专题06 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，云南专用）高一英语上学期

专题06 议论文 阅读理解D篇 以下汇编的阅读理D篇议论文（具有明确的论点、论据和论证过程），按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、跨文化沟通 1.AI语音助手的用途与风险分析（讨论AI语音助手的功能、发展及潜在风险） 难度：0.65 2.博物馆自拍现象的社会影响（分析自拍在博物馆的流行、利弊及文化影响） 难度：0.65 3.AI的局限性与人类价值（论证AI在情感智能和创造力方面的不足，强调人类不可替代） 难度：0.65 4.SAT分数下降的原因与教育对策（分析课程改革对SAT成绩的影响，提出解决方案） 难度：0.65 5.“低头症”（phubbing）的社会行为影响（讨论手机使用对人际关系的负面影响及社会礼仪） 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、文化娱乐 1.流行节食法的健康风险（论证流行节食法的不健康性，倡导均衡饮食） 难度：0.85 2.书评《失落的世界：侏罗纪公园》（评价书籍的情节、角色及阅读价值） 难度：0.85 3.志愿服务对青少年身心 benefits 的益处（基于研究论证志愿服务改善健康和幸福感） 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护 1.重复使用一次性塑料的危害（论证塑料 reuse 对健康和环境的负面影响，倡导减少使用） 难度：0.65 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、跨文化沟通 1．(24-25高一上·云南昆明西山区·期末)In recent years, AI voice assistants (助手) have become common, yet their conversational skills have been relatively limited until now. OpenAI has made a major breakthrough with the introduction of the “interruptable (可中断的) advanced voice function” with several new features. OpenAI’s chief product officer, Kevin Weil, has shared that this function has many new features. Custom settings allow users to personalize the assistant’s replies. Memory enables it to recall earlier intcractions (互动), improving the flow of conversations. There are five new voices and improved accents, and impressively, it can express common phrases like “sorry, I’m late” in over 50 languages. The key advantage of this new function is that users can interrupt the voice assistant at any moment, leading to a more fluent dialogue. It smartly deals with interruptions and can even respond to emotions, making conversations feel more natural and enjoyable. At the same time, Google is actively adding its Gemini chatbot into mobile products, replacing the older “Hey Google” function. The Gemini chatbot is expected to bring better performance and more interesting user interactions. Alibaba’s Chief Scientist of Artificial Intelligence, Nie Zaiqing, has also commented that voice assstants are the next-generation for human-computer interaction. It is expected that these advanced voice tools will be used across a growing number of products. This could change our daily lives, allowing for in-depth exchanges with home products and easier use of voice commands in public. However, we must also be aware of the possible risks. The increasing smartness of these voice assistants may give rise to concerns about our privacy and safety. Additionally, if not used properly, there could be issues with the spread of misinformation and conclusion. While these new AI voice technologies hold great promise, they also require careful consideration and management of related risks. 2．What is a feature of the “interruptable” voice assiciant? A．It struggles with interruptions. B．It lacks memory for past chats. C．It supports personalized replies. D．It provides a single voice function. 3．What can be inferred about the future role of AI voice assistants? A．They will replace human talks. B．They will reshape our daily lives. C．They will be limited to high costs. D．They will mainly focus on phones. 4．What could happen if AI voice assistants are poorly managed? A．Pcople will stop using them. B．Their features could get worse. C．Their adoption might slow down. D．Privacy and safety risks may grow. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To compare various AI tools on the market. B．To introduce the fast development of Google. C．To discuss the uses and risks of AI voice tools. D．To explore the growing popularity of teohnology. 2．(24-25高一上·云南西双版纳傣族第一中学等四校·期末)Museums have regained their popularity among young people because of the widespread of social media, but one person shared on Twitter that people shouldn’t use such ways for their photos. Milo Atienza Parada, an Instagram user, said that people have been going to museums for the sake of taking selfies (自拍) to be posted on their social media. Although there is nothing wrong with it, he still thinks that museums are places of art appreciation (欣赏). Last month, the National Museum of the Philippines opened its newest building to the public — the National Museum of Natural History. It houses the country’s collections of plants and animals. According to its Facebook post, visitors are not allowed to engage in photography. They are also not allowed to take videos or touch museum objects. However, Parada has noticed that many people have been touching artworks during their visit. Besides, the museum has been turned into a place to take photos. ‌“For visitors who only wish to enjoy artworks, taking selfies bothers them,” said Parada. ‌“They will feel angry when seeing some people taking selfies with great artworks they want to enjoy.” But some museums are now accepting the selfie phenomenon (现象). The Artists’ Network shared that the popularity of selfies is an important factor in making people visit museums. The Frick Collection in New York City allows people to take selfies with the artworks. “If they share those images on social media, museums will get a much appreciated ‘word of mouth’ result. Search for information about museum selfies on the Internet and you’ll be surprised by all the fun ways people put themselves and objects of art and history together. And most importantly, that makes other people want to visit these museums in person,‌” Heidi Rosenau, the Frick’s communication director said. 2．Why have museums regained popularity among young people? A．Because of the new buildings of museums. B．Because of social media. C．Because there are more artworks to appreciate. D．Because people like taking photos in museums. 3．What can’t visitors do in the National Museum of Natural History in the Philippines? A．Appreciate the country’s collections of plants and animals. B．Share their visiting experiences on social media. C．Take photos, videos or touch museum objects. D．Enjoy the artworks in the museum. 4．What does the underlined word “houses” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Stores. B．Protects. C．Builds. D．Sells. 5．What does Heidi Rosenau think of museum selfies? A．They are a waste of time. B．They make the museum crowded. C．They help museums get more visitors. D．They make the artworks less valuable. 3．(24-25高一上·云南保山·期末)In the age of artificial intelligence(AI), there’s a widespread concern that humans might be replaced by machines. However, AI has its limitations, and humans remain valuable. AI lacks emotional intelligence, which is of great importance in the workplace, especially when talking to customers. Humans, as social beings, need emotional connections, but AI can’t do this because they can’t feel what people feel and don’t understand human experiences. For example, AI cannot feel pain or joy, which are important for building trust and good relationships with customers. Soft skills, such as working together in a team, thinking deeply about problems, and talking well are also beyond Al’s abilities. These skills are key to professional success and are developed through human interaction and reasoning, which AI lacks. For example, AI cannot engage in brainstorming conference or show creativity in team projects, which are important for coming up with new ideas and solving problems. Moreover, humans create and maintain AI; without human intelligence, AI would not exist. AI can only work with the information it gets and can’t think in new ways, unlike people who can come up with new ideas even with just a little information. This is clear because AI just follows the rules it’s given and can’t change them without people’s help. Instead of fearing AI, we should learn to work with it. By upskilling and staying creative, humans can ensure they remain useful to employers. It is suggested that individuals should keep in line with the latest trends in their field and be innovative (创新) and creative. This way, they will be irreplaceable to any organization. In the end, even though AI makes things faster, people will always be better because of their special emotional and creative skills. People will always have a place at work because our unique qualities make us different from AI. 2．What can’t Al do as mentioned in the text? A．Work with numbers. B．Stick to rules. C．Understand feelings. D．Answer questions. 3．Why does the article mention “brainstorming” in paragraph 3? A．To show AI can think of new ideas. B．To show AI can help solve problems. C．To show AI can’t be creative in teams. D．To show AI can’t be helpful in building trust. 4．How should we work with Al in the future? A．AI will take over all jobs. B．AI will take away our creativity. C．People will create new jobs and apps. D．People will learn to cooperate with Al. 5．What’s the author’s attitude towards AI? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Disagreeable. D．Objective. 4．(24-25高一上·云南保山·期末)The recent drop in SAT reading and writing scores is a cause for concern, as it reflects a long-existing trend that began in the 1970s. The most reliable explanation points to significant curricular (课程) changes, particularly in early education, as the primary cause. Once, a content-rich elementary school experience was the norm, but it has since shifted to a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists stress the obvious nature of learning between the ages of 2 to 10 for developing language ability. This is due to the unusual language plasticity (可塑性) of young minds and the so-called Matthew Effect, which suggests that those who start with a richer language background will continue to perform well, while those who are less fortunate in early language exposure will fall further behind. This effect is rooted in the nature of word learning: the more words one knows, the easier it is to learn new ones. However, direct (直接的) vocabulary teaching has been found ineffective. Most word meanings are learned indirectly through understanding the context of what we hear or read. To solve the problem, every student from kindergarten understands what is being heard or read. Well-organized and continuous lessons on the human and natural worlds can lead to significantly improved language scores in about five years. By focusing on a subject long enough to ensure all young children understand it, the main idea becomes clear, and word learning faster. This is especially important for low-income children, who often come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on schools to provide the knowledge base that more fluent children might take for granted. 2．What mainly causes the SAT score drop? A．Increased interest in online learning. B．A shift towards skills-based early education. C．Growing competition for college admission. D．Fail to recognize reading and writing in schools. 3．What does “Matthew Effect” mean in this article? A．Richer kids do better in school. B．School changes lead to lower SAT scores. C．Early learning leads to better school results. D．Early language advantages keep getting ahead. 4．How can we help kids get better at words? A．By teaching more words in school. B．By reducing tests in early education. C．By offering more English classes in school. D．By teaching about people and nature early on. 5．What will the author probably talk about next? A．How family life affects kids’ growth. B．How school lessons focus on a subject. C．How students change the way of learning. D．How advanced technology is used in schools. 5．(23-24高一上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you’re talking to someone but they keep looking at their phone? This is called “phubbing” — a mix of the words “phone” and “snubbing”, which is the act of ignoring someone in favor of the phone. It can happen in any conversation — whether it’s with a friend, family member, or even a business associate. When someone is “phubbing”, they’re using their phone to look through the online news, check messages, play games and so on, instead of focusing on the conversation or spending time with the people they’re with. The word was first used back in 2012, when fewer people had smartphones. And now that most people have smartphones, phubbing is a common problem. Most people would agree that it’s rude to be focused on your phone when you’re spending time with another person. The expert William Hanson thinks so, too. “Phubbing is a no-no!” he says. “If you have planned to go out with friends, focus on them and not your friends on your phone.” Studies have found that phubbing can damage your relationships with others. Eye contact is super important in bonding and developing oxytocin, the chemical that builds trust and connection. A lack of eye contact due to phubbing can make people feel like you don’t care about them or value their time. Phubbing can make people feel disregarded, and those who “phub” are thought of as less polite and caring. So science has shown that phubbing is not good for us — but why do we do it? It might be because we are feeling bored, worried or stressed. Or it might be because we are addicted to checking our phones, especially social media. Whatever the reason may be, phubbing is a bad habit and can make us miss out on real moments with the people around us. So the next time you’re spending time with a friend or family member, try and keep your phone out of sight! 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Phubbing dates from 2012. B．Phubbing means using phone when necessary. C．Phubbing only happens in business associates. D．Phubbing is the act of focusing on people instead of phones. 3．Which of the following states would William Hanson agree with? A．Phubbing would benefit relationship. B．It is polite to phub when meeting friends. C．People don’t need eye contact to show their caring. D．Phone should be put aside when they meet their friends. 4．Which is NOT a reason for people’s phubbing according to the passage? A．They are bored. B．They think it a fashion to phub. C．They are addicted to their phones. D．They want to check their social media. 5．What does the underline word “disregarded” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Concerned. B．Protested. C．Focused. D．Ignored. 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、文化娱乐 1．(24-25高一上·云南·期末)Many people who want to lose weight often choose to go on a diet. Shops have noticed this and are filling their shelves with diet products such as diet milkshakes, snack bars and even diet pills. However, such popular diets are often found to be very unhealthy. Most of these popular diets work by cutting out a certain nutrient (营养物) from your food intake (摄入量). However, by cutting a particular food group out of your diet, your body will be short of a certain nutrient that it needs, which could leave you feeling weak, tired or even bad-tempered. Furthermore, these diets are often unsuccessful in the long run. Generally, one of the effective ways to lose weight is to cut down on calories (卡路里). The recommended calorie intake for an adult male is 2,500 each day. If a man takes in more than 2,500calories each day, then he is likely to gain weight. However, if he eats less, then he is likely to lose weight. More importantly, anyone who is going on a diet should keep a healthy balanced diet containing foods from all food groups. Nutrients such as proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals all play an important role in staying healthy, which is why they all should be included in your meals. Sometimes, you can eat some healthy snacks but don't eat too much. So, next time your friends tell you that they are going on a diet, let them know that eating a healthy balanced diet is a better choice. 2．What is the author’s opinion about the popular diets in Paragraph 1? A．They are welcomed by teenagers. B．They are found to be unhealthy. C．They are useful for losing weight. D．They are replacing people's daily meals. 3．How much calorie intake is recommended to an adult male each day in this text? A．2,500. B．3,000. C．3,500. D．4,000. 4．What advice should you give to your friends on a diet according to the text? A．Don't eat snacks. B．Avoid eating any meat or fats. C．Keep a healthy balanced diet. D．Stop losing weight immediately. 5．In which part of a newspaper can you find this text? A．Travel. B．Health. C．Sport. D．Education. 2．(24-25高一上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)This book, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, is set on an island in the Caribbean. It is mostly jungle, with a small village and a river running through it. It is a breeding ground, so naturally that there are nests of dinosaurs. It has special notice for its wonderful storyline, making us experience the characters’ terror, share their relief, and then feel the terror again. The main character in this book is Ian Malcolm, a professor at the Santa Fe Institute. He is asked by Richard Levine to go to this island and help find out if there are dinosaurs. Ian was one of the people who were saved from Jurassic Park before it was destroyed. Some other important characters in this book are Sarah Harding. Richard Levine, and Kelly Curtis. Sarah Harding is a field researcher who studies hyenas (蠡狗) and lions. Richard Levine is a rich scientist who funds a trip to the island. Kelly Curtis is a seventh-grader who wants to be just like Sarah Harding. The biggest problem in this book is that Richard is eager to get to the island, and goes without anybody. He then has to be saved before the dinosaurs kill him. Also, some others want to steal dinosaur eggs to make their own Jurassic Park, and must also be stopped. One important event in this book is when they arrive at the island they are immediately attacked on all sides by dinosaurs and must find a safe way to get Levine. Then, at night, they are beset (包围) by dinosaurs and some predators. Then, they miss their ride back and need to find some kind of other transport off the island. At the end of this book the characters realize why there are no adult dinosaurs, and finally escape back to civilization. A wonderful book Whether or not that’s true I cannot say but please do not base your initial judgement of this book on appearance. If you’re a fan of Michael Crichton, dinosaurs or just rip-roaring thrilling rides, you should give this book the read it clearly deserves! 2．What is likely the tone of the book? A．Intense and thrilling B．Calm and educational C．Romantic and emotional D．Humorous and lighthearted 3．Why does Richard Levine need to be rescued? A．He is attacked on all sides by adult dinosaurs. B．He gets lost in the jungle on a Caribbean island. C．He goes to the island alone and faces danger from dinosaurs. D．He fail to find some other transport off the island on his own. 4．Who is the writer of The Lost World: Jurassic Park? A．Jan Malcolm. B．Michael Crichton. C．Kelly Curtis. D．Richard Levine. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A．To recommend a book. B．To honor a writer. C．To share an adventure. D．To introduce an island. 3．(23-24高一上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Kids and teenagers who volunteer aren’t just helping their community. They might also be helping themselves. That’s according to a new research published in JAMA Network Open, in May. Kids who participated in community service were 34% more likely to be in very good physical health than those who didn’t participate, the study found. And those who volunteered were 66% more likely to be considered doing well in general. Kids aged 12 and older who volunteered were 25% less likely to have anxiety than peers who didn’t. The findings come from survey data provided by the parents of some 50,000 kids in the United States aged 6 to 17. About half of those parents reported that their kids did volunteer work. Studies like this have limitations. Parents answered questions about their kids’ health and community-service activity. But a parent might not know if their child experiences anxiety or considers themselves to be doing well in general. This type of data also can’t prove cause and effect. It can only uncover connections. So it’s not possible to say for sure that volunteering leads to better mental and physical health. It could be that people in good health are more likely to have the energy or desire to volunteer. But the data comes at an important time for youth mental health. In recent years, rates of depression and anxiety have risen among young people. More than 40% of high school students reported experiencing feelings of sadness or hopelessness. So there’s a clear need for accessible and effective mental health resources. Giving back to the community may be one such resource. And this study isn’t the only one to reach that conclusion. Previous research has also found links between volunteering and well-being among adults. Serving the community seems to help people feel a sense of purpose. And it makes them feel connected to those around them. Generosity has also been shown to boost happiness and improve physical health. It might be a practice worth doing. 2．How many kids in the US who volunteered were less likely to be anxious? A．12,500. B．17,000. C．33,000. D．50,000. 3．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Healthy people are less likely to volunteer. B．Volunteering surely leads to better mental and physical health. C．Parents know their kids’ mental and physical health very well. D．There is a relationship between health and community-service activity. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．There are various mental health resources. B．People of all ages will serve the community. C．Serving the community will benefit mental health. D．High school students are suffering mental health problems. 5．Which proverb best matches the article? A．He laughs best who laughs last. B．The rose is in her hand, the flavor in mine. C．The longest journey begins with the first step. D．Treat other people as you hope they will treat you. 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护 1．(24-25高一上·云南红河州、文山州·期末)You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. Single-use plastics leach (滤出) chemicals and shed (释放) microplastics into your environment. Though studies have not directly compared single-use and reusable plastic, experts say they are more concerned about single-use plastics because of how they’re made. A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro-and nanoplastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray sheds these particles into your food. Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. When heat is applied, molecules move faster, meaning it could be easier for some of these particles to make its way into your food. The danger of heating your plastic also applies to reusable plastic, like baby bottles and plastic storage containers, according to Judith Enck, president of Beyond Plastics. Research found that black plastic in sushi trays, and other objects contain high levels of flame retardants (延缓剂). These poisonous chemicals have been linked to physical and mental problems. Concerns with chemicals and microplastics primarily apply to food, experts said, because you are swallowing them. Reusing single-use plastics like grocery bags is not a major concern, they added. The most important thing you should do is avoid subjecting your plastic to heat, experts agreed. “A pretty hard-and-fast rule is to never microwave plastic,” Enc k said. “And there’s also a recommendation not to put plastic into the dishwasher if it’s on a hot cycle.” If you order takeout, it’s best to transfer the food to a nonplastic dish as soon as possible, and you should use a plate when microwaving your food. 2．Why does the author list examples in the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To prove the experts’ opinion. C．To analyse the reason. D．To introduce background information. 3．What can we learn from the research? A．Plastic bottles of good quality is encouraged to use. B．It is the chemicals in the materials that cause trouble. C．High temperature makes little difference to takeout food. D．Reusable plastic is more dangerous than single-use plastic. 4．Which situation poses the biggest threat to human’s health? A．Heating fast food in a glass bowl. B．Filling the grocery bag with meat. C．Packing cold drink with single-use plastics. D．Ordering hot soup contained in a plastic bag. 5．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Stop Using Single-use Plastics B．Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful C．How to Correctly Use Single-use Plastics D．The Astonishing Fact of Single-use Plastics / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 议论文 阅读理解D篇 以下汇编的阅读理D篇议论文（具有明确的论点、论据和论证过程），按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、跨文化沟通 1.AI语音助手的用途与风险分析（讨论AI语音助手的功能、发展及潜在风险） 难度：0.65 2.博物馆自拍现象的社会影响（分析自拍在博物馆的流行、利弊及文化影响） 难度：0.65 3.AI的局限性与人类价值（论证AI在情感智能和创造力方面的不足，强调人类不可替代） 难度：0.65 4.SAT分数下降的原因与教育对策（分析课程改革对SAT成绩的影响，提出解决方案） 难度：0.65 5.“低头症”（phubbing）的社会行为影响（讨论手机使用对人际关系的负面影响及社会礼仪） 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、文化娱乐 1.流行节食法的健康风险（论证流行节食法的不健康性，倡导均衡饮食） 难度：0.85 2.书评《失落的世界：侏罗纪公园》（评价书籍的情节、角色及阅读价值） 难度：0.85 3.志愿服务对青少年身心 benefits 的益处（基于研究论证志愿服务改善健康和幸福感） 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护 1.重复使用一次性塑料的危害（论证塑料 reuse 对健康和环境的负面影响，倡导减少使用） 难度：0.65 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、跨文化沟通 1．(24-25高一上·云南昆明西山区·期末)In recent years, AI voice assistants (助手) have become common, yet their conversational skills have been relatively limited until now. OpenAI has made a major breakthrough with the introduction of the “interruptable (可中断的) advanced voice function” with several new features. OpenAI’s chief product officer, Kevin Weil, has shared that this function has many new features. Custom settings allow users to personalize the assistant’s replies. Memory enables it to recall earlier intcractions (互动), improving the flow of conversations. There are five new voices and improved accents, and impressively, it can express common phrases like “sorry, I’m late” in over 50 languages. The key advantage of this new function is that users can interrupt the voice assistant at any moment, leading to a more fluent dialogue. It smartly deals with interruptions and can even respond to emotions, making conversations feel more natural and enjoyable. At the same time, Google is actively adding its Gemini chatbot into mobile products, replacing the older “Hey Google” function. The Gemini chatbot is expected to bring better performance and more interesting user interactions. Alibaba’s Chief Scientist of Artificial Intelligence, Nie Zaiqing, has also commented that voice assstants are the next-generation for human-computer interaction. It is expected that these advanced voice tools will be used across a growing number of products. This could change our daily lives, allowing for in-depth exchanges with home products and easier use of voice commands in public. However, we must also be aware of the possible risks. The increasing smartness of these voice assistants may give rise to concerns about our privacy and safety. Additionally, if not used properly, there could be issues with the spread of misinformation and conclusion. While these new AI voice technologies hold great promise, they also require careful consideration and management of related risks. 2．What is a feature of the “interruptable” voice assiciant? A．It struggles with interruptions. B．It lacks memory for past chats. C．It supports personalized replies. D．It provides a single voice function. 3．What can be inferred about the future role of AI voice assistants? A．They will replace human talks. B．They will reshape our daily lives. C．They will be limited to high costs. D．They will mainly focus on phones. 4．What could happen if AI voice assistants are poorly managed? A．Pcople will stop using them. B．Their features could get worse. C．Their adoption might slow down. D．Privacy and safety risks may grow. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To compare various AI tools on the market. B．To introduce the fast development of Google. C．To discuss the uses and risks of AI voice tools. D．To explore the growing popularity of teohnology. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章以OpenAI在人工智能语音助手方面取得的突破为例探讨了人工智能语音工具的用途和风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Custom settings allow users to personalize the assistant’s replies.(自定义设置允许用户个性化助手的回复)”可知，“可中断式”语音助手的一个特点是支持个性化回复，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“It is expected that these advanced voice tools will be used across a growing number of products. This could change our daily lives, allowing for in-depth exchanges with home products and easier use of voice commands in public.(预计这些先进的语音工具将在越来越多的产品中使用。这可能会改变我们的日常生活，使我们能够与家用产品进行深入交流，并更容易在公共场合使用语音命令)”可知，人工智能语音助手将来会重塑我们的日常生活，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The increasing smartness of these voice assistants may give rise to concerns about our privacy and safety.(这些语音助手的日益智能可能会引起人们对我们隐私和安全的担忧)”可知，如果对人工智能语音助手管理不当，隐私和安全风险可能会增加，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“OpenAI has made a major breakthrough with the introduction of the ‘interruptable (可中断的) advanced voice function’ with several new features.(OpenAI做了一个重大突破，引入了‘可中断的高级语音功能’和几个新功能)”和第四段中“It is expected that these advanced voice tools will be used across a growing number of products.(预计这些先进的语音工具将在越来越多的产品中使用)”以及最后一段中“However, we must also be aware of the possible risks.(然而，我们也必须意识到可能存在的风险)”可知，文章以OpenAI在人工智能语音助手方面取得的突破为例探讨了人工智能语音工具的用途和风险，故选C。 2．(24-25高一上·云南西双版纳傣族第一中学等四校·期末)Museums have regained their popularity among young people because of the widespread of social media, but one person shared on Twitter that people shouldn’t use such ways for their photos. Milo Atienza Parada, an Instagram user, said that people have been going to museums for the sake of taking selfies (自拍) to be posted on their social media. Although there is nothing wrong with it, he still thinks that museums are places of art appreciation (欣赏). Last month, the National Museum of the Philippines opened its newest building to the public — the National Museum of Natural History. It houses the country’s collections of plants and animals. According to its Facebook post, visitors are not allowed to engage in photography. They are also not allowed to take videos or touch museum objects. However, Parada has noticed that many people have been touching artworks during their visit. Besides, the museum has been turned into a place to take photos. ‌“For visitors who only wish to enjoy artworks, taking selfies bothers them,” said Parada. ‌“They will feel angry when seeing some people taking selfies with great artworks they want to enjoy.” But some museums are now accepting the selfie phenomenon (现象). The Artists’ Network shared that the popularity of selfies is an important factor in making people visit museums. The Frick Collection in New York City allows people to take selfies with the artworks. “If they share those images on social media, museums will get a much appreciated ‘word of mouth’ result. Search for information about museum selfies on the Internet and you’ll be surprised by all the fun ways people put themselves and objects of art and history together. And most importantly, that makes other people want to visit these museums in person,‌” Heidi Rosenau, the Frick’s communication director said. 2．Why have museums regained popularity among young people? A．Because of the new buildings of museums. B．Because of social media. C．Because there are more artworks to appreciate. D．Because people like taking photos in museums. 3．What can’t visitors do in the National Museum of Natural History in the Philippines? A．Appreciate the country’s collections of plants and animals. B．Share their visiting experiences on social media. C．Take photos, videos or touch museum objects. D．Enjoy the artworks in the museum. 4．What does the underlined word “houses” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Stores. B．Protects. C．Builds. D．Sells. 5．What does Heidi Rosenau think of museum selfies? A．They are a waste of time. B．They make the museum crowded. C．They help museums get more visitors. D．They make the artworks less valuable. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了博物馆因社交媒体在年轻人中重获欢迎，还提到不同博物馆对自拍现象的不同态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Museums have regained their popularity among young people because of the widespread of social media(由于社交媒体的广泛传播，博物馆在年轻人中重新受到欢迎)”可知，博物馆在年轻人中重新受欢迎是因为社交媒体。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Last month, the National Museum of the Philippines opened its newest building to the public — the National Museum of Natural History.(上个月，菲律宾国家博物馆向公众开放了它的最新建筑——国家自然历史博物馆)”和“According to its Facebook post, visitors are not allowed to engage in photography. They are also not allowed to take videos or touch museum objects.(根据其脸书帖子，游客不允许拍照。他们也不允许录像或触摸博物馆展品)”可知，在菲律宾国家自然历史博物馆，游客不能拍照、录像或触摸博物馆展品。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Last month, the National Museum of the Philippines opened its newest building to the public — the National Museum of Natural History. It houses the country’s collections of plants and animals.(上个月，菲律宾国家博物馆向公众开放了其最新建筑——国家自然历史博物馆。它houses该国的动植物藏品)”可知，划线词前代词“it”指代的是前文的“the National Museum of the Philippines(律宾国家博物馆)”，结合划线词后文“the country’s collections of plants and animals”可推知，这里表示该博物馆存放着动植物藏品。故划线词houses有“存放，储存”之意，与A项stores意思相近。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘If they share those images on social media, museums will get a much appreciated ‘word of mouth’ result. Search for information about museum selfies on the Internet and you’ll be surprised by all the fun ways people put themselves and objects of art and history together. And most importantly, that makes other people want to visit these museums in person,‌’ Heidi Rosenau, the Frick’s communication director said. (弗里克博物馆的公关总监海蒂·罗森纳说：‘如果他们在社交媒体上分享这些图片，博物馆将获得一个非常受欢迎的‘口碑’效果。在网上搜索有关博物馆自拍的信息，你会惊讶于人们把自己和艺术和历史物品放在一起的所有有趣方式。最重要的是，这会让其他人想要亲自参观这些博物馆，’)”可知，海蒂·罗森纳认为博物馆自拍有助于博物馆吸引更多游客。故选C项。 3．(24-25高一上·云南保山·期末)In the age of artificial intelligence(AI), there’s a widespread concern that humans might be replaced by machines. However, AI has its limitations, and humans remain valuable. AI lacks emotional intelligence, which is of great importance in the workplace, especially when talking to customers. Humans, as social beings, need emotional connections, but AI can’t do this because they can’t feel what people feel and don’t understand human experiences. For example, AI cannot feel pain or joy, which are important for building trust and good relationships with customers. Soft skills, such as working together in a team, thinking deeply about problems, and talking well are also beyond Al’s abilities. These skills are key to professional success and are developed through human interaction and reasoning, which AI lacks. For example, AI cannot engage in brainstorming conference or show creativity in team projects, which are important for coming up with new ideas and solving problems. Moreover, humans create and maintain AI; without human intelligence, AI would not exist. AI can only work with the information it gets and can’t think in new ways, unlike people who can come up with new ideas even with just a little information. This is clear because AI just follows the rules it’s given and can’t change them without people’s help. Instead of fearing AI, we should learn to work with it. By upskilling and staying creative, humans can ensure they remain useful to employers. It is suggested that individuals should keep in line with the latest trends in their field and be innovative (创新) and creative. This way, they will be irreplaceable to any organization. In the end, even though AI makes things faster, people will always be better because of their special emotional and creative skills. People will always have a place at work because our unique qualities make us different from AI. 2．What can’t Al do as mentioned in the text? A．Work with numbers. B．Stick to rules. C．Understand feelings. D．Answer questions. 3．Why does the article mention “brainstorming” in paragraph 3? A．To show AI can think of new ideas. B．To show AI can help solve problems. C．To show AI can’t be creative in teams. D．To show AI can’t be helpful in building trust. 4．How should we work with Al in the future? A．AI will take over all jobs. B．AI will take away our creativity. C．People will create new jobs and apps. D．People will learn to cooperate with Al. 5．What’s the author’s attitude towards AI? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Disagreeable. D．Objective. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要列举了人工智能的一些缺点以及建议人类与之合作。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, AI cannot feel pain or joy, which are important for building trust and good relationships with customers.(例如，人工智能无法感受到痛苦或快乐，这对于建立信任和与客户建立良好关系至关重要)”可知，AI无法理解感受。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, AI cannot engage in brainstorming conference or show creativity in team projects, which are important for coming up with new ideas and solving problems.(例如，AI不能参与头脑风暴会议或在团队项目中表现出创造力，这对于提出新想法和解决问题很重要)”可知，提到“brainstorming”是为了表明AI在团队中缺乏创造力。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Instead of fearing AI, we should learn to work with it.(我们不应该害怕人工智能，而应该学会与它合作)”可知，未来人们应该学会与AI合作。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, AI has its limitations, and humans remain valuable.(然而，人工智能有其局限性，人类仍然是有价值的)”以及倒数第二段“Instead of fearing AI, we should learn to work with it.(我们不应该害怕人工智能，而应该学会与它合作)”可知，作者既指出AI的局限性，又提出人们应与AI合作，由此可推知，作者对AI的态度是客观的。故选D。 4．(24-25高一上·云南保山·期末)The recent drop in SAT reading and writing scores is a cause for concern, as it reflects a long-existing trend that began in the 1970s. The most reliable explanation points to significant curricular (课程) changes, particularly in early education, as the primary cause. Once, a content-rich elementary school experience was the norm, but it has since shifted to a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists stress the obvious nature of learning between the ages of 2 to 10 for developing language ability. This is due to the unusual language plasticity (可塑性) of young minds and the so-called Matthew Effect, which suggests that those who start with a richer language background will continue to perform well, while those who are less fortunate in early language exposure will fall further behind. This effect is rooted in the nature of word learning: the more words one knows, the easier it is to learn new ones. However, direct (直接的) vocabulary teaching has been found ineffective. Most word meanings are learned indirectly through understanding the context of what we hear or read. To solve the problem, every student from kindergarten understands what is being heard or read. Well-organized and continuous lessons on the human and natural worlds can lead to significantly improved language scores in about five years. By focusing on a subject long enough to ensure all young children understand it, the main idea becomes clear, and word learning faster. This is especially important for low-income children, who often come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on schools to provide the knowledge base that more fluent children might take for granted. 2．What mainly causes the SAT score drop? A．Increased interest in online learning. B．A shift towards skills-based early education. C．Growing competition for college admission. D．Fail to recognize reading and writing in schools. 3．What does “Matthew Effect” mean in this article? A．Richer kids do better in school. B．School changes lead to lower SAT scores. C．Early learning leads to better school results. D．Early language advantages keep getting ahead. 4．How can we help kids get better at words? A．By teaching more words in school. B．By reducing tests in early education. C．By offering more English classes in school. D．By teaching about people and nature early on. 5．What will the author probably talk about next? A．How family life affects kids’ growth. B．How school lessons focus on a subject. C．How students change the way of learning. D．How advanced technology is used in schools. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了最近SAT阅读和写作分数的下降令人担忧，解释了背后的原因以及应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The most reliable explanation points to significant curricular (课程) changes, particularly in early education, as the primary cause. Once, a content-rich elementary school experience was the norm, but it has since shifted to a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach.(最可靠的解释是课程的重大变化，特别是在早期教育中，是主要原因。曾经，内容丰富的小学经历是常态，但它已经转变为内容少，以技能为基础，以考试为中心的方法)”可知，SAT分数下降主要是因为早期教育向以技能为基础的方向转变，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线后文“so-called Matthew Effect, which suggests that those who start with a richer language background will continue to perform well, while those who are less fortunate in early language exposure will fall further behind(马太效应表明，那些一开始就有丰富语言背景的人将继续表现良好，而那些在早期语言接触中不那么幸运的人将进一步落后)”可知，Mathew Effect指早期语言优势会让人持续领先。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Well-organized and continuous lessons on the human and natural worlds can lead to significantly improved language scores in about five years.(组织良好和持续的关于人类和自然世界的课程可以在大约五年内显著提高语言成绩)”可知，早期教授关于人类和自然的知识能帮助孩子更好地掌握词汇，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By focusing on a subject long enough to ensure all young children understand it, the main idea becomes clear, and word learning faster. This is especially important for low-income children, who often come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on schools to provide the knowledge base that more fluent children might take for granted.(通过专注于一个主题足够长的时间，以确保所有的孩子都理解它，主要思想变得清晰，单词学习速度更快。这对低收入家庭的孩子来说尤其重要，因为他们上学时词汇量很少，而且依赖学校提供的知识基础，而那些词汇更流利的孩子可能认为这是理所当然的)”可知，最后一段提到通过聚焦某一学科帮助孩子学习词汇，所以接下来可能会讨论学校课程如何聚焦某一学科。故选B。 5．(23-24高一上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you’re talking to someone but they keep looking at their phone? This is called “phubbing” — a mix of the words “phone” and “snubbing”, which is the act of ignoring someone in favor of the phone. It can happen in any conversation — whether it’s with a friend, family member, or even a business associate. When someone is “phubbing”, they’re using their phone to look through the online news, check messages, play games and so on, instead of focusing on the conversation or spending time with the people they’re with. The word was first used back in 2012, when fewer people had smartphones. And now that most people have smartphones, phubbing is a common problem. Most people would agree that it’s rude to be focused on your phone when you’re spending time with another person. The expert William Hanson thinks so, too. “Phubbing is a no-no!” he says. “If you have planned to go out with friends, focus on them and not your friends on your phone.” Studies have found that phubbing can damage your relationships with others. Eye contact is super important in bonding and developing oxytocin, the chemical that builds trust and connection. A lack of eye contact due to phubbing can make people feel like you don’t care about them or value their time. Phubbing can make people feel disregarded, and those who “phub” are thought of as less polite and caring. So science has shown that phubbing is not good for us — but why do we do it? It might be because we are feeling bored, worried or stressed. Or it might be because we are addicted to checking our phones, especially social media. Whatever the reason may be, phubbing is a bad habit and can make us miss out on real moments with the people around us. So the next time you’re spending time with a friend or family member, try and keep your phone out of sight! 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Phubbing dates from 2012. B．Phubbing means using phone when necessary. C．Phubbing only happens in business associates. D．Phubbing is the act of focusing on people instead of phones. 3．Which of the following states would William Hanson agree with? A．Phubbing would benefit relationship. B．It is polite to phub when meeting friends. C．People don’t need eye contact to show their caring. D．Phone should be put aside when they meet their friends. 4．Which is NOT a reason for people’s phubbing according to the passage? A．They are bored. B．They think it a fashion to phub. C．They are addicted to their phones. D．They want to check their social media. 5．What does the underline word “disregarded” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Concerned. B．Protested. C．Focused. D．Ignored. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。phubbing意为“低头症”，是phone(电话)和snubbing(怠慢)两个词的合成词，指的是因为使用手机而忽略了其他人的行为。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The word was first used back in 2012, when fewer people had smartphones.(这个词最早出现在2012年，当时拥有智能手机的人还比较少。)”可知，“低头症”这个词始于2012年。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句和第四句“Most people would agree that it’s rude to be focused on your phone when you’re spending time with another person. The expert William Hanson thinks so, too.(大多数人都会认同，当你和另一个人在一起的时候，专注于你的手机是不礼貌的。专家威廉·汉森也这么认为。)”可知，威廉·汉森会认为和朋友见面时应该把手机放在一边。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“It might be because we are feeling bored, worried or stressed. Or it might be because we are addicted to checking our phones, especially social media.(这可能是因为我们感到无聊、担心或有压力。也可能是因为我们沉迷于查看手机，尤其是社交媒体。)”可知，低头症的原因不包括人们认为低头是一种时尚。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“and those who “phub” are thought of as less polite and caring(而那些“低头”的人则被认为没有礼貌、不关心他人)”可知，此处是指“低头症”会让人们觉得被忽视，所以disregarded意为“被忽视的”。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、文化娱乐 1．(24-25高一上·云南·期末)Many people who want to lose weight often choose to go on a diet. Shops have noticed this and are filling their shelves with diet products such as diet milkshakes, snack bars and even diet pills. However, such popular diets are often found to be very unhealthy. Most of these popular diets work by cutting out a certain nutrient (营养物) from your food intake (摄入量). However, by cutting a particular food group out of your diet, your body will be short of a certain nutrient that it needs, which could leave you feeling weak, tired or even bad-tempered. Furthermore, these diets are often unsuccessful in the long run. Generally, one of the effective ways to lose weight is to cut down on calories (卡路里). The recommended calorie intake for an adult male is 2,500 each day. If a man takes in more than 2,500calories each day, then he is likely to gain weight. However, if he eats less, then he is likely to lose weight. More importantly, anyone who is going on a diet should keep a healthy balanced diet containing foods from all food groups. Nutrients such as proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals all play an important role in staying healthy, which is why they all should be included in your meals. Sometimes, you can eat some healthy snacks but don't eat too much. So, next time your friends tell you that they are going on a diet, let them know that eating a healthy balanced diet is a better choice. 2．What is the author’s opinion about the popular diets in Paragraph 1? A．They are welcomed by teenagers. B．They are found to be unhealthy. C．They are useful for losing weight. D．They are replacing people's daily meals. 3．How much calorie intake is recommended to an adult male each day in this text? A．2,500. B．3,000. C．3,500. D．4,000. 4．What advice should you give to your friends on a diet according to the text? A．Don't eat snacks. B．Avoid eating any meat or fats. C．Keep a healthy balanced diet. D．Stop losing weight immediately. 5．In which part of a newspaper can you find this text? A．Travel. B．Health. C．Sport. D．Education. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了流行节食法不健康，应保持均衡饮食。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, such popular diets are often found to be very unhealthy.(然而，这些流行的节食方法往往被发现是非常不健康的)”可知，作者认为这些流行的节食方法往往被发现是非常不健康的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The recommended calorie intake for an adult male is 2,500 each day.(成年男性每天推荐的卡路里摄入量是2500卡)”可知，成年男性每天推荐的卡路里摄入量是2500卡。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So, next time your friends tell you that they are going on a diet, let them know that eating a healthy balanced diet is a better choice.(下次你的朋友告诉你他们要节食时，让他们知道吃健康均衡的饮食是更好的选择)”可知，你应该给正在节食的朋友的建议是保持健康均衡的饮食。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Many people who want to lose weight often choose to go on a diet. Shops have noticed this and are filling their shelves with diet products such as diet milkshakes, snack bars and even diet pills. However, such popular diets are often found to be very unhealthy.(许多想要减肥的人常常选择节食。商家注意到了这一点，于是在货架上摆满了各种减肥产品，比如减肥奶昔、减肥零食棒，甚至还有减肥药。然而，这些广受欢迎的节食方法往往被发现是非常不健康的)”可知，本文主要讨论了流行的节食方法往往被发现是非常不健康的，并给出了健康减肥的建议，因此这篇文章很可能出现在报纸的健康版块。故选B。 2．(24-25高一上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)This book, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, is set on an island in the Caribbean. It is mostly jungle, with a small village and a river running through it. It is a breeding ground, so naturally that there are nests of dinosaurs. It has special notice for its wonderful storyline, making us experience the characters’ terror, share their relief, and then feel the terror again. The main character in this book is Ian Malcolm, a professor at the Santa Fe Institute. He is asked by Richard Levine to go to this island and help find out if there are dinosaurs. Ian was one of the people who were saved from Jurassic Park before it was destroyed. Some other important characters in this book are Sarah Harding. Richard Levine, and Kelly Curtis. Sarah Harding is a field researcher who studies hyenas (蠡狗) and lions. Richard Levine is a rich scientist who funds a trip to the island. Kelly Curtis is a seventh-grader who wants to be just like Sarah Harding. The biggest problem in this book is that Richard is eager to get to the island, and goes without anybody. He then has to be saved before the dinosaurs kill him. Also, some others want to steal dinosaur eggs to make their own Jurassic Park, and must also be stopped. One important event in this book is when they arrive at the island they are immediately attacked on all sides by dinosaurs and must find a safe way to get Levine. Then, at night, they are beset (包围) by dinosaurs and some predators. Then, they miss their ride back and need to find some kind of other transport off the island. At the end of this book the characters realize why there are no adult dinosaurs, and finally escape back to civilization. A wonderful book Whether or not that’s true I cannot say but please do not base your initial judgement of this book on appearance. If you’re a fan of Michael Crichton, dinosaurs or just rip-roaring thrilling rides, you should give this book the read it clearly deserves! 2．What is likely the tone of the book? A．Intense and thrilling B．Calm and educational C．Romantic and emotional D．Humorous and lighthearted 3．Why does Richard Levine need to be rescued? A．He is attacked on all sides by adult dinosaurs. B．He gets lost in the jungle on a Caribbean island. C．He goes to the island alone and faces danger from dinosaurs. D．He fail to find some other transport off the island on his own. 4．Who is the writer of The Lost World: Jurassic Park? A．Jan Malcolm. B．Michael Crichton. C．Kelly Curtis. D．Richard Levine. 5．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A．To recommend a book. B．To honor a writer. C．To share an adventure. D．To introduce an island. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文是议论文。文章对《失落的世界：侏罗纪公园》一书进行了详细的介绍和评价，包括故事的背景设定、主要角色、故事情节以及作者对该书的看法等，具有书评的典型特点。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“It has special notice for its wonderful storyline, making us experience the characters’ terror, share their relief, and then feel the terror again.(它特别注意的是它精彩的故事情节，让我们体验角色的恐惧，分享他们的解脱，然后再次感受到恐惧)”可知，故事情节是体验角色的恐惧，分享他们的解脱，然后再次感受到恐惧，推知应是紧张和刺激的。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The biggest problem in this book is that Richard is eager to get to the island, and goes without anybody. He then has to be saved before the dinosaurs kill him.(这本书中最大的问题是理查德渴望去那个岛，他独自一人去了。然后他必须在恐龙杀死他之前获救)”可知，理查德独自前往岛屿并面临恐龙的威胁，因此需要被救援。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you’re a fan of Michael Crichton, dinosaurs or just rip-roaring thrilling rides, you should give this book the read it clearly deserves!(如果你是迈克尔·克莱顿（Michael Crichton）、恐龙或只是惊心动魄的游乐设施的粉丝，你应该给这本书一读，它显然值得一读！)”可知，Michael Crichton是这本书的作者。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“This book, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, is set on an island in the Caribbean. It is mostly jungle, with a small village and a river running through it. It is a breeding ground, so naturally that there are nests of dinosaurs.(这本名为《失落的世界：侏罗纪公园》的书以加勒比海的一个小岛为背景。它大部分是丛林，有一个小村庄和一条河流穿过它。这是一个繁殖地，所以自然会有恐龙的巢穴)”以及纵观全文可知，文章详细介绍了《The Lost World: Jurassic Park》的情节、角色和阅读体验，并在最后一段明确建议读者阅读这本书，因此作者的写作目的是推荐这本书。故选A项。 3．(23-24高一上·云南昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Kids and teenagers who volunteer aren’t just helping their community. They might also be helping themselves. That’s according to a new research published in JAMA Network Open, in May. Kids who participated in community service were 34% more likely to be in very good physical health than those who didn’t participate, the study found. And those who volunteered were 66% more likely to be considered doing well in general. Kids aged 12 and older who volunteered were 25% less likely to have anxiety than peers who didn’t. The findings come from survey data provided by the parents of some 50,000 kids in the United States aged 6 to 17. About half of those parents reported that their kids did volunteer work. Studies like this have limitations. Parents answered questions about their kids’ health and community-service activity. But a parent might not know if their child experiences anxiety or considers themselves to be doing well in general. This type of data also can’t prove cause and effect. It can only uncover connections. So it’s not possible to say for sure that volunteering leads to better mental and physical health. It could be that people in good health are more likely to have the energy or desire to volunteer. But the data comes at an important time for youth mental health. In recent years, rates of depression and anxiety have risen among young people. More than 40% of high school students reported experiencing feelings of sadness or hopelessness. So there’s a clear need for accessible and effective mental health resources. Giving back to the community may be one such resource. And this study isn’t the only one to reach that conclusion. Previous research has also found links between volunteering and well-being among adults. Serving the community seems to help people feel a sense of purpose. And it makes them feel connected to those around them. Generosity has also been shown to boost happiness and improve physical health. It might be a practice worth doing. 2．How many kids in the US who volunteered were less likely to be anxious? A．12,500. B．17,000. C．33,000. D．50,000. 3．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Healthy people are less likely to volunteer. B．Volunteering surely leads to better mental and physical health. C．Parents know their kids’ mental and physical health very well. D．There is a relationship between health and community-service activity. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．There are various mental health resources. B．People of all ages will serve the community. C．Serving the community will benefit mental health. D．High school students are suffering mental health problems. 5．Which proverb best matches the article? A．He laughs best who laughs last. B．The rose is in her hand, the flavor in mine. C．The longest journey begins with the first step. D．Treat other people as you hope they will treat you. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了一项调查研究发现，做志愿者的孩子和青少年自身也受益于志愿活动，他们的身心健康水平更高，虽然该研究有其局限性，但就目前年轻人患抑郁症和焦虑症的比例有所上升的情况来看，投身志愿活动不失为解决该问题的一种有效方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Kids aged 12 and older who volunteered were 25% less likely to have anxiety than peers who didn’t. The findings come from survey data provided by the parents of some 50,000 kids in the United States aged 6 to 17. (参加志愿者活动的12岁及以上的孩子比没有参加的同龄人患焦虑症的可能性低25%。这一发现来自美国5万名6至17岁儿童的父母提供的调查数据)”可知，在美国，约有12500名（=50000×25%）做志愿者的孩子不太容易焦虑。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This type of data also can’t prove cause and effect. It can only uncover connections. So it’s not possible to say for sure that volunteering leads to better mental and physical health. It could be that people in good health are more likely to have the energy or desire to volunteer. (这种类型的数据也不能证明因果关系。它只能揭示联系。因此，不能肯定地说志愿活动能带来更好的心理和身体健康。这可能是因为身体健康的人更有可能有精力或意愿去做志愿者)”可推知，虽然志愿活动和心理和身体健康之间的因果关系尚不能确定，但是两者之间的确是有联系的。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是其中的“Previous research has also found links between volunteering and well-being among adults. Serving the community seems to help people feel a sense of purpose. And it makes them feel connected to those around them. Generosity has also been shown to boost happiness and improve physical health. It might be a practice worth doing. (之前的研究也发现了志愿者活动与成年人幸福感之间的联系。为社区服务似乎能让人们有一种使命感。这让他们觉得自己与周围的人有联系。慷慨也被证明能提升幸福感和改善身体健康。这可能是一个值得做的实践)”可知，本段主要结合目前年轻人患抑郁症和焦虑症的比例有所上升的背景，对做社区志愿服务的意义进行了补充说明，表明这种服务的确可以赋予人们幸福感、使命感、与他人的联系，改善人们的健康。因此，本段主要是揭示为社区服务将有利于心理健康。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Kids and teenagers who volunteer aren’t just helping their community. They might also be helping themselves. (做志愿者的孩子和青少年不仅仅是在帮助他们的社区。他们也可能是在帮助自己)”可知，文章围绕一项调查研究的发现展开，主要介绍了其发现内容：做志愿者的孩子和青少年自身也受益于志愿活动，他们的身心健康水平更高，同时指出了该研究的局限性和意义。因此，B项“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”最契合该研究发现的结果。A. 最后的胜利才是真正的胜利；C. 千里之行，始于足下；D. 己所不欲，勿施于人。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护 1．(24-25高一上·云南红河州、文山州·期末)You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. Single-use plastics leach (滤出) chemicals and shed (释放) microplastics into your environment. Though studies have not directly compared single-use and reusable plastic, experts say they are more concerned about single-use plastics because of how they’re made. A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro-and nanoplastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray sheds these particles into your food. Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. When heat is applied, molecules move faster, meaning it could be easier for some of these particles to make its way into your food. The danger of heating your plastic also applies to reusable plastic, like baby bottles and plastic storage containers, according to Judith Enck, president of Beyond Plastics. Research found that black plastic in sushi trays, and other objects contain high levels of flame retardants (延缓剂). These poisonous chemicals have been linked to physical and mental problems. Concerns with chemicals and microplastics primarily apply to food, experts said, because you are swallowing them. Reusing single-use plastics like grocery bags is not a major concern, they added. The most important thing you should do is avoid subjecting your plastic to heat, experts agreed. “A pretty hard-and-fast rule is to never microwave plastic,” Enc k said. “And there’s also a recommendation not to put plastic into the dishwasher if it’s on a hot cycle.” If you order takeout, it’s best to transfer the food to a nonplastic dish as soon as possible, and you should use a plate when microwaving your food. 2．Why does the author list examples in the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To prove the experts’ opinion. C．To analyse the reason. D．To introduce background information. 3．What can we learn from the research? A．Plastic bottles of good quality is encouraged to use. B．It is the chemicals in the materials that cause trouble. C．High temperature makes little difference to takeout food. D．Reusable plastic is more dangerous than single-use plastic. 4．Which situation poses the biggest threat to human’s health? A．Heating fast food in a glass bowl. B．Filling the grocery bag with meat. C．Packing cold drink with single-use plastics. D．Ordering hot soup contained in a plastic bag. 5．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Stop Using Single-use Plastics B．Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful C．How to Correctly Use Single-use Plastics D．The Astonishing Fact of Single-use Plastics 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了重复使用一次性塑料用品的危害。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“You forget to bring your water bottle to the airport, so you buy a plastic one and keep refilling it. Or you order takeout for dinner and save the black plastic container to pack your lunch the next day. Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. (你忘了带水瓶去机场，所以你买了一个塑料瓶，然后不断往里面加水。或者你点外卖当晚餐，然后把黑色的塑料容器留下来，第二天用来装午餐。再利用是可持续发展的核心原则之一。但是你应该重复使用这些一次性塑料吗？专家说不。)”可知，作者在第一段中举例子是为了引出本文的话题，即重复使用一次性塑料用品的危害。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Single-use plastics leach (滤出) chemicals and shed (释放) microplastics into your environment. (一次性塑料会向环境中滤出化学物质并释放微塑料。)”以及“A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro-and nanoplastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray sheds these particles into your food. (当你给一次性塑料水瓶加水时，它会向水中释放微塑料和纳米塑料，外卖容器或冷冻餐盘也会将这些颗粒释放到你的食物中。)”可知，从研究中我们能了解到是材料中的化学物质引起了麻烦。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Chemical exposure increases if plastic is heated, typically in a microwave, a dishwasher or even by placing hot food in a takeout container. (如果塑料被加热，通常是在微波炉、洗碗机中，甚至是把热的食物放在外卖容器里，化学物质的暴露就会增加。)”以及第三段中“Research found that black plastic in sushi trays, and other objects contain high levels of flame retardants (延缓剂)。These poisonous chemicals have been linked to physical and mental problems. (研究发现，寿司托盘和其他物品中的黑色塑料含有高水平的阻燃剂。这些有毒化学物质与身体和精神问题有关。)”可知，用塑料袋装热汤对人体的危害最大。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Reuse is one of the core rules of sustainability. But should you be reusing these single-use plastics? Experts say no. (再利用是可持续发展的核心原则之一。但是你应该重复使用这些一次性塑料吗?专家说不。)”和第二段中“Single-use plastics leach (滤出) chemicals and shed (释放) microplastics into your environment. (一次性塑料会向环境中滤出化学物质并释放微塑料。)”以及“A single-use plastic water bottle sheds micro-and nanoplastics into your water when you refill it, and a takeout container or frozen meal tray sheds these particles into your food. (当你给一次性塑料水瓶加水时，它会向水中释放微塑料和纳米塑料，外卖容器或冷冻餐盘也会将这些颗粒释放到你的食物中。)”可知，文章主要说明了重复使用一次性塑料用品的危害，B选项“Reusing Single-use Plastics Is Harmful (重复使用一次性塑料是有害的)”最符合题意。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $