID printed on them. 63. There's a growing ________ (recognize) that it's never too late to learn English. 64. People tend to make ________ (assume) about you when you have a disability. 65. English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are ________ (option). 66. She always had great ________ (admire) for people who could speak so many languages. 67. I'm not very ________ (adventure) when it comes to trying new food. 68. Many elderly people expressed a strong ________ (prefer) to live in their own homes. 69. Who did the ________ (illustrate) for the book? They're lovely. 70. The fear of unemployment can be a source of deep ________ (anxious) to people. 71. We have high expectations for the forthcoming English Drama Festival held ________ (annual). 72. Typhoon "Ragasa" caused widespread ________ (destroy) in the Shenzhen area. 73. The company hopes to be one of the ________ (survive) of the economic crisis. 74. The student stood up ________ panic when the teacher called his name. 75. She let out a sigh ________ the sight of the huge pile of homework. 76. The wisdom our teacher shared with us speaks ________ a legacy that will guide us for a lifetime. 77. True learning requires you to focus and reflect ________ the process of thinking itself, cultivating the ability to question. 78. In the global race for renewable energy, China is now firmly ________ the lead. 79. In our pursuit of efficiency, we often lose track ________ why we started. 80. It is more important to recover ________ a failure than to never fail at all. 第五部分 应用文写作（满分15分） 假定你是李华，你的好友Peter在进入高中后，发现自己难以平衡繁重的学业和丰富的社团活动，感到压力很大。他为此感到很苦恼，写信向你求助。请你用英语给他写一封回信。内容要点包括： 1. 表达理解，并给予安慰； 2. 提出建议（至少二点）； 3. 表达祝福。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 深圳科学高中2025-2026学年第一学期期中考试试题 科目：高一英语 考试时长：120分钟 卷面总分：130分 命题人：巫建新 审题人：程漫 第一部分 语法基础（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Progress ________ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be 【答案】C ・句意：到目前为止，进展非常顺利，我们确信这项工作会按时完成。 ・解析：考查时态。关键标志词 “so far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的典型标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在并产生影响。A项 “was” 为一般过去时，仅描述过去状态，与 “so far” 矛盾；B项 “had been” 为过去完成时，表 “过去的过去”，无对应过去时间参照；D项 “will be” 为一般将来时，与 “目前进展良好” 的语境不符，故选C。 2. The way the guests ________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. were treated B. treated C. would be treated D. would treat 【答案】A ・句意：客人在酒店受到的待遇方式影响了他们对服务的评价。 ・解析：考查被动语态。主语 “the guests”（客人）与 “treat”（对待）为被动关系（客人被对待），且动作发生在过去（影响了评价），需用一般过去时的被动语态 “were treated”。B项为主动语态，逻辑矛盾；C项 “would be treated” 表过去将来时的被动，无 “过去将要被对待” 的语境；D项为主动语态的过去将来时，语义与逻辑均不符，故选A。 3. Simon, make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive. A. be set B. are set C. are setting D. set 【答案】B ・句意：西蒙，确保客人到达前桌子被摆放好。 ・解析：考查被动语态与祈使句。“make sure” 后接宾语从句，从句主语 “the tables”（桌子）与 “set”（摆放）为被动关系，需用被动语态；结合 “before the guests arrive”（一般现在时），从句需用一般现在时的被动语态 “are set”。A项 “be set” 为虚拟语气结构，此处无 “建议、要求” 等虚拟语境；C项为主动进行时，逻辑错误；D项为过去分词，无法作谓语，故选B。 4. Because the shop ________, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. is closing down C. had closed down D. closed down 【答案】B ・句意：因为这家店即将倒闭，所有T恤都半价出售。 ・解析：考查时态。结合 “all the T-shirts are sold at half price”（现在半价促销）可知，“倒闭” 是 “即将发生的动作”，用现在进行时 “is closing down” 表将来（表示计划、安排好的即将发生的动作）。A项 “has closed down” 为现在完成时，表 “已倒闭”，与 “正在促销” 矛盾；C项 “had closed down” 为过去完成时，无过去时间参照；D项 “closed down” 为一般过去时，表 “过去倒闭”，无法解释现在的促销行为，故选B。 5. —Dr. Mike is not in his office at the moment. —All right, I ________ him later. A. will be calling B. have called C. call D. will call 【答案】D ・句意：——迈克医生现在不在办公室。——好的，我稍后给他打电话。 ・解析：考查时态。“later”（稍后）表示将来的时间，此处为 “临时决定稍后做某事”，用一般将来时 “will call”。A项 “will be calling” 为将来进行时，表 “将来某个时刻正在做”，此处无 “具体时刻” 语境；B项 “have called” 为现在完成时，表 “已打过”，与 “later” 矛盾；C项 “call” 为一般现在时，表 “经常性动作”，不符合 “临时决定” 的语境，故选D。 6. We live in an age ________ more information is available with great ease than ever before. A. that B. when C. where D. which 【答案】B ・句意：我们生活在一个能比以往任何时候都更容易获取更多信息的时代。 ・解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 “an age”（一个时代），从句中缺少时间状语（in the age），需用关系副词 “when” 引导。A项 “that”、D项 “which” 为关系代词，需在从句中作主语或宾语，此处从句主干完整（主谓宾齐全），无需代词；C项 “where” 为关系副词，表地点，与 “age”（时间）不匹配，故选B。 7. They chatted about things and people ________ they missed from middle school years. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 【答案】C ・句意：他们聊起了中学时代想念的人和事。 ・解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 “things and people”（既有人又有物），定语从句中缺少宾语，需用关系代词 “that” 引导（先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that）。A项 “who”、D项 “whom” 仅指代人；B项 “which” 仅指代物，均不符合 “人与物并列” 的先行词特点，故选C。 8. There are many students ________ only meaningful weekend activity is volunteering in the community. A. whose B. who C. that D. which 【答案】A ・句意：有很多学生，他们唯一有意义的周末活动就是在社区做志愿者。 ・解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 “students”（学生），从句中修饰名词 “only meaningful weekend activity”（唯一有意义的周末活动），表 “学生的活动”，需用关系代词 “whose” 引导（whose = of whom）。B项 “who”、C项 “that” 需在从句中作主语或宾语，此处从句主干完整（主语为activity，谓语为is），无需代词；D项 “which” 指代物，与先行词 “students” 不匹配，故选A。 9. Sales manager is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】D ・句意：销售经理是一个沟通能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。 ・解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 “a position”（一个职位），从句中缺少地点状语（in the position），需用关系副词 “where” 引导（此处where = in which）。A项 “which”、B项 “that” 为关系代词，需在从句中作主语或宾语，此处从句主干完整（主谓宾齐全），无需代词；C项 “when” 表时间，与 “position”（地点/职位）不匹配，故选D。 10. Mary was much kinder to Mike than she was to the others, ________ made all the others upset. A. who B. that C. what D. which 【答案】D ・句意：玛丽对迈克比对其他人好得多，这让所有人都很不高兴。 ・解析：考查非限定性定语从句。空格处指代前文整个句子（玛丽对迈克更好这件事），非限定性定语从句中指代整个主句需用关系代词 “which”。A项 “who” 仅指代人；B项 “that” 不能引导非限定性定语从句；C项 “what” 不能引导定语从句，故选D。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-present) When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (1913-2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in," said Parks. 【导语】本文介绍了四位过去100年中极具影响力的女性：简·亚当斯（社会服务与和平事业）、蕾切尔·卡森（环境保护）、桑德拉·戴·奥康纳（法律与司法）、罗莎·帕克斯（民权运动），简述了她们的核心贡献。 11. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her teaching skills. C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 【答案】A ・解析：根据第二段 “helped the poor and worked for peace... creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need” 可知，简·亚当斯的核心贡献是 “帮助穷人、推动社区服务与和平事业”，即 “社会福利工作（social work）”。B项 “教学技能” 未提及；C项 “为获奖而努力” 与原文 “获诺贝尔和平奖” 逻辑不符（获奖是贡献的结果，非目的）；D项 “社区背景” 未提及，故选A。 12. What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions. 【答案】C ・解析：根据第四段 “she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman” 可知，奥康纳被律师事务所拒绝的直接原因是 “她是女性”，即 “性别歧视（discrimination against women）”。A项 “缺乏法律培训” 与 “斯坦福法学院毕业，班级第三” 矛盾；B项 “法庭经验少” 未提及；D项 “经济条件差” 未提及，故选C。 13. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O'Connor. D. Rosa Parks. 【答案】D ・解析：根据最后一段 “it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott... kicked off the civil-rights movement” 可知，罗莎·帕克斯的行为 “引发了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，开启了民权运动”，对美国民权运动贡献巨大。A项简·亚当斯侧重社会服务与和平；B项蕾切尔·卡森侧重环境保护；C项奥康纳侧重司法领域，均与民权运动无关，故选D。 B I was sitting at my kitchen table the other day with a pen, notebook, calculator and a pile of bills. I was doing my monthly budget. There were bills for rent, insurance, the car, the phone, and cable (有线电视), plus money for food, gas, clothes, and hopefully a little left over for unexpected expenses. When I was done, I shook my head, closed my eyes and thought of a time long ago when I would regularly get treasures. When I was a boy, we lived across the road from Camp Caesar. It held week-long camps throughout the summer and my grandma who I lovingly called "Nanny" worked in her big kitchen. Every time I visited her, I was greeted with a warm smile, a hug, and a kiss. After that, she would hand me a hot roll, still fresh from her kitchen. Then she would reach into her pockets and pull out a treasure - a shiny quarter, which I would quickly use to buy an ice-cold Coke or a warm cherry Coke and a small bag of chips. I always took my time deciding, feeling rich for a few minutes. Looking back now I can see that the real treasure was not the quarter at all. It was the love with which Nanny gave it to me. It was her smile, hugs, and kisses that were priceless in my heart then and now. The old saying is true, "With your work you can make a living, but it is with your love that you make a life." You can always welcome love into your heart, soul and mind. And you can always share your love with others. It is that one treasure that lasts forever. 【导语】本文通过作者回忆童年时奶奶（Nanny）用热面包和硬币给予的关爱，对比成年后处理账单的现实，点明核心主旨：工作能让人谋生，但爱能让人拥有真正的生活，爱是永恒的财富。 14. According to Paragraph 1, what was the author trying to figure out? A. Where to get treasures. B. What food and supplies to buy. C. How to sort out these bills at hand. D. How to balance the money available. 【答案】D ・解析：根据第一段 “I was doing my monthly budget... bills for rent... plus money for food... hopefully a little left over for unexpected expenses” 可知，作者在做月度预算，核心是 “平衡可用资金（收入与各项开支）”。A项 “寻找财富” 是后文回忆内容，非第一段目的；B项 “购买什么食物和用品” 仅为预算的一部分，非核心；C项 “整理手头账单” 是预算的步骤，而非目的（目的是合理分配资金），故选D。 15. What does the underlined word "roll" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A sound. B. A greeting. C. A kind of act. D. A kind of bread. 【答案】D ・解析：根据第二段 “hand me a hot roll, still fresh from her kitchen” 可知，“roll” 是奶奶从厨房刚做好的热的东西，结合常识 “厨房制作的热食” 及后文 “用硬币买零食” 可推断，“roll” 是 “一种面包（面包卷）”。A项 “声音”、B项 “问候”、C项 “一种行为” 均与 “厨房制作的热食” 无关，故选D。 16. Which of the following best describes Nanny? A. Loving. B. Helpful. C. Humorous. D. Selfless. 【答案】A ・解析：根据第二段 “greeted with a warm smile, a hug, and a kiss... hand me a hot roll... pull out a treasure - a shiny quarter” 及第三段 “the real treasure was not the quarter at all. It was the love with which Nanny gave it to me” 可知，奶奶用微笑、拥抱、食物和硬币传递关爱，核心特质是 “充满爱的（loving）”。B项 “乐于助人的” 侧重帮助他人解决困难，原文未体现；C项 “幽默的” 未提及；D项 “无私的” 侧重牺牲自我，原文侧重 “关爱晚辈”，未体现 “牺牲”，故选A。 17. Why does the author mention the old saying in the last Paragraph? A. To change people's heart and soul. B. To show what we should value in life. C. To explain work and love can make a life. D. To advise more love and sharing in childhood. 【答案】B ・解析：根据最后一段 “With your work you can make a living, but it is with your love that you make a life” 及后文 “It is that one treasure that lasts forever” 可知，作者引用谚语是为了 “点明人生的核心价值——爱比谋生更重要”。A项 “改变人们的心灵” 过度推断；C项 “解释工作和爱能创造生活” 曲解谚语（谚语强调 “爱” 是 “真正生活” 的核心，而非两者并列）；D项 “建议童年多关爱与分享” 局限于童年，原文主旨是 “人生应珍视爱”，故选B。 C When learning a foreign language, most people depend on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias' research team found out that if you gesture (做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex (运动皮层) - the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also plays a role. "I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms," Goldin-Meadow says. "Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don't necessarily bring it into the class - and it could be used more often and more effectively." 【导语】本文介绍两项关于 “手势与外语学习” 的研究：布莱恩·马蒂亚斯团队发现，学习词汇时配合手势能激活运动皮层，提升记忆效果；莱比锡团队发现，长期来看手势对成年人词汇记忆的帮助优于图片，而对儿童两者效果相当，研究者建议课堂应更系统、有效地运用手势。 18. What do we know according to Brian Mathias' research? A. Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B. The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C. The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D. 22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 【答案】C ・解析：根据第二段 “if you gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better... the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures” 可知，马蒂亚斯的研究结论是 “手势有助于词汇学习”。A项 “仅看图片的人表现更好” 与 “The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures” 矛盾；B项 “运动皮层与词汇学习无关” 与 “the motor cortex contributed to the translation” 矛盾；D项 “受试者包括成人和儿童” 错误，马蒂亚斯的研究仅涉及 “22名德语成年人”，儿童是莱比锡团队的研究对象，故选C。 19. Why was equipment attached to the subjects' heads during Mathias' test? A. To count words. B. To record emotion. C. To influence brain activity. D. To give clues to questions. 【答案】C ・解析：根据第二段 “they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex... Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex” 可知，设备的作用是 “向运动皮层发送微弱干扰信号”，进而观察运动皮层的活动水平，即 “影响大脑活动（以研究其与词汇学习的关联）”。A项 “计数单词”、B项 “记录情绪”、D项 “提供问题线索” 均未提及，故选C。 20. What does Leipzig's research tell us about language learning? A. Adults and children are equally good learners. B. Pictures have little influence on language learning. C. Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D. Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 【答案】D ・解析：根据第三段 “After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures” 可知，莱比锡的研究表明 “长期来看（六个月后），手势对成年人词汇学习的帮助比图片更明显”。A项 “成人和儿童学习能力相当” 未提及；B项 “图片对语言学习几乎无影响” 与 “两个月时两者效果相当” 矛盾；C项 “图片对儿童比视频更有帮助” 错误，原文对比的是 “图片与手势”，未提及视频，故选D。 21. What does the researcher suggest teachers do in the classroom? A. Make better use of gestures. B. Teach listening in a systematic way. C. Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D. Do some scientific researches on teaching. 【答案】A ・解析：根据最后一段 “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms... it could be used more often and more effectively” 可知，研究者建议教师 “在课堂上更好地运用手势（更多、更系统地使用）”。B项 “系统地教听力” 未提及；C项 “避免传统教学方法” 过度推断（原文未否定传统方法，仅建议补充手势）；D项 “做教学科研” 未提及，故选A。 D Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the winners, and those winners set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club - women, or people of a different color or belief - they were unacknowledged and refused by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here's the good news. In a connected world with constant global communication we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world." 【导语】本文探讨 “天才的本质与定义”：历史上天才常被局限于欧洲裔白人男性，这是由胜利者设定的不公平标准；研究发现女孩早年就受性别偏见影响，回避 “聪明孩子” 的活动；但随着全球沟通的加强，人们逐渐意识到天才不受性别、种族等社会因素限制，核心是智慧、创造力、毅力和运气。 22. What does the author think of winners' standards for joining the genius club? A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict. 【答案】A ・解析：根据第三段 “those winners set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club - women, or people of a different color or belief - they were unacknowledged” 可知，作者认为胜利者设定的天才标准 “排除了女性、不同肤色或信仰的人”，是 “不公平的（unfair）”。B项 “保守的” 侧重 “不愿接受新事物”，未体现；C项 “客观的” 与原文矛盾；D项 “严格的” 侧重 “标准高”，原文强调 “标准具有排他性”，而非严格，故选A。 23. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers. C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 【答案】D ・解析：根据第四段 “girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are 'really, really smart'... they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are 'really, really smart'” 可知，女孩受 “女性不够聪明” 这一社会普遍认知的影响，回避相关活动，即 “容易受社会观念影响”。A项 “认为自己聪明” 与原文矛盾；B项 “敬仰伟大思想家” 未提及；C项 “比男孩更早发现性别差异” 未提及，原文仅对比女孩与男孩对自身性别的认知，故选D。 24. Why are more geniuses known to the public? A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women. C. Acceptance of winners' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions. 【答案】A ・解析：根据最后一段 “In a connected world with constant global communication we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear” 可知，“全球沟通的改善” 让人们能看到各地的天才，因此更多天才被公众所知。B项 “对女性歧视减少” 是可能的结果，而非原因；C项 “接受胜利者的观念” 与原文矛盾（原文批判该观念）；D项 “人们社会地位的变化” 未提及，故选A。 25. What is the best title for the text? A. Geniuses Think Alike. B. Genius and Intelligence. C. Genius Takes Many Forms. D. Genius and Luck. 【答案】C ・解析：全文核心围绕 “天才的定义与多样性” 展开：批判历史上狭隘的天才标准（欧洲裔白人男性），指出天才不受性别、种族等社会因素限制，未来天才来自具备智慧、创造力等特质的人，即 “天才有多种形式（种族、性别、背景各异）”。A项 “天才所见略同” 未提及；B项 “天才与智力” 仅侧重智力，忽略原文强调的创造力、毅力等；D项 “天才与运气” 仅最后一句提及运气，非核心，故选C。 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you live in harmony with your pet? 26. ________ For example, you need to set clear boundaries for them, treat them with respect, and spend quality time together. Here are some ways that may help you develop a good relationship with your pet friend. 27. ________ You should realize that it takes some time to build a long-lasting bond with your pet. Some animals, like dogs and cats, might naturally follow you around more easily than other smaller mammals and reptiles (爬行动物). Therefore, if your pet doesn't warm to you right away, you should give them more time. Be the boss. 28. ________ Set aside time to practice them with your pet each day. If your pet breaks a rule, use body language and calm but firm words to let them know what they have done is not permitted. Understand your pet's body language. Body language is vastly different depending on what sort of animal you have chosen as your pet. If you're unsure of your pet's body language, consider buying a book or browsing some web pages devoted to your specific animal. 29. ________ Regularly be around your pet. Your pet is only part of your life, but for them, you are their whole life. 30. ________ Don't take no notice of them. Act happily when seeing them. How you show your pleasure in seeing them will depend on what type of pet they are. A. Be patient with your pet. B. Be calm when they attack you. C. Set rules and boundaries, and stick to them. D. It's unwise to use some violent words to treat your pet. E. Then you will become a better communicator increasingly. F. That's why it's important to spend quality time with your pet. G. Actually, living with an animal is like living with a human friend. 【导语】本文介绍与宠物和谐相处的方法：对待宠物要有耐心、树立主人权威（制定规则）、理解宠物的肢体语言、定期陪伴宠物，强调与宠物相处需尊重、包容和投入时间。 26. 【答案】G ・解析：前文提出 “是否与宠物和谐相处” 的问题，后文 “For example” 列举 “设定边界、尊重、共度时光” 等具体做法，G项 “实际上，与动物相处就像与人类朋友相处” 起到 “承上启下” 的作用，既回应 “和谐相处” 的话题，又为后文具体做法提供逻辑铺垫（像朋友一样需边界、尊重等），故选G。 27. 【答案】A ・解析：后文 “it takes some time to build a long-lasting bond... give them more time” 核心是 “与宠物建立感情需要时间，需给予耐心”，A项 “对宠物要有耐心” 概括该段主旨，作为段落主题句，故选A。 28. 【答案】C ・解析：本段主题是 “Be the boss”（树立主人权威），后文 “Set aside time to practice them with your pet each day” 中 “them” 指代前文提到的内容，C项 “制定规则和边界，并坚持执行” 既契合 “主人权威” 的主题，又为 “practice them” 提供指代对象（规则），逻辑连贯，故选C。 29. 【答案】E ・解析：前文建议 “通过书籍或网页了解宠物的肢体语言”，E项 “然后你会逐渐成为更好的沟通者” 是 “了解肢体语言” 的自然结果（掌握沟通方式→更好沟通），衔接合理。B项 “被攻击时保持冷静” 未提及；D项 “避免暴力语言” 与 “肢体语言” 话题无关，故选E。 30. 【答案】F ・解析：前文 “Your pet is only part of your life, but for them, you are their whole life” 强调 “宠物视你为全部”，F项 “这就是为什么与宠物共度优质时光很重要” 是前文的逻辑结论（因宠物依赖你，所以需陪伴），衔接 “陪伴” 的主题。后文 “Don't take no notice of them” 进一步呼应 “陪伴” 的重要性，故选F。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One day, Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework: homework on happiness. Her pupils would be "happiness ________ 31" and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them. As part of their homework, all the students did really ________ 32, wonderful things, but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone ________ 33. Several days after the homework had been handed out, Carla turned up carrying a big bag. "Here in this bag I have all the happiness I've collected so far," she said with a(n) ________ 34 look. On seeing this, everyone was filled with ________ 35, but Carla didn't want to show anyone what was in the bag. Instead, she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher. When Miss Ellis had taken the box, Carla took a(n) ________ 36 camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready. "Open it, Miss Ellis." The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside. A big smile ________ 37 on her face, and at that moment Carla took a photo. Carla's photo came out of the camera immediately, and she ________ 38 it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper. The teacher read the paper in silence, and when she had finished, she gestured (打手势) at the ________ 39. "Oh, so it's.." "Yes!" interrupted Carla, ________ 40 the bag. "It's a great big pile of smiles!" Photos of different ________ 41 fell out. The rest of the class tried to ________ 42 how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness. All there in the box was a photo of a big smile. But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted (传送) to them, and in return, without ________ 43, every person ________ 44 with a smile of their own. She managed to ________ 45 understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world. 【导语】本文讲述了埃利斯老师布置 “收集幸福” 的作业，学生卡拉通过特殊方式完成任务的故事：卡拉用相机拍下看到微笑的人的照片，收集了一堆微笑照片，向大家传递了 “微笑是送给世界的礼物” 的真理，展现了幸福的传递性。 31. A. Explorers B. instructors C. players D. collectors 【答案】D ・句意：她的学生们将成为 “幸福收集者”，看看当他们试图给周围的人带来幸福时会发生什么。 ・解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据后文 “all the happiness I've collected so far”（我收集到的所有幸福）可知，作业任务是 “收集幸福”，因此学生是 “幸福收集者（collectors）”。A项 “Explorers”（探索者）侧重 “探索”，非 “收集”；B项 “instructors”（指导者）与学生身份矛盾；C项 “players”（参与者、玩家）未体现 “收集” 的核心动作，故选D。 32. A. Regretful B. joyful C. helpful D. thankful 【答案】B ・句意：作为作业的一部分，所有学生都做了非常愉快、精彩的事情，但卡拉·查尔默斯的所作所为让所有人都感到惊讶。 ・解析：考查形容词词义辨析。空格处与 “wonderful”（精彩的）并列，修饰 “things”（事情），需体现 “带来幸福” 的积极属性。B项 “joyful”（愉快的）契合 “传递幸福” 的作业主题。A项 “Regretful”（遗憾的）为负面词汇，与语境矛盾；C项 “helpful”（有帮助的）侧重 “实用价值”，未体现 “幸福” 的核心；D项 “thankful”（感激的）修饰人，不修饰事物，故选B。 33. A. Surprised B. satisfied C. annoyed D. bored 【答案】A ・句意：作为作业的一部分，所有学生都做了非常愉快、精彩的事情，但卡拉·查尔默斯的所作所为让所有人都感到惊讶。 ・解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文卡拉 “用袋子收集微笑照片” 的特殊做法可知，她的行为让大家 “惊讶（surprised）”。B项 “satisfied”（满意的）仅体现 “认可”，未体现 “做法特殊带来的意外感”；C项 “annoyed”（恼怒的）、D项 “bored”（无聊的）均为负面情绪，与语境不符，故选A。 34. A. Disappointed B. sad C. anxious D. delighted 【答案】D ・句意：“这个袋子里装着我到目前为止收集到的所有幸福，” 她带着愉快的表情说。 ・解析：考查形容词词义辨析。卡拉成功收集到 “幸福”，内心应是 “愉快的（delighted）”。A项 “Disappointed”（失望的）、B项 “sad”（悲伤的）均为负面情绪，与语境矛盾；C项 “anxious”（焦虑的）未体现 “收集到幸福的喜悦”，故选D。 35. A. Doubt B. kindness C. expectation D. pride 【答案】C ・句意：看到这一幕，每个人都充满了期待，但卡拉不想让任何人看袋子里的东西。 ・解析：考查名词词义辨析。卡拉说袋子里是 “收集的幸福”，却不展示，大家自然会 “期待（expectation）” 知道里面是什么。A项 “Doubt”（怀疑）未体现 “好奇与期待”；B项 “kindness”（善良）与 “想看袋子里的东西” 无关；D项 “pride”（骄傲）需主语为卡拉，此处主语是 “everyone”，逻辑不符，故选C。 36. A. Expensive B. old C. instant D. cheap 【答案】C ・句意：当埃利斯老师接过盒子时，卡拉从自己口袋里拿出一台即时成像相机，准备就绪。 ・解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文 “Carla's photo came out of the camera immediately”（照片立刻从相机里出来）可知，这是一台 “即时成像（instant）相机”。A项 “Expensive”（昂贵的）、B项 “old”（旧的）、D项 “cheap”（便宜的）均未体现 “即时成像” 的核心功能，与后文 “照片立刻出来” 无关，故选C。 37. A. Disappeared B. lost C. failed D. shone 【答案】D ・句意：老师慢慢打开盒子，朝里面看了看。一个大大的微笑出现在她的脸上，就在那一刻，卡拉按下了快门。 ・解析：考查动词词义辨析。盒子里是 “微笑的照片”，老师看到后应露出微笑，“shone” 此处可理解为 “（微笑）绽放、显露”，契合语境。A项 “Disappeared”（消失）、B项 “lost”（失去）、C项 “failed”（未能）均与 “看到照片后微笑” 的逻辑矛盾，故选D。 38. A. Offered B. sold C. quit D. paid 【答案】A ・句意：卡拉的照片立刻从相机里出来了，她把照片和一张纸一起递给了埃利斯老师。 ・解析：考查动词词义辨析。卡拉拍下老师的微笑后，应将照片 “递给（offered）” 老师。B项 “sold”（出售）、C项 “quit”（放弃）、D项 “paid”（支付）均与 “展示照片、完成作业” 的语境无关，故选A。 39. A. Box B. bag C. camera D. pocket 【答案】B ・句意：老师默默地读着那张纸，读完后，她指了指那个袋子。 ・解析：考查名词词义辨析。前文卡拉提到 “袋子里装着所有幸福”，老师读完纸后（了解了卡拉的做法），自然会指向 “袋子（bag）”。A项 “Box”（盒子）里仅装着一张微笑照片，非 “所有幸福”；C项 “camera”（相机）、D项 “pocket”（口袋）均与 “所有幸福” 的存放处无关，故选B。 40. A. Packing B. loading C. carrying D. opening 【答案】D ・句意：“是的！” 卡拉打断她的话，打开了袋子。“里面是一大堆微笑！” ・解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据后文 “Photos of different... fell out”（照片掉了出来）可知，卡拉 “打开了（opening）” 袋子。A项 “Packing”（打包）、B项 “loading”（装载）均与 “照片掉出” 矛盾；C项 “carrying”（携带）未体现 “打开袋子” 的动作，故选D。 41. A. Smiles B. teachers C. ceremonies D. friends 【答案】A ・句意：各种各样的微笑照片掉了出来。 ・解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据前文 “It's a great big pile of smiles!”（一大堆微笑）可知，掉出来的是 “微笑（smiles）的照片”。B项 “teachers”（老师）、C项 “ceremonies”（仪式）、D项 “friends”（朋友）均与 “微笑” 的核心主题无关，故选A。 42. A. try out B. appeal to C. decide on D. think out 【答案】D ・句意：班上其他同学都试图弄明白卡拉是如何创造出如此长的幸福链条的。 ・解析：考查动词短语辨析。卡拉的做法很特殊，同学们会 “试图弄明白（think out）” 她的方法。A项 “try out”（试验）、B项 “appeal to”（吸引）、C项 “decide on”（决定）均与 “理解做法” 的语境无关，故选D。 43. A. Concentration B. expression C. hesitation D. determination 【答案】C ・句意：但每个看到它的人都感到幸福在向自己传递，作为回报，每个人都毫不犹豫地用自己的微笑回应。 ・解析：考查名词词义辨析。“without hesitation” 为固定短语，意为 “毫不犹豫地”，契合 “感受到幸福后立刻微笑回应” 的逻辑。A项 “Concentration”（专注）、B项 “expression”（表达）、D项 “determination”（决心）均无法构成合理搭配，故选C。 44. A. Responded B. refused C. hosted D. competed 【答案】A ・句意：但每个看到它的人都感到幸福在向自己传递，作为回报，每个人都毫不犹豫地用自己的微笑回应。 ・解析：考查动词词义辨析。前文 “感受到幸福传递”，后文 “用微笑回应（responded）” 符合逻辑。B项 “refused”（拒绝）与 “传递幸福” 矛盾；C项 “hosted”（主办）、D项 “competed”（竞争）均与语境无关，故选A。 45. A. Hide B. correct C. request D. spread 【答案】D ・句意：她成功地传播了一个关于微笑的真理——每次你微笑时，你都是在向世界送上一份礼物。 ・解析：考查动词词义辨析。卡拉通过收集微笑照片的行为，向大家 “传播了（spread）” 微笑的真理。A项 “Hide”（隐藏）与语境矛盾；B项 “correct”（纠正）未提及 “真理有误”；C项 “request”（请求）与 “传递真理” 无关，故选D。 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The history of Teachers' Day ________ 46 (date) back to the Han Dynasty. According to records, during the Han and Jin dynasties, every year ________ 47 August 27, Confucius' birthday, the emperor, ________ 48 (follow) by court (宫廷) officials, would visit the Confucius Temple ________ 49 (pay) tribute (敬意) to the ancient philosopher and invite royal teachers to the court for a meal. Local officials followed the court, and on this day, teachers across the country enjoyed a day's holiday and received dried meat as ________ 50 gift. Teachers with outstanding performance would ________ 51 (pick) from colleges and learning institutions throughout the country, reported to the court, and given 500 liang silver coins as a prize. ________ 52 (normal), an ancient teacher's income included salary, accommodation ________ 53 festival gifts. In private schools, teachers always received money or gifts from the host family at certain festivals or at the ________ 54 (begin) and end of each semester. The festivals in ________ 55 teachers received gifts varied from region to region, while the most valued ones were the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-autumn and Chinese New Year festivals, as well as Confucius' birthday and the private tutor's birthday. 【导语】本文介绍了中国教师节的历史渊源：可追溯至汉代，汉晋时期皇帝会在孔子诞辰日祭拜孔子、宴请教师；古代教师的收入包括薪水、住宿和节日礼物，不同地区教师收礼的节日有所不同，但核心节日相对统一。 46. 【答案】dates ・解析：考查时态。“date back to”（追溯至）是固定短语，描述客观历史事实时需用一般现在时；主语 “The history” 为单数，故填 “dates”。 47. 【答案】on ・解析：考查介词。空格后为具体日期 “August 27”（8月27日），具体日期前需用介词 “on”，表 “在某一天”。 48. 【答案】followed ・解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 “the emperor”（皇帝）与 “follow”（跟随）为被动关系（皇帝被官员跟随），用过去分词 “followed” 作状语，构成 “followed by”（被……跟随）结构。 49. 【答案】to pay ・解析：考查非谓语动词。皇帝拜访孔庙的目的是 “向古代哲学家致敬”，用不定式 “to pay” 作目的状语，表 “为了……”。 50. 【答案】a ・解析：考查冠词。“gift”（礼物）为可数名词单数，此处表 “一份礼物”，且 “dried meat” 为辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词 “a”。 51. 【答案】be picked ・解析：考查语态。主语 “Teachers with outstanding performance”（表现突出的教师）与 “pick”（挑选）为被动关系（教师被挑选），且前面有情态动词 “would”，故用 “be + 过去分词” 形式 “be picked”。 52. 【答案】Normally ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处修饰整个句子，需用副词；“normal”（形容词，正常的）的副词形式为 “Normally”（通常），注意首字母大写。 53. 【答案】and ・解析：考查连词。空格前 “salary, accommodation”（薪水、住宿）与空格后 “festival gifts”（节日礼物）为并列关系，共同构成教师的收入，故用并列连词 “and”。 54. 【答案】beginning ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处与 “end”（结束）并列，需用名词；“begin”（动词，开始）的名词形式为 “beginning”（开头），表 “学期初”。 55. 【答案】which ・解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 “the festivals”（节日），空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作介词 “in” 的宾语（in which = when），故用关系代词 “which”（介词后不能用that）。 第四部分 词汇基础（共25小题：每小题1分，满分25分） 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 56. The news aroused a lot of ________ (curios) among local people. 【答案】curiosity ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作 “aroused”（激起）的宾语，需用名词；“curios”（形容词，好奇的）的名词形式为 “curiosity”（不可数名词，好奇心），“a lot of” 可修饰不可数名词，故填 “curiosity”。 57. Teaching her young students is what makes her work worthwhile because of their ________ (eager) and enthusiasm. 【答案】eagerness ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处与 “enthusiasm”（热情，名词）并列，需用名词；“eager”（形容词，渴望的）的名词形式为 “eagerness”（不可数名词，渴望），故填 “eagerness”。 58. What I find most ________ (challenge) is not the failure itself, but the courage to start all over again. 【答案】challenging ・解析：考查词性转换。“find + sth. + adj.” 为固定结构，意为 “发现某物……”；“challenge”（动词/名词，挑战）的形容词形式为 “challenging”（有挑战性的），故填 “challenging”。 59. I'm more ________ (select) about the programmes I watch than I used to be. 【答案】selective ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作表语，需用形容词；“select”（动词，挑选）的形容词形式为 “selective”（挑剔的、有选择性的），“more selective” 为比较级形式，契合 “than” 的语境，故填 “selective”。 60. A good leader should create an atmosphere of trust, which is essential for developing ________ (create) and innovation among team members. 【答案】creativity ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处与 “innovation”（创新，名词）并列，需用名词；“create”（动词，创造）的名词形式为 “creativity”（不可数名词，创造力），故填 “creativity”。 61. There is every ________ (likely) that more jobs will be lost later this year. 【答案】likelihood ・解析：考查词性转换。“there is every likelihood that...” 为固定句型，意为 “极有可能……”；“likely”（形容词/副词，可能的）的名词形式为 “likelihood”（不可数名词，可能性），故填 “likelihood”。 62. ________ (addition), all our credit cards should have photo ID printed on them. 【答案】Additionally ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作状语，修饰整个句子，需用副词；“addition”（名词，添加）的副词形式为 “Additionally”（此外），注意首字母大写，故填 “Additionally”。 63. There's a growing ________ (recognize) that it's never too late to learn English. 【答案】recognition ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作 “there's” 的主语，需用名词；“recognize”（动词，承认、认识到）的名词形式为 “recognition”（不可数名词，认识、认可），故填 “recognition”。 64. People tend to make ________ (assume) about you when you have a disability. 【答案】assumptions ・解析：考查词性转换与名词复数。“make assumptions about” 为固定短语，意为 “对……做出假设”；“assume”（动词，假设）的名词形式为 “assumption”（可数名词），此处表 “多种假设”，需用复数 “assumptions”，故填 “assumptions”。 65. English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are ________ (option). 【答案】optional ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作表语，需用形容词；“option”（名词，选择）的形容词形式为 “optional”（可选的），与前文 “compulsory”（必修的）形成对比，故填 “optional”。 66. She always had great ________ (admire) for people who could speak so many languages. 【答案】admiration ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作 “had” 的宾语，需用名词；“admire”（动词，钦佩）的名词形式为 “admiration”（不可数名词，钦佩），“great admiration for” 为固定搭配，意为 “对……非常钦佩”，故填 “admiration”。 67. I'm not very ________ (adventure) when it comes to trying new food. 【答案】adventurous ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作表语，需用形容词；“adventure”（名词/动词，冒险）的形容词形式为 “adventurous”（爱冒险的、大胆的），故填 “adventurous”。 68. Many elderly people expressed a strong ________ (prefer) to live in their own homes. 【答案】preference ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作 “expressed” 的宾语，需用名词；“prefer”（动词，更喜欢）的名词形式为 “preference”（可数名词，偏好），“a strong preference to do sth.” 为固定搭配，意为 “强烈倾向于做某事”，故填 “preference”。 69. Who did the ________ (illustrate) for the book? They're lovely. 【答案】illustrations ・解析：考查词性转换与名词复数。空格处作 “did” 的宾语，需用名词；“illustrate”（动词，插图、说明）的名词形式为 “illustration”（可数名词，插图），根据后文 “They're” 可知，需用复数 “illustrations”，故填 “illustrations”。 70. The fear of unemployment can be a source of deep ________ (anxious) to people. 【答案】anxiety ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作 “of” 的宾语，需用名词；“anxious”（形容词，焦虑的）的名词形式为 “anxiety”（不可数名词，焦虑），故填 “anxiety”。 71. We have high expectations for the forthcoming English Drama Festival held ________ (annual). 【答案】annually ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处修饰过去分词 “held”（举办），需用副词；“annual”（形容词，每年的）的副词形式为 “annually”（每年），故填 “annually”。 72. Typhoon "Ragasa" caused widespread ________ (destroy) in the Shenzhen area. 【答案】destruction ・解析：考查词性转换。空格处作 “caused” 的宾语，需用名词；“destroy”（动词，破坏）的名词形式为 “destruction”（不可数名词，破坏），“widespread destruction” 意为 “广泛的破坏”，故填 “destruction”。 73. The company hopes to be one of the ________ (survive) of the economic crisis. 【答案】survivors ・解析：考查词性转换与名词复数。空格处作 “one of” 的宾语，需用可数名词复数；“survive”（动词，幸存）的名词形式为 “survivor”（可数名词，幸存者），复数形式为 “survivors”，故填 “survivors”。 74. The student stood up ________ panic when the teacher called his name. 【答案】in ・解析：考查固定搭配。“in panic” 为固定短语，意为 “惊慌地”，修饰动词 “stood up”，表 “惊慌地站起来”，故填 “in”。 75. She let out a sigh ________ the sight of the huge pile of homework. 【答案】at ・解析：考查固定搭配。“at the sight of” 为固定短语，意为 “一看到……就”，表 “看到堆积如山的作业时，她叹了口气”，故填 “at”。 76. The wisdom our teacher shared with us speaks ________ a legacy that will guide us for a lifetime. 【答案】of ・解析：考查固定搭配。“speak of” 为固定短语，意为 “代表、象征”，表 “老师分享的智慧象征着将指引我们一生的财富”，故填 “of”。 77. True learning requires you to focus and reflect ________ the process of thinking itself, cultivating the ability to question. 【答案】on/upon ・解析：考查固定搭配。“reflect on/upon” 为固定短语，意为 “反思、思考”，表 “真正的学习需要你专注并反思思考过程本身”，故填 “on” 或 “upon”。 78. In the global race for renewable energy, China is now firmly ________ the lead. 【答案】in ・解析：考查固定搭配。“in the lead” 为固定短语，意为 “处于领先地位”，表 “在全球可再生能源竞赛中，中国目前稳居领先地位”，故填 “in”。 79. In our pursuit of efficiency, we often lose track ________ why we started. 【答案】of ・解析：考查固定搭配。“lose track of” 为固定短语，意为 “忘记、失去线索”，表 “在追求效率的过程中，我们常常忘记最初的目的”，故填 “of”。 80. It is more important to recover ________ a failure than to never fail at all. 【答案】from ・解析：考查固定搭配。“recover from” 为固定短语，意为 “从……中恢复”，表 “从失败中恢复比从不失败更重要”，故填 “from”。 第五部分 应用文写作（满分15分） 假定你是李华，你的好友Peter在进入高中后，发现自己难以平衡繁重的学业和丰富的社团活动，感到压力很大。他为此感到很苦恼，写信向你求助。请你用英语给他写一封回信。内容要点包括： 1. 表达理解，并给予安慰； 2. 提出建议（至少二点）； 3. 表达祝福。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Peter, I’m sorry to hear you’re stressed about balancing heavy schoolwork and colorful club activities. It’s totally normal for freshmen to feel this way, so don’t be too hard on yourself. Here are two practical suggestions. First, make a detailed schedule to arrange study and club time reasonably—prioritize important tasks like exams. Second, don’t hesitate to quit some less important club events if you feel overwhelmed. It’s better to focus on a few things well than do many poorly. Hope these tips help. May you soon find a balance and enjoy your high school life! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【详解】 ① 题材：本文为书信体，属于 “安慰 + 建议信”，场景为好友间的日常沟通，语言需亲切、真诚，建议需具体可行，符合高一学生的生活实际。 ② 时态：核心时态为 “一般现在时”（表达当前的感受、建议和祝福），符合书信中 “立足当下提供帮助” 的时间逻辑。 ③ 亮点词汇： • freshmen（新生）：精准指代 “刚进入高中的Peter”，比 “new students” 更贴合语境； • prioritize（优先处理）：体现 “合理安排时间” 的核心，比 “focus on” 更具操作性； • overwhelmed（不知所措的）：准确描述Peter的压力状态，比 “tired” 更贴合 “难以平衡” 的语境； • make a detailed schedule（制定详细日程表）：具体的时间管理方法，使建议更落地。 ④ 高分句型： • It’s totally normal for freshmen to feel this way, so don’t be too hard on yourself.（“It’s normal for sb. to do sth.” 为常用句型，表 “某人做某事很正常”，缓解对方焦虑，语气亲切）； • It’s better to focus on a few things well than do many poorly.（“It’s better to... than...” 表对比，强调 “专注少数事” 的重要性，建议明确且有说服力）。 ⑤ 要点覆盖： • 表达理解与安慰：开篇点明 “理解对方压力”，指出 “新生有这种感受很正常”，缓解焦虑； • 提出建议：两点建议（制定日程表、放弃不重要的社团活动）具体可行，符合 “平衡学业与社团” 的核心需求； • 表达祝福：结尾祝福对方 “找到平衡、享受高中生活”，呼应开头的安慰，结构完整。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $