专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，云南专用）高一英语上学期

专题05 说明文 阅读理解C篇 以下汇编的阅读理解C篇说明文（侧重于介绍事实、研究结果、技术应用或文化现象，而非论证观点），按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、文化 1.小说的定义、起源、特点及基本元素 难度：0.85 2.Google的Bard AI工具整合Gmail等服务的功能与应用 难度：0.85 3.廊桥的文化意义、保护措施与旅游结合 难度：0.85 4.独竹漂作为非物质文化遗产的起源与表演创新 难度：0.65 5.AI创作肖像画（如Alan Turing画像）的拍卖与技术创新 难度：0.65 6.使用眼部扫描技术检测阿尔茨海默病等疾病的研究项目 难度：0.65 7.Chankillo天文台作为古老观测站的历史与建筑特点 难度：0.65 8.AI技术破译甲骨文文字的项目（Diviner Project）与方法 难度：0.65 9.濒危语言Matukar Panau的保护与“会说话词典”的创建 难度：0.65 10.AI智能花园项目使用传感器和算法监测植物需求 难度：0.4 11.助听器技术的发展、应用及对听力的影响 难度：0.4 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、心理 1.学习语言对大脑发展、智力提升的益处研究 难度：0.65 2.音乐对记忆保留的长期影响及神经机制研究 难度：0.65 3.幽默创造与欣赏的心理学研究及个体差异 难度：0.65 4.手势对词汇学习的影响及认知机制研究 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护、动物保护 1.小熊猫的栖息地威胁、保护项目及全球努力 难度：0.85 2.老鼠在检测走私野生动物制品中的作用与训练过程 难度：0.65 3.北方白犀牛的濒危状况、保护努力及繁殖技术 难度：0.65 4.气候变化对海龟性别比例的影响及保护措施 难度：0.65 5.野牛作为美国国家哺乳动物的历史、保护及文化意义 难度：0.65 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、文化 1．(24-25高一上·云南红河州、文山州·期末)The novel — a world contained within pages, a playground for words and ideas. With our daily lives ruled by screens, reading a good novel is a great escape and a smart choice for many to kill time. But what exactly is a novel? A novel is an invented work of prose (散文) that puts together characters, plots, and settings to create a narrative (记叙的) world, centering on a specific theme or element of the human experience. The word “novel” comes from the Italian term novella, which originally meant “new” or “news” and referred to short, new stories. Over time, these stories developed into longer, more complex narratives, leading to the modern novel. Though storytelling has ancient roots, the novel as we know began to take shape in the 17th and 18th centuries, with authors such as Miguel de Cervantes (Don Quixote) and Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe) pioneering the form. Often, style and length are the two key factors that set novels apart from other literary works. While short stories can be read in a single time, novels are much longer narratives in chapters or parts, needing more time. Due to their length, novels deliver a wider and more detailed exploration of stories, emotions, and ideas. The unique style of novels comes from prose — a natural flow of language that copies everyday speech. Unlike verse (诗句) which depends on strict structures, prose is more flexible in sentence structure and length. This allows novels to look deeply into character development, dialogue, and narrative complexity. There are several basic elements of great novels, which are important to know if you are thinking about writing your own novel. Let’s explore each one in detail. 2．Which of the following is a novel? A．An article describing a beautiful place. B．A long story telling a boy’s adventure on an island. C．A report recording a historical moment in the world. D．An essay explaining the differences between two cultures. 3．What did the word “novel” originally refer to? A．Short and new stories. B．Unique and strict verse. C．Modern and popular songs. D．Specific and sad experience. 4．How is the novel different from verse according to the text? A．It is larger in using vocabulary. B．It is richer in expressing emotions. C．It is more popular among young people. D．It is freer in sentence structure and length. 5．What might the author continue talking about? A．Strict structures of great verse. B．Deep exploration of short stories. C．Important elements of great novels. D．Famous novel authors of different times. 2．(24-25高一上·云南·期末)Google has linked its Bard artificial intelligence (AI) tool to its Gmail service and other company offerings. The American-based search engine company says the change will permit its users to easily use the AI technology across different product areas. Bard is a chatbot, which can help write articles and interact smoothly with humans. Such tools are also known as “large language models”. The first widely released (发布) chatbot was ChatGPT. It was launched (推出) by technology company OpenAI last year. Google announced the launch of its Bard tool last February. And soon Microsoft announced it was redesigning its Bing search engine to include OpenAl’s chatbot technology. Microsoft has spent billions of dollars on OpenAI. In an announcement Tuesday, Google said it had created a system that makes it possible for users to apply the AI tool to other company services, or apps. This brings Bard technology to Google products including Gmail, Drive, YouTube, Maps, etc. One example is a possible solution to someone planning a major family trip. In such a case, a series of Google apps can be used together with Bard. A user can ask Bard to use Google Flights to look up flight dates that would work for the trip. Bard can also be used to book available hotel rooms and connect with Google Maps to provide everyone with directions to the airport. And users could also use Bard to find YouTube videos of things to do during the trip. 2．What do we know about Bard? A．It was launched late last year. B．It can replace other AI services. C．It was released before ChatGPT. D．It can help humans write articles. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Microsoft. B．OpenAI. C．ChatGPT. D．Gmail. 4．How does the author develop the Last Paragraph? A．By following time order. B．By giving an example. C．By making comparisons. D．By listing numbers. 5．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Google’s New AI Tool — Bard B．Google’s Bright Future — Gmail C．The World Will Be Changed by AI D．ChatGPT Will Be Widely Accepted 3．(23-24高一上·云南昆明官渡区·期末)A three-year nationwide action plan to better protect ancient covered bridges (廊桥) started on Monday in Taishun county, Wenzhou city in East China’s Zhejiang province. Covered bridges not only serve as means of transportation and communication. They are also acting as places to rest and for leisurely gatherings, sites for making offerings and even market areas for trading. “Covered bridges are an important part of traditional Chinese culture, with a long history and rich diversity,” said Huang Zi, a lead expert at the Zhejiang Ancient Architecture Design and Research Institute. But their largely wooden structures and the variety of roles they play make them easier to be damaged. In 2016, three ancient covered bridges in Taishun were destroyed by heavy rains during a typhoon. In 2020, a covered bridge first built during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and most recently rebuilt in the 18th century in Wuyuan county, Jiangxi province, was destroyed by floodwaters. Not long ago, a 900-year-old covered bridge in Pingnan county, Fujian province, one of the longest in China, fell down in a fire at night in early August. Protective measures have already been put in place in areas with ancient covered bridges. It will be a long-term process, said Huang, and greater efforts should be made to keep that sustainable (可持续的). One key, according to Huang, is to involve people’s concerns, needs and values in protecting the covered bridges. “More preservation knowledge should be communicated to people through related projects,” he said. More relevantly, the protection of covered bridges should be combined with tourism. “When people come to visit, walk and have fun there, those old covered bridges can truly show their energy and liveliness,” he said. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Different means of transportation. B．The roles of covered bridges. C．Places to communicate and rest. D．Trading areas of covered bridges. 3．How does the author develop paragraph 4? A．By making comparisons. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 4．What is the key factor to sustainable protection according to Huang? A．Projects to build different bridges. B．Knowledge about the bridge history. C．Public attention and participation. D．Communication about different values. 5．What can we infer about the covered bridges according to the passage? A．They were largely made of hard stones. B．The protective measures were not enough. C．The covered bridges in Taishun fell down in a fire. D．Tourism will do harm to their energy and liveliness. 4．(24-25高一上·云南德宏州·期末)You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down a river, all standing on a bamboo strip, but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage: single bamboo drifting (独竹漂). Over 2,000 years ago, the high-quality wood, nanmu, in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court in the north. With no better transportation, people had to stand on one log to drift down the river. Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born. In the Qing Dynasty, wood drifting became single bamboo drifting because of bamboo’s lower price. Due to various skills it takes for one to master this act, single bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021. Yang Liu, an inheritor (继承者) of single bamboo drifting, learned it at 7. “ Usually, the bamboo under our feet is about 9 meters long, and the bamboo in our hands is about 5 meters. If the length of the bamboo is not long enough, it will not float. Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key, so we should fight against the current (水流) by constantly changing the angle. I lost my balance and fell into the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part,” she said. The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going. Yang also shows creativity when spreading the culture of single bamboo drifting. For example, she includes dance in single bamboo drifting to make it more graceful. As hanfu culture has been on the rise, Yang started wearing hanfu while performing, creating a more beautiful feel. In 2020, Yang began to post her videos on social media. “ I’m extremely proud to get the response from viewers that single bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear. It’s my mission to keep it alive and make it known to more people,” Yang Liu told China Daily. 2．What can be learned from the second paragraph? A．Nanmu was delivered to the north by land. B．Single bamboo drifting needs lots of skills. C．Nanmu was in demand by the royal court in the south. D．Bamboo was expensive in Guizhou over 2,000 years ago. 3．What is the biggest challenge in learning single bamboo drifting? A．Keeping balance. B．Maintaining a fixed angle. C．Finding the proper bamboo. D．Holding the bamboo firmly in hands. 4．What do the viewers think of single bamboo drifting? A．It’s confusing. B．It’s unbelievable. C．It’s worrying. D．It’s terrible. 5．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Balancing with Grace B．Chinese Cultural Heritage C．Yang Liu: a Creative Performer D．Transporting Bamboo down the River 5．(24-25高一上·云南云南师范大学附属中学·期末)Many believe that only humans can truly create art. But as technology rapidly advances, there’s a growing debate over whether AI-generated art should be respected just as highly. Just last week, on November 7, a portrait of mathematician Alan Turing became the first artwork created by a humanoid robot to be sold at auction (拍卖) , getting $1. 08 million at Sotheby's, New York. The portrait of Turing, titled A．I. God, was created by Ai-Da, an AI-powered robot introduced in 2019 by British art specialist Aidan Meller. Ai-Da, named after Ada Lovelace who was thought to be the world's first computer programmer, is regarded as “the-first - ultra-realistic humanoid AI robot artist”. The work honors Alan Turing, the pioneering mathematician whose work laid the foundation for modern computing and artificial intelligence. Although A．I. God was first expected to get up to $180, 000, a series of 27 bids (投标) drove the price over $1 million. Sotheby’s said in a statement, “Today’s record-breaking sale price marks a moment in the history of modern and contemporary art and reflects the growing communication between AI technology and the global art market. ” The robot Ai-Da first came up with the idea to create A．I. God during a discussion about “AI for good” with others in her studio. She then decided on the style, color, and tone of the portrait. Then she used the cameras in her eyes to process an image of Alan Turing as a reference. With her robotic hand, Ai-Da then painted on a small canvas, and the completed image was later enlarged using a printer. A．I. God was exhibited in 2024 at the UN during the AI for Good Global Summit in Geneva. Alongside her portrait of Turing, the exhibition included a self-portrait of Ai-Da herself and a painting of Ada Lovelace. Ai-Da, who uses AI to speak, said her art “invites viewers to think about the God-like nature of AI while considering the ethical (道德的) and social influence of these advances.” 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．The title of the portrait is Alan Turing. B．Ai-Da is considered as an AI robot artist. C．Alan Turing is the first computer programmer. D．Ai-Da is named after her creator Aidan Meller. 3．What is special about the portrait? A．It has made history in art. B．It is the first artwork created by AI. C．It is thought highly of by the public. D．It is sold at a price lower than expected. 4．How did Ai-Da create the portrait? A．Ai-Da created the painting on the computer. B．Ai-Da enlarged the portrait with her robotic hand. C．Ai-Da used an image of Alan Turing for reference. D．Ai-Da used cameras to take a photo of Alan Turing. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Portrait of Alan Turing Caught Public Attention. B．How Was a Portrait of Alan Turing Created by Ai-Da? C．Should Artworks Created by AI Be Respected as Highly? D．An AI-created Portrait Gained a High Price at an Auction. 6．(24-25高一上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)The instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive, as is the training required to operate them. That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly for early signs of illness. A research project called AlzEye, run from Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, may change this. It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which to detect signals about the health of other organs. The doctors in charge of it, Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane, are linking Moorfields’ database of eye scans, which offer a detailed picture of the health of the retina (视网膜), with information about other aspects of its patients’ health collected from other hospitals around England. The dataset includes every one of the 300,000 patients who visited Moorfields between 2014 and 2024 and were over the age of 40. The idea is to examine changes to people’s eyes within that ten-year period, and link these with, say, the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease in the same patient. Drs Wagner and Keane are searching for patterns in the eye that betray (泄露) the appearance of disease elsewhere in the body, and are focusing first on Alzheimer’s disease. They will seek such patterns with the help of algorithms (程序) that can spot far tinier variations. They may, it should be remembered, never find such patterns. Although there is evidence that the back of the eye does change as its owner develops Alzheimer’s, it may be that the changes are too small to be detected reliably enough for diagnosis. If such patterns could be recognized reliably, though, the potential impact would be huge. Even in rich countries, between 50% and 80% of Alzheimer’s cases go undiagnosed. Moreover, even if the technique does not work for Alzheimer’s, it might work for something else. Dr. Wagner and Dr. Keane therefore plan further searches for patterns related to strokes and heart disease. If it does work, the technique the two researchers are proposing will be cheap to carry out. Also, the equipment and algorithms to perform an eye scan are available to anyone, through cloud-computing services like Google and Amazon. 2．Why does theAlzEye project attempt to change the way diseases are diagnosed? A．It can’t offer all-around health information. B．It can’t find early signs of illness effectively. C．Doctors are interested in new medical fields. D．Hospitals can’t afford the equipment and training. 3．Drs Wagner and Keane use eye scans to _________. A．decide whether the patients’ retinas are healthy B．compare Moorfields’ database with other hospitals’ C．explore the use of algorithms in detecting Alzheimer’s D．find the connections between eye changes and appearances 4．What do we learn about the AlzEye project? A．It examines the lifelong changes to 300,000 patients’ eyes. B．It can correctly diagnose Alzheimer’s cases by scanning eyes. C．It may be applied to find other diseases besides Alzheimer’s. D．It provides cloud-computing services with Google and Amazon. 5．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．The Future of Disease Diagnosis: Eye Scans for All B．Eye Health: A Window to the Body’s Overall Condition C．Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Method D．AlzEye: Using Eye Scans to Detect Early Signs of Disease 7．(24-25高一上·云南昆明盘龙区·期末)Archaeological findings show that Chankillo, which is located in the desert of Peru near the Casma-Sechin river, may be the earliest known observatory (天文台) in the Americas. Built over 2,300 years ago, the site has a platform, thirteen towers on the nearby hill, and a temple. There are also stones and walls with confusing entrances to prevent visitors who are not welcome. New discovery has found that Chankillo was used for a short period of time between the fourth century BCE and the early first century CE. But it was later given up, and remained largely forgotten until the nineteenth century. Chankillo is unique among ancient observatory sites because of its two observation points; similar sites around the world only have one point, which does not provide the measurement to track passage of time over a full year. The thirteen towers of Chankillo, located between two observation points, mark the full year’s cycle (循环) of sunrises or sunsets, which slowly move across the skyline throughout the year. By watching the sunrise or sunset from the observation points, the people in Chankillo would have been able to determine the date within one to two days and could therefore work out the schedule of seasonal events, including planting and gathering times, as well as the festivals. Archaeological findings at Chankillo also suggest that sun admiration appeared in the Andes around 2,000 years before the well-known Inca Empire. In July 2021, the Chankillo Observatory was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as an outstanding example of architectural and scientific heritage in human history. This choice shows that it’s very important for learning about how ancient people thought and watched the skies, ensuring this special heritage continues to benefit all people. 2．What prevented unwelcome visitors from entering Chankillo? A．A temple. B．Thirteen towers. C．A platform. D．Confusing entrances. 3．Why was Chankillo unique among ancient observatories? A．It had the oldest design. B．It was built in the desert. C．It tracked the passage of time. D．It had two observation points. 4．Which of the following events was most likely to happen to people in Chankillo? A．They divided a year into 12 months. B．They celebrated the Spring Festival. C．They farmed according to the seasons. D．They got their food mainly by hunting. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Chankillo: an Ancient Observatory B．UNESCO’s World Heritage List C．The Inca Empire and Sun Admiration D．The History of Peru’s Ancient Sites 8．(24-25高一上·云南昆明盘龙区·期末)The characters on the “oracle bones (甲骨) ” is an ancient form of Chinese writing, dating back 3,000 years. But their study has been challenging: the bones are easily falling apart, copies of the characters made by ink rubbings (油墨拓印) can be unclear or incomplete and pieces of oracle bones are preserved in different national museums in China and around the world. Up until now, scientists have only deciphered about 1,000 of the 4,000 characters identified into modern languages. Now researchers in Beijing are using AI to fast-track the basic but necessary work of comparing each character with thousands of others in databases (数据库). “This is a great example of human-computer partnership,” said Mo Bofeng, a professor from Capital Normal University. Before the project, studying oracle bones characters was hard work. Scientists had to compare each picture to find the same or the similar ones with eyes. “In the past, this work fell only on the shoulders of masters with rich experience and good memory, but their study only led to handful findings.” Jiang Yubin, a researcher at Fudan University. “The project has managed to complete various comparison in a quick, fruitful and exciting way,” he added. In November 2022, in just one week, the Diviner Project completed its main task, comparing 181,134 pieces across 100 databases. It not only recognised tens of thousands of former identified copies but also found more than 300 new pairs. This is just the first step. “Now the project is to clean the data and recover the data to the primary form by joining small pieces to a big one,” said Wu. “With this, we hope we can move on to the final challenge, understanding the meaning of these characters.” 2．What does the underlined word “deciphered” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Copied. B．Translated. C．Divided. D．Preserved. 3．What was the old study method like before the Diviner Project? A．Slow and hard. B．Simple and fun. C．Easy and quick. D．Smart and exciting. 4．What is the main purpose of the Diviner Project? A．To protect oracle bones kept in museums. B．To create a database of all known oracle bones. C．To compare and identify oracle bones characters. D．To promote the study of oracle bones on television. 5．What can be inferred from Wu’s words? A．Small pieces of the data are useless. B．The project needs further development. C．Recovering the data is the hardest work. D．The meaning of the characters is understood. 9．(24-25高一上·云南昆明五华区·期末)Ong uyan madongo? You probably don’t know how to answer this question — unless you happen to be one of the nearly 430 people in the world who speak a language called Matukar Panau. Then you would know it means “How are you?” Matukar Panau is one of the world’s rarest languages. It is spoken in just two small coastal villages in Papua New Guinea. With so few speakers, the language is vanishing and endangered. It has so few speakers that its words soon may never be spoken or heard again. David Harrison, a language expert at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania, together with his teammates, didn’t want that to happen to Matukar Panau. So they set out for Papua New Guinea. Their goal: use modern technology to help the remaining speakers preserve their native tongue. They interviewed native speakers and to their surprise, the locals replied with excitement and said the language “is important for our identity (身份认同).” These villagers even knew the Internet existed. They also knew it was a powerful tool for learning and sharing information. So these people wanted to use the Internet to help them. Together with the scientists, these villagers created a “talking dictionary”. This online resource provides translations between English and Matukar Panau and also includes the pronunciations, so users can listen to the correct pronunciation of each word. That same year, electricity and the Internet reached those coastal villages. For many, a first stop on the Internet was the “talking dictionary” they had helped create. It now includes more than 4,000 words and 171 photos that help explain those words. “The first time they saw the Internet, they could hear the voices of their elders and see them speaking their language,” Harrison said. The moment was powerful because it showed these villagers “their language is just as good as any other.” 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To explain an idea. C．To provide an example. D．To make comparisons. 3．What does the underlined word “vanishing” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Changing. B．Disappearing. C．Improving. D．Spreading. 4．What amazed the researchers when interviewing the villagers? A．Their use of the Internet. B．Their protection of the coast. C．Their need to share information. D．Their wish to protect the language. 5．How does the “talking dictionary” work? A．It teaches villagers how to get online. B．It helps natives master other languages. C．It turns written words into spoken ones. D．It records words and related information. 10．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪·期末)Have you ever joyously stepped out to your backyard garden, freshly made coffee in hand, only to find your beloved plants dying? Was the soil too dry? Did pests find their way in? During times like these, some frustrated gardeners may wish their plants would just tell them what they need. A new Microsoft-partnered project in the UK is trying to see if that concept can be demonstrated in the real-word. Next year, the Royal Horticultural Society in England will show off an “intelligent garden” that uses an AI model to monitor the garden’s environment and inform gardeners when it needs care. The garden will rely on a network of sensors positioned throughout the garden measuring environmental factors like soil moisture, alkalinity(碱度), and nutrient levels as well as wind and rainfall. All of that data is then sent to a specially designed AI model to analyze and inform gardeners on feeding, watering, or cutting. In theory, insights provided by models like this one could help gardeners use resources efficiently and avoid over-watering plants before rainfall, both of which can aid in sustainability (持续性)efforts. Those tools could be a welcome convenience for casual growers or businesses looking to decrease costs. The designers wanted to avoid falling into the trap of making the AI garden feel overly artificial. Though sensors and algorithms(算法)play a critical role in maintaining the plants, the actual physical design of the space was left up to humans. The result is a “forest garden concept” lush with biodiversity and greenery. “AI hasn’t designed the garden. Instead, AI is assisting the gardeners looking after it,” they said. Once the exhibit concludes, the garden will reportedly live on as an accessible community space. 2．What is the author’s purpose of describing the scene in paragraph 1? A．To prove the accuracy of the concept. B．To arouse the readers’ interest in the topic. C．To make a comparison between gardeners. D．To introduce people’s doubts about the project. 3．What information does the network of sensors offer? A．The detailed analysis of the AI models. B．The specific positions of the gardeners. C．The environmental factors of various plants. D．The necessary resources to monitor the plants. 4．What influence can these AI models have? A．They assist in designing the gardens. B．They increase the cost of growing plants. C．They help gardeners to read plants to care them better. D．They push the sustainable development of the local economy. 5．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．AI-assisted gardens are already widespread in England. B．Humans will feel the intelligent gardens overly artificial. C．AI models are to replace gardeners in maintaining gardens. D．Humans determine the physical appearance and soul of gardens. 11．(23-24高一上·云南昭通·期末)A study by University of Michigan researchers found that about mine out of ten people in New York City were exposed to noises that were high enough to harm their hearing. Some of the risk comes from traffic and other environmental sounds, but we suffer a lot of punishment on our ears by simply attending sports events and concerts. Listening to music through earphones and turning up the volume also do damage. Hearing aids may have seemed not comfortable to wear for some people. But today, you might not even realize that the person next to you is wearing a pair of earphones so small and thin that they’re mostly hidden inside the ears. You might be even more surprised to discover that the person can adjust those hearing aids on a phone app — to make it easier to hear what you’re saying in a crowded, noisy environment. “There’s a cool factor for hearing aids,” explains Dr. Hope Lanter. “They’re significantly (显著地) better and smaller.” Lanter is the lead audiologist (听力学家) for hear. com, an online source for hearing aids from various producers, which also offers access to a nationwide network of audiologists who can provide in-person testing and help. Hear. com has started its own product, which is named the Horizon, together with engineers from hearing aid maker Signia, according to a news report. In addition to producing clear speech, the Horizon is also designed to interact with phones and other tools, make phone calls, stream podcasts, read e-books and so on. Throughout the United States, the number of hearing aids and earphones is on the rapid increase. Though they have brought much benefit for those who have difficulty in hearing, they really do great harm to people with normal hearing when they listen to music or talk with others. 2．Why did the author mention the study in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To show the number of deaf people. C．To explain the importance of protecting hearing. D．To tell us the wide use of earphones. 3．What can we infer about hearing aids from Lanter’s words? A．Many people feel it awkward to wear hearing aids. B．More and more people are wearing hearing aids now. C．Hearing aids are getting more and more advanced. D．It’s easier to stay away from loud noises with hearing aids. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards hearing aids and earphones? A．Unfavorable. B．Supportive. C．Confident. D．Not mentioned. 5．What’s the text mainly about? A．Loud noises in the United States. B．Different earphones producers. C．The advantages of hearing aids. D．The wide use of hearing aids and earphones. 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、心理 1．(24-25高一上·云南昭通昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Languages are windows to different cultures, allowing us to connect with others from around the world. But learning a new language not just has a simple conversation or has access to different words, concepts. A study by Dr. Thomas Bak who is a lecturer at Edinburgh’s School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences showed that bilingual (双语的) young learners performed better on attention tests and had better concentration than those who spoke only one language. Dr. Bak tested 853 participants in 1947, when they were all 11 years old, and retested them when they were in their early 70s. He found that bilingual learners performed better than expected. The strongest effects were seen in general intelligence and reading. The results showed that learning a new language in adulthood still has positive results. There is another study visualize the benefits of learning a new language on the brain. The researchers conducted the study on two groups of scholars; One that studied languages and another that studied non-linguistic subjects. The MRI scans showed that the brains of the participants studying languages increased in size, while the brain sizes of the other group remained the same. The studies suggest the bilingualism improves the brain’s executive (可执行的) function. Learning another language is one of the most effective and practical ways to increase intelligence, keep your mind sharp, and buffer (减缓) your brain against aging. “As a language learner, you’ll not only become a more conscious thinker and listener who can communicate clearly and think creatively, but you’ll also gain the most significant benefit of multilingualism: A broader, more global perspective,” writes Dan Roitman of Pimsleur in the Huffington Post. 2．What did the study by Dr. Thomas Bak show? A．Bilingual learners performed better in everything. B．One should learn a foreign language as early as possible. C．Learning a new language in adulthood has no positive results. D．Young people who learn a foreign language have better concentration than those who don’t. 3．How does studying languages affect our brains? A．Our brains remain the same size whether we study foreign languages or not. B．Our intelligence will increase if we study a foreign language. C．Our brains will become older if we study a foreign language. D．We will become more intelligent if we study our mother language hard. 4．Which opinion does Dan Roitman agree to? A．Going aboard is very useful for language learning. B．Learning language is useful to person’s development. C．Language learners are merely good at thinking and listening. D．Language learners can live longer than non-verbal learner. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Language learning leads to a brighter future. B．The relationship between learning and brain. C．Learning a new language helps brain development. D．Stopping learning languages can get a creative brain. 2．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪·期末)As we grow older, we may forget things we once knew. However, according to a new study, the music we have listened to may stay with us forever. The study was led by Sarah Sauve, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln. She recruited (招募) around 120 healthy adults aged from 18 to 86 and asked them to listen to three melodic phrases taken from musical pieces to be performed at a concert. They then attended the concert and made notes whenever they heard the phrases playing. The results showed that the participants recognized the phrases equally well, despite age differences. Researchers believe that this is because music activates the amygdala (杏仁体). “We know from general memory research that, effectively, the amygdala — or emotional processing — operates a little bit like an important stamp,” Steffen Herff, a scientist at the University of Sydney, told Nature. In other words, the brain identifies the music as something so important that it must be stored safely for a long time. Musical memories are also made exceptionally resistant to time by other parts of the brain. For example, the cortex (大脑皮层) responsible for motion responds to a song’s rhythm, while the auditory (听觉的) cortex analyzes the pitch (音调). In other words, music has the power to “light up” the whole brain, said Science Daily. Therefore, music can be used to “unlock memories” in patients suffering from neural disorders (神经系统疾病), said Assal Habibi, a researcher at the University of Southern California. Habibi is trying to help patients with Alzheimer’s disease reconnect to their “sense of self” via music. Even better, in the future, music can help doctors detect neural diseases. For example, if someone has trouble recognizing music that was extremely popular in their childhood, they may potentially be experiencing neural disorders. 2．What does Sarah Sauve’s study mainly deal with? A．The causes of memory loss. B．The impact of music on memory. C．The benefits of listening to music. D．The differences of the 3 melodic phrases. 3．What is the function of “amygdala” when we are listening to music? A．Taking notes of the pitch. B．Responding to the rhythm. C．Identifying music worth storing. D．Activating and lighting up the brain. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Music helps doctors cure neural disorders. B．The application of music therapy is limited. C．Music can help detect neural diseases now. D．Music can be a useful tool in helping Alzheimer’s patients. 5．What does the text mainly talk about? A．People can’t live without music. B．Music leaves traces in our mind forever. C．A study presents the work process of music therapy. D．Scientists do research on the ways to improve memory. 3．(24-25高一上·云南昆明第一中学·期末)Telling jokes requires creativity, smartness, imagination and the ability to tell a story. Listening to jokes demands attention, brainpower and being in the right state of mind to enjoy jokes. Besides, there are also clear similarities between joke tellers and appreciators. A new study tries to find other connections between creating and appreciating humor. The author carried on the cartoon caption (字幕) task. 159 subjects were shown 30 cartoons without captions and were asked to come up with funny captions. Later, researchers rated those captions based on how funny they were. The results showed that creating funny captions was negatively (负面地) related to appreciation of humor. In other words, funny people tend to find jokes less funny than other people do. It is not clear why this is the case. However, one possibility is that creators of great humor have higher standards of humor creativity. They also expect higher levels of creativity from people who tell jokes, compared to those who are not so good at creating humor. Moreover, outgoing people and those who are open to new experiences found the cartoons funnier. But surprisingly, outgoing people are less likely to be funny. This is in agreement with my own research that performers in the field of comedy were more introverted than the general population. They usually don’t like to express themselves in social situations. Appreciation and creation of humor are two different tasks. This is why when someone tells you he or she has a great sense of humor, you may ask, “Are you good at telling jokes or do you enjoy laughing more?” 2．Which quality is shared by joke tellers and appreciators? A．Attention. B．Creativity. C．Imagination    . D．Smartness. 3．What can we learn about the study from Paragraph 2? A．Its value. B．Its process. C．Its effects. D．Its findings. 4．What can be inferred about funny people? A．They expect to hear quality jokes. B．They turn out to be less creative. C．They struggle to understand jokes. D．They have low standards of humor. 5．What does the underlined word “introverted” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Quiet and reserved. B．Open and easygoing. C．Social and creative. D．Funny and outgoing. 4．(24-25高一上·云南师范大学附属镇雄中学教研联盟·)When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture (做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex (运动皮层)—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class—and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 2．Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A．To count words. B．To record emotion. C．To influence brain activity. D．To give clues to questions. 3．What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A．Adults and children are equally good learners. B．Pictures have little influence on language learning. C．Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D．Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 4．What will probably be talked about in the next paragraph of the text? A．What gestures to use at math class. B．How to make better use of gestures. C．How to teach listening in a systematic way. D．Why teachers should show some pictures when teaching. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The motor cortex promotes learning. B．Gestures benefit vocabulary learning. C．Teachers should apply more gestures at class. D．Gestures are better than pictures in vocabulary learning. 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护、动物保护 1．(24-25高一上·云南昆明第一中学·期末)Red pandas live in forests where they prefer to be near water and have a good supply of bamboo. They are mostly active in the late evening and early morning, and they sleep during most of the day. They take the trees for shelter and to hide from predators (捕食者). About 98% of a red panda’s main food is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing, farming and mining. Natural disasters such as landslides, floods, heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. Forest fires and issues with bamboo flowering have similar effects on the red panda’s habitat. As people move into the area, they often collect bamboo, leaving less for red pandas to eat. Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. With worldwide support, there are at least 19 protected areas in India, 5 in Bhutan and 3 in Myanmar. The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. The WWF is also working to protect red pandas. Because more than a third of its habitat is in Nepal, the group works with yak herders (牦牛牧民) there to lower their effect on the red panda’s habitat. 2．Why is it challenging for red pandas to find enough food? A．They are not active hunters. B．Their habitats are short of water. C．Their habitats are threatened. D．They struggle to identify bamboos. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Global efforts to protect red pandas. B．Serious situations faced by red pandas. C．Asia’s official protection of red pandas. D．China’s advantage in keeping red pandas. 4．What does the Red Panda Network do? A．Force yak herders to move away. B．Offer support to the local groups. C．Attract people to feed red pandas. D．Help experts to carry out research. 5．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Reason for Decrease of Red Pandas B．The Influence of Habitats on Red Pandas C．The Threat and Protection of Red Pandas D．The Key Points for Red Pandas’ Survival 2．(24-25高一上·云南云南师范大学附属中学·期末)Rats usually get a bad reputation, particularly in big cities. However, in Tanzania, they are hard workers that can save lives with their powerful sense of smell. In fact, they are so good at their job that they've got the name “HeroRATs.” On top of being highly trained rats with a mission, they look absolutely adorable in their work uniforms, which include tiny vests and backpacks. APOPO, a non-profit organization devoted to training rats and other smell detection (探测) animals for humanitarian purposes, is behind this unique operation. In the beginning, APOPO trained rats to locate bombs and detect diseases. Now, a study published recently has shown they may be just as good at recognizing the smell of illegal animal parts being smuggled (走私) , like elephant tusks and rhino horns. For the study, 11 rats were trained to detect wildlife products inside shipping containers. To achieve this, the rats learned to identify smuggled wildlife items in a controlled laboratory setting. They also learned how to show this to humans by holding their noses close to their hidden target (目标) for a few seconds. Later, they were equipped with vests, measuring how quickly they could pull an electronic micros witch to signal when they had found a wildlife target in a mock (模拟的) port environment. After finding the illegal items, the rats were rewarded with a treat. “Rats have low training and management costs, a long lifespan, and an excellent sense of smell,” researchers at their training headquarters in Morogoro, in eastern Tanzania explain. “Their small size also offers unique abilities for the examining of shipping containers.” While this was done in a controlled setting, the organization is already planning to use rats in real-life situations sometime in the future — complete with their cute uniforms. Dr. Kate Webb, co-first author of the training study says, “The vests are a great example of developing hardware that could be useful across different settings and tasks, including at a shipping port to detect smuggled wildlife.” 2．Why are rats called “HeroRATs” in Tanzania? A．Because they have lovely appearances. B．Because they have helped cure diseases. C．Because they play a great role in wildlife protection. D．Because they can save lives with their sense of direction. 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The intelligence of rats. B．The training of rats. C．The strengths of rats. D．The application of rats. 4．What is true about the rats in the study? A．They lived for a short period of time. B．They were trained in a real port at first. C．They got a reward after locating the target. D．They were first trained to detect smuggled items. 5．What will the researchers do next? A．To test rats in real situations. B．To improve the equipment of the rats. C．To develop hardware for various situations. D．To explore other areas where rats can be used. 3．(24-25高一上·云南昆明西山区·期末)There are only two northern white rhinos left on the earth, both of which are female, named Najin and Fatu. They were born in 1989 and 2000 and now live in the OI Pejeta Reserve in Kenya. The northern white rhino is a species of the white rhinos that was once found in sevcral countrics across Central and East Africa.They are grazers primarily feeding on grasses. Sadly, due to illegal hunting and habitat loss, the northern white rhino is now on the edge of extihction Professionals have been making great efforts to protect them. The reserve provides 24-hour armed guards to ensure their safety. Scientists are also working hard on reproductive technologies. They have successfully collected female reproductive cells from Najin and Fatu and created embryos (胚胎) through man-made process with frozen reproductive cells from male northern white rhinos. However, challenges remain. The two fomale rhinos are unable to carry the embryos naturally due to age and health problems, and the process of putting embryos into southern white rhinos is difficult and time-consuming. Despite these difficulties, professionals are still focused on saving this precious species, hoping to prevent their complete disappcarance. The leading scientist Thomas Hildebrandt said, “We achieved together something which was not believed to be possible. That is really a milestone to allow us to produce northern white rhino calves in the next two years.” Still, other scientists like Steven Seet argued, “We have to consider some questions before starting the project. Should we devote so much in a species with only two females left? Should we humans continue to make decisions for this endangered species?” 2．What does the word “gruzers” in phragraph 2 refer to? A．Large-sized animals. B．Meat-fed animals. C．Plant-eating animals. D．Group-living animals. 3．How are the last two northern white rhinos being protected? A．Moving them to safer habitats. B．Tracking them for close watch. C．Providing them with new shelters. D．Protecting them with armed guards. 4．What is Steven Seet’s attitude of the protection efforts? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The variety of global wildlife species. B．The introduction of OI Pejeta Reserve. C．The efforts of saving northern white rhinos. D．The overview of wildlife preservation history. 4．(24-25高一上·云南昆明五华区·期末)Global warming is greatly affecting sea turtle babies — 99% of them are being born female. Sea turtle populations have been facing an obvious population drop, which are further worsened by climate change. Floridian sea turtles for the past four years have been facing the hottest summers in Florida state history. Bette Zirkelback, a manager of the Turtle Hospital within the Florida Keys, noted that, “Scientists, who are studying sea turtle hatching (孵化), have found no male sea turtles and only female sea turtles for the past four years.” This surprising trend shows how climate change is affecting the species and how animals struggle to adapt to these unnatural changes. Commonly, sex is determined before birth, but in sea turtles, something unique happens. When female sea turtles bury their eggs in the sand, the sex is decided by the temperature of the sand on the beaches. These turtle eggs will hatch for around two months, and their sex is decided by a temperature difference of around 4 degrees. Sea turtles that hatch below 27.7℃ will be born male. If sea turtles hatch above 31℃, they will be born female. Melissa Rosales Rodriguez, a sea turtle keeper at the Miami Zoo Turtle Hospital, expressed her concerns saying, “In the years to come, we’re going to see an obvious drop in their population because we just don’t have the genetic diversity (基因多样性). We don’t have the male-to-female rate needed in order to be able to have enough sea turtle babies.” Therefore, in sea turtle hatching grounds around the world, there is a huge need for sea turtle protection centers to ensure the future of sea turtles. 2．What is the major threat to sea turtles? A．Habitat loss. B．Human activities. C．Climate change. D．Water pollution. 3．What can be inferred about sea turtles from Paragraph 3? A．They have a fixed male-to-female rate. B．They require high temperatures to hatch. C．Their eggs are laid on the beach surface. D．Their sex is affected by sand temperature. 4．What does the author suggest for sea turtles? A．Establishing preservation sites globally. B．Improving the success rate of hatching. C．Fixing the sand temperature to a fit level. D．Protecting the eggs from their enemies. 5．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Ways to Ensure the Future of Sea Turtles B．The Drop of Female Sea Turtle Populations C．Why 99% of Sea Turtles Are Born Female? D．How Climate Change Is Killing Sea Turtles? 5．(24-25高一上·云南师范大学附属镇雄中学教研联盟·)For 234 years, the bald eagle (白头鹫) has been an official symbol of the US. It is, after all, the national animal. But in May, 2016, the former President Barack Obama signed a law naming the bison (野牛) the national mammal. Since then, the eagle has had to share its perch. The North American bison has long been a symbol of the West. “No other native animal tells America’s story better. It is a long-lasting symbol of power, Native American culture, and the Western wildness. At one time, tens of millions of bison lived in North America. For Native American communities, bison were a source of food and clothing. Bison were at the very heart of their traditional way of life,” says Missouri congressman William Lacy. That way of life changed in the mid-1800s. People began to travel west and hunt bison. Some hunted for the same reason as Native Americans did. But others killed bison for sport. In 1894, it became illegal to kill bison. But it was almost too late. By the early 1900s, fewer than 1,000 wild bison remained in America. Some people realized the animals needed to be saved. President Theodore Roosevelt, William Hornaday — the first director of the Bronx Zoo, in New York City — and others formed the American Bison Society. The group was to bring back the bison. Native American tribes (部落) and locals also joined the fight. By the mid-1930s, bison were no longer in danger. Today, there are about 500,000 North American bison. They live in all 50 states. “Only about 30,000 of those animals are living as truly wild bison. Others live on protected lands or in zoos,” says Pat Thomas, the associate director of the Bronx Zoo. Thomas says naming the bison the national mammal was an important step in making sure the animal is well protected. “This recognition is beginning to complete the circle,” he says, “from a time when there were millions of wild bison, to when bison were hunted until they nearly died out, to the beginning of the recovery.” 2．What does the underlined word “perch” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Famous name. B．High place. C．Office. D．Food. 3．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of bison in American culture. B．The process bison became the national animal. C．The reason why bison became endangered. D．The result brought by a law against killing them. 4．What do we know about the American Bison Society? A．It contributed much to bison protection. B．It hunted bison for food and clothing. C．It was founded by the president of America. D．It helped keep bison in the wild. 5．What was Thomas’ attitude towards the May law on bison? A．Dissatisfied. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 说明文 阅读理解C篇 以下汇编的阅读理解C篇说明文（侧重于介绍事实、研究结果、技术应用或文化现象，而非论证观点），按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、文化 1.小说的定义、起源、特点及基本元素 难度：0.85 2.Google的Bard AI工具整合Gmail等服务的功能与应用 难度：0.85 3.廊桥的文化意义、保护措施与旅游结合 难度：0.85 4.独竹漂作为非物质文化遗产的起源与表演创新 难度：0.65 5.AI创作肖像画（如Alan Turing画像）的拍卖与技术创新 难度：0.65 6.使用眼部扫描技术检测阿尔茨海默病等疾病的研究项目 难度：0.65 7.Chankillo天文台作为古老观测站的历史与建筑特点 难度：0.65 8.AI技术破译甲骨文文字的项目（Diviner Project）与方法 难度：0.65 9.濒危语言Matukar Panau的保护与“会说话词典”的创建 难度：0.65 10.AI智能花园项目使用传感器和算法监测植物需求 难度：0.4 11.助听器技术的发展、应用及对听力的影响 难度：0.4 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、心理 1.学习语言对大脑发展、智力提升的益处研究 难度：0.65 2.音乐对记忆保留的长期影响及神经机制研究 难度：0.65 3.幽默创造与欣赏的心理学研究及个体差异 难度：0.65 4.手势对词汇学习的影响及认知机制研究 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护、动物保护 1.小熊猫的栖息地威胁、保护项目及全球努力 难度：0.85 2.老鼠在检测走私野生动物制品中的作用与训练过程 难度：0.65 3.北方白犀牛的濒危状况、保护努力及繁殖技术 难度：0.65 4.气候变化对海龟性别比例的影响及保护措施 难度：0.65 5.野牛作为美国国家哺乳动物的历史、保护及文化意义 难度：0.65 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、社会趋势、教育、文化 1．(24-25高一上·云南红河州、文山州·期末)The novel — a world contained within pages, a playground for words and ideas. With our daily lives ruled by screens, reading a good novel is a great escape and a smart choice for many to kill time. But what exactly is a novel? A novel is an invented work of prose (散文) that puts together characters, plots, and settings to create a narrative (记叙的) world, centering on a specific theme or element of the human experience. The word “novel” comes from the Italian term novella, which originally meant “new” or “news” and referred to short, new stories. Over time, these stories developed into longer, more complex narratives, leading to the modern novel. Though storytelling has ancient roots, the novel as we know began to take shape in the 17th and 18th centuries, with authors such as Miguel de Cervantes (Don Quixote) and Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe) pioneering the form. Often, style and length are the two key factors that set novels apart from other literary works. While short stories can be read in a single time, novels are much longer narratives in chapters or parts, needing more time. Due to their length, novels deliver a wider and more detailed exploration of stories, emotions, and ideas. The unique style of novels comes from prose — a natural flow of language that copies everyday speech. Unlike verse (诗句) which depends on strict structures, prose is more flexible in sentence structure and length. This allows novels to look deeply into character development, dialogue, and narrative complexity. There are several basic elements of great novels, which are important to know if you are thinking about writing your own novel. Let’s explore each one in detail. 2．Which of the following is a novel? A．An article describing a beautiful place. B．A long story telling a boy’s adventure on an island. C．A report recording a historical moment in the world. D．An essay explaining the differences between two cultures. 3．What did the word “novel” originally refer to? A．Short and new stories. B．Unique and strict verse. C．Modern and popular songs. D．Specific and sad experience. 4．How is the novel different from verse according to the text? A．It is larger in using vocabulary. B．It is richer in expressing emotions. C．It is more popular among young people. D．It is freer in sentence structure and length. 5．What might the author continue talking about? A．Strict structures of great verse. B．Deep exploration of short stories. C．Important elements of great novels. D．Famous novel authors of different times. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【难度】1.85 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了小说的定义、起源、特点及其基本元素。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A novel is an invented work of prose (散文) that puts together characters, plots, and settings to create a narrative (记叙的) world, centering on a specific theme or element of the human experience. (小说是一种虚构的散文作品，它将人物、情节和背景结合在一起，创造出一个叙事世界，以人类经历的特定主题或元素为中心)”可知，小说是记叙性散文，B选项“A long story telling a boy’s adventure on an island. (一个讲述男孩在岛上冒险的长篇故事)”符合小说的定义。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The word “novel” comes from the Italian term novella, which originally meant “new” or “news” and referred to short, new stories. (“小说”一词来自意大利语novella，最初的意思是“新的”或“新闻”，指的是简短的新故事)”可知，“小说”一词最初指的是简短的新故事。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The unique style of novels comes from prose — a natural flow of language that copies everyday speech. Unlike verse (诗句) which depends on strict structures, prose is more flexible in sentence structure and length. (小说独特的风格来源于散文——一种模仿日常语言的自然流畅的表达方式。与依赖于严格结构的诗句不同，散文在句子结构和长度上更加灵活)”可知，小说（散文）与诗句的不同在于句子结构和长度上更加自由。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are several basic elements of great novels, which are important to know if you are thinking about writing your own novel. Let’s explore each one in detail. (伟大的小说有几个基本元素，如果你想写自己的小说，了解这些元素是很重要的。让我们详细探讨每一个元素)”可知，作者接下来可能会继续谈论伟大小说的重要元素。故选C。 2．(24-25高一上·云南·期末)Google has linked its Bard artificial intelligence (AI) tool to its Gmail service and other company offerings. The American-based search engine company says the change will permit its users to easily use the AI technology across different product areas. Bard is a chatbot, which can help write articles and interact smoothly with humans. Such tools are also known as “large language models”. The first widely released (发布) chatbot was ChatGPT. It was launched (推出) by technology company OpenAI last year. Google announced the launch of its Bard tool last February. And soon Microsoft announced it was redesigning its Bing search engine to include OpenAl’s chatbot technology. Microsoft has spent billions of dollars on OpenAI. In an announcement Tuesday, Google said it had created a system that makes it possible for users to apply the AI tool to other company services, or apps. This brings Bard technology to Google products including Gmail, Drive, YouTube, Maps, etc. One example is a possible solution to someone planning a major family trip. In such a case, a series of Google apps can be used together with Bard. A user can ask Bard to use Google Flights to look up flight dates that would work for the trip. Bard can also be used to book available hotel rooms and connect with Google Maps to provide everyone with directions to the airport. And users could also use Bard to find YouTube videos of things to do during the trip. 2．What do we know about Bard? A．It was launched late last year. B．It can replace other AI services. C．It was released before ChatGPT. D．It can help humans write articles. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Microsoft. B．OpenAI. C．ChatGPT. D．Gmail. 4．How does the author develop the Last Paragraph? A．By following time order. B．By giving an example. C．By making comparisons. D．By listing numbers. 5．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Google’s New AI Tool — Bard B．Google’s Bright Future — Gmail C．The World Will Be Changed by AI D．ChatGPT Will Be Widely Accepted 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【难度】1.85 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍谷歌将Bard人工智能工具与旗下服务整合的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bard is a chatbot, which can help write articles and interact smoothly with humans. (Bard是一款聊天机器人，可以帮助撰写文章并与人类进行流畅互动。)” 可知，Bard能帮助人类写文章。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The first widely released (发布) chatbot was ChatGPT. It was launched (推出) by technology company OpenAI last year. Google announced the launch of its Bard tool last February. And soon Microsoft announced it was redesigning its Bing search engine to include OpenAl's chatbot technology. (首个广泛发布的聊天机器人是ChatGPT，由科技公司OpenAI于去年推出。Google在去年2月宣布推出Bard工具。不久后，Microsoft宣布它将重新设计Bing搜索引擎，纳入OpenAI的聊天机器人技术。)”可知，it指代Microsoft。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One example is a possible solution to someone planning a major family trip. In such a case, a series of Google apps can be used together with Bard. A user can ask Bard to use Google Flights to look up flight dates that would work for the trip. Bard can also be used to book available hotel rooms and connect with Google Maps to provide everyone with directions to the airport. And users could also use Bard to find YouTube videos of things to do during the trip. (以计划一次大型家庭旅行为例，这一系统提供了可行的解决方案。在这种情况下，一系列Google应用程序可与Bard结合使用：用户可以让Bard调用Google Flights查询适合旅行的航班日期，也可以使用Bard预订可用的酒店房间，并连接Google Maps为所有人提供前往机场的路线。用户还可以通过Bard查找YouTube上关于旅行期间活动的视频。)”可知，作者通过举例子展开段落。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Google has linked its Bard artificial intelligence (AI) tool to its Gmail service and other company offerings. (Google已将Bard人工智能工具与其Gmail服务和其他公司产品连接。)”可知，文章围绕Google整合Bard技术展开，标题应为“Google’s New AI Tool — Bard (Google的新人工智能工具——Bard)”。故选 A。 3．(23-24高一上·云南昆明官渡区·期末)A three-year nationwide action plan to better protect ancient covered bridges (廊桥) started on Monday in Taishun county, Wenzhou city in East China’s Zhejiang province. Covered bridges not only serve as means of transportation and communication. They are also acting as places to rest and for leisurely gatherings, sites for making offerings and even market areas for trading. “Covered bridges are an important part of traditional Chinese culture, with a long history and rich diversity,” said Huang Zi, a lead expert at the Zhejiang Ancient Architecture Design and Research Institute. But their largely wooden structures and the variety of roles they play make them easier to be damaged. In 2016, three ancient covered bridges in Taishun were destroyed by heavy rains during a typhoon. In 2020, a covered bridge first built during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and most recently rebuilt in the 18th century in Wuyuan county, Jiangxi province, was destroyed by floodwaters. Not long ago, a 900-year-old covered bridge in Pingnan county, Fujian province, one of the longest in China, fell down in a fire at night in early August. Protective measures have already been put in place in areas with ancient covered bridges. It will be a long-term process, said Huang, and greater efforts should be made to keep that sustainable (可持续的). One key, according to Huang, is to involve people’s concerns, needs and values in protecting the covered bridges. “More preservation knowledge should be communicated to people through related projects,” he said. More relevantly, the protection of covered bridges should be combined with tourism. “When people come to visit, walk and have fun there, those old covered bridges can truly show their energy and liveliness,” he said. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Different means of transportation. B．The roles of covered bridges. C．Places to communicate and rest. D．Trading areas of covered bridges. 3．How does the author develop paragraph 4? A．By making comparisons. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 4．What is the key factor to sustainable protection according to Huang? A．Projects to build different bridges. B．Knowledge about the bridge history. C．Public attention and participation. D．Communication about different values. 5．What can we infer about the covered bridges according to the passage? A．They were largely made of hard stones. B．The protective measures were not enough. C．The covered bridges in Taishun fell down in a fire. D．Tourism will do harm to their energy and liveliness. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【难度】1.85 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了廊桥的现状、作用、保护措施等。 1．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Covered bridges not only serve as means of transportation and communication. They are also acting as places to rest and for leisurely gatherings, sites for making offerings and even market areas for trading. (廊桥不仅是交通和通讯的工具。它们还可以作为休息和休闲聚会的场所，供物的场所，甚至是交易的市场区域。)”可知，第二段的主要描写廊桥的作用。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第四段“But their largely wooden structures and the variety of roles they play make them easier to be damaged. In 2016, three ancient covered bridges in Taishun were destroyed by heavy rains during a typhoon. In 2020, a covered bridge first built during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and most recently rebuilt in the 18th century in Wuyuan county, Jiangxi province, was destroyed by floodwaters. Not long ago, a 900-year-old covered bridge in Pingnan county, Fujian province, one of the longest in China, fell down in a fire at night in early August. (但是它们的大部分木质结构和它们扮演的各种角色使它们更容易被破坏。2016年，泰顺的三座古廊桥被台风期间的暴雨摧毁。2020年，江西省婺源县一座建于宋朝(960-1279)、最近于18世纪重建的廊桥被洪水摧毁。不久前，8月初的一个晚上，中国最长的廊桥之一、福建省平南县一座有着900年历史的廊桥在一场大火中倒塌。)”可知，通过举例展开第四段，说明它们更容易被破坏。故选C。 3．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“One key, according to Huang, is to involve people’s concerns, needs and values in protecting the covered bridges. (黄教授认为，保护廊桥的关键在于让人们的关注点、需求和价值观都参与进来。)”可知，黄认为，可持续保护的关键因素是公众关注和参与。故选C。 4．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“It will be a long-term process, said Huang, and greater efforts should be made to keep that sustainable (可持续的). (黄说，这将是一个长期的过程，需要付出更大的努力来保持可持续发展。)”和倒数第二段““More preservation knowledge should be communicated to people through related projects,” he said. (他说:“应该通过相关项目向人们传播更多的保护知识。”)”可知，对于廊桥的保护措施还不够。故选B。 4．(24-25高一上·云南德宏州·期末)You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down a river, all standing on a bamboo strip, but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage: single bamboo drifting (独竹漂). Over 2,000 years ago, the high-quality wood, nanmu, in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court in the north. With no better transportation, people had to stand on one log to drift down the river. Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born. In the Qing Dynasty, wood drifting became single bamboo drifting because of bamboo’s lower price. Due to various skills it takes for one to master this act, single bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021. Yang Liu, an inheritor (继承者) of single bamboo drifting, learned it at 7. “ Usually, the bamboo under our feet is about 9 meters long, and the bamboo in our hands is about 5 meters. If the length of the bamboo is not long enough, it will not float. Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key, so we should fight against the current (水流) by constantly changing the angle. I lost my balance and fell into the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part,” she said. The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going. Yang also shows creativity when spreading the culture of single bamboo drifting. For example, she includes dance in single bamboo drifting to make it more graceful. As hanfu culture has been on the rise, Yang started wearing hanfu while performing, creating a more beautiful feel. In 2020, Yang began to post her videos on social media. “ I’m extremely proud to get the response from viewers that single bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear. It’s my mission to keep it alive and make it known to more people,” Yang Liu told China Daily. 2．What can be learned from the second paragraph? A．Nanmu was delivered to the north by land. B．Single bamboo drifting needs lots of skills. C．Nanmu was in demand by the royal court in the south. D．Bamboo was expensive in Guizhou over 2,000 years ago. 3．What is the biggest challenge in learning single bamboo drifting? A．Keeping balance. B．Maintaining a fixed angle. C．Finding the proper bamboo. D．Holding the bamboo firmly in hands. 4．What do the viewers think of single bamboo drifting? A．It’s confusing. B．It’s unbelievable. C．It’s worrying. D．It’s terrible. 5．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Balancing with Grace B．Chinese Cultural Heritage C．Yang Liu: a Creative Performer D．Transporting Bamboo down the River 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述独竹漂入选非遗，传承人创新结合舞蹈与汉服，通过社交媒体弘扬传统技艺。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Due to various skills it takes for one to master this act, single bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021. (由于掌握这一行为需要多种技能，2021年，竹筏漂流被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。)”可知，独竹漂流需要很多技巧。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“I lost my balance and fell into the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part,” she said. (在练习的过程中，我多次失去平衡掉进水里。一旦我摔倒了，我就再试一次，直到我知道如何处理最困难的部分。”)”可知，学习独竹漂流最大的挑战是保持平衡。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down a river, all standing on a bamboo strip, but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage: single bamboo drifting (独竹漂). (当你看到人们站在竹篾上，在江中表演优美的动作时，你可能会想到武侠片，但实际上这是一种非物质文化遗产：独竹漂。)”可知，人们观看独竹漂时以为是在拍武侠片，即认为这不是真的。因此推断，观众认为独竹漂是不可思议的，难以置信的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down a river, all standing on a bamboo strip, but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage: single bamboo drifting (独竹漂). (当你看到人们站在竹篾上，在江中表演优美的动作时，你可能会想到武侠片，但实际上这是一种非物质文化遗产：单竹漂。)”可知，本文主要讲述独竹漂，即站在竹筏生保持平衡，表扬优美的动作。故选A。 5．(24-25高一上·云南云南师范大学附属中学·期末)Many believe that only humans can truly create art. But as technology rapidly advances, there’s a growing debate over whether AI-generated art should be respected just as highly. Just last week, on November 7, a portrait of mathematician Alan Turing became the first artwork created by a humanoid robot to be sold at auction (拍卖) , getting $1. 08 million at Sotheby's, New York. The portrait of Turing, titled A．I. God, was created by Ai-Da, an AI-powered robot introduced in 2019 by British art specialist Aidan Meller. Ai-Da, named after Ada Lovelace who was thought to be the world's first computer programmer, is regarded as “the-first - ultra-realistic humanoid AI robot artist”. The work honors Alan Turing, the pioneering mathematician whose work laid the foundation for modern computing and artificial intelligence. Although A．I. God was first expected to get up to $180, 000, a series of 27 bids (投标) drove the price over $1 million. Sotheby’s said in a statement, “Today’s record-breaking sale price marks a moment in the history of modern and contemporary art and reflects the growing communication between AI technology and the global art market. ” The robot Ai-Da first came up with the idea to create A．I. God during a discussion about “AI for good” with others in her studio. She then decided on the style, color, and tone of the portrait. Then she used the cameras in her eyes to process an image of Alan Turing as a reference. With her robotic hand, Ai-Da then painted on a small canvas, and the completed image was later enlarged using a printer. A．I. God was exhibited in 2024 at the UN during the AI for Good Global Summit in Geneva. Alongside her portrait of Turing, the exhibition included a self-portrait of Ai-Da herself and a painting of Ada Lovelace. Ai-Da, who uses AI to speak, said her art “invites viewers to think about the God-like nature of AI while considering the ethical (道德的) and social influence of these advances.” 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．The title of the portrait is Alan Turing. B．Ai-Da is considered as an AI robot artist. C．Alan Turing is the first computer programmer. D．Ai-Da is named after her creator Aidan Meller. 3．What is special about the portrait? A．It has made history in art. B．It is the first artwork created by AI. C．It is thought highly of by the public. D．It is sold at a price lower than expected. 4．How did Ai-Da create the portrait? A．Ai-Da created the painting on the computer. B．Ai-Da enlarged the portrait with her robotic hand. C．Ai-Da used an image of Alan Turing for reference. D．Ai-Da used cameras to take a photo of Alan Turing. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Portrait of Alan Turing Caught Public Attention. B．How Was a Portrait of Alan Turing Created by Ai-Da? C．Should Artworks Created by AI Be Respected as Highly? D．An AI-created Portrait Gained a High Price at an Auction. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI创作的数学家阿兰·图灵的肖像画在拍卖会上拍出了高价。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ai-Da, named after Ada Lovelace who was thought to be the world’s first computer programmer, is regarded as “the-first - ultra-realistic humanoid AI robot artist”. (Ai-Da，以被认为是以世界上第一位计算机程序员的Ada Lovelace命名，被誉为“第一位超现实主义人工智能机器人艺术家”)”可知，Ai-Da 被认为是人工智能机器人艺术家。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Sotheby’s said in a statement, “Today’s record-breaking sale price marks a moment in the history of modern and contemporary art and reflects the growing communication between AI technology and the global art market. ”(Sotheby在一份声明中表示：“今天的破纪录拍卖价格标志着现代和当代艺术史上的一个时刻，反映了人工智能技术与全球艺术之间日益增长的互动。”)”可推知，这幅肖像画的特别之处在于它在艺术史上创造了历史。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Then she used the cameras in her eyes to process an image of Alan Turing as a reference. (然后她用眼睛里的摄像头处理了一张艾伦·图灵的照片作为参考。)”可知，Ai-Da在创作这幅肖像时，使用了艾伦·图灵的照片作为参考。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Just last week, on November 7, a portrait of mathematician Alan Turing became the first artwork created by a humanoid robot to be sold at auction (拍卖) , getting $1. 08 million at Sotheby’s, New York.(就在上周，11月7日，一幅数学家阿兰·图灵的肖像画成为首件由类人机器人创作的艺术品，并在拍卖售出的艺术品，在纽约苏富比拍得108万美元。)”可知，文章主要介绍了AI创作的数学家阿兰·图灵的肖像画在拍卖会上拍出了高价，D项“一幅AI创作的肖像画在拍卖会上拍出了高价。”适合作文章标题，故选D。 6．(24-25高一上·云南曲靖会泽县·期末)The instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive, as is the training required to operate them. That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly for early signs of illness. A research project called AlzEye, run from Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, may change this. It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which to detect signals about the health of other organs. The doctors in charge of it, Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane, are linking Moorfields’ database of eye scans, which offer a detailed picture of the health of the retina (视网膜), with information about other aspects of its patients’ health collected from other hospitals around England. The dataset includes every one of the 300,000 patients who visited Moorfields between 2014 and 2024 and were over the age of 40. The idea is to examine changes to people’s eyes within that ten-year period, and link these with, say, the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease in the same patient. Drs Wagner and Keane are searching for patterns in the eye that betray (泄露) the appearance of disease elsewhere in the body, and are focusing first on Alzheimer’s disease. They will seek such patterns with the help of algorithms (程序) that can spot far tinier variations. They may, it should be remembered, never find such patterns. Although there is evidence that the back of the eye does change as its owner develops Alzheimer’s, it may be that the changes are too small to be detected reliably enough for diagnosis. If such patterns could be recognized reliably, though, the potential impact would be huge. Even in rich countries, between 50% and 80% of Alzheimer’s cases go undiagnosed. Moreover, even if the technique does not work for Alzheimer’s, it might work for something else. Dr. Wagner and Dr. Keane therefore plan further searches for patterns related to strokes and heart disease. If it does work, the technique the two researchers are proposing will be cheap to carry out. Also, the equipment and algorithms to perform an eye scan are available to anyone, through cloud-computing services like Google and Amazon. 2．Why does theAlzEye project attempt to change the way diseases are diagnosed? A．It can’t offer all-around health information. B．It can’t find early signs of illness effectively. C．Doctors are interested in new medical fields. D．Hospitals can’t afford the equipment and training. 3．Drs Wagner and Keane use eye scans to _________. A．decide whether the patients’ retinas are healthy B．compare Moorfields’ database with other hospitals’ C．explore the use of algorithms in detecting Alzheimer’s D．find the connections between eye changes and appearances 4．What do we learn about the AlzEye project? A．It examines the lifelong changes to 300,000 patients’ eyes. B．It can correctly diagnose Alzheimer’s cases by scanning eyes. C．It may be applied to find other diseases besides Alzheimer’s. D．It provides cloud-computing services with Google and Amazon. 5．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．The Future of Disease Diagnosis: Eye Scans for All B．Eye Health: A Window to the Body’s Overall Condition C．Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Method D．AlzEye: Using Eye Scans to Detect Early Signs of Disease 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了名为AlzEye的研究项目，该项目旨在通过眼部扫描来检测身体其他器官的健康状况，特别是早期阿尔茨海默病的迹象，并讨论了其潜在的影响和实施的可能性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive, as is the training required to operate them. That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly for early signs of illness.(医生用来监测健康状况的仪器通常很昂贵，操作这些仪器所需的培训也很昂贵。对于医疗系统来说，这些费用加起来太高，无法定期扫描疾病的早期迹象)”以及第二段“A research project called AlzEye, run from Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, may change this.(伦敦穆尔菲尔德眼科医院开展的一项名为AlzEye的研究项目可能会改变这种状况)”可知，AlzEye项目试图改变疾病诊断方式的原因是医院无法承担昂贵的设备和培训费用。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which to detect signals about the health of other organs. The doctors in charge of it, Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane, are linking Moorfields’ database of eye scans, which offer a detailed picture of the health of the retina (视网膜), with information about other aspects of its patients’ health collected from other hospitals around England.(它试图将眼睛作为一个窗口，通过它来检测有关其他器官健康状况的信号。负责该项目的医生Siegfried Wagner和Pearse Keane正在将Moorfields的眼部扫描数据库与从英格兰其他医院收集的患者健康的其他方面的信息连接起来，该数据库提供了视网膜健康的详细图片)”可知，Wagner博士和Keane博士通过眼睛扫描找出眼睛变化和外表之间的联系。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Drs Wagner and Keane are searching for patterns in the eye that betray (泄露) the appearance of disease elsewhere in the body, and are focusing first on Alzheimer’s disease. They will seek such patterns with the help of algorithms (程序) that can spot far tinier variations. They may, it should be remembered, never find such patterns. Although there is evidence that the back of the eye does change as its owner develops Alzheimer’s, it may be that the changes are too small to be detected reliably enough for diagnosis. If such patterns could be recognized reliably, though, the potential impact would be huge. Even in rich countries, between 50% and 80% of Alzheimer’s cases go undiagnosed. Moreover, even if the technique does not work for Alzheimer’s, it might work for something else. Dr. Wagner and Dr. Keane therefore plan further searches for patterns related to strokes and heart disease.(Wagner博士和Keane博士正在寻找眼睛中能够暴露身体其他部位疾病的模式，他们首先关注的是阿尔茨海默病。他们将在算法的帮助下寻找这些模式，这些算法可以发现更微小的变化。应该记住，他们可能永远找不到这样的模式。尽管有证据表明，当患者患上阿尔茨海默氏症时，眼球后部确实会发生变化，但这种变化可能太小，无法可靠地检测到，无法进行诊断。然而，如果这些模式能够被可靠地识别出来，潜在的影响将是巨大的。即使在富裕国家，也有50%到80%的阿尔茨海默症患者未被诊断出来。此外，即使这项技术对阿尔茨海默氏症无效，它也可能对其他疾病有效。因此，Wagner博士和Keane博士计划进一步研究与中风和心脏病相关的模式)”可知，AlzEye项目除了阿尔茨海默病，它还可以用于发现其他疾病。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A research project called AlzEye, run from Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, may change this. It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which to detect signals about the health of other organs.(伦敦穆尔菲尔德眼科医院开展的一项名为AlzEye的研究项目可能会改变这种状况。它试图将眼睛作为一个窗口，通过它来检测有关其他器官健康状况的信号)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了AlzEye项目如何利用眼部扫描技术检测疾病的早期迹象，尤其是阿尔茨海默病，并探讨了该技术的潜在应用和优势。因此D项“AlzEye：使用眼部扫描来检测疾病的早期迹象”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 7．(24-25高一上·云南昆明盘龙区·期末)Archaeological findings show that Chankillo, which is located in the desert of Peru near the Casma-Sechin river, may be the earliest known observatory (天文台) in the Americas. Built over 2,300 years ago, the site has a platform, thirteen towers on the nearby hill, and a temple. There are also stones and walls with confusing entrances to prevent visitors who are not welcome. New discovery has found that Chankillo was used for a short period of time between the fourth century BCE and the early first century CE. But it was later given up, and remained largely forgotten until the nineteenth century. Chankillo is unique among ancient observatory sites because of its two observation points; similar sites around the world only have one point, which does not provide the measurement to track passage of time over a full year. The thirteen towers of Chankillo, located between two observation points, mark the full year’s cycle (循环) of sunrises or sunsets, which slowly move across the skyline throughout the year. By watching the sunrise or sunset from the observation points, the people in Chankillo would have been able to determine the date within one to two days and could therefore work out the schedule of seasonal events, including planting and gathering times, as well as the festivals. Archaeological findings at Chankillo also suggest that sun admiration appeared in the Andes around 2,000 years before the well-known Inca Empire. In July 2021, the Chankillo Observatory was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as an outstanding example of architectural and scientific heritage in human history. This choice shows that it’s very important for learning about how ancient people thought and watched the skies, ensuring this special heritage continues to benefit all people. 2．What prevented unwelcome visitors from entering Chankillo? A．A temple. B．Thirteen towers. C．A platform. D．Confusing entrances. 3．Why was Chankillo unique among ancient observatories? A．It had the oldest design. B．It was built in the desert. C．It tracked the passage of time. D．It had two observation points. 4．Which of the following events was most likely to happen to people in Chankillo? A．They divided a year into 12 months. B．They celebrated the Spring Festival. C．They farmed according to the seasons. D．They got their food mainly by hunting. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Chankillo: an Ancient Observatory B．UNESCO’s World Heritage List C．The Inca Empire and Sun Admiration D．The History of Peru’s Ancient Sites 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于秘鲁沙漠中的Chankillo天文台，详细阐述了其历史背景、建筑特点、功能用途以及被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“There are also stones and walls with confusing entrances to prevent visitors who are not welcome. (此外，还有一些石头和带有迷宫般入口的围墙，用以阻挡不速之客。)”可知，是带有迷宫般入口的石头和围墙阻止了不受欢迎的访客进入Chankillo。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Chankillo is unique among ancient observatory sites because of its two observation points; similar sites around the world only have one point, which does not provide the measurement to track passage of time over a full year.(Chankillo在古代天文台遗址中独树一帜，因其拥有两个观测点；而世界上类似的遗址通常只有一个观测点，无法实现对一整年时间流逝的精确测量。)”可知，Chankillo在古代天文台遗址中独特是因为它有两个观测点，而世界上类似遗址通常只有一个观测点。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“By watching the sunrise or sunset from the observation points, the people in Chankillo would have been able to determine the date within one to two days and could therefore work out the schedule of seasonal events, including planting and gathering times, as well as the festivals.(通过从观测点观察日出或日落，Chankillo的人们能够将日期精确确定在一两天之内，从而制定包括种植、收获时间以及节日在内的季节性活动日程。)”可知，Chankillo的人们通过观测日出日落确定日期，从而制定季节性活动日程，包括种植和收获时间。这表明他们会根据季节进行农耕活动。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Archaeological findings show that Chankillo, which is located in the desert of Peru near the Casma-Sechin river, may be the earliest known observatory (天文台) in the Americas. Built over 2,300 years ago, the site has a platform, thirteen towers on the nearby hill, and a temple.(考古发现表明，位于秘鲁沙漠中卡斯马 - 塞钦河附近的Chankillo，可能是美洲已知最早的天文台。该遗址建于2300多年前，有一个平台、附近山上的十三座塔楼以及一座寺庙。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕位于秘鲁的Chankillo天文台展开，介绍了其建筑特点、独特之处、用途以及被列入世界遗产名录等内容。选项A“Chankillo: an Ancient Observatory(Chankillo：一座古代天文台)”能准确概括文章主旨。故选A。 8．(24-25高一上·云南昆明盘龙区·期末)The characters on the “oracle bones (甲骨) ” is an ancient form of Chinese writing, dating back 3,000 years. But their study has been challenging: the bones are easily falling apart, copies of the characters made by ink rubbings (油墨拓印) can be unclear or incomplete and pieces of oracle bones are preserved in different national museums in China and around the world. Up until now, scientists have only deciphered about 1,000 of the 4,000 characters identified into modern languages. Now researchers in Beijing are using AI to fast-track the basic but necessary work of comparing each character with thousands of others in databases (数据库). “This is a great example of human-computer partnership,” said Mo Bofeng, a professor from Capital Normal University. Before the project, studying oracle bones characters was hard work. Scientists had to compare each picture to find the same or the similar ones with eyes. “In the past, this work fell only on the shoulders of masters with rich experience and good memory, but their study only led to handful findings.” Jiang Yubin, a researcher at Fudan University. “The project has managed to complete various comparison in a quick, fruitful and exciting way,” he added. In November 2022, in just one week, the Diviner Project completed its main task, comparing 181,134 pieces across 100 databases. It not only recognised tens of thousands of former identified copies but also found more than 300 new pairs. This is just the first step. “Now the project is to clean the data and recover the data to the primary form by joining small pieces to a big one,” said Wu. “With this, we hope we can move on to the final challenge, understanding the meaning of these characters.” 2．What does the underlined word “deciphered” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Copied. B．Translated. C．Divided. D．Preserved. 3．What was the old study method like before the Diviner Project? A．Slow and hard. B．Simple and fun. C．Easy and quick. D．Smart and exciting. 4．What is the main purpose of the Diviner Project? A．To protect oracle bones kept in museums. B．To create a database of all known oracle bones. C．To compare and identify oracle bones characters. D．To promote the study of oracle bones on television. 5．What can be inferred from Wu’s words? A．Small pieces of the data are useless. B．The project needs further development. C．Recovering the data is the hardest work. D．The meaning of the characters is understood. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是利用人工智能比较和鉴别甲骨文文字的Diviner Project。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的“about 1,000 of the 4,000 characters identified into modern languages(4000个汉字中大约有1000个被识别为现代语言)”可知，科学家应该是把甲骨文4000个汉字中的1000个破译为现代汉语。所以划线单词deciphered的意义为“破译，辨认”，与translate意义一致。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Before the project, studying oracle bones characters was hard work. Scientists had to compare each picture to find the same or the similar ones with eyes. “In the past, this work fell only on the shoulders of masters with rich experience and good memory, but their study only led to handful findings.” Jiang Yubin, a researcher at Fudan University.(在这个项目之前，研究甲骨文文字是一项艰苦的工作。科学家们必须用肉眼比较每一张照片，以找到相同或相似的照片。“过去，这项工作只落在经验丰富、记忆力好的大师的肩上，但他们的研究只带来了很少的发现。” 复旦大学研究员，蒋玉斌说。)”可知，在Diviner Project之前，旧的方法是既慢又艰难。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子““The project has managed to complete various comparison in a quick, fruitful and exciting way,” he added.(他补充说：“该项目以一种快速、富有成果和令人兴奋的方式完成了各种比较。”)”和第四段的句子“In November 2022, in just one week, the Diviner Project completed its main task, comparing 181,134 pieces across 100 databases. It not only recognised tens of thousands of former identified copies but also found more than 300 new pairs.(2022年11月，在短短一周内，Diviner Project完成了其主要任务，比较了100个数据库中的181134件作品。它不仅识别了数以万计的先前已识别的副本，还发现了300多对新的副本。)”可知，Diviner Project的主要目的是比较和鉴别甲骨文文字。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is just the first step. “Now the project is to clean the data and recover the data to the primary form by joining small pieces to a big one,” said Wu. “With this, we hope we can move on to the final challenge, understanding the meaning of these characters.”(这只是第一步。“现在的项目是清理数据，并通过将小块连接到大块来恢复数据的原始形式，”吴说。“有了这个，我们希望我们可以进入最后的挑战，理解这些汉字的意义。”)”可知，现在只完成了工作的第一步，所以，这个项目需要进一步发展。故选B项。 9．(24-25高一上·云南昆明五华区·期末)Ong uyan madongo? You probably don’t know how to answer this question — unless you happen to be one of the nearly 430 people in the world who speak a language called Matukar Panau. Then you would know it means “How are you?” Matukar Panau is one of the world’s rarest languages. It is spoken in just two small coastal villages in Papua New Guinea. With so few speakers, the language is vanishing and endangered. It has so few speakers that its words soon may never be spoken or heard again. David Harrison, a language expert at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania, together with his teammates, didn’t want that to happen to Matukar Panau. So they set out for Papua New Guinea. Their goal: use modern technology to help the remaining speakers preserve their native tongue. They interviewed native speakers and to their surprise, the locals replied with excitement and said the language “is important for our identity (身份认同).” These villagers even knew the Internet existed. They also knew it was a powerful tool for learning and sharing information. So these people wanted to use the Internet to help them. Together with the scientists, these villagers created a “talking dictionary”. This online resource provides translations between English and Matukar Panau and also includes the pronunciations, so users can listen to the correct pronunciation of each word. That same year, electricity and the Internet reached those coastal villages. For many, a first stop on the Internet was the “talking dictionary” they had helped create. It now includes more than 4,000 words and 171 photos that help explain those words. “The first time they saw the Internet, they could hear the voices of their elders and see them speaking their language,” Harrison said. The moment was powerful because it showed these villagers “their language is just as good as any other.” 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To explain an idea. C．To provide an example. D．To make comparisons. 3．What does the underlined word “vanishing” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Changing. B．Disappearing. C．Improving. D．Spreading. 4．What amazed the researchers when interviewing the villagers? A．Their use of the Internet. B．Their protection of the coast. C．Their need to share information. D．Their wish to protect the language. 5．How does the “talking dictionary” work? A．It teaches villagers how to get online. B．It helps natives master other languages. C．It turns written words into spoken ones. D．It records words and related information. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种濒危语言——Matukar Panau，以及科学家和当地村民如何通过现代技术保护这种语言。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ong uyan madongo? You probably don’t know how to answer this question—unless you happen to be one of the nearly 430 people in the world who speak a language called Matukar Panau. Then you would know it means “How are you?”(Ong uyan madongo?你可能不知道如何回答这个问题——除非你恰好是世界上近430个会说一种叫做Matukar Panau的语言的人之一。那么你就会知道它的意思是“你好吗?”)”可知，本段通过提出一个问题引出本文要讲述的一种稀有的语言Matukar Panau，目的是引出话题。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“With so few speakers, the language is vanishing and endangered.(由于使用者太少，这种语言正在vanishing并濒临灭绝)”中“so few speakers”和“endangered”可知，说Matukar Panau语言的人太少，这种语言处于濒危之中。由此推知，划线词vanishing意思是 “消失”，与disappearing同义。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They interviewed native speakers and to their surprise, the locals replied with excitement and said the language “is important for our identity (身份认同).”(他们采访了以Matukar Panau为母语的人，令他们惊讶的是，当地人兴奋地回答说，这种语言“对我们的身份认同很重要”)”可知，当研究人员采访村民时，让他们惊讶的是村民们保护语言的愿望。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Together with the scientists, these villagers created a “talking dictionary”. This online resource provides translations between English and Matukar Panau and also includes the pronunciations, so users can listen to the correct pronunciation of each word.(这些村民与科学家们一起创建了一本“会说话的字典”。这个在线资源提供了英语和Matukar Panau语之间的翻译，还包括发音，所以用户可以听到每个单词的正确发音)”可知，“会说话的字典”将书面文字转化成发音，用户可以听到每个单词的正确发音。故选C项。 10．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪·期末)Have you ever joyously stepped out to your backyard garden, freshly made coffee in hand, only to find your beloved plants dying? Was the soil too dry? Did pests find their way in? During times like these, some frustrated gardeners may wish their plants would just tell them what they need. A new Microsoft-partnered project in the UK is trying to see if that concept can be demonstrated in the real-word. Next year, the Royal Horticultural Society in England will show off an “intelligent garden” that uses an AI model to monitor the garden’s environment and inform gardeners when it needs care. The garden will rely on a network of sensors positioned throughout the garden measuring environmental factors like soil moisture, alkalinity(碱度), and nutrient levels as well as wind and rainfall. All of that data is then sent to a specially designed AI model to analyze and inform gardeners on feeding, watering, or cutting. In theory, insights provided by models like this one could help gardeners use resources efficiently and avoid over-watering plants before rainfall, both of which can aid in sustainability (持续性)efforts. Those tools could be a welcome convenience for casual growers or businesses looking to decrease costs. The designers wanted to avoid falling into the trap of making the AI garden feel overly artificial. Though sensors and algorithms(算法)play a critical role in maintaining the plants, the actual physical design of the space was left up to humans. The result is a “forest garden concept” lush with biodiversity and greenery. “AI hasn’t designed the garden. Instead, AI is assisting the gardeners looking after it,” they said. Once the exhibit concludes, the garden will reportedly live on as an accessible community space. 2．What is the author’s purpose of describing the scene in paragraph 1? A．To prove the accuracy of the concept. B．To arouse the readers’ interest in the topic. C．To make a comparison between gardeners. D．To introduce people’s doubts about the project. 3．What information does the network of sensors offer? A．The detailed analysis of the AI models. B．The specific positions of the gardeners. C．The environmental factors of various plants. D．The necessary resources to monitor the plants. 4．What influence can these AI models have? A．They assist in designing the gardens. B．They increase the cost of growing plants. C．They help gardeners to read plants to care them better. D．They push the sustainable development of the local economy. 5．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．AI-assisted gardens are already widespread in England. B．Humans will feel the intelligent gardens overly artificial. C．AI models are to replace gardeners in maintaining gardens. D．Humans determine the physical appearance and soul of gardens. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【难度】1.4 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述英国智能花园项目利用AI监测植物需求辅助园丁，强调人类与技术的协作。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever joyously stepped out to your backyard garden, freshly made coffee in hand, only to find your beloved plants dying? Was the soil too dry? Did pests find their way in? (你是否曾满心欢喜地端着刚煮好的咖啡踏入后院花园，却发现心爱的植物奄奄一息？是土壤太干？还是害虫入侵？)”可知，该段通过生活化场景引发共鸣，吸引读者对“智能花园”项目的兴趣。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The garden will rely on a network of sensors positioned throughout the garden measuring environmental factors like soil moisture, alkalinity(碱度), and nutrient levels as well as wind and rainfall. (花园中遍布传感器网络，可测量土壤湿度、碱度、营养水平以及风和降雨等环境因素。)”可知，这些均属于植物的环境因素。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“In theory, insights provided by models like this one could help gardeners use resources efficiently and avoid over-watering plants before rainfall, both of which can aid in sustainability (持续性)efforts (理论上，此类模型的洞见能帮助园丁高效利用资源，避免在降雨前过度浇水，从而助力可持续发展。)”可知，AI的核心作用是辅助园丁理解植物需求（如浇水、施肥时机），从而更精准地照料植物。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though sensors and algorithms(算法)play a critical role in maintaining the plants, the actual physical design of the space was left up to humans. (尽管传感器和算法在维护植物中至关重要，但花园的实际物理设计仍由人类主导。)”可知，文章明确说明花园的设计和核心理念由人类主导，AI仅提供技术支持。故选D。 11．(23-24高一上·云南昭通·期末)A study by University of Michigan researchers found that about mine out of ten people in New York City were exposed to noises that were high enough to harm their hearing. Some of the risk comes from traffic and other environmental sounds, but we suffer a lot of punishment on our ears by simply attending sports events and concerts. Listening to music through earphones and turning up the volume also do damage. Hearing aids may have seemed not comfortable to wear for some people. But today, you might not even realize that the person next to you is wearing a pair of earphones so small and thin that they’re mostly hidden inside the ears. You might be even more surprised to discover that the person can adjust those hearing aids on a phone app — to make it easier to hear what you’re saying in a crowded, noisy environment. “There’s a cool factor for hearing aids,” explains Dr. Hope Lanter. “They’re significantly (显著地) better and smaller.” Lanter is the lead audiologist (听力学家) for hear. com, an online source for hearing aids from various producers, which also offers access to a nationwide network of audiologists who can provide in-person testing and help. Hear. com has started its own product, which is named the Horizon, together with engineers from hearing aid maker Signia, according to a news report. In addition to producing clear speech, the Horizon is also designed to interact with phones and other tools, make phone calls, stream podcasts, read e-books and so on. Throughout the United States, the number of hearing aids and earphones is on the rapid increase. Though they have brought much benefit for those who have difficulty in hearing, they really do great harm to people with normal hearing when they listen to music or talk with others. 2．Why did the author mention the study in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To show the number of deaf people. C．To explain the importance of protecting hearing. D．To tell us the wide use of earphones. 3．What can we infer about hearing aids from Lanter’s words? A．Many people feel it awkward to wear hearing aids. B．More and more people are wearing hearing aids now. C．Hearing aids are getting more and more advanced. D．It’s easier to stay away from loud noises with hearing aids. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards hearing aids and earphones? A．Unfavorable. B．Supportive. C．Confident. D．Not mentioned. 5．What’s the text mainly about? A．Loud noises in the United States. B．Different earphones producers. C．The advantages of hearing aids. D．The wide use of hearing aids and earphones. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【难度】1.4 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了助听器的发展和改进，以及它们在日常生活中的应用，同时提醒虽然助听器为听力障碍者带来了很多好处，但对于听力正常的人来说，过度使用也可能造成损害。 1．推理判断题。第一段中“A study by University of Michigan researchers found that about mine out of ten people in New York City were exposed to noises that were high enough to harm their hearing. Some of the risk comes from traffic and other environmental sounds, but we suffer a lot of punishment on our ears by simply attending sports events and concerts. Listening to music through earphones and turning up the volume also do damage.(密歇根大学的研究人员进行的一项研究发现，纽约市约有十分之九的人暴露在足以损害其听力的噪音中。一些风险来自交通和其他环境声音，但我们的耳朵也受到参加体育赛事和音乐会的伤害。通过耳机听音乐并调高音量也会造成损伤。)”先介绍了研究发现环境噪音和其它声音对人们听力的伤害，进而引出第二段中“Hearing aids may have seemed not comfortable to wear for some people. But today, you might not even realize that the person next to you is wearing a pair of earphones so small and thin that they’re mostly hidden inside the ears.(对一些人来说，佩戴助听器似乎不太舒服。但是今天，你可能甚至没有意识到你旁边的人戴着一副又小又薄的耳机，它们大部分都藏在耳朵里)”对助听器的介绍，所以第一段提到这一项研究是为了引出话题。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中Lanter的话“They’re significantly (显著地) better and smaller.(它们明显更好、更小。)”可推知，Lanter认为助听器越来越先进了。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段“Hearing aids may have seemed not comfortable to wear for some people. But today, you might not even realize that the person next to you is wearing a pair of earphones so small and thin that they’re mostly hidden inside the ears. You might be even more surprised to discover that the person can adjust those hearing aids on a phone app — to make it easier to hear what you’re saying in a crowded, noisy environment.(对一些人来说，佩戴助听器似乎不太舒服。但是今天，你可能甚至没有意识到你旁边的人戴着一副又小又薄的耳机，它们大部分都藏在耳朵里。你可能会更惊讶地发现，这个人可以在手机应用程序上调整助听器，让你在拥挤、嘈杂的环境中更容易听到你说的话。)”和最后一段“Throughout the United States, the number of hearing aids and earphones is on the rapid increase. Though they have brought much benefit for those who have difficulty in hearing, they really do great harm to people with normal hearing when they listen to music or talk with others.(在整个美国，助听器和耳机的数量正在迅速增加。虽然他们给那些有听力困难的人带来了很多好处，但当他们听音乐或与他人交谈时，他们确实对听力正常的人造成了很大的伤害。)”可知，作者在文中介绍了助听器和耳机技术的进步，也说明了其缺点，保持了客观，并未明确表达对其是支持还是反对。所以，作者未表明自己对助听器和耳机的态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“But today, you might not even realize that the person next to you is wearing a pair of earphones so small and thin that they’re mostly hidden inside the ears.(但是今天，你可能甚至没有意识到你旁边的人戴着一副又小又薄的耳机，它们大部分都藏在耳朵里。)”、第四段中“In addition to producing clear speech, the Horizon is also designed to interact with phones and other tools, make phone calls, stream podcasts, read e-books and so on.(除了能发出清晰的语音，Horizon还能与手机和其他工具进行交互，比如打电话、播放播客、阅读电子书等等。)”和最后一段中“ Throughout the United States, the number of hearing aids and earphones is on the rapid increase.(在整个美国，助听器和耳机的数量正在迅速增加。)”可推知，文章主要介绍了助听器和耳机在不同生活场景中的广泛应用。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我 ——健康、个人发展、心理 1．(24-25高一上·云南昭通昭通第一中学教研联盟·期末)Languages are windows to different cultures, allowing us to connect with others from around the world. But learning a new language not just has a simple conversation or has access to different words, concepts. A study by Dr. Thomas Bak who is a lecturer at Edinburgh’s School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences showed that bilingual (双语的) young learners performed better on attention tests and had better concentration than those who spoke only one language. Dr. Bak tested 853 participants in 1947, when they were all 11 years old, and retested them when they were in their early 70s. He found that bilingual learners performed better than expected. The strongest effects were seen in general intelligence and reading. The results showed that learning a new language in adulthood still has positive results. There is another study visualize the benefits of learning a new language on the brain. The researchers conducted the study on two groups of scholars; One that studied languages and another that studied non-linguistic subjects. The MRI scans showed that the brains of the participants studying languages increased in size, while the brain sizes of the other group remained the same. The studies suggest the bilingualism improves the brain’s executive (可执行的) function. Learning another language is one of the most effective and practical ways to increase intelligence, keep your mind sharp, and buffer (减缓) your brain against aging. “As a language learner, you’ll not only become a more conscious thinker and listener who can communicate clearly and think creatively, but you’ll also gain the most significant benefit of multilingualism: A broader, more global perspective,” writes Dan Roitman of Pimsleur in the Huffington Post. 2．What did the study by Dr. Thomas Bak show? A．Bilingual learners performed better in everything. B．One should learn a foreign language as early as possible. C．Learning a new language in adulthood has no positive results. D．Young people who learn a foreign language have better concentration than those who don’t. 3．How does studying languages affect our brains? A．Our brains remain the same size whether we study foreign languages or not. B．Our intelligence will increase if we study a foreign language. C．Our brains will become older if we study a foreign language. D．We will become more intelligent if we study our mother language hard. 4．Which opinion does Dan Roitman agree to? A．Going aboard is very useful for language learning. B．Learning language is useful to person’s development. C．Language learners are merely good at thinking and listening. D．Language learners can live longer than non-verbal learner. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Language learning leads to a brighter future. B．The relationship between learning and brain. C．Learning a new language helps brain development. D．Stopping learning languages can get a creative brain. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了学习两种或多种语言者，大脑会更加活跃与年轻，因此学习语言有助于大脑的发育。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study by Dr. Thomas Bak who is a lecturer at Edinburgh’s School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences showed that bilingual (双语的) young learners performed better on attention tests and had better concentration than those who spoke only one language. Dr. Bak tested 853 participants in 1947, when they were all 11 years old, and retested them when they were in their early 70s. He found that bilingual learners performed better than expected.(爱丁堡大学哲学、心理学和语言科学学院讲师托马斯·巴克博士的一项研究表明，双语儿童在注意力测试中比只说一种语言的儿童表现得更好，注意力也更集中。1947年，贝克对853名参与者进行了测试，当时他们都是11岁，在他们70岁出头时，他又对他们进行了测试。)”由“学习两种语言”与“只说一种语言”的人进行对比可知，年轻的双语学习者比非双语学习者有更好的专注力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Learning another language is one of the most effective and practical ways to increase intelligence, keep your mind sharp, and buffer your brain against aging.(学习另一种语言是提高智力、保持思维敏捷、缓冲大脑老化的最有效和实用的方法之一。)”可知，学习另一种语言可以提高智力。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a language learner, you’ll not only become a more conscious thinker and listener who can communicate clearly and think creatively, but you’ll also gain the most significant benefit of multilingualism: a broader, more global perspective(作为一名语言学习者，你不仅会成为一个更有意识的思考者和倾听者，能够清晰地沟通和创造性地思考，而且你还会从多语言学习中获得最大的好处：更广阔、更全球化的视角)”可知，语言学习对个体的发展很有帮助。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The results showed that learning a new language in adulthood still has positive results.(结果表明，成年后学习一门新的语言仍然有积极的效果。)”以及第三段“There is another study visualize the benefits of learning a new language on the brain.(还有一项研究将学习新语言对大脑的好处可视化。)”和“Learning another language is one of the most effective and practical ways to increase intelligence, keep your mind sharp, and buffer your brain against aging.(学习另一种语言是提高智力、保持思维敏捷、缓冲大脑老化的最有效和实用的方法之一。)”可知，文章通过两个实验得出结论，学习两种或多种语言者，大脑会更加活跃与年轻，因此学习语言有助于大脑的发育。故选C。 2．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪·期末)As we grow older, we may forget things we once knew. However, according to a new study, the music we have listened to may stay with us forever. The study was led by Sarah Sauve, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln. She recruited (招募) around 120 healthy adults aged from 18 to 86 and asked them to listen to three melodic phrases taken from musical pieces to be performed at a concert. They then attended the concert and made notes whenever they heard the phrases playing. The results showed that the participants recognized the phrases equally well, despite age differences. Researchers believe that this is because music activates the amygdala (杏仁体). “We know from general memory research that, effectively, the amygdala — or emotional processing — operates a little bit like an important stamp,” Steffen Herff, a scientist at the University of Sydney, told Nature. In other words, the brain identifies the music as something so important that it must be stored safely for a long time. Musical memories are also made exceptionally resistant to time by other parts of the brain. For example, the cortex (大脑皮层) responsible for motion responds to a song’s rhythm, while the auditory (听觉的) cortex analyzes the pitch (音调). In other words, music has the power to “light up” the whole brain, said Science Daily. Therefore, music can be used to “unlock memories” in patients suffering from neural disorders (神经系统疾病), said Assal Habibi, a researcher at the University of Southern California. Habibi is trying to help patients with Alzheimer’s disease reconnect to their “sense of self” via music. Even better, in the future, music can help doctors detect neural diseases. For example, if someone has trouble recognizing music that was extremely popular in their childhood, they may potentially be experiencing neural disorders. 2．What does Sarah Sauve’s study mainly deal with? A．The causes of memory loss. B．The impact of music on memory. C．The benefits of listening to music. D．The differences of the 3 melodic phrases. 3．What is the function of “amygdala” when we are listening to music? A．Taking notes of the pitch. B．Responding to the rhythm. C．Identifying music worth storing. D．Activating and lighting up the brain. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Music helps doctors cure neural disorders. B．The application of music therapy is limited. C．Music can help detect neural diseases now. D．Music can be a useful tool in helping Alzheimer’s patients. 5．What does the text mainly talk about? A．People can’t live without music. B．Music leaves traces in our mind forever. C．A study presents the work process of music therapy. D．Scientists do research on the ways to improve memory. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【难度】1.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了音乐记忆的力量，以及音乐疗法可有助于神经系统疾病的治疗。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study was led by Sarah Sauve, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln. She recruited (招募) around 120 healthy adults aged from 18 to 86 and asked them to listen to three melodic phrases taken from musical pieces to be performed at a concert. They then attended the concert and made notes whenever they heard the phrases playing.(这项研究由林肯大学的音乐科学家萨拉·索夫领导。她招募了大约120名年龄在18岁到86岁之间的健康成年人，让他们听三段音乐会上将要表演的旋律片段。然后，他们参加了音乐会，并在听到演奏的时候做了笔记)”可知，Sarah Sauve招募了不同年龄段的志愿者，通过实验来看他们是否记住了之前所听到的音乐旋律。因此，该研究是围绕音乐对记忆的影响展开的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers believe that this is because music activates the amygdala (杏仁体).(研究人员认为，这是因为音乐激活了杏仁核)”和“In other words, the brain identifies the music as something so important that it must be stored safely for a long time.(换句话说，大脑将音乐识别为非常重要的东西，必须长时间安全地存储)”可知，当我们听音乐时，“杏仁核”的功能是识别值得储存的音乐。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Habibi is trying to help patients with Alzheimer’s disease reconnect to their “sense of self” via music.(哈比比正试图通过音乐帮助阿尔茨海默病患者重拾“自我意识”)”可知，音乐是帮助老年痴呆症患者的有效工具。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As we grow older, we may forget things we once knew. However, according to a new study, the music we have listened to may stay with us forever.(随着年龄的增长，我们可能会忘记我们曾经知道的事情。然而，根据一项新的研究，我们听过的音乐可能会永远伴随着我们)”以及研究过程和发现可知，这篇文章主要讲了音乐永远在我们的脑海里留下痕迹。故选B。 3．(24-25高一上·云南昆明第一中学·期末)Telling jokes requires creativity, smartness, imagination and the ability to tell a story. Listening to jokes demands attention, brainpower and being in the right state of mind to enjoy jokes. Besides, there are also clear similarities between joke tellers and appreciators. A new study tries to find other connections between creating and appreciating humor. The author carried on the cartoon caption (字幕) task. 159 subjects were shown 30 cartoons without captions and were asked to come up with funny captions. Later, researchers rated those captions based on how funny they were. The results showed that creating funny captions was negatively (负面地) related to appreciation of humor. In other words, funny people tend to find jokes less funny than other people do. It is not clear why this is the case. However, one possibility is that creators of great humor have higher standards of humor creativity. They also expect higher levels of creativity from people who tell jokes, compared to those who are not so good at creating humor. Moreover, outgoing people and those who are open to new experiences found the cartoons funnier. But surprisingly, outgoing people are less likely to be funny. This is in agreement with my own research that performers in the field of comedy were more introverted than the general population. They usually don’t like to express themselves in social situations. Appreciation and creation of humor are two different tasks. This is why when someone tells you he or she has a great sense of humor, you may ask, “Are you good at telling jokes or do you enjoy laughing more?” 2．Which quality is shared by joke tellers and appreciators? A．Attention. B．Creativity. C．Imagination    . D．Smartness. 3．What can we learn about the study from Paragraph 2? A．Its value. B．Its process. C．Its effects. D．Its findings. 4．What can be inferred about funny people? A．They expect to hear quality jokes. B．They turn out to be less creative. C．They struggle to understand jokes. D．They have low standards of humor. 5．What does the underlined word “introverted” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Quiet and reserved. B．Open and easygoing. C．Social and creative. D．Funny and outgoing. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【难度】1.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了讲笑话的人和欣赏笑话的人的共同之处是聪明才智，一项新的研究对此进行了进一步研究，并试图找到创造幽默和欣赏幽默之间的其他联系。文章解释了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Telling jokes requires creativity, smartness, imagination and the ability to tell a story. Listening to jokes demands attention, brainpower and being in the right state of mind to enjoy jokes.(讲笑话需要创造力、智慧、想象力和讲故事的能力。听笑话需要注意力、脑力和正确的心态来享受笑话)”可知，讲笑话的人和欣赏笑话的人的共同之处是聪明才智。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The author carried on the cartoon caption (字幕) task. 159 subjects were shown 30 cartoons without captions and were asked to come up with funny captions. Later, researchers rated those captions based on how funny they were.(作者进行了漫画配文的任务。研究人员向159名受试者展示了30幅没有字幕的漫画，并要求他们想出有趣的字幕。随后，研究人员根据搞笑程度对这些字幕进行评分)”可知，第二段的主要内容是研究的过程。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“In other words, funny people tend to find jokes less funny than other people do.(换句话说，有趣的人往往比其他人觉得笑话不那么有趣)”可知，有趣的人希望听到高质量的笑话。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“They usually don’t like to express themselves in social situations.(他们通常不喜欢在社交场合表达自己)”可知，喜剧演员通常不喜欢在社交场合表达自己，说明他们比较安静和矜持。故划线词意思是“安静、矜持”。故选A。 4．(24-25高一上·云南师范大学附属镇雄中学教研联盟·)When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture (做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex (运动皮层)—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class—and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 2．Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A．To count words. B．To record emotion. C．To influence brain activity. D．To give clues to questions. 3．What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A．Adults and children are equally good learners. B．Pictures have little influence on language learning. C．Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D．Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 4．What will probably be talked about in the next paragraph of the text? A．What gestures to use at math class. B．How to make better use of gestures. C．How to teach listening in a systematic way. D．Why teachers should show some pictures when teaching. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The motor cortex promotes learning. B．Gestures benefit vocabulary learning. C．Teachers should apply more gestures at class. D．Gestures are better than pictures in vocabulary learning. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【难度】1.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现学习外语时做手势有助于更好地记忆词汇。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex (运动皮层)—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements(五个月后，他们被要求将所学词汇翻译成德语。同时，他们头上戴着设备，这些设备向他们的初级运动皮层发送微弱的干扰信号，初级运动皮层是控制手臂自主运动的大脑区域)”可知，在马蒂亚斯的测试中，在受试者头上安装设备是为了影响大脑活动。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both(但六个月后，成年人从手势中受益比从图片中更多，而儿童从两者中受益相同)”可知，莱比锡的研究告诉我们从长远来看，手势对成年人的语言学习好处更明显。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class—and it could be used more often and more effectively (“我认为我们在课堂上对手势的使用还不够充分，”Goldin Meadow说。“好的老师和好的倾听者会使用它，但并不总是以一种系统的方式。其他人并不一定会在课堂上使用它——而它可以被更频繁、更有效地使用。”)”可知Goldin Meadow认为我们在课堂上对手势的使用还不够充分，它可以被更频繁、更有效地使用，可推理出接下来的段落可能会讨论如何更好地利用手势。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture (做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later(在学习外语时，大多数人会依赖传统的方法：阅读、写作、听和重复。但Brian Mathias的研究团队发现，如果你在学习时用手臂做手势，即使几个月后，你也能更好地记住词汇)”以及最后一段““I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class—and it could be used more often and more effectively (“我认为我们在课堂上对手势的使用还不够充分，”Goldin Meadow说。“好的老师和好的倾听者会使用它，但并不总是以一种系统的方式。其他人并不一定会在课堂上使用它——而它可以被更频繁、更有效地使用。”)”可知文章主要介绍了研究发现学习外语时做手势有助于更好地记忆词汇，B项“Gestures benefit vocabulary learning(手势有利于词汇学习)”符合文章主旨。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 ——环境保护、动物保护 1．(24-25高一上·云南昆明第一中学·期末)Red pandas live in forests where they prefer to be near water and have a good supply of bamboo. They are mostly active in the late evening and early morning, and they sleep during most of the day. They take the trees for shelter and to hide from predators (捕食者). About 98% of a red panda’s main food is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing, farming and mining. Natural disasters such as landslides, floods, heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. Forest fires and issues with bamboo flowering have similar effects on the red panda’s habitat. As people move into the area, they often collect bamboo, leaving less for red pandas to eat. Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. With worldwide support, there are at least 19 protected areas in India, 5 in Bhutan and 3 in Myanmar. The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. The WWF is also working to protect red pandas. Because more than a third of its habitat is in Nepal, the group works with yak herders (牦牛牧民) there to lower their effect on the red panda’s habitat. 2．Why is it challenging for red pandas to find enough food? A．They are not active hunters. B．Their habitats are short of water. C．Their habitats are threatened. D．They struggle to identify bamboos. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Global efforts to protect red pandas. B．Serious situations faced by red pandas. C．Asia’s official protection of red pandas. D．China’s advantage in keeping red pandas. 4．What does the Red Panda Network do? A．Force yak herders to move away. B．Offer support to the local groups. C．Attract people to feed red pandas. D．Help experts to carry out research. 5．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Reason for Decrease of Red Pandas B．The Influence of Habitats on Red Pandas C．The Threat and Protection of Red Pandas D．The Key Points for Red Pandas’ Survival 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【难度】1.85 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是小熊猫面对的严峻形式以及各个国家和组织对它的保护。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“About 98% of a red panda’s main food is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller.(大约98%的小熊猫的主要食物是竹子。它们需要大量的水才能生存——每天大约2公斤。然而，由于小熊猫的栖息地越来越小，找到足够的竹子变得很困难)”可知，由于小熊猫的栖息地越来越小，使得它们找到竹子变得很困难。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. With worldwide support, there are at least 19 protected areas in India, 5 in Bhutan and 3 in Myanmar.(虽然小熊猫濒临灭绝，但人们正在采取措施拯救这个物种及其栖息地。中国有46个保护区，覆盖了全国约65%的物种栖息地。在全世界的支持下，印度至少有19个保护区，不丹有5个，缅甸有3个)”可知，第四段的主要内容是全球为保护小熊猫付出的努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors, and work with villagers to establish protected areas.(他们与当地社区团体合作建立野生动物喂养中心，培训森林保护者，并与村民合作建立保护区)”可知，Red Panda Network为当地团体提供支持。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“About 98% of a red panda’s main food is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller.(大约98%的小熊猫的主要食物是竹子。它们需要大量的水才能生存——每天大约2公斤。然而，由于小熊猫的栖息地越来越小，找到足够的竹子变得很困难)”以及第四段“Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat.(虽然小熊猫濒临灭绝，但人们正在采取措施拯救这个物种及其栖息地)”可知，针对人类行为和自然灾难导致红熊猫栖息地减少的情况，世界各地以及一些非营利性组织为保护红熊猫开始采取措施，综合以上信息可知，本文主要介绍的是小熊猫面对的严峻形式以及各个国家和组织对它的保护，所以题目“小熊猫的威胁及保护”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 2．(24-25高一上·云南云南师范大学附属中学·期末)Rats usually get a bad reputation, particularly in big cities. However, in Tanzania, they are hard workers that can save lives with their powerful sense of smell. In fact, they are so good at their job that they've got the name “HeroRATs.” On top of being highly trained rats with a mission, they look absolutely adorable in their work uniforms, which include tiny vests and backpacks. APOPO, a non-profit organization devoted to training rats and other smell detection (探测) animals for humanitarian purposes, is behind this unique operation. In the beginning, APOPO trained rats to locate bombs and detect diseases. Now, a study published recently has shown they may be just as good at recognizing the smell of illegal animal parts being smuggled (走私) , like elephant tusks and rhino horns. For the study, 11 rats were trained to detect wildlife products inside shipping containers. To achieve this, the rats learned to identify smuggled wildlife items in a controlled laboratory setting. They also learned how to show this to humans by holding their noses close to their hidden target (目标) for a few seconds. Later, they were equipped with vests, measuring how quickly they could pull an electronic micros witch to signal when they had found a wildlife target in a mock (模拟的) port environment. After finding the illegal items, the rats were rewarded with a treat. “Rats have low training and management costs, a long lifespan, and an excellent sense of smell,” researchers at their training headquarters in Morogoro, in eastern Tanzania explain. “Their small size also offers unique abilities for the examining of shipping containers.” While this was done in a controlled setting, the organization is already planning to use rats in real-life situations sometime in the future — complete with their cute uniforms. Dr. Kate Webb, co-first author of the training study says, “The vests are a great example of developing hardware that could be useful across different settings and tasks, including at a shipping port to detect smuggled wildlife.” 2．Why are rats called “HeroRATs” in Tanzania? A．Because they have lovely appearances. B．Because they have helped cure diseases. C．Because they play a great role in wildlife protection. D．Because they can save lives with their sense of direction. 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The intelligence of rats. B．The training of rats. C．The strengths of rats. D．The application of rats. 4．What is true about the rats in the study? A．They lived for a short period of time. B．They were trained in a real port at first. C．They got a reward after locating the target. D．They were first trained to detect smuggled items. 5．What will the researchers do next? A．To test rats in real situations. B．To improve the equipment of the rats. C．To develop hardware for various situations. D．To explore other areas where rats can be used. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明老鼠在识别非法走私的动物制品的气味方面发挥作用，因此老鼠在野生动物保护中发挥了重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, in Tanzania, they are hard workers that can save lives with their powerful sense of smell. In fact, they are so good at their job that they’ve got the name “HeroRATs. ”(然而，在坦桑尼亚，它们是辛勤工作的英雄，能够用它们强大的嗅觉拯救生命。事实上，它们的工作表现如此出色，以至于被称为“HeroRATs”)”和第二段中“Now, a study published recently has shown they may be just as good at recognizing the smell of illegal animal parts being smuggled (走私) , like elephant tusks and rhino horns.(现在，最近发表的一项研究表明，它们在识别非法走私的动物制品的气味方面可能同样出色，比如象牙和犀牛角)”可知，在坦桑尼亚老鼠被称为“HeroRATs”是因为它们能识别非法走私的动物的气味，以此来挽救这些野生动物，即它们在野生动物保护中发挥了重要作用。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“For the study, 11 rats were trained to detect wildlife products inside shipping containers. To achieve this, the rats learned to identify smuggled wildlife items in a controlled laboratory setting. They also learned how to show this to humans by holding their noses close to their hidden target (目标) for a few seconds. Later, they were equipped with vests, measuring how quickly they could pull an electronic micros witch to signal when they had found a wildlife target in a mock (模拟的) port environment. After finding the illegal items, the rats were rewarded with a treat.(在这项研究中，11只老鼠被训练在运输容器中检测野生动物产品。为了实现这一目标，老鼠们受控的实验室环境中学会了识别走私的野生动物物品。它们还学会了通过将鼻子靠近隐藏的目标几秒钟来向人类展示这一点。随后，它们穿上背心，测量它们在模拟港口环境中找到野生动物目标后拉电子微动开关的速度。在找到非法物品后，老鼠们会得到奖励)”可知，第三段主要介绍了老鼠的培训过程，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After finding the illegal items, the rats were rewarded with a treat.(在找到非法物品后，老鼠们会得到奖励)”可知，老鼠们在找到非法物品后会得到奖励，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While this was done in a controlled setting, the organization is already planning to use rats in real-life situations sometime in the future — complete with their cute uniforms.(尽管这是在受控的环境中完成的，但该组织已经计划在将来的某个时候在现实生活中使用老鼠，并配有可爱的制服)”可知，研究人员接下来会在实际情况下测试老鼠。故选A。 3．(24-25高一上·云南昆明西山区·期末)There are only two northern white rhinos left on the earth, both of which are female, named Najin and Fatu. They were born in 1989 and 2000 and now live in the OI Pejeta Reserve in Kenya. The northern white rhino is a species of the white rhinos that was once found in sevcral countrics across Central and East Africa.They are grazers primarily feeding on grasses. Sadly, due to illegal hunting and habitat loss, the northern white rhino is now on the edge of extihction Professionals have been making great efforts to protect them. The reserve provides 24-hour armed guards to ensure their safety. Scientists are also working hard on reproductive technologies. They have successfully collected female reproductive cells from Najin and Fatu and created embryos (胚胎) through man-made process with frozen reproductive cells from male northern white rhinos. However, challenges remain. The two fomale rhinos are unable to carry the embryos naturally due to age and health problems, and the process of putting embryos into southern white rhinos is difficult and time-consuming. Despite these difficulties, professionals are still focused on saving this precious species, hoping to prevent their complete disappcarance. The leading scientist Thomas Hildebrandt said, “We achieved together something which was not believed to be possible. That is really a milestone to allow us to produce northern white rhino calves in the next two years.” Still, other scientists like Steven Seet argued, “We have to consider some questions before starting the project. Should we devote so much in a species with only two females left? Should we humans continue to make decisions for this endangered species?” 2．What does the word “gruzers” in phragraph 2 refer to? A．Large-sized animals. B．Meat-fed animals. C．Plant-eating animals. D．Group-living animals. 3．How are the last two northern white rhinos being protected? A．Moving them to safer habitats. B．Tracking them for close watch. C．Providing them with new shelters. D．Protecting them with armed guards. 4．What is Steven Seet’s attitude of the protection efforts? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The variety of global wildlife species. B．The introduction of OI Pejeta Reserve. C．The efforts of saving northern white rhinos. D．The overview of wildlife preservation history. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【难度】1.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了为保护地球上最后两只北方白犀牛作出的努力。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“primarily feeding on grasses(主要以草为食)”可知，北方白犀牛是食草动物。因此划线词指的是食草动物。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The reserve provides 24-hour armed guards to ensure their safety.(保护区提供24小时武装警卫以确保它们的安全)”可知，最后两只北方白犀牛被24小时武装警卫保护，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, other scientists like Steven Seet argued, ‘We have to consider some questions before starting the project. Should we devote so much in a species with only two females left? Should we humans continue to make decisions for this endangered species?’(然而，像Steven Seet这样的其他科学家认为，‘在开始这个项目之前，我们必须考虑一些问题。我们应该为一个只有两个雌性的物种付出这么多吗？我们人类是否应该继续为这种濒危物种做出决定？’)”可知，Steven Seet对于保护行为持怀疑态度，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Professionals have been making great efforts to protect them.(专业人士一直在努力保护它们)”可知，文章主要讲述了为保护地球上最后两只北方白犀牛作出的努力，故选C。 4．(24-25高一上·云南昆明五华区·期末)Global warming is greatly affecting sea turtle babies — 99% of them are being born female. Sea turtle populations have been facing an obvious population drop, which are further worsened by climate change. Floridian sea turtles for the past four years have been facing the hottest summers in Florida state history. Bette Zirkelback, a manager of the Turtle Hospital within the Florida Keys, noted that, “Scientists, who are studying sea turtle hatching (孵化), have found no male sea turtles and only female sea turtles for the past four years.” This surprising trend shows how climate change is affecting the species and how animals struggle to adapt to these unnatural changes. Commonly, sex is determined before birth, but in sea turtles, something unique happens. When female sea turtles bury their eggs in the sand, the sex is decided by the temperature of the sand on the beaches. These turtle eggs will hatch for around two months, and their sex is decided by a temperature difference of around 4 degrees. Sea turtles that hatch below 27.7℃ will be born male. If sea turtles hatch above 31℃, they will be born female. Melissa Rosales Rodriguez, a sea turtle keeper at the Miami Zoo Turtle Hospital, expressed her concerns saying, “In the years to come, we’re going to see an obvious drop in their population because we just don’t have the genetic diversity (基因多样性). We don’t have the male-to-female rate needed in order to be able to have enough sea turtle babies.” Therefore, in sea turtle hatching grounds around the world, there is a huge need for sea turtle protection centers to ensure the future of sea turtles. 2．What is the major threat to sea turtles? A．Habitat loss. B．Human activities. C．Climate change. D．Water pollution. 3．What can be inferred about sea turtles from Paragraph 3? A．They have a fixed male-to-female rate. B．They require high temperatures to hatch. C．Their eggs are laid on the beach surface. D．Their sex is affected by sand temperature. 4．What does the author suggest for sea turtles? A．Establishing preservation sites globally. B．Improving the success rate of hatching. C．Fixing the sand temperature to a fit level. D．Protecting the eggs from their enemies. 5．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Ways to Ensure the Future of Sea Turtles B．The Drop of Female Sea Turtle Populations C．Why 99% of Sea Turtles Are Born Female? D．How Climate Change Is Killing Sea Turtles? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球变暖对海龟宝宝的影响，导致99%的海龟宝宝出生时都是雌性，并介绍了这一现象的原因及可能带来的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Global warming is greatly affecting sea turtle babies — 99%of them are being born female. Sea turtle populations have been facing an obvious population drop, which are further worsened by climate change. (全球变暖正极大地影响着海龟宝宝——99%的海龟宝宝出生时都是雌性。海龟种群数量一直在明显下降，而气候变化加剧了这一趋势)”可知，海龟面临的主要威胁是气候变化。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When female sea turtles bury their eggs in the sand, the sex is decided by the temperature of the sand on the beaches. These turtle eggs will hatch for around two months, and their sex is decided by a temperature difference of around 4 degrees. Sea turtles that hatch below 27.7℃ will be born male. If sea turtles hatch above 31℃, they will be born female. (当雌性海龟把蛋埋在沙子里时，性别由海滩上沙子的温度决定。这些海龟蛋会孵化大约两个月，它们的性别由大约4度的温差决定。在27.7℃以下孵化的海龟将是雄性。如果海龟在31℃以上孵化，它们将是雌性)”可知，海龟的性别受沙子温度的影响。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore, in sea turtle hatching grounds around the world, there is a huge need for sea turtle protection centers to ensure the future of sea turtles. (因此，在世界各地的海龟孵化场，非常需要海龟保护中心来确保海龟的未来)”可知，作者建议为全球海龟建立保护区。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Global warming is greatly affecting sea turtle babies — 99%of them are being born female. (全球变暖正极大地影响着海龟宝宝——99%的海龟宝宝出生时都是雌性)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了全球变暖导致99%的海龟宝宝出生时都是雌性这一现象，并解释了其原因及可能带来的问题。全文围绕着为什么 99% 的海龟出生为雌性展开，所以“Why 99% of Sea Turtles Are Born Female? (为什么99%的海龟都是雌性?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。 5．(24-25高一上·云南师范大学附属镇雄中学教研联盟·)For 234 years, the bald eagle (白头鹫) has been an official symbol of the US. It is, after all, the national animal. But in May, 2016, the former President Barack Obama signed a law naming the bison (野牛) the national mammal. Since then, the eagle has had to share its perch. The North American bison has long been a symbol of the West. “No other native animal tells America’s story better. It is a long-lasting symbol of power, Native American culture, and the Western wildness. At one time, tens of millions of bison lived in North America. For Native American communities, bison were a source of food and clothing. Bison were at the very heart of their traditional way of life,” says Missouri congressman William Lacy. That way of life changed in the mid-1800s. People began to travel west and hunt bison. Some hunted for the same reason as Native Americans did. But others killed bison for sport. In 1894, it became illegal to kill bison. But it was almost too late. By the early 1900s, fewer than 1,000 wild bison remained in America. Some people realized the animals needed to be saved. President Theodore Roosevelt, William Hornaday — the first director of the Bronx Zoo, in New York City — and others formed the American Bison Society. The group was to bring back the bison. Native American tribes (部落) and locals also joined the fight. By the mid-1930s, bison were no longer in danger. Today, there are about 500,000 North American bison. They live in all 50 states. “Only about 30,000 of those animals are living as truly wild bison. Others live on protected lands or in zoos,” says Pat Thomas, the associate director of the Bronx Zoo. Thomas says naming the bison the national mammal was an important step in making sure the animal is well protected. “This recognition is beginning to complete the circle,” he says, “from a time when there were millions of wild bison, to when bison were hunted until they nearly died out, to the beginning of the recovery.” 2．What does the underlined word “perch” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Famous name. B．High place. C．Office. D．Food. 3．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of bison in American culture. B．The process bison became the national animal. C．The reason why bison became endangered. D．The result brought by a law against killing them. 4．What do we know about the American Bison Society? A．It contributed much to bison protection. B．It hunted bison for food and clothing. C．It was founded by the president of America. D．It helped keep bison in the wild. 5．What was Thomas’ attitude towards the May law on bison? A．Dissatisfied. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北美野牛的历史、文化意义及其保护情况。文章讲述了野牛在美国历史和文化中的重要地位，以及它们曾经面临的灭绝危机和后来的恢复过程。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“For 234 years, the bald eagle (白头鹫) has been an official symbol of the US. It is, after all, the national animal. But in May, 2016, the former President Barack Obama signed a law naming the bison (野牛) the national mammal. Since then, the eagle has had to share its …(234年来，白头鹫一直是美国的官方象征。毕竟，它是美国的国兽。但在2016年5月，前总统巴拉克·奥巴马签署了一项法律，将野牛命名为国兽。从那时起，鹰就不得不分享它的……)”可知，白头鹫一直是美国的官方象征，但在2016年5月，野牛也被命名为国兽，所以白头鹫不得不让出它的地位。由此可知，perch在此处意为“高处，高位”，结合选项，B项“High place(高的地方，地位)”表达的含义符合语境。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“That way of life changed in the mid-1800s. People began to travel west and hunt bison. Some hunted for the same reason as Native Americans did. But others killed bison for sport. In 1894, it became illegal to kill bison. But it was almost too late. By the early 1900s, fewer than 1,000 wild bison remained in America.(那种生活方式在19世纪中叶发生了变化。人们开始向西迁移并猎杀野牛。有些人出于和美洲原住民同样的原因而猎杀它们。但其他人猎杀野牛是为了娱乐。1894年，猎杀野牛成为非法行为。但为时已晚。到20世纪初，美国只剩下不到1000头野生野牛)”可知，人们向西迁移并猎杀野牛，导致野牛数量急剧下降。由此可知，本段主要讲述了野牛成为濒危动物的原因。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some people realized the animals needed to be saved. President Theodore Roosevelt, William Hornaday — the first director of the Bronx Zoo, in New York City — and others formed the American Bison Society. The group was to bring back the bison.(有些人意识到这些动物需要被拯救。总统西奥多·罗斯福、纽约市布朗克斯动物园第一任园长威廉·霍纳戴和其他人成立了美国野牛协会。这个组织是为了让野牛回归)”可知，美国野牛协会是为了拯救野牛而成立的，所以它对野牛的保护做出了很大贡献。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thomas says naming the bison the national mammal was an important step in making sure the animal is well protected. “This recognition is beginning to complete the circle,” he says, “from a time when there were millions of wild bison, to when bison were hunted until they nearly died out, to the beginning of the recovery”(托马斯说，将野牛命名为国兽是确保这种动物得到妥善保护的重要一步。“这种认可正在开始形成一个完整的循环，”他说，“从有数百万头野生野牛的时代，到野牛被猎杀到几乎灭绝的时代，再到恢复的开始。”)”可知，托马斯认为将野牛命名为国兽是确保野牛得到妥善保护的重要一步。由此推知，他对这项法律持支持态度。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $