专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，云南专用）高二英语上学期

专题05 说明文 阅读理解C篇 以下汇编的阅读理解C篇说明文，按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、企业发展、跨文化沟通、社会趋势 1.介绍一种通过基因疗法治疗白血病的新方法 难度：0.85 2.介绍鼠标和键盘游戏对技能发展的作用 难度：0.65 3.介绍Luxottica公司向智能眼镜和助听眼镜领域的战略发展 难度：0.65 4.介绍美国城市本地化粮食生产潜力的研究 难度：0.65 5.介绍通过分析手机化学残留物了解用户信息的研究 难度：0.65 6.介绍美国现代建筑之父弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特的生平与成就 难度：0.65 7.介绍歌曲《孤勇者》的创作背景及其在小学生中流行的原因 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、心理健康、教育、幸福 1.介绍有效沟通的关键要素与技巧 难度：0.65 2.介绍中国农民探索无人机操作、直播等新职业道路的现象 难度：0.65 3.介绍Taylor Jenkins Reid的小说《Carrie Soto Is Back》及其主题 难度：0.65 4.介绍深海鱼类奇特外貌的形成原因 难度：0.65 5.介绍一项关于牙齿健康与大脑健康关联的新研究 难度：0.65 6.介绍英语中与“糖果”相关的几个地道表达及其含义 难度：0.65 7.介绍关于人类短期记忆的实验与研究 难度：0.65 8.介绍工作场所配备急救设备、人员及制定急救方案的重要性与方法 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境、动物、生态 1.介绍鲸鱼因回声相似而误食塑料的科学发现 难度：0.85 2.介绍鲸鱼误食塑料的原因及塑料对海洋生物的危害 难度：0.65 3.介绍通过给奶牛佩戴VR头显改善其情绪以提高产奶量的方法 难度：0.65 4.介绍猫的眼睛在黑暗中发光的原因 难度：0.65 5.介绍Benjamin Canlas勇气慈善基金会及其善举的影响 难度：0.65 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、企业发展、跨文化沟通、社会趋势 1．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第三中学·期末)For as long as we’ve known about it, humans have searched for a cure for cancer. Across the world, countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop this terrible disease. But now, it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA, a government agency that’s responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer. The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune (有免疫力的) cells of sick patients to fight leukemia—a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people. The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as T-cells, which are then changed to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells. The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patient’s leukemia over time, similar to how the body fights off other illnesses. “This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients,” Louis J. DeGennaro, president of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, said in a news release. Up until now, a long and painful marrow transplant (骨髓移植) was the only option for many leukemia patients. In this procedure, healthy blood cells are taken from a donor and placed into the sick patient, who also has to go through chemotherapy (化疗) to allow their body to adjust to the new cells. But with a recovery rate of around 83%—according to a news release published by the FDA—it’s hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers. “We’re entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient’s own cells to attack a deadly cancer,” FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release. “New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses.” 2．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To compare different ways of curing leukemia. B．To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment. C．To explore the potential of gene and cell therapies. D．To show scientists’ efforts in search of a cure for cancer. 3．How does the new treatment for leukemia work? A．By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones. B．By using changed T-cells to destroy cancer cells. C．By removing sick blood cells during a marrow transplant. D．By using chemotherapy to improve the patient’s immune system. 4．What can be inferred about the new therapy for leukemia sufferers? A．It can give them a better chance of survival and recovery. B．It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer. C．It can reduce their pain in the process of the marrow transplant D．It can save them many more trips to the hospital and cause more deaths. 5．From which is the text probably taken? A．A biology textbook. B．A research paper. C．A medical magazine. D．A travel brochure. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.85 【导语】这是一篇说明文。治愈癌症是医学界的难题，大量的时间和金钱投入到研究一种阻止这种可怕疾病的方法上。现在一种新的基因疗法给人们带来了治愈白血病的希望。该疗法通过培养病人体内的有免疫力的细胞来对抗白血病。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy（治疗）that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.（最近，美国负责医疗保健的政府机构——食品和药物管理局批准了一种新的基因疗法，这可能意味着某种癌症的终结。）”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了治疗癌症的一项突破——一种新的基因疗法。所以作者写作这篇文章的目的是介绍一项癌症治疗领域的新突破。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as T­cells, which are then changed to be able to hunt down cancer cells.（这种令人兴奋的新疗法通过从病人体内移除健康的免疫细胞，即T细胞，然后改变T细胞，使其能够猎杀癌细胞。）”可知，该疗法通过改变后的T细胞来对抗身体内的癌细胞，从而达到治疗目的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But with a recovery rate of around 83% — according to a news release published by the FDA — it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers.（但是，根据FDA发布的新闻，白血病患者的治愈率约为83%，白血病患者有望不再需要痛苦地去医院，甚至面对死亡。）”可知，根据美国食品和药物管理局发布的新闻，利用这一方法的白血病患者的治愈率约为83%，据此可推知，这一方法有望给白血病患者带来更好的存活和康复机会。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段“Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy（治疗）that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.（最近，美国负责医疗保健的政府机构——食品和药物管理局批准了一种新的基因疗法，这可能意味着某种癌症的终结。）”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了治疗癌症的一项突破——一种新的基因疗法。由此判断出短文来自医学杂志。故选C项。 2．(24-25高二上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)Mouse and keyboarding games are interactive computer games that require players to use a combination of mouse movements and keyboard inputs. These games are not only entertaining but also beneficial for skill development, particularly for children. They can improve children’s motor skills, cognitive abilities, typing speed, and accuracy. Various genres of mouse and keyboarding games are available, catering to different age groups and skill levels, including educational games, puzzles, typing games, strategy games and point-and-click adventures. Many of these games focus specifically on improving typing skills through typing exercises, word games, and challenges. They can also be highly educational, teaching subjects such as mathematics, language arts, science, and even coding. For instance, games like “CodeCombat,” “Scratch,” “Code.org,” and “Lightbot” introduce programming concepts and logic, serving as a stepping stone for beginners interested in learning to code. Of course, mouse and keyboarding games are not limited to children. Adults can also enjoy these games as a fun and interactive way to challenge themselves, and improve their computing skills. Many games offer multiplayer options, adding a social and competitive aspect to the gaming experience. These games can also serve as effective training tools for professionals in various fields, such as office workers, software developers, and digital artists. They provide gamified approach to skill development in specific areas of technology and computing, such as touch typing, coding, graphic design, video editing, and data entry while users are having fun playing various games. One of the main advantages of using mouse and keyboarding games for skill development is that they are interactive and engaging. They provide instant feedback, track progress, and offer a safe environment for experimentation and learning. These games can also help advancing analytical skills by presenting players with puzzles and challenges that require critical thinking. Furthermore, mouse and keyboarding games can make learning technology and computing more accessible by breaking down complex concepts into bite-sized, interactive challenges. They can contribute to digital literacy by familiarizing users with basic computing skills and making them more comfortable and proficient in using technology. Many of these games are also available on mobile devices, offering convenient access to gaming experiences on the go. 2．Who are mouse and keyboarding games designed mainly for? A．Adults. B．Children. C．Digital artists. D．Office workers. 3．What does the underlined word “gamified” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Child-centered. B．Simplified. C．Game-based. D．Scientific. 4．What is a benefit of playing puzzles? A．Improving motor skills. B．Enhancing interactive abilities. C．Better typing speed and accuracy. D．Improving problem-solving capabilities. 5．How do mouse and keyboarding games make learning technology and computing more accessible? A．By requiring basic technical skills. B．By offering only single-player options. C．By providing complex but interactive challenges. D．By turning complicated concepts into shortened obstacles. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鼠标和键盘游戏，主要介绍了这类游戏的作用、适用人群以及其对技能发展的益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“These games are not only entertaining but also beneficial for skill development, particularly for children.(这些游戏不仅有趣，而且有利于技能的发展，特别是对儿童)”可知，鼠标和键盘游戏主要是为孩子设计的。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“having fun playing various games(通过玩游戏获得乐趣)”可知，他们提供游戏化的方法，故划线词意思是“基于游戏的”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“These games can also help advancing analytical skills by presenting players with puzzles and challenges that require critical thinking.(这些游戏还可以通过向玩家呈现需要批判性思维的谜题和挑战来帮助他们提高分析能力)”可知，玩谜题的好处是提高解决问题的能力。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Furthermore, mouse and keyboarding games can make learning technology and computing more accessible by breaking down complex concepts into bite-sized, interactive challenges.(此外，鼠标和键盘游戏可以将复杂的概念分解成简单的互动挑战，从而使学习技术和计算变得更容易)”可知，鼠标和键盘游戏把复杂的概念变成缩短的障碍，使学习技术和计算更容易获得。故选D。 3．(24-25高二上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)Del Vecchio, an Italian entrepreneur who died in 2022, built Luxottica into the world’s largest maker of spectacles (眼镜) and sunglasses. In 2018 he integrated his firm with Essilor, a French lens manufacturer, to create a Franco-Italian corporate (企业) giant. Now Francesco Milleri, who was appointed chief executive of Luxottica in 2017, is looking for the company’s next act. He has two big ideas. First is to become the leader in smart glasses. The ambition is not entirely new: the firm partnered with Google on its Google Glass-an unambiguous failure thanks in part to its awkward interface and foolish design. The device was discontinued in 2015. Essilor Luxottica’s latest attempt at the technology is through Ray-Ban. The first version had only modest success. It hopes that a new version, which has a trendier camera and a longer battery life, will do better. The device can capture and relay what the wearer sees. An in-built virtual assistant can hear and respond to their requests. Mr. Milleri’s second idea is to develop spectacles with built-in hearing aids, which it will launch in August, for those with moderate hearing loss. The company’s spectacles will look no different from other glasses and cost well below the price of a regular hearing aid, says Mr. Milleri. The thinking is not altogether original. The Beltone “Hear-N-See”, one such device, first debuted in 1956. But the idea has never been adopted widely. Mr. Milleri is counting on better technology to change that. It detects where sounds are coming from based on when they are picked up by different microphones. The spectacles then isolate and process the voice of the person the wearer is speaking to and transmit it through tiny built-in speakers. Mr. Milleri’s quest for the concept is personal. Mr. Del Vecchio, who was 87 when he died, suffered from hearing loss and often regretted that hearing aids were uncomfortable to wear with glasses. That inspired Mr. Milleri to pursue the idea. Whether he proves to be far-sighted remains to be seen. 2．What is Essilor Luxottica according to the passage? A．It is a partner of Google. B．It is a branch of Luxottica. C．It is a French lens manufacturer. D．It is a cross-border corporate giant. 3．How is Essilor Luxottica’s latest attempt? A．Improved and interactive. B．Stylish and water-proof. C．Original and light-weight. D．Sensitive and shock-resistant. 4．Which of the following parts is from Milleri’s second idea? A．Removable hearing aids. B．Isolated tiny speakers. C．Sound-detecting microphones. D．Separate voice processors. 5．What would be a suitable title of the passage? A．Strategic Heritage: Luxottica’s Journey into Smart Eyewear B．Luxottica’s Next Chapter: From Visual Spectacles to Beyond C．Francesco Milleri: Far-sighted Chief Executive of Luxottica D．Francesco Milleri’s Vision: Passing down Luxottica’s Legacy 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Luxottica公司现任首席执行官Francesco Milleri计划将公司发展成智能眼镜和助听眼镜领域的领导者。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2018 he integrated his firm with Essilor, a French lens manufacturer, to create a Franco-Italian corporate (企业) giant.(2018年，他将自己的公司与法国镜片制造商依视路合并，创建了一家法意合资的巨头公司)”可知，Essilor Luxottica是一家跨国企业巨头。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Essilor Luxottica’s latest attempt at the technology is through Ray-Ban. The first version had only modest success. It hopes that a new version, which has a trendier camera and a longer battery life, will do better. The device can capture and relay what the wearer sees. An in-built virtual assistant can hear and respond to their requests.( Essilor Luxottica最新的技术尝试是通过雷朋。第一个版本只取得了有限的成功。该公司希望拥有更时尚的摄像头和更长的电池寿命的新版本会做得更好。该设备可以捕捉并传递佩戴者所看到的东西。内置的虚拟助手可以听到并回应他们的请求)”可知，Essilor Luxottica的最新尝试改进的和互动的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The thinking is not altogether original. The Beltone “Hear-N-See”, one such device, first debuted in 1956. But the idea has never been adopted widely. Mr. Milleri is counting on better technology to change that. It detects where sounds are coming from based on when they are picked up by different microphones. The spectacles then isolate and process the voice of the person the wearer is speaking to and transmit it through tiny built-in speakers.(这种想法并不完全是原创的。Beltone “Hear-N-See”就是这样一种设备，于1956年首次亮相。但这个想法从未被广泛采用。Milleri正指望更好的技术来改变这种状况。它可以根据不同麦克风接收到的声音来检测声音的来源。然后，眼镜会隔离和处理与佩戴者说话的人的声音，并通过微型内置扬声器将其传输出去)”可知，声音探测麦克风来自Milleri的第二个想法。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now Francesco Milleri, who was appointed chief executive of Luxottica in 2017, is looking for the company’s next act. He has two big ideas. First is to become the leader in smart glasses.(如今，2017年被任命为Luxottica首席执行官的Francesco Milleri正在寻找该公司的下一步行动。他有两大想法。首先是成为智能眼镜的领导者)”以及第四段“Mr. Milleri’s second idea is to develop spectacles with built-in hearing aids, which it will launch in August, for those with moderate hearing loss.(Milleri的第二个想法是开发内置助听器的眼镜，将于8月推出，面向中度听力损失的人)”可知，文章主要讲述了Luxottica公司现任首席执行官Francesco Milleri计划将公司发展成智能眼镜和助听眼镜领域的领导者。由此可知，B选项“从视觉眼镜到更多”最符合文章标题。故选B。 4．(24-25高二上·云南·期末)Many cities in the United States could grow their own food locally, raising enough crops and cattle to meet the needs of all residents. This is the finding of an interesting new modeling study from Tufts University, which analyzed the potential for local food production in 378 areas across the US and expected food production. The researchers found that cities in the Northwest in the United States had the greatest potential to raise their own food. Cities along the Eastern seaside and in the Southwest had the least potential and would not be able to meet all their own needs of diet, even if every acre of agricultural land was used for food production. This makes sense, as many of the cities are coastal and lack room for agricultural spreading. The study revealed that the United States have extra agricultural land for feeding the domestic population. Currently, some land is used to raise export crops, but a focus on local food production would start a conversation about how that land gets used. In the words of Peters, lead author and associate professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts, “It would be important to make sure policies for supporting local or regional food production benefit conservation and create opportunities for farmers to adopt more sustainable (可持续的) practices. Policies should also recognize the ability of the natural resources in a given local or region and consider the supply chain, including ability for food processing and storage.” Although it’s a far cry from the current reality, it is a nice thought to imagine cities surrounded by food production operations that transport freshly harvested food to nearby homes, and then make use of the leftover food to fertilize fields and generate heat for greenhouses. 2．Why do the cities along the Eastern seaside fail to provide enough food? A．Because citizens are unwilling to grow crops. B．Because the methods of food production are wrong. C．Because they don’t have enough land to grow crops. D．Because their climate limits the agricultural production. 3．What will the focus on local food production lead to? A．More job opportunities for citizens. B．Conversations with the local government. C．A discussion on how to make use of land. D．More specific policies about water resources. 4．What does the underlined phrase “a far cry from” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Closely related to. B．Very different from. C．Exactly the same as. D．Slightly different from. 5．What is the best title of this text? A．The US Government Stops Wasting Food B．Cities Learn to Grow Food From the Villages C．Farmers Have More Chances to Be Employed D．Many Cities in the US Can Grow Their Own Food 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。塔夫茨大学一项有趣的新模型研究的发现美国的许多城市可以在当地种植自己的粮食，种植和养殖足够的庄稼和牲畜，以满足所有居民的需求。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Cities along the Eastern seaside and in the Southwest had the least potential and would not be able to meet all their own needs of diet, even if every acre of agricultural land was used for food production. This makes sense, as many of the cities are coastal and lack room for agricultural spreading.(东部沿海城市和西南部城市的潜力最小，即使每英亩农田都用于粮食生产，它们也无法满足自身对饮食的全部需求。这是有道理的，因为许多城市都是沿海城市，缺乏农业扩张的空间)”可知，东部沿海城市无法提供足够的食物是因为他们没有足够的土地种植庄稼。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Currently, some land is used to raise export crops, but a focus on local food production would start a conversation about how that land gets used. (目前，一些土地用于种植出口作物，但关注当地粮食生产将引发有关这些土地如何利用的讨论)”可知，对当地粮食生产的关注将引发对如何利用土地的讨论。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Although it’s a far cry from the current reality, it is a nice thought to imagine cities surrounded by food production operations that transport freshly harvested food to nearby homes, and then make use of the leftover food to fertilize fields and generate heat for greenhouses.(尽管这与当前的现实 ，但想象一下被食品生产企业包围的城市是一个不错的想法，这些企业将新鲜收获的食物运送到附近的家庭，然后利用剩下的食物给田地施肥，为温室供暖)”以及其中but和imagine可知，前面的内容与实际情况是不一样的，所以猜测a far cry from应表示“与……不同的”的意思。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many cities in the United States could grow their own food locally, raising enough crops and cattle to meet the needs of all residents. This is the finding of an interesting new modeling study from Tufts University, which analyzed the potential for local food production in 378 areas across the US and expected food production.(美国的许多城市可以在当地种植自己的粮食，种植足够的作物和牲畜来满足所有居民的需求。这是塔夫茨大学一项有趣的新建模研究的发现，该研究分析了美国378个地区的当地粮食生产潜力和预期粮食生产)”可知，文章主要是讲一项研究发现美国的许多城市可以在当地种植自己的粮食，种植和养殖足够的庄稼和牲畜，以满足所有居民的需求。故D项“Many Cities in the US Can Grow Their Own Food(美国的很多城市可以种植自己的粮食)”可以作为最佳标题。故选D项。 5．(24-25高二上·云南昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期末)Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind. traces of chemicals: And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds. A molecule (分子) is a group of atoms. It represents the smallest amount of some chemical. Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything you’ve touched. With each new thing your skin contacts, you leave behind some small share of what it’d touched earlier. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) recently analyzed such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers. The study was led by biochemist Amin a Bouslimani. To explore those remains, the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteer’s phone with a cotton swab (药棉签). The scientists also swabbed (擦拭) each person’s right hand. Then the researchers compared the chemicals found on each cell phone. The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared these to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earher, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines. Traces of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone. The molecules reflected what had been in the body, and what each person had handled before touching the phone. From all these molecules, Bouslimani reveals, “We could tell if a person is likely female, uses high-end cosmetics, dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.” Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says, he’s never heard of police using phone remains to narrow down behavioral clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene. 2．What can we conclude about the user by analyzing the leftovers on the phone? A．Lifestyle. B．Intelligence. C．Appearance. D．Personality. 3．What was the first thing needed to be done before the study? A．Comparing different Chemicals B．Building a database containing chemicals. C．Hiring volunteers with cell phones. D．Collecting the chemicals from phones. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the application of the research finding? A．Indifferent. B．Critical C．Doubtful. D．Positive. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Fingers Leave Clues About You on Your Phone. B．Your Phone May Be Home to Various Chemicals. . C．Molecules Are Used to Search for Illegal Drugs. D．Cell Phones Will Be Used in More Fields. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过分析手机上的化学残留物可以了解用户的相关信息。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind. traces of chemicals: And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds.(每次你的手指碰到你的手机，他们留下。化学物质的痕迹：每种化学物质都为你和你的活动提供线索。一项新的研究发现，通过分析它们，科学家们可能能够拼凑出一个关于你最近生活的故事)”和第五段中的“From all these molecules, Bouslimani reveals, ‘We could tell if a person is likely female, uses high-end cosmetics, dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.’(Bouslimani透露，从这些分子中，“我们可以判断一个人是否是女性，是否使用高端化妆品，是否染发，是否喝咖啡，是更喜欢啤酒还是红酒，或者是否喜欢吃辛辣食物。”)”可推知，通过分析手机上的残留物可以了解用户的生活方式。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared these to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines.(科学家们发现了尽可能多的分子。然后，他们将这些数据与化学物质数据库进行了比较。加州大学圣地亚哥分校的药物化学家Pieter Dorrestein几年前帮助建立了这个数据库，其中包含各种物质，包括香料、咖啡因和药物)”可知，在研究之前，需要建立一个包含各种化学物质的数据库。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs.(警方已经使用分子分析来寻找爆炸物或非法毒品的痕迹)”和“But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene.(但侦探们有一天可能会利用这些数据来追踪在犯罪现场留下手机的人)”可推知，作者以客观且略带期待的语气描述研究发现的潜在应用，说明作者对这项研究成果的应用持积极态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind traces of chemicals: And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds.(每次你的手指触摸手机时，都会留下化学物质的痕迹：每一种化学物质都会为你和你的活动提供线索。一项新的研究发现，通过分析它们，科学家们可能能够拼凑出你最近生活的故事)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了手指会在手机上留下关于你的线索。故A项“Fingers Leave Clues About You on Your Phone.(手指会在你的手机上留下关于你的线索)”最适合作文章标题。故选A项。 6．(24-25高二上·云南玉溪·期末)Frank Lolyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years. He created most of his works from 1900 through the 1950s, but his open-living spaces and imaginative designs still appear very modern today. In 2015, the United States nominated ten of his buildings for the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, or UNESCO, World Heritage List. In 2019, a total of eight architectural works were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, which includes churches, private residences, government buildings, and museums. They are Unity Temple, Robie House, Hollyhock House, Falling water, Taliesin West, Taliesin, Jacobs House and Guggenheim Museum. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum is one of the most visited sites in New York City. About one million people visit it every year. Mr. Wright worked on it from 1943 to 1959. The museum remains an international icon of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design. In the early 1900s, Mr. Wright designed what are often called prairie houses. A prairie is a large, mostly flat area of land with few trees and covered in grass. One of his most famous prairie houses, the Robie House, located in Chicago, Illinois, looks like a series of long low rooms on different levels. The room seems to float over the ground. He designed everything in this house, including the furniture and floor coverings. His prairie houses had a major influence on home design in America. Richard Longstreth is the president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy (保护协会). He said, “The father of modern architecture, is fundamentally redefining the nature of form and space during the early 20th century, which would have enduring impacts on modern architecture worldwide.” 2．What do we know about Frank Lolyd Wright? A．His prairie houses are out of date nowadays. B．He designed buildings in the U. S. A for 50 years. C．He was one of the famous American architects. D．He created merely American churches and museums. 3．Which of the following can best describe Mr. Wright? A．Fashionable and generous. B．Productive and professional. C．Creative and honest. D．Conservative and cautious. 4．What does the underlined word “nominated” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Proposed. B．Appointed. C．Purchased. D．Discussed. 5．What can we learn from Richard’s comments? A．He worked for Frank Lolyd Wright. B．He was skeptical about Mr. Wright’s creative ability. C．He disliked the nature of works Mr. Wright designed. D．He believed Mr. Wright influenced the modern architecture around the globe. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍20世纪美国现代建筑之父弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Frank Lolyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years. He created most of his works from 1900 through the 1950s, but his open-living spaces and imaginative designs still appear very modern today.(弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特常被称为美国现代建筑之父。他在美国各地设计了70多年的建筑和住宅。他的大部分作品创作于1900年至1950年代，但他的开放式生活空间和富有想象力的设计在今天仍然显得非常现代)”可知，Frank Lolyd Wright是美国著名的建筑师之一，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Frank Lolyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years.(弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特常被称为美国现代建筑之父。他在美国各地设计了 70多年的建筑和住宅)”和第二段“In 2015, the United States nominated ten of his buildings for the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, or UNESCO, World Heritage List. In 2019, a total of eight architectural works were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, which includes churches, private residences, government buildings, and museums.(2015年，美国向联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录提名了他的10座建筑。2019年，共有8座建筑作品被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，其中包括教堂、私人住宅、政府建筑和博物馆)”可知，他是多产的、专业的设计师。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“In 2019, a total of eight architectural works were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, which includes churches, private residences, government buildings, and museums.(2019年，共有8座建筑作品被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，其中包括教堂、私人住宅、政府建筑和博物馆)”可以推测出 2015 年，美国向联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录提议了他的10座建筑。故划线词意思是“提议”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The father of modern architecture, is fundamentally redefining the nature of form and space during the early 20th century, which would have enduring impacts on modern architecture worldwide.(作为现代建筑之父，他在20世纪初从根本上重新定义了形式和空间的本质，这将对全世界的现代建筑产生持久的影响)”可知，理查德相信赖特影响着全球的现代建筑。故选D。 7．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第一中学·专题练习)From online to offline, the popularity of the song “The Lonely Brave” can be called “the most dazzling(炫目的)ethnic style” among elementary school students. What is the magic of “The Lonely Brave”? “The Lonely Brave” itself is the Chinese theme song of the cartoon “League of Legends: Battle of the Two Cities”. The song is sung by Eason Chan, written by Tang Tian and composed by Qian Lei. Tang Tian has been fond of music and writing since she was a child. When her talent was gradually recognized, unluckily, in 2012, she was diagnosed with stage III nasopharyngeal cancer. Instead of yielding, she actively cooperated with the treatment. In November 2021, Tang Tian wrote the song for her idol Eason Chan. Two students from a primary school in Wuhan, Hubei, played the song on the piano, arousing many onlookers, and slowly everyone sang along. The video went viral(传播)as soon as it was posted on the Internet. Then, a video of a drum player in Guizhou was also circulated on the Internet. What exactly is this song that has conquered tens of thousands of children? Let’s see what the children have to say. “I like the last line of the lyrics(歌词), who said that those who stand in the light are heroes, and if there is no flash, those who are unknown are not heroes?” “The lonely brave people are those who are not afraid of hardships and risk their lives to cut thorns for others or themselves. They dare to fight and fight against fate.” “After listening to the song, I thought of the delivery boy. Go? Is it worthy? This ragged cloak(披风). Fight? Fight! With the humble dreams, they all play the role of ordinary people in their lives and try to fight for their dreams.” The lonely hero in everyone’s heart is different, but they are all those who shine in the dark without expecting anything in return. 2．What can you learn about the song “The Lonely Brave”? A．The explosion of the song is expected. B．The song is written by Tang Tian after her recovery. C．The song is less attractive than the cartoon “League of Legends”. D．The two students’ video became an instant hit when posted on the Internet. 3．What does the underlined word “yielding” mean? A．Ignorance. B．Give-up C．Disapproval. D．Anger. 4．Why is the song “The Lonely Brave” popular with elementary school students? A．Its lyrics are inspiring. B．It is sung by Eason Chan. C．It reflects the life of children. D．It is of a traditional ethnic style. 5．Who are “the lonely brave” in children’s heart? A．Those hiding in the dark. B．Those standing in the light. C．Those with adventurous tastes. D．Those with bravery and devotion. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《孤勇者》这首歌的创作过程和它流行的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Two students from a primary school in Wuhan, Hubei, played the song on the piano, arousing many onlookers, and slowly everyone sang along. The video went viral(传播)as soon as it was posted on the Internet.（湖北武汉一所小学的两名学生在钢琴上弹奏了这首歌，引起了许多旁观者的围观，大家慢慢地跟着唱了起来。 这段视频一经发布就在网上疯传）”可知，这两名学生的视频一经发布就在网上引起了轰动。故选D项。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前面的一句“When her talent was gradually recognized, unluckily, in 2012, she was diagnosed with stage III nasopharyngeal cancer.（当她的才能逐渐得到认可时，不幸的是，在2012年，她被诊断出患有鼻咽癌III期）”可知，唐恬被诊断出患有鼻咽癌III期；再由划线单词前的“instead of”和划线单词后的“she actively cooperated with the treatment”可知，虽然唐恬被诊断出患有鼻咽癌III期，但是她并没有屈服，而是积极配合治疗。所以，划线单词“yielding”的意义为“屈服，让步”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章中引用孩子们所说的话“I like the last line of the lyrics(歌词), who said that those who stand in the light are heroes, and if there is no flash, those who are unknown are not heroes?（我喜欢歌词的最后一句，谁说站在光明里的人是英雄，而如果没有闪光，那些默默无闻的人不是英雄?）”，“The lonely brave people are those who are not afraid of hardships and risk their lives to cut thorns for others or themselves. They dare to fight and fight against fate.（孤勇者是那些不畏艰辛，冒着生命危险为别人或自己披荆斩棘的人。他们敢于与命运抗争和抗争）”，“After listening to the song, I thought of the delivery boy. Go? Is it worthy? This ragged cloak(披风). Fight? Fight! With the humble dreams, they all play the role of ordinary people in their lives and try to fight for their dreams.（听了这首歌，我想到了外卖小哥。去吗？值得吗？这件破烂的斗篷, 战吗？战啊！带着卑微的梦想。他们都在生活中扮演着普通人的角色，努力为自己的梦想而战）”可以推论出，《孤勇者》这首歌在小学生中流行的原因是它的歌词令人鼓舞。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章中几个孩子说的话和最后一段“The lonely hero in everyone’s heart is different, but they are all those who shine in the dark without expecting anything in return.（每个人心中的孤独英雄都是不同的，但他们都是那些在黑暗中发光而不求回报的人）”可知，孩子们心目中的孤勇者是那些勇敢且无私奉献的人。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、心理健康、教育、幸福 1．(24-25高二上·云南西双版纳傣族第一中学等四校·期末) The Art of Effective Communication In today’s interconnected world, effective communication is not just a skill, but a necessity. Whether we are at work, at school, or in our personal lives, the ability to express our thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully is of vital importance. Effective communication begins with understanding the audience. Before we speak or write, it is important to consider who we are communicating with and what their needs, expectations, and emotions might be. This awareness helps us to tailor our message in a way that is most likely to be understood and appreciated. Active listening is another key element of effective communication. It involves giving full attention to the speaker, showing empathy, and avoiding interruptions. Active listening not only helps us to fully grasp the speaker’s intended meaning, but also shows our respect for their point of view. Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received. A smile, a nod, or a raised eyebrow can convey a message that words alone cannot express. Therefore, it is important to be aware of our own non-verbal cues and how they might be understood by others. Feedback(反馈) is another crucial aspect of effective communication. It allows us to assess how well our message has been understood and received. Constructive feedback can help us to improve our communication skills and better meet the needs of our audience. In conclusion, effective communication is a multifaceted (多方面的) skill that requires attention to both verbal and non-verbal elements. By understanding our audience, practicing active listening, being aware of our non-verbal cues, and seeking feedback, we can greatly improve our ability to communicate effectively with others. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element of effective communication? A．Active listening. B．Being aware of non-verbal cues. C．Understanding the audience. D．Avoiding eye contact. 3．Why is understanding the audience important for effective communication? A．It helps us avoid making mistakes in our daily life. B．It enables us to express more complex thoughts. C．It allows us to adjust our message for better understanding. D．It makes us more confident and comfortable in communication. 4．What is the purpose of seeking feedback in communication? A．To make a deep impression on the audience. B．To figure out how well others understand and accept our message. C．To avoid giving constructive suggestions. D．To make our communication more interesting. 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Non-verbal communication is more important than verbal communication. B．People with poor communication skills don’t need feedback. C．If we ignore non-verbal cues, our communication may not be as effective. D．Understanding the audience is the most important element in communication. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有效沟通的重要性以及有效沟通的关键要素，包括了解受众、积极倾听、注意非语言沟通和寻求反馈等。 1．细节理解题。文章第二段“Effective communication begins with understanding the audience(有效的沟通始于了解受众)”提到了理解受众是有效沟通的要素；第三段“Active listening is another key element of effective communication(积极倾听是有效沟通的另一个关键要素)”提到了积极倾听是有效沟通的要素；第四段“Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received(非言语沟通，如肢体语言和面部表情，在我们传递的信息被接收的方式中也起着重要作用)”提到了注意非言语暗示是有效沟通的要素。而文中未提及避免眼神接触是有效沟通的要素。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Before we speak or write, it is important to consider who we are communicating with and what their needs, expectations, and emotions might be. This awareness helps us to tailor our message in a way that is most likely to be understood and appreciated(在我们说话或写作之前，考虑我们交流的对象是谁，他们的需求、期望和情绪可能是什么是很重要的。这种意识有助于我们调整信息的方式，使其最有可能被理解和欣赏)”可知，理解受众能让我们调整自己的信息以便更好地被理解。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Feedback (反馈) is another crucial aspect of effective communication. It allows us to assess how well our message has been understood and received(反馈是有效沟通的另一个关键方面。它使我们能够评估我们的信息被理解和接受的程度)”可知，在沟通中寻求反馈的目的是了解他人对我们信息的理解和接受程度。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received. A smile, a nod, or a raised eyebrow can convey a message that words alone cannot express(非言语沟通，如肢体语言和面部表情，在我们传递的信息被接收的方式中也起着重要的作用。一个微笑、点头或扬眉吐气都能传达出仅用言语无法表达的信息)”可知，非言语沟通在信息传递中很重要，一个微笑、点头或扬眉吐气都能传达出仅用言语无法表达的信息。由此推知，如果忽略非言语暗示，我们的沟通可能就不会那么有效。故选C项。 2．(24-25高二上·云南西双版纳傣族第一中学等四校·期末)Many farmers in China are exploring new career paths. From drone (无人机)operators to social media influencers, new types of occupations taken on by Chinese farmers not only bring higher incomes but also put new life into China’s rural area. In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative(农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones. The cooperative now has over 100 sets of machinery and equipment and more than 20 staff members. Many young people ask Yu to teach them how to fly drones. As a short-video craze sweeps China, many farmers are becoming enthusiastic about sharing their lives online. Livestreaming has become a new farming tool, allowing farmers to reap the benefits of selling goods directly to urban consumers. Holding a plate of dried sweet potatoes, Zhang Chuanfeng stood in front of a mobile phone to introduce the local products. The 40-year-old farmer is 1.4 meters tall and was worried about his future after struggling in various jobs because he is too short. However, his transition has been a success. With the support of the local government, Zhang rented a stall and opened his online business. To improve his marketing skills, he attended training courses and learned from other online streamers. In April 2020, Zhang started livestreaming sales. The products received positive feedback from the market, and that encouraged Zhang to include more types of local specialties in his sales. His hard work paid off. Now Zhang has over 90,000 followers on the Douyin short-video platform. He made 5 million yuan from sales of local specialties last year. He also volunteered to help locals sell other products including honey, organic eggs and fish through livestreaming. “Through my efforts, I have lifted my family out of poverty, which was unimaginable before,” Zhang said. “Compared to professional livestreamers, we are just at the primary stage. I hope more professionals will join us and we can build our brand.” 2．What did Yu Xiaojun do in April 2016? A．He became a social media influencer after he learned to operate drones. B．He set up an an agricultural machinery services union with friends. C．He started to use drones for his own small farm. D．He successfully explored new career paths for all Chinese farmers. 3．The underlined word “craze” in the fourth paragraph most probably means ____________. A．fashion B．danger C．problem D．challenge 4．What was a barrier to Zhang Chuanfeng’s career? A．His knowledge. B．His identity. C．His height. D．His background. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Chinese farmers are facing difficulties in agriculture. B．The new technology has brought more problems to Chinese farmers. C．Chinese farmers are seeking new job paths and tech for success. D．Chinese farmers must rely on social media to increase incomes. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国许多农民正在探索新的职业道路，从无人机操作员到社交媒体影响者，这些新职业不仅为农民带来了更高的收入，还为中国的农村地区注入了新的活力。文章通过两个具体的例子，展示了农民如何利用新技术和新平台来改善生活和增加收入。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative (农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones(2016年4月，28岁的余晓军与朋友们合伙成立了一个农业机械服务合作社，为大型农场提供包括播种、作物保护和收割在内的无人机服务)”可知，余小军和他的朋友们成立了一个农机服务合作社，为大型农场提供包括播种、作物保护和使用无人机收割等服务，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“many farmers are becoming enthusiastic about sharing their lives online. Livestreaming has become a new farming tool, allowing farmers to reap the benefits of selling goods directly to urban consumers(许多农民热衷于在网上分享他们的生活。直播已成为一种新的农业工具，使农民能够直接向城市消费者销售商品并从中受益)” 可知，随着短视频的某种情况席卷中国，许多农民开始热衷于在网上分享他们的生活，可推测“craze”意思是“热潮；时尚”，与A选项“fashion(时尚；潮流)”意思相近，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The 40-year-old farmer is 1.4 meters tall and was worried about his future after struggling in various jobs because he is too short(这位40岁的农民身高1.4米，曾因个子太矮而在各种工作中挣扎，并为此担忧自己的未来)”可知，张传峰身高1.4米，由于太矮，在尝试了各种工作后，他对自己的未来感到担忧。所以他职业生涯的一个障碍是他的身高，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many farmers in China are exploring new career paths. From drone (无人机) operators to social media influencers, new types of occupations taken on by Chinese farmers not only bring higher incomes but also put new life into China’s rural area(许多中国农民正在探索新的职业道路。从无人机操作员到社交媒体影响者，中国农民所从事的新型职业不仅带来了更高的收入，也为中国农村地区注入了新的活力)”、第二段“In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative (农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones(2016年4月，28岁的余晓军与朋友们合伙成立了一个农业机械服务合作社，为大型农场提供包括播种、作物保护和收割在内的无人机服务)”以及最后一段“Compared to professional livestreamers, we are just at the primary stage. I hope more professionals will join us and we can build our brand(与专业主播相比，我们仍处于初级阶段。我希望更多专业人士加入我们，共同打造我们的品牌)”可知文章讲述了中国许多农民正在探索新的职业道路，这些新职业带来了更高收入并为农村注入新活力。接着文章通过余小军成立农机服务合作社和张传峰通过直播销售当地特产脱贫的例子进一步说明了中国农民在寻求新的职业道路和利用新技术取得成功。C选项 “Chinese farmers are seeking new job paths and tech for success(中国农民正在寻求新的职业道路和技术以获得成功)”表达的含义符合文章主旨，故选C。 3．(24-25高二上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)When you’ve reached the top of your game, where can you go next? It’s a question that troubles the main character of Taylor Jenkins Reid’s latest novel, the 1990s-set tennis drama Carrie Soto Is Back, coming August 30. Carrie, 37, steps out of retirement to reclaim the record that made her a legend, just tied by a young player. With 20 Grand Slams (大满贯) to her name, she’s desperate to live up to the reputation for dominance she once believed was beyond doubt but now feels slipping away, forcing her to reconsider if she’s expecting too much of herself in an attempt to prove her worth to the world. Reid, 38, knows these feelings well. She’s been working for a decade, producing book after book, the last three of which, part of a quartet (四部曲) about famous women, have finally made the author a household name. Carrie Soto is the final book of the bundle. Each of the books centres an aggressive character managing the tensions between her charming life in the public eye and the pressures she feels in private. And each captures a specific time and place, with Reid skilfully collecting small yet meaningful details to help build immersive (身临其境的) worlds. For Carrie Soto, that meant learning about a sport she had barely ever watched, let alone played; reading on game strategy and technique; studying different playing styles and court surfaces; and watching old matches, absorbing the language of commentators. Reid brings this intensity to all her eight books in the last nine years. But now that her quartet is finished, Reid is determined to rest. It’s fitting, then, that the author decided to end the quartet with a story about a woman struggling with her constant pursuit of success — and finally realizing it might just be too much. "This isn’t really a story about whether Carrie can win a Slam," she says. "It’s about whether she can stop climbing mountains." 2．Which of the following can best describe Carrie before she retired? A．Selfish and confident. B．Modest and gentle. C．Determined and ambitious. D．Conservative and demanding. 3．Which of the following is true about the novel? A．It is set in the present. B．The author is a retired tennis player. C．The story discusses how to get to the top. D．It centres a record-holder defending her honour. 4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The leading character of the novel. B．The pressure Carrie faces. C．The efforts Reid put into writing. D．The details of the story’s background. 5．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To tell a tennis player’s story. B．To call attention to famous women. C．To introduce a newly written book. D．To argue for less success addiction. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Taylor Jenkins Reid的最新小说《Carrie Soto Is Back》，并探讨了小说的主题和创作背景。小说讲述了主角Carrie Soto在退役后重新回到网球场，试图捍卫她作为传奇选手的荣誉。文章还通过作者的创作过程，揭示了小说背后关于成功、自我价值和内心压力的深刻主题。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Carrie, 37, steps out of retirement to reclaim the record that made her a legend, just tied by a young player. With 20 Grand Slams（大满贯）to her name, she's desperate to live up to the reputation for dominance she once believed was beyond doubt but now feels slipping away, forcing her to reconsider if she's expecting too much of herself in an attempt to prove her worth to the world.( Carrie，37岁，从退役中复出，试图夺回使她成为传奇的记录——这一记录刚刚被一名年轻选手追平。她拥有20个大满贯冠军头衔，她迫切希望保持曾经被认为不可撼动的统治地位，但现在却感觉这一地位正在逐渐溜走。这迫使她重新考虑，自己是否对自身期望过高，试图向世界证明自己的价值。)”可知，Carrie在退役前是一名传奇网球选手，拥有20个大满贯冠军，并且她渴望捍卫自己的记录，这表明她是一个非常有决心和抱负的人。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段的“It's a question that troubles the main character of Taylor Jenkins Reid's latest novel, the 1990s-set tennis drama Carrie Soto Is Back, coming August 30.(这是Taylor Jenkins Reid最新小说《Carrie Soto Is Back》中主角面临的问题。这部以1990年代为背景的网球小说将于8月30日出版。)”；第二段内容“Carrie, 37, steps out of retirement to reclaim the record that made her a legend, just tied by a young player.( Carrie，37岁，从退役中复出，试图夺回使她成为传奇的记录——这一记录刚刚被一名年轻选手追平。)”和第三段的“Reid, 38, knows these feelings well. She's been working for a decade, producing book after book, the last three of which, part of a quartet（四部曲）about famous women, have finally made the author a household name.( Reid，38岁，对这种感受非常熟悉。她已经工作了十年，一本接一本地创作书籍，其中最近的三部构成了作品一个关于著名女性的四部曲，最终使她成为家喻户晓的作家。)”可知，文章提到小说的背景设定在1990年代（不是现在），因此选项A错误。作者Taylor Jenkins Reid并不是一名退役网球选手，而是通过研究来创作小说的作家，因此选项B错误。小说的核心是Carrie试图捍卫她的记录，而不是讨论如何达到巅峰，因此选项C错误。小说围绕一位记录保持者（Carrie）捍卫她的荣誉展开。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“For Carrie Soto, that meant learning about a sport she had barely ever watched, let alone played; reading on game strategy and technique; studying different playing styles and court surfaces; and watching old matches, absorbing the language of commentators.(对于《Carrie Soto》来说，这意味着她需要学习一项她几乎从未观看过、更别提参与过的运动；阅读比赛策略和技术；研究不同的打球风格和场地；观看旧比赛，吸收评论员的语言。)”可知，主要描述了作者Taylor Jenkins Reid为了创作这部小说所做的努力，包括学习网球知识、阅读比赛策略和技术、研究不同场地和风格，以及观看旧比赛等。因此，这段的主旨是讲述Reid的创作努力。故选C。 4．推理判断题。总管全文，特别是第一段内容“When you've reached the top of your game, where can you go next? It's a question that troubles the main character of Taylor Jenkins Reid's latest novel, the 1990s-set tennis drama Carrie Soto Is Back, coming August 30. (当你已经站在巅峰，接下来还能去哪里？这是Taylor Jenkins Reid最新小说《Carrie Soto Is Back》中主角面临的问题。这部以1990年代为背景的网球小说将于8月30日出版。)”可知，文章的主要目的是介绍Taylor Jenkins Reid即将出版的新书《Carrie Soto Is Back》，并通过对作者和小说内容的描述，吸引读者的兴趣。故选C。 4．(23-24高二上·云南师范大学附属中学·期末)The ocean covers more than 70% of the planet, making the deep sea one of the largest habitats on Earth. Many of the fish living in the depths of the ocean look like the scary aliens in the horror films, with giant teeth, glow-in-the-dark bodies and bulging eyeballs. But why do these fish have such otherworldly features? The strange appearance of deep-sea fish is largely a reflection of the extreme environment they live in. Most of the deep ocean, which starts 200 meters below the surface, has little to no light, high pressure systems, low food availability, and is much colder than the rest of the ocean, with an average temperature just above freezing at 4 degrees Celsius. “The deep sea is a really harsh place to make a living, so a lot of animals have really had to adapt some niche adaptations to survive in that environment,” Mary MeCarthy, a fish biologist said. Without many opportunities to find food, deep-sea fish have developed traits to help them hunt prey (猎物), one of the most fearsome being a massive set of jaws. For example, Sloane’s viperfish (蝰鱼) has sharp teeth that are so large that it cannot close its mouth. These sharp teeth are also clear, which means they can hide their weapons from prey until it’s too late. Other deep-sea fish like the pelican eels (鹈鹕鳗) have mouths that, when stretched, take up the majority of their bodies so that they can capture and swallow large fish they find in these deep-sea food deserts. Some deep-sea fish have a secret weapon that makes them a prey magnet—the ability to generate their own light. This light can attract prey, in part, because marine creatures may think they are about to swallow a small glowing creature(when really they are about to become the meal). 2．What is Paragraph 1 about? A．The definition of deep-sea fish. B．The phenomenon of strange-looking deep-sea fish. C．The importance of deep-sea fish on the planet. D．The reasons for the appearance of deep-sea fish. 3．Which of the following words can best replace the word “traits” in Paragraph 3? A．Methods. B．Weapons. C．Features. D．Habitats. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The extreme surroundings impact the appearance of deep-sea fish. B．The massive set of jaws can protect the fish from being hunted. C．Most deep-sea fish can generate the light to capture their prey. D．Most deep-sea fish have large and wide mouths. 5．Where can we find this passage? A．In a science magazine. B．In a fashion journal. C．In a tourist handbook. D．In a geography book. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了深海鱼类长相特别的原因。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many of the fish living in the depths of the ocean look like the scary aliens in the horror films, with giant teeth, glow-in-the-dark bodies and bulging eyeballs. But why do these fish have such otherworldly features? (许多生活在海洋深处的鱼看起来就像恐怖电影中可怕的外星人，有着巨大的牙齿，在黑暗中发光的身体和凸起的眼球。但为什么这些鱼有如此超凡脱俗的特征呢? )”可知第一段介绍了深海鱼类奇怪的外表的现象，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“one of the most fearsome being a massive set of jaws. For example, Sloane’s viperfish (蝰鱼) has sharp teeth that are so large that it cannot close its mouth. These sharp teeth are also clear, which means they can hide their weapons from prey until it’s too late. Other deep-sea fish like the pelican eels (鹈鹕鳗) have mouths that, when stretched, take up the majority of their bodies so that they can capture and swallow large fish they find in these deep-sea food deserts. (其中最可怕的是一对巨大的下颚。例如，斯隆的蝰鱼有锋利的牙齿，大到无法合上嘴巴。这些锋利的牙齿也很清晰，这意味着它们可以把武器藏起来，不让猎物发现，直到为时已晚。其他的深海鱼类，比如鹈鹕鳗，它们的嘴伸展时占据了身体的大部分，这样它们就可以捕捉并吞下在深海食物沙漠中发现的大鱼。)”由此可知，这些都是深海鱼的特征，因此推测traits意为“特征”，和features同义，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“The strange appearance of deep-sea fish is largely a reflection of the extreme environment they live in. (深海鱼类的奇特外表在很大程度上反映了它们所处的极端环境。)”和““The deep sea is a really harsh place to make a living, so a lot of animals have really had to adapt some niche adaptations to survive in that environment,” Mary MeCarthy, a fish biologist said. (鱼类生物学家玛丽·麦卡锡(Mary MeCarthy)说：“深海是一个非常恶劣的生存环境，所以很多动物真的必须适应一些生态位适应，才能在那种环境中生存。”)”可知极端的环境影响了深海鱼类的外观。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“The ocean covers more than 70% of the planet, making the deep sea one of the largest habitats on Earth. Many of the fish living in the depths of the ocean look like the scary aliens in the horror films, with giant teeth, glow-in-the-dark bodies and bulging eyeballs. But why do these fish have such otherworldly features? (海洋覆盖了地球表面积的70%以上，使深海成为地球上最大的栖息地之一。许多生活在海洋深处的鱼看起来就像恐怖电影中可怕的外星人，有着巨大的牙齿，在黑暗中发光的身体和凸起的眼球。但为什么这些鱼有如此超凡脱俗的特征呢?) ” 可知本文介绍了深海鱼类长相特别的原因，属于科普类文章，因此我们可能在一本科学杂志上读到，故选A。 5．(23-24高二上·云南保山、文山州·期末)Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology. “Our study found that gum (牙龈) disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage (萎缩) in the hippocampus (海马体), which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症), ”said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph. D．of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan. The study involved 172 people without memory problems. Their average age was 67. Participants had dental exams and took memory tests at the beginning of the study. They also had brain scans to measure the volume of their hippocampus at the beginning of the study. This was measured again four years later. For each participant, researchers counted the number of teeth and checked for the amount of gum disease. Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease were linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1. 3 years of brain aging. “These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth, ”Yamaguchi said. “The findings suggest that controlling the progression of gum disease through regular dental visits is crucial, and that teeth with severe gum disease may need to be removed and replaced with appropriate false ones. ” Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger groups of people. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied to other locations. 2．How did researchers draw the conclusion? A．By consulting experts. B．By making comparisons. C．By carrying out a survey among dentists. D．By conducting experiments in hospitals. 3．It can be inferred from the text that_____. A．gum disease is increasing among people B．doing a routine dental checkup can avoid gum disease C．removing natural teeth is bad for dental health D．keeping teeth healthy is of great importance 4．What is Yamaguchi’s future expectation for the studies? A．Involving people from diverse places in the research. B．Seeking new methods to improve brain health. C．Exploring treatments for gum disease. D．Applying the research to relieve Alzheimer’s disease. 5．What’s the article mainly about? A．A new study of treatment to cure gum disease. B．A new study of the symptoms of brain shrinkage. C．A new study of the benefits of taking good care of one’s teeth. D．A new study finding about the connection between one’s teeth and the brain. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，《神经学》杂志发表的一项研究显示，保护好牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关。 【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease were linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1.3 years of brain aging.(研究人员发现，牙齿的数量和牙龈疾病的数量与大脑左侧海马体的变化有关。对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较少与大脑萎缩速度更快有关，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较多也是如此。在对年龄进行调整后，研究人员发现，对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，由于少了一颗牙齿而增加的大脑萎缩率相当于近一年的大脑衰老。相比之下，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，多一颗牙齿导致的大脑萎缩的增加相当于1.3年的大脑衰老)”可推知，研究人员通过作比较得出了研究结果。故选B项。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology.(根据2023年7月5日发表在《神经学》网络版上的一项研究，好好照顾你的牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关)”及倒数第二段““These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth, ”Yamaguchi said.(山口说:“这些结果强调了保护牙齿健康的重要性，而不仅仅是维护牙齿。”)”可推知，保持牙齿健康是非常重要的。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger groups of people. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied to other locations.(山口说，未来的研究需要在更大的人群中进行。这项研究的局限性在于它是在日本的一个地区进行的，因此结果可能不适用于其他地区)”可知，未来的研究最有可能是对其他地区的人们进行研究。故选A项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容“Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology. “Our study found that gum disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage in the hippocampus, which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer’s disease, ”said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph. D. of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.(根据2023年7月5日发表在《神经学》网络版上的一项研究，好好照顾你的牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关。“我们的研究发现，牙龈疾病和牙齿脱落与海马体的大脑萎缩有关，海马体在记忆和阿尔茨海默病中起着重要作用，”该研究的作者、日本仙台东北大学的Satoshi Yamaguchi博士说)”及下文内容可知，本文是发现牙齿和大脑之间的联系的一项新研究。故选D项。 6．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第三中学·期末)Candy comes in many flavors. Some taste like fruit. Some taste like flowers. Some are chewy, like taffy (太妃糖) and gum. Hard candies are, well, hard! So, they last a long time. But, in spoken English, there are some types of candy that you cannot eat. For example, you can’t eat eye candy. Eye candy is a person-man or woman-who is very good-looking. So, looking at this person is a treat for the eye, just like candy is a treat for the taste buds. Do you hear of candy coat? Of course it is not a coat made of candy. But you can say I don’t candy coat the truth. What does candy-coating something mean? Well, some pills are covered with a coat of thin, sweet candy. The coating makes swallowing the pill easier, and it may hide a bad taste. So, candy coating a difficult truth or situation means you don’t directly discuss its bad parts. After talking about candy you may want to eat some candies. However, some people dislike things that are very sweet, especially adults. But even if you do not like candy, you can still be called a kid in a candy store. This expression means a person is very happy to do something or to simply be somewhere. Imagine a child going from one candy display to the next, not knowing which candy to choose! Talking about children brings us to another expression: as easy as taking candy from a baby. Think about a small, helpless baby holding a piece of candy. Taking it would be very easy—mean, but easy. So, use this expression when you are talking about something that may be simple to do, but probably not right. 2．What does the underlined word “swallowing” mean in English? A．Making. B．Testing. C．Taking. D．Selling. 3．Which of the following expressions means you are doing something with wrong intention? A．Hard candies. B．Candy coat. C．A kid in a candy store. D．As easy as taking candy from a baby. 4．When can you be called a kid in a candy store even if you don’t like sweet things? A．When you don’t know what to choose. B．When you are very content and delighted. C．When you are eating sweet candies happily. D．When you are going from one candy display to another. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．Candy: Enjoy It or Avoid It B．Candies’ Different Flavors C．The Best Candy in the World D．Various Candies in English 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语中一些与糖果相关的一些地道的英语表达。 1．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Well, some pills are covered with a coat of thin, sweet candy.(有些药丸外面覆盖着一层薄薄的糖果)”以及划线词后文“the pill easier, and it may hide a bad taste”可知，药片可能隐藏着糟糕的味道，所以糖衣使药片更容易吞咽。故判断出，划线词的意思是“服（药）”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Talking about children brings us to another expression: as easy as taking candy from a baby. Think about a small, helpless baby holding a piece of candy. Taking it would be very easy—mean, but easy. So, use this expression when you are talking about something that may be simple to do, but probably not right.(谈到孩子，我们会想到另一个短语：as easy as take candy from a baby。想象一个无助的小婴儿拿着一块糖果。拿走它很容易——虽然刻薄，但很容易。所以，当你谈论的事情可能很简单，但可能不正确时，可以使用这个表达)”可知，因此，这个表达一般用在讨论容易做、但不一定正确的事情。所以“As easy as taking candy from a baby.”这个表达是说你在做一件带有错误意图的事情。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, some people dislike things that are very sweet, especially adults. But even if you do not like candy, you can still be called a kid in a candy store. This expression means a person is very happy to do something or to simply be somewhere.(在然而，有些人不喜欢非常甜的东西，尤其是成年人。但即使你不喜欢糖果，你仍然可以被称为“a kid in a candy store”。这个表达的意思是一个人做某事或仅仅是在某个地方就很高兴)”可知，当你非常满足和高兴的时候你可以被称为“a kid in a candy store”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“For example, you can’t eat eye candy. Eye candy is a person-man or woman-who is very good-looking.(例如，你不能吃eye candy。Eye candy是指长得很好看的人)”；第三段“So, candy coating a difficult truth or situation means you don’t directly discuss its bad parts.(所以，candy coating一个困难的事实或情况意味着你不直接讨论它的不好的部分)”；第四段“This expression means a person is very happy to do something or to simply be somewhere.(这个表达的意思是一个人很高兴做某事或仅仅是在某个地方)”以及第五段“So, use this expression when you are talking about something that may be simple to do, but probably not right.(所以，当你谈论的事情可能很简单，但可能不正确时，可以使用这个表达)”可知文章主要介绍了英语中一些与糖果相关的一些地道的英语表达。故文章最佳标题为“英语中的各种‘糖果’”。故选D。 7．(24-25高二上·云南昆明第一中学·期末)There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or years. Sometimes information in the long-term memory is hard to remember. Students taking exams often have this experience. In contrast, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. Dr. Hunter studied short-term memory in rats. He used a special device which had a cage for the rat and three doors. There was a light in each door. First, the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next, one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there. Hunter did this experiment many times. He always turned on the lights in a random order. Hunter’s results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten seconds. Later, Dr. Henning studied how people learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. To begin with, the participants listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the participants took a 15-question test where they circled the word they remembered having in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sounded alike, while others had four choices having the same meaning. Henning found that people with a lower level in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; people with a higher level made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning learners hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced learners hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Repetition contributes to people’s short-term memory. B．The information in long-term memory is easier to forget. C．People can rarely memorize the information learnt when young. D．Students taking exams are experienced in long-term memory. 3．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How the rat experiment was conducted. B．The process of rats’ developing memory. C．Why the rat experiment was carried out. D．The relationship between rats’ memory and intelligence. 4．Who might participate in Dr. Henning’s experiment? A．A Chinese expert in second language learning. B．An American student learning a second language. C．A British teacher teaching English as a second language. D．A Korean employee learning English as a second language. 5．What does Henning’s experiment suggest? A．Beginning learners have a bad memory. B．Beginning learners depend more on short-term memory. C．Advanced learners easily remember words according to their pronunciation. D．Advanced learners can confuse the words just heard with those meaning the same. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类的短时间记忆以及Henning的不同程度英语学习者的记忆实验。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“In contrast, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over.(相比之下，短期记忆中的信息只能保持几秒钟，通常是通过反复重复信息。)”可知，重复有助于人们的短期记忆。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“He used a special device which had a cage for the rat and three doors. There was a light in each door. First, the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next, one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there.(他使用了一种特殊的装置，里面有一个老鼠笼子和三个门。每扇门上都有一盏灯。首先，老鼠被放在封闭的笼子里。接下来，其中一盏灯被打开然后关闭。只有在这扇门那里才有给老鼠吃的东西。关了灯之后，老鼠必须等上一小段时间，然后才能从笼子里放出来。然后，如果它走对了门，就会得到那里的食物作为奖励。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是老鼠实验是怎么进行的，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Later, Dr. Henning studied how people learning English as a second language remember vocabulary.(后来，亨宁博士研究了作为第二语言学习英语的人是如何记忆词汇的。)”可知，参与亨宁博士的实验的可能是把英语作为第二语言学习的韩国职员。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“people with a higher level made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning(水平高的人会在意思相同的单词上犯更多的错误)”可知，亨宁的实验说明了高级学习者会把刚刚听到的单词和意思相同的单词混淆。故选D。 8．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第八中学·期末)What would happen today, if there was an accident at your workplace? Would employees know what to do? Would the injured person get the best possible care? When an accident happens, a first-aid programme that meets the requirements of the law and is made to the type and size of the workplace can really make a difference between life and death, or between recovery and lasting disablement (伤残). Employers should make sure that all employees know where emergency information is posted at the workplace. The emergency notice should show the phone numbers of the closest ambulance service, rescue unit, fire police station, and hospital. The amount of time it takes to look up one of these important numbers can make a big difference to a seriously injured person. The place of first-aid equipment and rescue equipment should also be posted. All workplaces should have a person with first-aid or medical training in case of an emergency. First-aid equipment and supplies, including a variety of dressings and instruments, as well as an up-to-date first-aid book, should be stored where they can be reached quickly and easily in case of an accident. These supplies should be inspected frequently, making sure they are kept in sanitary (卫生的) and usable conditions and re-stored after use. Larger workplaces may need more than one fully-equipped first-aid bag. In lonely workplaces, emergency supplies and an action plan are especially important. At least one person trained in first aid should always be on-site (在现场的). If first aid is not given properly, it can sometimes hurt rather than help an injured person, or even be harmful to the person giving first aid. All workers should know who is trained to give first aid on-site, where first-aid equipment is put, and what medical professionals or medical instruments should be found if a medical emergency happens. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The importance of a proper first-aid programme at the workplace. B．The possibility to make a first-aid programme. C．The requirements of the law about a first-aid programme. D．Difference between the type and size of the workplace. 3．What should you do for a seriously injured person? A．Report the present conditions to the employers. B．Give first aid to him right away all by yourself. C．Look up and call the emergency telephone numbers quickly. D．Run to the rescue centre to get first-aid equipment. 4．Why are first-aid equipment and supplies stored in workplaces? A．To be reached quickly and used to rescue in time. B．To meet the requirements of the government. C．To deal with the inspection of higher departments. D．To make a medical training for the employees. 5．According to the text, what are all workers required to do? A．Be responsible for the result of the injured person. B．Know the exact place of first-aid equipment. C．Be trained to give first aid to the injured in an accident. D．Be far away from the accident place. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了在工作场所也应该配备急救设备，药物，能施救的人员等，也说明了其重要性。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“When an accident happens, a first-aid programme that meets the requirements of the law and is made to the type and size of the workplace can really make a difference between life and death, or between recovery and lasting disablement (伤残). (当事故发生时，符合法律要求并针对工作场所的类型和规模制定的急救计划确实可以在生死之间，或在康复和永久残疾之间产生影响。)”可知，这一段主要介绍了适当的工作场所急救计划的重要性。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段二三句“The emergency notice should show the phone numbers of the closest ambulance service, rescue unit, fire police station, and hospital. The amount of time it takes to look up one of these important numbers can make a big difference to a seriously injured person. (紧急通知应显示最近的救护车服务、救援单位、消防警察局和医院的电话号码。查找这些重要数字所需的时间对严重受伤的人来说会有很大的影响。)”可知，对于受重伤的人而言，尽快拨打急救电话很有必要。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“First-aid equipment and supplies, including a variety of dressings and instruments, as well as an up-to-date first-aid book, should be stored where they can be reached quickly and easily in case of an accident. (急救设备和用品，包括各种敷料和仪器，以及最新的急救手册，应存放在发生事故时可以快速方便地到达的地方。)”可知，急救设备和用品，包括各种敷料和仪器，以及最新的急救手册在工作场所备好，是为了发生事故时，能够快速方便地拿到。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“All workers should know who is trained to give first aid on-site, where first-aid equipment is put, and what medical professionals or medical instruments should be found if a medical emergency happens. (所有工作人员都应该知道谁受过现场急救培训，急救设备放在哪里，如果发生医疗紧急情况，应该找到什么医疗专业人员或医疗器械。)”可知，作者认为所有工作人员都应该知道谁能够实施急救，急救设备放置位置，以及如果发生医疗紧急情况，应该找到什么医疗专业人员或医疗器械。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境、动物、生态 1．(24-25高二上·云南昭通昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)To find food in the darkness, deep-diving whales rely on their built-in sonar, which bounces sound waves off potential prey to reveal their location. But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic pieces like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid — likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition. As it fills marine environments, it’s also showing up in the guts of marine mammals across hundreds of reported cases, damaging their stomach tissues and causing infection, suffocation, and malnutrition (营养不良) to the point of starvation. Washed-up whales carry tens of pounds of plastic trash in their stomachs. In May, the team strung the items to a rig underneath the boat and hit them with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by a university at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a stranded sperm whale’s stomach. The team found all tested plastic items returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid. “They don’t really chew and taste like us… it’s more like suction,” says Laura Redaelli, a Ph. D．student in marine biology and the lead author of the June study. As soon as inedible items enter their mouths, she says, “it’s a little bit too late for them to realize.” And why would they? Before plastic existed, Redaelli and her colleagues note, anything a whale encountered in the deep ocean that returned a strong enough echo was probably biological — and likely edible. And it’s important research, considering the growing amount of junk in the ocean and the consequences to animals who consume it. Plastics manufacturers could try engineering plastics to be less acoustically (听觉上) similar to prey. Another solution might swap existing plastics for biodegradable materials that break down rapidly in the ocean or in whale stomachs. 2．Why do whales confuse plastic for prey? A．They can reveal its location easily. B．Plastic looks like a delicious squid. C．It’s too dark to distinguish plastic from prey. D．Plastic and squids bear the similar returned echoes. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? A．The process of the research. B．The result of the research. C．The reasons of this phenomenon. D．The potential effects of the research. 4．What can we infer, according to Laura Redaelli? A．Everything is edible after plastic existed. B．Whales can’t recognize plastic timely. C．It’s never too late for whales to realize the plastic. D．Whales chew and taste food before it enters their stomachs. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Solve Plastic Bags in Ocean? B．Why Are Whales Eating Plastic Bags? C．Why does Plastic Bear Similar Sound to Squid? D．What Effects does the Plastic have on Ocean Creatures? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了深海鲸鱼如何通过声呐系统寻找食物，但由于塑料垃圾的回声与鱿鱼相似，导致鲸鱼误食塑料，进而对它们的健康造成严重危害。文章还提到了一些可能的解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study suggests plastic pieces like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid—likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition.(一项新研究表明，塑料袋等塑料制品与鱿鱼的回声非常相似，这可能是由于它们的形状、大小、风化程度和化学成分的综合作用)”可知，塑料和鱿鱼的回声相似，导致鲸鱼误食。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In May, the team strung the items to a rig underneath the boat and hit them with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by a university at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a stranded sperm whale’s stomach. The team found all tested plastic items returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid.(五月，研究团队将塑料制品挂在船下的装置上，并用齿鲸捕猎时使用的频率对它们发射声波。他们重复了这一过程，对由教堂山大学提供的五只死鱿鱼尸体以及从一只搁浅的抹香鲸胃中取出的五只鱿鱼喙进行了测试。研究团队发现，所有测试的塑料制品返回的回声与鱿鱼的回声一样强，甚至更强。）可知，该段主要描述了研究的过程。故选A 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“As soon as inedible items enter their mouths, she says, “it’s a little bit too late for them to realize.”(她表示，一旦不可食用的物品进入它们的口中，“它们意识到时已经有点晚了”)”可知，鲸鱼无法及时识别塑料。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。主要讲述了深海鲸鱼如何通过声呐系统寻找食物，但由于塑料垃圾的回声与鱿鱼相似，导致鲸鱼误食塑料，进而对它们的健康造成严重危害。文章还提到了一些可能的解决方案。故B项“为什么鲸鱼要吃塑料袋？”切题。故选B项。 2．(24-25高二上·云南昭通昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)To find food in the darkness, deep-diving whales rely on their built-in sonar, which bounces sound waves off potential prey to reveal their location. But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic pieces like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid — likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition. As it fills marine environments, it’s also showing up in the guts of marine mammals across hundreds of reported cases, damaging their stomach tissues and causing infection, suffocation, and malnutrition (营养不良) to the point of starvation. Washed-up whales carry tens of pounds of plastic trash in their stomachs. In May, the team strung the items to a rig underneath the boat and hit them with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by a university at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a stranded sperm whale’s stomach. The team found all tested plastic items returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid. “They don’t really chew and taste like us... it’s more like suction,” says Laura Redaelli, a Ph. D．student in marine biology and the lead author of the June study. As soon as inedible items enter their mouths, she says, “it’s a little bit too late for them to realize.” And why would they? Before plastic existed, Redaelli and her colleagues note, anything a whale encountered in the deep ocean that returned a strong enough echo was probably biological — and likely edible. And it’s important research, considering the growing amount of junk in the ocean and the consequences to animals who consume it. Plastics manufacturers could try engineering plastics to be less acoustically (听觉上) similar to prey. Another solution might swap existing plastics for biodegradable materials that break down rapidly in the ocean or in whale stomachs. 2．Why do whales confuse plastic for prey? A．They can reveal its location easily. B．Plastic looks like a delicious squid. C．It’s too dark to distinguish plastic from prey. D．Plastic and squids bear the similar returned echoes. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? A．The process of the research. B．The result of the investigation. C．The reasons of this phenomenon. D．The potential effects of the research. 4．What can we infer, according to Laura Redaelli? A．Everything is edible after plastic existed. B．Whales can’t recognize plastic timely. C．It’s never too late for whales to realize the plastic. D．Whales chew and taste food before it enters their stomachs. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Solve Plastic Bags in Ocean? B．Why Are Whales Eating Plastic Bags? C．Why does Plastic Bear Similar Sound to Squid? D．What Effects does the Plastic have on Ocean Creatures? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文聚焦于鲸鱼为什么会吃塑料，并分析原因，以此呼吁保护海洋。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic pieces like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid — likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition.(但对这些鲸鱼来说，漂浮在海洋中的塑料垃圾也可能“听起来”就像美味的鱿鱼。一项新的研究表明，像购物袋这样的塑料制品与鱿鱼的“回声”非常相似，这可能是由于它们的形状、大小、风化程度和化学成分的某种组合)”可知，鲸鱼误食塑料是因为塑料在海里的回声和鲸鱼的猎物回声相似， 故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In May, the team strung the items to a rig underneath the boat and hit them with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by a university at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a stranded sperm whale’s stomach. The team found all tested plastic items returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid.(今年5月，该团队将这些物品串在船下的一个钻井平台上，并用齿鲸用来捕猎的频率的声波撞击它们。他们在教堂山大学提供的五具乌贼尸体上重复了这个过程，还有从搁浅的抹香鲸胃里取出的五只乌贼喙。研究小组发现，所有被测试的塑料物品返回的回声都和鱿鱼一样强，甚至更强)”可知，第三段主要讲述的是研究的过程，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As soon as inedible items enter their mouths, she says, “it’s a little bit too late for them to realize.” And why would they? Before plastic existed, Redaelli and her colleagues note, anything a whale encountered in the deep ocean that returned a strong enough echo was probably biological — and likely edible.(她说，当不能吃的东西进入他们的嘴里时，“他们意识到这有点晚了。”他们为什么要这么做？Redaelli和她的同事们指出，在塑料出现之前，鲸鱼在深海中遇到的任何能发出足够强回声的东西都可能是生物的，而且很可能是可食用的)”可知，鲸鱼来不及辨别是塑料就吞进肚子了，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic pieces like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid — likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition.(但对这些鲸鱼来说，漂浮在海洋中的塑料垃圾也可能“听起来”就像美味的鱿鱼。一项新的研究表明，像购物袋这样的塑料制品与鱿鱼的“回声”非常相似，这可能是由于它们的形状、大小、风化程度和化学成分的某种组合)”以及文章主要围绕鲸鱼为什么会吃塑料，分析了鲸鱼为什么不能及时辨别塑料的原因，最后给出解决办法可知，B选项“为什么鲸鱼吃塑料袋？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 3．(24-25高二上·云南云南师范大学附属中学·期末)Cows love having an open area of grassland to graze on. But in some parts of the world, this is only possible during the summer. In the winter months, it can become too cold for cows to safely stay outside, so they are kept in a large farm building for warmth. Being stuck inside is not always pleasant for the cattle, and their unhappiness is closely connected to less milk production. For this reason, some cattle owners have fitted their cows with VR headsets that run a program specifically. The program simulates grassland in summer and was designed specifically for the way that cows get color and light. According to the National Library of Medicine, cattle see shades of red the easiest but have a hard time distinguishing between blue and green. Reports from a farm in Moscow, Russia — where the VR headsets were first developed by vets — found in 2019 that the cows that used the VR headsets saw a decrease in anxiety and an improved mood. This led to an increase in milk production; which went from 5.8 gallons to 7 gallons a day. Cattle owner Izzet Kocak from Aksaray, Turkey, heard about this experiment and tried the VR headsets on his cows in December 2021. When Kocak put the headsets on his cows, he found an improvement in the emotional well-being of his animals. “They are watching an area of grassland, and it gives them an emotional boost. They are less stressed,” he said. The technology is now being passed around the world. According to the BBC, the headsets were made specifically for the “structural features of cow heads” by vets, and the animals were shown a “unique summer field simulation program”. The familiar sight of an area of grassland is enough to improve the mood of the entire herd. Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation says that research has shown a link between a cow’s emotional state and its milk production. They stated, “Examples of dairy farms from different countries show that in a calm atmosphere, the quantity of milk increases markedly.” 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The cows can produce milk normally in the winter. B．The cows prefer to live in a misty environment. C．The VR headsets operate a unique program. D．The VR headsets only display three colors. 3．What’s the result of cows’ wearing the VR headsets? A．They could distinguish between blue and green. B．Their milk production rose accordingly. C．Their physical health improved greatly. D．They could adapt to winter easily. 4．What concept is behind the VR headset program? A．High tech is necessary in the dairy field. B．A silent environment helps cows stay healthy. C．Natural grassland is better for the milk quality. D．A cow with good moods can produce more milk. 5．Which can be the best title for this passage? A．Keeping cows inside benefits a lot. B．VR headsets boost milk production. C．VR technology sees farming development. D．Depressed emotion affects the quality of milk. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述冬季奶牛因困于室内不开心致产奶量低，给奶牛戴VR头显模拟草原，可改善情绪，提高产奶量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“For this reason, some cattle owners have fitted their cows with VR headsets that run a program specifically. The program simulates grassland in summer and was designed specifically for the way that cows get color and light.(因为这原因，一些养牛户给他们的奶牛戴上了专门运行一个程序的VR头显。这个程序模拟夏天的草原，并且是专门根据奶牛感知颜色和光线的方式设计的。)”可知，VR头显运行一个独特的程序。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Reports from a farm in Moscow, Russia—where the VR headsets were first developed by vets— found in 2019 that the cows that used the VR headsets saw a decrease in anxiety and an improved mood. This led to an increase in milk production; which went from 5.8 gallons to 7 gallons a day.(来自俄罗斯莫斯科一个农场的报告 ——VR 头显最初由兽医在那里研发 —— 在2019年发现，使用 VR 头显的奶牛焦虑感降低，情绪得到改善。这导致了产奶量的增加，每天的产奶量从5.8加仑增加到7加仑。)”可知，奶牛戴上VR头显后产奶量相应增加。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation says that research has shown a link between a cow’s emotional state and its milk production. They stated, ‘Examples of dairy farms from different countries show that in a calm atmosphere, the quantity of milk increases markedly.’(俄罗斯联邦农业部表示，研究表明奶牛的情绪状态与产奶量之间存在联系。他们指出，‘不同国家的奶牛场实例表明，在平静的氛围中，牛奶产量显著增加。’)”以及前文提到奶牛戴上VR头显后情绪改善进而产奶量增加，可推断出VR头显项目背后的理念是心情好的奶牛能产更多奶。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第二段“For this reason, some cattle owners have fitted their cows with VR headsets that run a program specifically. The program simulates grassland in summer and was designed specifically for the way that cows get color and light.(因为这原因，一些养牛户给他们的奶牛戴上了专门运行一个程序的VR头显。这个程序模拟夏天的草原，并且是专门根据奶牛感知颜色和光线的方式设计的。)”可知，文章主要讲述了一些养牛户给奶牛戴上VR头显，运行模拟夏天草原的独特程序，改善了奶牛的情绪，进而提高了产奶量。所以B选项“VR headsets boost milk production.(VR 头显提高牛奶产量)”能准确概括文章主旨。故选B项。 4．(23-24高二上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Cats and many other animals, including most dogs, can reflect light from their eyes. That’s why cats’ eyes will usually shine brightly in photos taken in a dimly lit room or glow when lightened in the dark by a flashlight or a car’s headlights. Species whose eyes glow have evolved to see better in low light because they either forage or need to look out for predators (天敌) throughout the night, or they do most of their hunting at dawn and dusk. In fact, domesticated cats can see in conditions that are only 16% as bright as what people require. Cats accomplish this because their pupils (瞳孔) — the openings that appear black in the middle of their eyes that widen and narrow in response to light conditions—are special. Pupils operate like windows, with bigger ones letting more light into the eye. And a cat’s pupils can become up to 50% larger than human pupils in dim light. They also have a higher number of a specific type of light-sensing cell in the back of their eyes than we do. These cells, called rods (杆细胞), catch low-level light. In addition to having large pupils and lots of rods, cats have something people don’t: a tapetum lucidum (荧光膜), a Latin medical term that translates to “bright or shining tapestry”. The tapetum lucidum is also known as “eyeshine”. It’s located in the back of the eye behind the retina (视网膜) — a thin layer of tissue that receives light, converts the light to an electrical signal and sends this signal to the brain to interpret the image． A cat’s tapetum lucidum is made up of cells with crystals that, like a mirror, reflect light back to the retina. This gives the retina a second chance to absorb more light. In cats, the tapetum most often glows yellow-green or yellow-orange, but the color varies, just like their irises (虹膜) — the colorful part of their eye, which can be green, yellow, blue or golden. Variation in tapetum color is not unique to cats and can be found in lots of species. 2．The underlined word “forage” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______”. A．perceive B．hunt C．sign D．assess 3．According to the passage, a cat’s pupils ______. A．can reflect lights B．can absorb more light C．can widen and narrow D．can convert light to a signal 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How do Cats’ Pupils Work? B．How do Cats’ Eyes Reflect Light? C．Why do Cats’ Pupils Appear Black? D．Why do Cats’ Eyes Glow in the Dark? 5．We can probably find this passage in ______. A．a travel journal B．a science magazine C．a technology report D．an admission guide 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了猫的眼睛在黑暗中发光的原因。 1．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“or need to look out for predators (天敌) throughout the night, or they do most of their hunting at dawn and dusk (或者需要注意捕食者，要么在黎明和黄昏进行大部分狩猎)”可知，它们要么在夜间觅食，要么需要注意捕食者，要么在黎明和黄昏进行大部分狩猎，所以划线词的含义为“狩猎”。A. perceive感知；B. hunt狩猎；C. sign手势；D. assess评估。故选B。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Cats accomplish this because their pupils —the openings that appear black in the middle of their eyes that widen and narrow in response to light conditions—are special. (猫之所以能做到这一点，是因为它们的瞳孔是特殊的——眼睛中间的黑色开口，随着光线的变化而变宽或缩小)”可知，猫的瞳孔可以变宽和变窄。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Cats and many other animals, including most dogs, can reflect light from their eyes.    That’s why cats’ eyes will usually shine brightly in photos taken in a dimly lit room or glow when lightened in the dark by a flashlight or a car’s headlights. (猫和许多其他动物，包括大多数狗，可以反射眼睛里的光。这就是为什么在光线昏暗的房间里拍摄的照片中，猫的眼睛通常会发出明亮的光芒，或者在黑暗中被手电筒或汽车前灯照亮时会发光)”可知，文章主要说明了猫的眼睛在黑暗中发光的原因。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Cats and many other animals, including most dogs, can reflect light from their eyes. That’s why cats’ eyes will usually shine brightly in photos taken in a dimly lit room or glow when lightened in the dark by a flashlight or a car’s headlights. (猫和许多其他动物，包括大多数狗，可以反射眼睛里的光。这就是为什么在光线昏暗的房间里拍摄的照片中，猫的眼睛通常会发出明亮的光芒，或者在黑暗中被手电筒或汽车前灯照亮时会发光。)”可知，文章主要说明了猫的眼睛在黑暗中发光的原因，所以可能在科学杂志上看到这篇文章。故选B。 5．(23-24高二上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)A year after he died at 17, a young man’s love of helping others lives on through a foundation. The Benjamin Canlas Courage to be Kind Foundation gives away bikes to Filipinos who are struggling to hold on to jobs in a country undergoing difficult times. Benjamin Canlas was always warm-hearted. One time, he saw a food seller riding an old bicycle. Its pedals were missing. To help, Benjamin let the man ride his bike and used his own savings to send the seller’s bike to a bicycle shop for restoration. After Benjamin’s death, his parents George and Glennda Canlas created the foundation in memory of the young man and his kindness, seeing it as a way to connect donors with those in need. In the Philippines, many jobs have been lost this year. This has left thousands of Filipinos taking odd jobs. With restricted public transportation, many people have to walk for hours to do these jobs. The Canlases had the idea to give away bikes to individuals nominated (提名) by their peers or loved ones. When the giveaway contest was announced on social media, they did not know how much interest there would be and planned to give away seven bicycles at first. But they received over 50 nominations. “We didn’t expect that, uncertain whether what we do is of any practical value,” said Glennda. “But now we’re determined.” One bike owner is Camilla, a mother of a 2-year-old. When her husband’s work was put on hold, she started selling and delivering food. Camilla said the bike was a big help and she was “so happy” that she didn’t have to walk so far anymore. Even as the contest ended, nominations continued to pour in. The foundation said there are people still in need. Now it is working on launching more sustainable projects that will help more while also inspiring others to pay it forward. “We live in a world where it takes courage to be kind,” said Glennda. “Our goal would be from ‘courage to be kind’, and create a world where kindness does not require courage—it is simply the thing we all do.” 2．What did Benjamin do after seeing the seller riding an old bike? A．He sent money to the seller. B．He had the old bike repaired. C．He gave his own bike to the seller. D．He bought a new bike to the seller. 3．The Canlases set up the foundation to ______. A．continue their son’s wishes B．memorize Benjamin Canlas C．connect donors with the poor D．help the unemployed get jobs 4．Why does the author mention Camilla? A．To show impacts of the country’s tough situation. B．To appeal for attention to the people in need. C．To illustrate being kind does require courage. D．To state the difference made by the good deed. 5．What is the foundation aimed at now? A．Providing more bikes to the people in need. B．Encouraging everyone to be courageous. C．Initiating other sustainable organizations. D．Turning kindness into a usual thing. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了本杰明·坎拉斯勇气慈善基金会向菲律宾人赠送自行车，这些人在这个经历困难时期的国家努力保住工作。文章解释了这个基金会建立的原因以及基金会的善举所带来的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“One time, he saw a food seller riding an old bicycle. Its pedals were missing. To help, Benjamin let the man ride his bike and used his own savings to send the seller’s bike to a bicycle shop for restoration.(有一次，他看见一个卖食品的人骑着一辆旧自行车。它的踏板不见了。为了帮忙，本杰明让那个人骑了他的自行车，并用自己的积蓄把卖家的自行车送到自行车店修复)”可知，本杰明看到商贩骑着一辆旧自行车后，把那辆旧自行车修好了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After Benjamin’s death, his parents George and Glennda Canlas created the foundation in memory of the young man and his kindness, seeing it as a way to connect donors with those in need.(本杰明死后，他的父母乔治和格伦达·坎拉斯创建了这个基金会，以纪念这个年轻人和他的善良，并将其视为一种将捐赠者与需要帮助的人联系起来的方式)”可知，坎拉斯一家建立基金会是为了纪念本杰明·坎拉斯。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One bike owner is Camilla, a mother of a 2-year-old. When her husband’s work was put on hold, she started selling and delivering food. Camilla said the bike was a big help and she was “so happy” that she didn’t have to walk so far anymore. (卡米拉是一位自行车车主，她是一位两岁孩子的母亲。当她丈夫的工作被搁置后，她就开始卖菜送货。卡米拉说，自行车帮了她大忙，她“非常高兴”，因为她再也不用走那么远的路了)”可推知，作者提到卡米拉是为了陈述善行所带来的影响。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Our goal would be from ‘courage to be kind’, and create a world where kindness does not require courage—it is simply the thing we all do.”(“我们的目标是‘从勇气到善良’，创造一个善良不需要勇气的世界——这只是我们都在做的事情。”)”可知，基金会现在的目标是把善良变成一件平常的事。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 说明文 阅读理解C篇 以下汇编的阅读理解C篇说明文，按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、企业发展、跨文化沟通、社会趋势 1.介绍一种通过基因疗法治疗白血病的新方法 难度：0.85 2.介绍鼠标和键盘游戏对技能发展的作用 难度：0.65 3.介绍Luxottica公司向智能眼镜和助听眼镜领域的战略发展 难度：0.65 4.介绍美国城市本地化粮食生产潜力的研究 难度：0.65 5.介绍通过分析手机化学残留物了解用户信息的研究 难度：0.65 6.介绍美国现代建筑之父弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特的生平与成就 难度：0.65 7.介绍歌曲《孤勇者》的创作背景及其在小学生中流行的原因 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、心理健康、教育、幸福 1.介绍有效沟通的关键要素与技巧 难度：0.65 2.介绍中国农民探索无人机操作、直播等新职业道路的现象 难度：0.65 3.介绍Taylor Jenkins Reid的小说《Carrie Soto Is Back》及其主题 难度：0.65 4.介绍深海鱼类奇特外貌的形成原因 难度：0.65 5.介绍一项关于牙齿健康与大脑健康关联的新研究 难度：0.65 6.介绍英语中与“糖果”相关的几个地道表达及其含义 难度：0.65 7.介绍关于人类短期记忆的实验与研究 难度：0.65 8.介绍工作场所配备急救设备、人员及制定急救方案的重要性与方法 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境、动物、生态 1.介绍鲸鱼因回声相似而误食塑料的科学发现 难度：0.85 2.介绍鲸鱼误食塑料的原因及塑料对海洋生物的危害 难度：0.65 3.介绍通过给奶牛佩戴VR头显改善其情绪以提高产奶量的方法 难度：0.65 4.介绍猫的眼睛在黑暗中发光的原因 难度：0.65 5.介绍Benjamin Canlas勇气慈善基金会及其善举的影响 难度：0.65 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、企业发展、跨文化沟通、社会趋势 1．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第三中学·期末)For as long as we’ve known about it, humans have searched for a cure for cancer. Across the world, countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop this terrible disease. But now, it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA, a government agency that’s responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer. The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune (有免疫力的) cells of sick patients to fight leukemia—a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people. The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as T-cells, which are then changed to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells. The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patient’s leukemia over time, similar to how the body fights off other illnesses. “This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients,” Louis J. DeGennaro, president of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, said in a news release. Up until now, a long and painful marrow transplant (骨髓移植) was the only option for many leukemia patients. In this procedure, healthy blood cells are taken from a donor and placed into the sick patient, who also has to go through chemotherapy (化疗) to allow their body to adjust to the new cells. But with a recovery rate of around 83%—according to a news release published by the FDA—it’s hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers. “We’re entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient’s own cells to attack a deadly cancer,” FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release. “New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses.” 2．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To compare different ways of curing leukemia. B．To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment. C．To explore the potential of gene and cell therapies. D．To show scientists’ efforts in search of a cure for cancer. 3．How does the new treatment for leukemia work? A．By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones. B．By using changed T-cells to destroy cancer cells. C．By removing sick blood cells during a marrow transplant. D．By using chemotherapy to improve the patient’s immune system. 4．What can be inferred about the new therapy for leukemia sufferers? A．It can give them a better chance of survival and recovery. B．It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer. C．It can reduce their pain in the process of the marrow transplant D．It can save them many more trips to the hospital and cause more deaths. 5．From which is the text probably taken? A．A biology textbook. B．A research paper. C．A medical magazine. D．A travel brochure. 2．(24-25高二上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)Mouse and keyboarding games are interactive computer games that require players to use a combination of mouse movements and keyboard inputs. These games are not only entertaining but also beneficial for skill development, particularly for children. They can improve children’s motor skills, cognitive abilities, typing speed, and accuracy. Various genres of mouse and keyboarding games are available, catering to different age groups and skill levels, including educational games, puzzles, typing games, strategy games and point-and-click adventures. Many of these games focus specifically on improving typing skills through typing exercises, word games, and challenges. They can also be highly educational, teaching subjects such as mathematics, language arts, science, and even coding. For instance, games like “CodeCombat,” “Scratch,” “Code.org,” and “Lightbot” introduce programming concepts and logic, serving as a stepping stone for beginners interested in learning to code. Of course, mouse and keyboarding games are not limited to children. Adults can also enjoy these games as a fun and interactive way to challenge themselves, and improve their computing skills. Many games offer multiplayer options, adding a social and competitive aspect to the gaming experience. These games can also serve as effective training tools for professionals in various fields, such as office workers, software developers, and digital artists. They provide gamified approach to skill development in specific areas of technology and computing, such as touch typing, coding, graphic design, video editing, and data entry while users are having fun playing various games. One of the main advantages of using mouse and keyboarding games for skill development is that they are interactive and engaging. They provide instant feedback, track progress, and offer a safe environment for experimentation and learning. These games can also help advancing analytical skills by presenting players with puzzles and challenges that require critical thinking. Furthermore, mouse and keyboarding games can make learning technology and computing more accessible by breaking down complex concepts into bite-sized, interactive challenges. They can contribute to digital literacy by familiarizing users with basic computing skills and making them more comfortable and proficient in using technology. Many of these games are also available on mobile devices, offering convenient access to gaming experiences on the go. 2．Who are mouse and keyboarding games designed mainly for? A．Adults. B．Children. C．Digital artists. D．Office workers. 3．What does the underlined word “gamified” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Child-centered. B．Simplified. C．Game-based. D．Scientific. 4．What is a benefit of playing puzzles? A．Improving motor skills. B．Enhancing interactive abilities. C．Better typing speed and accuracy. D．Improving problem-solving capabilities. 5．How do mouse and keyboarding games make learning technology and computing more accessible? A．By requiring basic technical skills. B．By offering only single-player options. C．By providing complex but interactive challenges. D．By turning complicated concepts into shortened obstacles. 3．(24-25高二上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)Del Vecchio, an Italian entrepreneur who died in 2022, built Luxottica into the world’s largest maker of spectacles (眼镜) and sunglasses. In 2018 he integrated his firm with Essilor, a French lens manufacturer, to create a Franco-Italian corporate (企业) giant. Now Francesco Milleri, who was appointed chief executive of Luxottica in 2017, is looking for the company’s next act. He has two big ideas. First is to become the leader in smart glasses. The ambition is not entirely new: the firm partnered with Google on its Google Glass-an unambiguous failure thanks in part to its awkward interface and foolish design. The device was discontinued in 2015. Essilor Luxottica’s latest attempt at the technology is through Ray-Ban. The first version had only modest success. It hopes that a new version, which has a trendier camera and a longer battery life, will do better. The device can capture and relay what the wearer sees. An in-built virtual assistant can hear and respond to their requests. Mr. Milleri’s second idea is to develop spectacles with built-in hearing aids, which it will launch in August, for those with moderate hearing loss. The company’s spectacles will look no different from other glasses and cost well below the price of a regular hearing aid, says Mr. Milleri. The thinking is not altogether original. The Beltone “Hear-N-See”, one such device, first debuted in 1956. But the idea has never been adopted widely. Mr. Milleri is counting on better technology to change that. It detects where sounds are coming from based on when they are picked up by different microphones. The spectacles then isolate and process the voice of the person the wearer is speaking to and transmit it through tiny built-in speakers. Mr. Milleri’s quest for the concept is personal. Mr. Del Vecchio, who was 87 when he died, suffered from hearing loss and often regretted that hearing aids were uncomfortable to wear with glasses. That inspired Mr. Milleri to pursue the idea. Whether he proves to be far-sighted remains to be seen. 2．What is Essilor Luxottica according to the passage? A．It is a partner of Google. B．It is a branch of Luxottica. C．It is a French lens manufacturer. D．It is a cross-border corporate giant. 3．How is Essilor Luxottica’s latest attempt? A．Improved and interactive. B．Stylish and water-proof. C．Original and light-weight. D．Sensitive and shock-resistant. 4．Which of the following parts is from Milleri’s second idea? A．Removable hearing aids. B．Isolated tiny speakers. C．Sound-detecting microphones. D．Separate voice processors. 5．What would be a suitable title of the passage? A．Strategic Heritage: Luxottica’s Journey into Smart Eyewear B．Luxottica’s Next Chapter: From Visual Spectacles to Beyond C．Francesco Milleri: Far-sighted Chief Executive of Luxottica D．Francesco Milleri’s Vision: Passing down Luxottica’s Legacy 4．(24-25高二上·云南·期末)Many cities in the United States could grow their own food locally, raising enough crops and cattle to meet the needs of all residents. This is the finding of an interesting new modeling study from Tufts University, which analyzed the potential for local food production in 378 areas across the US and expected food production. The researchers found that cities in the Northwest in the United States had the greatest potential to raise their own food. Cities along the Eastern seaside and in the Southwest had the least potential and would not be able to meet all their own needs of diet, even if every acre of agricultural land was used for food production. This makes sense, as many of the cities are coastal and lack room for agricultural spreading. The study revealed that the United States have extra agricultural land for feeding the domestic population. Currently, some land is used to raise export crops, but a focus on local food production would start a conversation about how that land gets used. In the words of Peters, lead author and associate professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts, “It would be important to make sure policies for supporting local or regional food production benefit conservation and create opportunities for farmers to adopt more sustainable (可持续的) practices. Policies should also recognize the ability of the natural resources in a given local or region and consider the supply chain, including ability for food processing and storage.” Although it’s a far cry from the current reality, it is a nice thought to imagine cities surrounded by food production operations that transport freshly harvested food to nearby homes, and then make use of the leftover food to fertilize fields and generate heat for greenhouses. 2．Why do the cities along the Eastern seaside fail to provide enough food? A．Because citizens are unwilling to grow crops. B．Because the methods of food production are wrong. C．Because they don’t have enough land to grow crops. D．Because their climate limits the agricultural production. 3．What will the focus on local food production lead to? A．More job opportunities for citizens. B．Conversations with the local government. C．A discussion on how to make use of land. D．More specific policies about water resources. 4．What does the underlined phrase “a far cry from” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Closely related to. B．Very different from. C．Exactly the same as. D．Slightly different from. 5．What is the best title of this text? A．The US Government Stops Wasting Food B．Cities Learn to Grow Food From the Villages C．Farmers Have More Chances to Be Employed D．Many Cities in the US Can Grow Their Own Food 5．(24-25高二上·云南昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期末)Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind. traces of chemicals: And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds. A molecule (分子) is a group of atoms. It represents the smallest amount of some chemical. Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything you’ve touched. With each new thing your skin contacts, you leave behind some small share of what it’d touched earlier. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) recently analyzed such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers. The study was led by biochemist Amin a Bouslimani. To explore those remains, the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteer’s phone with a cotton swab (药棉签). The scientists also swabbed (擦拭) each person’s right hand. Then the researchers compared the chemicals found on each cell phone. The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared these to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earher, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines. Traces of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone. The molecules reflected what had been in the body, and what each person had handled before touching the phone. From all these molecules, Bouslimani reveals, “We could tell if a person is likely female, uses high-end cosmetics, dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.” Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says, he’s never heard of police using phone remains to narrow down behavioral clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene. 2．What can we conclude about the user by analyzing the leftovers on the phone? A．Lifestyle. B．Intelligence. C．Appearance. D．Personality. 3．What was the first thing needed to be done before the study? A．Comparing different Chemicals B．Building a database containing chemicals. C．Hiring volunteers with cell phones. D．Collecting the chemicals from phones. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the application of the research finding? A．Indifferent. B．Critical C．Doubtful. D．Positive. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Fingers Leave Clues About You on Your Phone. B．Your Phone May Be Home to Various Chemicals. . C．Molecules Are Used to Search for Illegal Drugs. D．Cell Phones Will Be Used in More Fields. 6．(24-25高二上·云南玉溪·期末)Frank Lolyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years. He created most of his works from 1900 through the 1950s, but his open-living spaces and imaginative designs still appear very modern today. In 2015, the United States nominated ten of his buildings for the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, or UNESCO, World Heritage List. In 2019, a total of eight architectural works were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, which includes churches, private residences, government buildings, and museums. They are Unity Temple, Robie House, Hollyhock House, Falling water, Taliesin West, Taliesin, Jacobs House and Guggenheim Museum. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum is one of the most visited sites in New York City. About one million people visit it every year. Mr. Wright worked on it from 1943 to 1959. The museum remains an international icon of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design. In the early 1900s, Mr. Wright designed what are often called prairie houses. A prairie is a large, mostly flat area of land with few trees and covered in grass. One of his most famous prairie houses, the Robie House, located in Chicago, Illinois, looks like a series of long low rooms on different levels. The room seems to float over the ground. He designed everything in this house, including the furniture and floor coverings. His prairie houses had a major influence on home design in America. Richard Longstreth is the president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy (保护协会). He said, “The father of modern architecture, is fundamentally redefining the nature of form and space during the early 20th century, which would have enduring impacts on modern architecture worldwide.” 2．What do we know about Frank Lolyd Wright? A．His prairie houses are out of date nowadays. B．He designed buildings in the U. S. A for 50 years. C．He was one of the famous American architects. D．He created merely American churches and museums. 3．Which of the following can best describe Mr. Wright? A．Fashionable and generous. B．Productive and professional. C．Creative and honest. D．Conservative and cautious. 4．What does the underlined word “nominated” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Proposed. B．Appointed. C．Purchased. D．Discussed. 5．What can we learn from Richard’s comments? A．He worked for Frank Lolyd Wright. B．He was skeptical about Mr. Wright’s creative ability. C．He disliked the nature of works Mr. Wright designed. D．He believed Mr. Wright influenced the modern architecture around the globe. 7．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第一中学·专题练习)From online to offline, the popularity of the song “The Lonely Brave” can be called “the most dazzling(炫目的)ethnic style” among elementary school students. What is the magic of “The Lonely Brave”? “The Lonely Brave” itself is the Chinese theme song of the cartoon “League of Legends: Battle of the Two Cities”. The song is sung by Eason Chan, written by Tang Tian and composed by Qian Lei. Tang Tian has been fond of music and writing since she was a child. When her talent was gradually recognized, unluckily, in 2012, she was diagnosed with stage III nasopharyngeal cancer. Instead of yielding, she actively cooperated with the treatment. In November 2021, Tang Tian wrote the song for her idol Eason Chan. Two students from a primary school in Wuhan, Hubei, played the song on the piano, arousing many onlookers, and slowly everyone sang along. The video went viral(传播)as soon as it was posted on the Internet. Then, a video of a drum player in Guizhou was also circulated on the Internet. What exactly is this song that has conquered tens of thousands of children? Let’s see what the children have to say. “I like the last line of the lyrics(歌词), who said that those who stand in the light are heroes, and if there is no flash, those who are unknown are not heroes?” “The lonely brave people are those who are not afraid of hardships and risk their lives to cut thorns for others or themselves. They dare to fight and fight against fate.” “After listening to the song, I thought of the delivery boy. Go? Is it worthy? This ragged cloak(披风). Fight? Fight! With the humble dreams, they all play the role of ordinary people in their lives and try to fight for their dreams.” The lonely hero in everyone’s heart is different, but they are all those who shine in the dark without expecting anything in return. 2．What can you learn about the song “The Lonely Brave”? A．The explosion of the song is expected. B．The song is written by Tang Tian after her recovery. C．The song is less attractive than the cartoon “League of Legends”. D．The two students’ video became an instant hit when posted on the Internet. 3．What does the underlined word “yielding” mean? A．Ignorance. B．Give-up C．Disapproval. D．Anger. 4．Why is the song “The Lonely Brave” popular with elementary school students? A．Its lyrics are inspiring. B．It is sung by Eason Chan. C．It reflects the life of children. D．It is of a traditional ethnic style. 5．Who are “the lonely brave” in children’s heart? A．Those hiding in the dark. B．Those standing in the light. C．Those with adventurous tastes. D．Those with bravery and devotion. 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、心理健康、教育、幸福 1．(24-25高二上·云南西双版纳傣族第一中学等四校·期末) The Art of Effective Communication In today’s interconnected world, effective communication is not just a skill, but a necessity. Whether we are at work, at school, or in our personal lives, the ability to express our thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully is of vital importance. Effective communication begins with understanding the audience. Before we speak or write, it is important to consider who we are communicating with and what their needs, expectations, and emotions might be. This awareness helps us to tailor our message in a way that is most likely to be understood and appreciated. Active listening is another key element of effective communication. It involves giving full attention to the speaker, showing empathy, and avoiding interruptions. Active listening not only helps us to fully grasp the speaker’s intended meaning, but also shows our respect for their point of view. Non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, also plays a significant role in how our message is received. A smile, a nod, or a raised eyebrow can convey a message that words alone cannot express. Therefore, it is important to be aware of our own non-verbal cues and how they might be understood by others. Feedback(反馈) is another crucial aspect of effective communication. It allows us to assess how well our message has been understood and received. Constructive feedback can help us to improve our communication skills and better meet the needs of our audience. In conclusion, effective communication is a multifaceted (多方面的) skill that requires attention to both verbal and non-verbal elements. By understanding our audience, practicing active listening, being aware of our non-verbal cues, and seeking feedback, we can greatly improve our ability to communicate effectively with others. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element of effective communication? A．Active listening. B．Being aware of non-verbal cues. C．Understanding the audience. D．Avoiding eye contact. 3．Why is understanding the audience important for effective communication? A．It helps us avoid making mistakes in our daily life. B．It enables us to express more complex thoughts. C．It allows us to adjust our message for better understanding. D．It makes us more confident and comfortable in communication. 4．What is the purpose of seeking feedback in communication? A．To make a deep impression on the audience. B．To figure out how well others understand and accept our message. C．To avoid giving constructive suggestions. D．To make our communication more interesting. 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Non-verbal communication is more important than verbal communication. B．People with poor communication skills don’t need feedback. C．If we ignore non-verbal cues, our communication may not be as effective. D．Understanding the audience is the most important element in communication. 2．(24-25高二上·云南西双版纳傣族第一中学等四校·期末)Many farmers in China are exploring new career paths. From drone (无人机)operators to social media influencers, new types of occupations taken on by Chinese farmers not only bring higher incomes but also put new life into China’s rural area. In April 2016, Yu Xiaojun, 28, founded an agricultural machinery services cooperative(农机服务合作社) in partnership with his friends to provide services including sowing, crop protection and harvesting for large farms with drones. The cooperative now has over 100 sets of machinery and equipment and more than 20 staff members. Many young people ask Yu to teach them how to fly drones. As a short-video craze sweeps China, many farmers are becoming enthusiastic about sharing their lives online. Livestreaming has become a new farming tool, allowing farmers to reap the benefits of selling goods directly to urban consumers. Holding a plate of dried sweet potatoes, Zhang Chuanfeng stood in front of a mobile phone to introduce the local products. The 40-year-old farmer is 1.4 meters tall and was worried about his future after struggling in various jobs because he is too short. However, his transition has been a success. With the support of the local government, Zhang rented a stall and opened his online business. To improve his marketing skills, he attended training courses and learned from other online streamers. In April 2020, Zhang started livestreaming sales. The products received positive feedback from the market, and that encouraged Zhang to include more types of local specialties in his sales. His hard work paid off. Now Zhang has over 90,000 followers on the Douyin short-video platform. He made 5 million yuan from sales of local specialties last year. He also volunteered to help locals sell other products including honey, organic eggs and fish through livestreaming. “Through my efforts, I have lifted my family out of poverty, which was unimaginable before,” Zhang said. “Compared to professional livestreamers, we are just at the primary stage. I hope more professionals will join us and we can build our brand.” 2．What did Yu Xiaojun do in April 2016? A．He became a social media influencer after he learned to operate drones. B．He set up an an agricultural machinery services union with friends. C．He started to use drones for his own small farm. D．He successfully explored new career paths for all Chinese farmers. 3．The underlined word “craze” in the fourth paragraph most probably means ____________. A．fashion B．danger C．problem D．challenge 4．What was a barrier to Zhang Chuanfeng’s career? A．His knowledge. B．His identity. C．His height. D．His background. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Chinese farmers are facing difficulties in agriculture. B．The new technology has brought more problems to Chinese farmers. C．Chinese farmers are seeking new job paths and tech for success. D．Chinese farmers must rely on social media to increase incomes. 3．(24-25高二上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)When you’ve reached the top of your game, where can you go next? It’s a question that troubles the main character of Taylor Jenkins Reid’s latest novel, the 1990s-set tennis drama Carrie Soto Is Back, coming August 30. Carrie, 37, steps out of retirement to reclaim the record that made her a legend, just tied by a young player. With 20 Grand Slams (大满贯) to her name, she’s desperate to live up to the reputation for dominance she once believed was beyond doubt but now feels slipping away, forcing her to reconsider if she’s expecting too much of herself in an attempt to prove her worth to the world. Reid, 38, knows these feelings well. She’s been working for a decade, producing book after book, the last three of which, part of a quartet (四部曲) about famous women, have finally made the author a household name. Carrie Soto is the final book of the bundle. Each of the books centres an aggressive character managing the tensions between her charming life in the public eye and the pressures she feels in private. And each captures a specific time and place, with Reid skilfully collecting small yet meaningful details to help build immersive (身临其境的) worlds. For Carrie Soto, that meant learning about a sport she had barely ever watched, let alone played; reading on game strategy and technique; studying different playing styles and court surfaces; and watching old matches, absorbing the language of commentators. Reid brings this intensity to all her eight books in the last nine years. But now that her quartet is finished, Reid is determined to rest. It’s fitting, then, that the author decided to end the quartet with a story about a woman struggling with her constant pursuit of success — and finally realizing it might just be too much. "This isn’t really a story about whether Carrie can win a Slam," she says. "It’s about whether she can stop climbing mountains." 2．Which of the following can best describe Carrie before she retired? A．Selfish and confident. B．Modest and gentle. C．Determined and ambitious. D．Conservative and demanding. 3．Which of the following is true about the novel? A．It is set in the present. B．The author is a retired tennis player. C．The story discusses how to get to the top. D．It centres a record-holder defending her honour. 4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The leading character of the novel. B．The pressure Carrie faces. C．The efforts Reid put into writing. D．The details of the story’s background. 5．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To tell a tennis player’s story. B．To call attention to famous women. C．To introduce a newly written book. D．To argue for less success addiction. 4．(23-24高二上·云南师范大学附属中学·期末)The ocean covers more than 70% of the planet, making the deep sea one of the largest habitats on Earth. Many of the fish living in the depths of the ocean look like the scary aliens in the horror films, with giant teeth, glow-in-the-dark bodies and bulging eyeballs. But why do these fish have such otherworldly features? The strange appearance of deep-sea fish is largely a reflection of the extreme environment they live in. Most of the deep ocean, which starts 200 meters below the surface, has little to no light, high pressure systems, low food availability, and is much colder than the rest of the ocean, with an average temperature just above freezing at 4 degrees Celsius. “The deep sea is a really harsh place to make a living, so a lot of animals have really had to adapt some niche adaptations to survive in that environment,” Mary MeCarthy, a fish biologist said. Without many opportunities to find food, deep-sea fish have developed traits to help them hunt prey (猎物), one of the most fearsome being a massive set of jaws. For example, Sloane’s viperfish (蝰鱼) has sharp teeth that are so large that it cannot close its mouth. These sharp teeth are also clear, which means they can hide their weapons from prey until it’s too late. Other deep-sea fish like the pelican eels (鹈鹕鳗) have mouths that, when stretched, take up the majority of their bodies so that they can capture and swallow large fish they find in these deep-sea food deserts. Some deep-sea fish have a secret weapon that makes them a prey magnet—the ability to generate their own light. This light can attract prey, in part, because marine creatures may think they are about to swallow a small glowing creature(when really they are about to become the meal). 2．What is Paragraph 1 about? A．The definition of deep-sea fish. B．The phenomenon of strange-looking deep-sea fish. C．The importance of deep-sea fish on the planet. D．The reasons for the appearance of deep-sea fish. 3．Which of the following words can best replace the word “traits” in Paragraph 3? A．Methods. B．Weapons. C．Features. D．Habitats. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The extreme surroundings impact the appearance of deep-sea fish. B．The massive set of jaws can protect the fish from being hunted. C．Most deep-sea fish can generate the light to capture their prey. D．Most deep-sea fish have large and wide mouths. 5．Where can we find this passage? A．In a science magazine. B．In a fashion journal. C．In a tourist handbook. D．In a geography book. 5．(23-24高二上·云南保山、文山州·期末)Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology. “Our study found that gum (牙龈) disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage (萎缩) in the hippocampus (海马体), which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症), ”said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph. D．of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan. The study involved 172 people without memory problems. Their average age was 67. Participants had dental exams and took memory tests at the beginning of the study. They also had brain scans to measure the volume of their hippocampus at the beginning of the study. This was measured again four years later. For each participant, researchers counted the number of teeth and checked for the amount of gum disease. Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease were linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1. 3 years of brain aging. “These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth, ”Yamaguchi said. “The findings suggest that controlling the progression of gum disease through regular dental visits is crucial, and that teeth with severe gum disease may need to be removed and replaced with appropriate false ones. ” Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger groups of people. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied to other locations. 2．How did researchers draw the conclusion? A．By consulting experts. B．By making comparisons. C．By carrying out a survey among dentists. D．By conducting experiments in hospitals. 3．It can be inferred from the text that_____. A．gum disease is increasing among people B．doing a routine dental checkup can avoid gum disease C．removing natural teeth is bad for dental health D．keeping teeth healthy is of great importance 4．What is Yamaguchi’s future expectation for the studies? A．Involving people from diverse places in the research. B．Seeking new methods to improve brain health. C．Exploring treatments for gum disease. D．Applying the research to relieve Alzheimer’s disease. 5．What’s the article mainly about? A．A new study of treatment to cure gum disease. B．A new study of the symptoms of brain shrinkage. C．A new study of the benefits of taking good care of one’s teeth. D．A new study finding about the connection between one’s teeth and the brain. 6．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第三中学·期末)Candy comes in many flavors. Some taste like fruit. Some taste like flowers. Some are chewy, like taffy (太妃糖) and gum. Hard candies are, well, hard! So, they last a long time. But, in spoken English, there are some types of candy that you cannot eat. For example, you can’t eat eye candy. Eye candy is a person-man or woman-who is very good-looking. So, looking at this person is a treat for the eye, just like candy is a treat for the taste buds. Do you hear of candy coat? Of course it is not a coat made of candy. But you can say I don’t candy coat the truth. What does candy-coating something mean? Well, some pills are covered with a coat of thin, sweet candy. The coating makes swallowing the pill easier, and it may hide a bad taste. So, candy coating a difficult truth or situation means you don’t directly discuss its bad parts. After talking about candy you may want to eat some candies. However, some people dislike things that are very sweet, especially adults. But even if you do not like candy, you can still be called a kid in a candy store. This expression means a person is very happy to do something or to simply be somewhere. Imagine a child going from one candy display to the next, not knowing which candy to choose! Talking about children brings us to another expression: as easy as taking candy from a baby. Think about a small, helpless baby holding a piece of candy. Taking it would be very easy—mean, but easy. So, use this expression when you are talking about something that may be simple to do, but probably not right. 2．What does the underlined word “swallowing” mean in English? A．Making. B．Testing. C．Taking. D．Selling. 3．Which of the following expressions means you are doing something with wrong intention? A．Hard candies. B．Candy coat. C．A kid in a candy store. D．As easy as taking candy from a baby. 4．When can you be called a kid in a candy store even if you don’t like sweet things? A．When you don’t know what to choose. B．When you are very content and delighted. C．When you are eating sweet candies happily. D．When you are going from one candy display to another. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．Candy: Enjoy It or Avoid It B．Candies’ Different Flavors C．The Best Candy in the World D．Various Candies in English 7．(24-25高二上·云南昆明第一中学·期末)There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or years. Sometimes information in the long-term memory is hard to remember. Students taking exams often have this experience. In contrast, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. Dr. Hunter studied short-term memory in rats. He used a special device which had a cage for the rat and three doors. There was a light in each door. First, the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next, one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there. Hunter did this experiment many times. He always turned on the lights in a random order. Hunter’s results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten seconds. Later, Dr. Henning studied how people learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. To begin with, the participants listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the participants took a 15-question test where they circled the word they remembered having in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sounded alike, while others had four choices having the same meaning. Henning found that people with a lower level in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; people with a higher level made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning learners hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced learners hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Repetition contributes to people’s short-term memory. B．The information in long-term memory is easier to forget. C．People can rarely memorize the information learnt when young. D．Students taking exams are experienced in long-term memory. 3．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How the rat experiment was conducted. B．The process of rats’ developing memory. C．Why the rat experiment was carried out. D．The relationship between rats’ memory and intelligence. 4．Who might participate in Dr. Henning’s experiment? A．A Chinese expert in second language learning. B．An American student learning a second language. C．A British teacher teaching English as a second language. D．A Korean employee learning English as a second language. 5．What does Henning’s experiment suggest? A．Beginning learners have a bad memory. B．Beginning learners depend more on short-term memory. C．Advanced learners easily remember words according to their pronunciation. D．Advanced learners can confuse the words just heard with those meaning the same. 8．(23-24高二上·云南昆明第八中学·期末)What would happen today, if there was an accident at your workplace? Would employees know what to do? Would the injured person get the best possible care? When an accident happens, a first-aid programme that meets the requirements of the law and is made to the type and size of the workplace can really make a difference between life and death, or between recovery and lasting disablement (伤残). Employers should make sure that all employees know where emergency information is posted at the workplace. The emergency notice should show the phone numbers of the closest ambulance service, rescue unit, fire police station, and hospital. The amount of time it takes to look up one of these important numbers can make a big difference to a seriously injured person. The place of first-aid equipment and rescue equipment should also be posted. All workplaces should have a person with first-aid or medical training in case of an emergency. First-aid equipment and supplies, including a variety of dressings and instruments, as well as an up-to-date first-aid book, should be stored where they can be reached quickly and easily in case of an accident. These supplies should be inspected frequently, making sure they are kept in sanitary (卫生的) and usable conditions and re-stored after use. Larger workplaces may need more than one fully-equipped first-aid bag. In lonely workplaces, emergency supplies and an action plan are especially important. At least one person trained in first aid should always be on-site (在现场的). If first aid is not given properly, it can sometimes hurt rather than help an injured person, or even be harmful to the person giving first aid. All workers should know who is trained to give first aid on-site, where first-aid equipment is put, and what medical professionals or medical instruments should be found if a medical emergency happens. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The importance of a proper first-aid programme at the workplace. B．The possibility to make a first-aid programme. C．The requirements of the law about a first-aid programme. D．Difference between the type and size of the workplace. 3．What should you do for a seriously injured person? A．Report the present conditions to the employers. B．Give first aid to him right away all by yourself. C．Look up and call the emergency telephone numbers quickly. D．Run to the rescue centre to get first-aid equipment. 4．Why are first-aid equipment and supplies stored in workplaces? A．To be reached quickly and used to rescue in time. B．To meet the requirements of the government. C．To deal with the inspection of higher departments. D．To make a medical training for the employees. 5．According to the text, what are all workers required to do? A．Be responsible for the result of the injured person. B．Know the exact place of first-aid equipment. C．Be trained to give first aid to the injured in an accident. D．Be far away from the accident place. 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境、动物、生态 1．(24-25高二上·云南昭通昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)To find food in the darkness, deep-diving whales rely on their built-in sonar, which bounces sound waves off potential prey to reveal their location. But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic pieces like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid — likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition. As it fills marine environments, it’s also showing up in the guts of marine mammals across hundreds of reported cases, damaging their stomach tissues and causing infection, suffocation, and malnutrition (营养不良) to the point of starvation. Washed-up whales carry tens of pounds of plastic trash in their stomachs. In May, the team strung the items to a rig underneath the boat and hit them with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by a university at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a stranded sperm whale’s stomach. The team found all tested plastic items returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid. “They don’t really chew and taste like us… it’s more like suction,” says Laura Redaelli, a Ph. D．student in marine biology and the lead author of the June study. As soon as inedible items enter their mouths, she says, “it’s a little bit too late for them to realize.” And why would they? Before plastic existed, Redaelli and her colleagues note, anything a whale encountered in the deep ocean that returned a strong enough echo was probably biological — and likely edible. And it’s important research, considering the growing amount of junk in the ocean and the consequences to animals who consume it. Plastics manufacturers could try engineering plastics to be less acoustically (听觉上) similar to prey. Another solution might swap existing plastics for biodegradable materials that break down rapidly in the ocean or in whale stomachs. 2．Why do whales confuse plastic for prey? A．They can reveal its location easily. B．Plastic looks like a delicious squid. C．It’s too dark to distinguish plastic from prey. D．Plastic and squids bear the similar returned echoes. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? A．The process of the research. B．The result of the research. C．The reasons of this phenomenon. D．The potential effects of the research. 4．What can we infer, according to Laura Redaelli? A．Everything is edible after plastic existed. B．Whales can’t recognize plastic timely. C．It’s never too late for whales to realize the plastic. D．Whales chew and taste food before it enters their stomachs. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Solve Plastic Bags in Ocean? B．Why Are Whales Eating Plastic Bags? C．Why does Plastic Bear Similar Sound to Squid? D．What Effects does the Plastic have on Ocean Creatures? 2．(24-25高二上·云南昭通昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)To find food in the darkness, deep-diving whales rely on their built-in sonar, which bounces sound waves off potential prey to reveal their location. But to these whales, plastic junk floating in the ocean may also “sound” just like a delicious squid. A new study suggests plastic pieces like shopping bags bear remarkably similar “echoes” to those of squid — likely due to some combination of their shape, size, degree of weathering, and chemical composition. As it fills marine environments, it’s also showing up in the guts of marine mammals across hundreds of reported cases, damaging their stomach tissues and causing infection, suffocation, and malnutrition (营养不良) to the point of starvation. Washed-up whales carry tens of pounds of plastic trash in their stomachs. In May, the team strung the items to a rig underneath the boat and hit them with sound waves at frequencies that toothed whales use to hunt. They repeated the process on five dead squid bodies provided by a university at Chapel Hill, as well as five squid beaks taken from a stranded sperm whale’s stomach. The team found all tested plastic items returned echoes as strong as or stronger than those from the squid. “They don’t really chew and taste like us... it’s more like suction,” says Laura Redaelli, a Ph. D．student in marine biology and the lead author of the June study. As soon as inedible items enter their mouths, she says, “it’s a little bit too late for them to realize.” And why would they? Before plastic existed, Redaelli and her colleagues note, anything a whale encountered in the deep ocean that returned a strong enough echo was probably biological — and likely edible. And it’s important research, considering the growing amount of junk in the ocean and the consequences to animals who consume it. Plastics manufacturers could try engineering plastics to be less acoustically (听觉上) similar to prey. Another solution might swap existing plastics for biodegradable materials that break down rapidly in the ocean or in whale stomachs. 2．Why do whales confuse plastic for prey? A．They can reveal its location easily. B．Plastic looks like a delicious squid. C．It’s too dark to distinguish plastic from prey. D．Plastic and squids bear the similar returned echoes. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? A．The process of the research. B．The result of the investigation. C．The reasons of this phenomenon. D．The potential effects of the research. 4．What can we infer, according to Laura Redaelli? A．Everything is edible after plastic existed. B．Whales can’t recognize plastic timely. C．It’s never too late for whales to realize the plastic. D．Whales chew and taste food before it enters their stomachs. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Solve Plastic Bags in Ocean? B．Why Are Whales Eating Plastic Bags? C．Why does Plastic Bear Similar Sound to Squid? D．What Effects does the Plastic have on Ocean Creatures? 3．(24-25高二上·云南云南师范大学附属中学·期末)Cows love having an open area of grassland to graze on. But in some parts of the world, this is only possible during the summer. In the winter months, it can become too cold for cows to safely stay outside, so they are kept in a large farm building for warmth. Being stuck inside is not always pleasant for the cattle, and their unhappiness is closely connected to less milk production. For this reason, some cattle owners have fitted their cows with VR headsets that run a program specifically. The program simulates grassland in summer and was designed specifically for the way that cows get color and light. According to the National Library of Medicine, cattle see shades of red the easiest but have a hard time distinguishing between blue and green. Reports from a farm in Moscow, Russia — where the VR headsets were first developed by vets — found in 2019 that the cows that used the VR headsets saw a decrease in anxiety and an improved mood. This led to an increase in milk production; which went from 5.8 gallons to 7 gallons a day. Cattle owner Izzet Kocak from Aksaray, Turkey, heard about this experiment and tried the VR headsets on his cows in December 2021. When Kocak put the headsets on his cows, he found an improvement in the emotional well-being of his animals. “They are watching an area of grassland, and it gives them an emotional boost. They are less stressed,” he said. The technology is now being passed around the world. According to the BBC, the headsets were made specifically for the “structural features of cow heads” by vets, and the animals were shown a “unique summer field simulation program”. The familiar sight of an area of grassland is enough to improve the mood of the entire herd. Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation says that research has shown a link between a cow’s emotional state and its milk production. They stated, “Examples of dairy farms from different countries show that in a calm atmosphere, the quantity of milk increases markedly.” 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The cows can produce milk normally in the winter. B．The cows prefer to live in a misty environment. C．The VR headsets operate a unique program. D．The VR headsets only display three colors. 3．What’s the result of cows’ wearing the VR headsets? A．They could distinguish between blue and green. B．Their milk production rose accordingly. C．Their physical health improved greatly. D．They could adapt to winter easily. 4．What concept is behind the VR headset program? A．High tech is necessary in the dairy field. B．A silent environment helps cows stay healthy. C．Natural grassland is better for the milk quality. D．A cow with good moods can produce more milk. 5．Which can be the best title for this passage? A．Keeping cows inside benefits a lot. B．VR headsets boost milk production. C．VR technology sees farming development. D．Depressed emotion affects the quality of milk. 4．(23-24高二上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Cats and many other animals, including most dogs, can reflect light from their eyes. That’s why cats’ eyes will usually shine brightly in photos taken in a dimly lit room or glow when lightened in the dark by a flashlight or a car’s headlights. Species whose eyes glow have evolved to see better in low light because they either forage or need to look out for predators (天敌) throughout the night, or they do most of their hunting at dawn and dusk. In fact, domesticated cats can see in conditions that are only 16% as bright as what people require. Cats accomplish this because their pupils (瞳孔) — the openings that appear black in the middle of their eyes that widen and narrow in response to light conditions—are special. Pupils operate like windows, with bigger ones letting more light into the eye. And a cat’s pupils can become up to 50% larger than human pupils in dim light. They also have a higher number of a specific type of light-sensing cell in the back of their eyes than we do. These cells, called rods (杆细胞), catch low-level light. In addition to having large pupils and lots of rods, cats have something people don’t: a tapetum lucidum (荧光膜), a Latin medical term that translates to “bright or shining tapestry”. The tapetum lucidum is also known as “eyeshine”. It’s located in the back of the eye behind the retina (视网膜) — a thin layer of tissue that receives light, converts the light to an electrical signal and sends this signal to the brain to interpret the image． A cat’s tapetum lucidum is made up of cells with crystals that, like a mirror, reflect light back to the retina. This gives the retina a second chance to absorb more light. In cats, the tapetum most often glows yellow-green or yellow-orange, but the color varies, just like their irises (虹膜) — the colorful part of their eye, which can be green, yellow, blue or golden. Variation in tapetum color is not unique to cats and can be found in lots of species. 2．The underlined word “forage” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______”. A．perceive B．hunt C．sign D．assess 3．According to the passage, a cat’s pupils ______. A．can reflect lights B．can absorb more light C．can widen and narrow D．can convert light to a signal 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How do Cats’ Pupils Work? B．How do Cats’ Eyes Reflect Light? C．Why do Cats’ Pupils Appear Black? D．Why do Cats’ Eyes Glow in the Dark? 5．We can probably find this passage in ______. A．a travel journal B．a science magazine C．a technology report D．an admission guide 5．(23-24高二上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)A year after he died at 17, a young man’s love of helping others lives on through a foundation. The Benjamin Canlas Courage to be Kind Foundation gives away bikes to Filipinos who are struggling to hold on to jobs in a country undergoing difficult times. Benjamin Canlas was always warm-hearted. One time, he saw a food seller riding an old bicycle. Its pedals were missing. To help, Benjamin let the man ride his bike and used his own savings to send the seller’s bike to a bicycle shop for restoration. After Benjamin’s death, his parents George and Glennda Canlas created the foundation in memory of the young man and his kindness, seeing it as a way to connect donors with those in need. In the Philippines, many jobs have been lost this year. This has left thousands of Filipinos taking odd jobs. With restricted public transportation, many people have to walk for hours to do these jobs. The Canlases had the idea to give away bikes to individuals nominated (提名) by their peers or loved ones. When the giveaway contest was announced on social media, they did not know how much interest there would be and planned to give away seven bicycles at first. But they received over 50 nominations. “We didn’t expect that, uncertain whether what we do is of any practical value,” said Glennda. “But now we’re determined.” One bike owner is Camilla, a mother of a 2-year-old. When her husband’s work was put on hold, she started selling and delivering food. Camilla said the bike was a big help and she was “so happy” that she didn’t have to walk so far anymore. Even as the contest ended, nominations continued to pour in. The foundation said there are people still in need. Now it is working on launching more sustainable projects that will help more while also inspiring others to pay it forward. “We live in a world where it takes courage to be kind,” said Glennda. “Our goal would be from ‘courage to be kind’, and create a world where kindness does not require courage—it is simply the thing we all do.” 2．What did Benjamin do after seeing the seller riding an old bike? A．He sent money to the seller. B．He had the old bike repaired. C．He gave his own bike to the seller. D．He bought a new bike to the seller. 3．The Canlases set up the foundation to ______. A．continue their son’s wishes B．memorize Benjamin Canlas C．connect donors with the poor D．help the unemployed get jobs 4．Why does the author mention Camilla? A．To show impacts of the country’s tough situation. B．To appeal for attention to the people in need. C．To illustrate being kind does require courage. D．To state the difference made by the good deed. 5．What is the foundation aimed at now? A．Providing more bikes to the people in need. B．Encouraging everyone to be courageous. C．Initiating other sustainable organizations. D．Turning kindness into a usual thing. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $