Unit 6 课时3 Understanding ideas（Grammar）（分层作业）英语外研版2024八年级上册

Unit 6 When disaster strikes 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar) 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去 某一时刻或某一阶段 正在进行或发生的动作，意为 “ 那时正在 ……” 。常用的标志词： at 2:00 yesterday ， at this time yesterday ， while / when ， then / at that time / at that moment ； when my father got home 当我爸爸回到家的时候； when I passed by the playground 当我经过操场的时候； while I was reading 当我正在阅读的时候。 过去进行时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 过去进行时 表示在过去某段时间内正在发生的事情或行为。 was/were + 动词 - ing 形式 at 2:00 yesterday ， at this time yesterday ， while / when ， then / at that time / at that moment ； when my father got home 过去进行时的结构： ) ( when, while 和 as 的用法 (1) when, while 和 as 这三个词均有 “ 当 ······ 时候 ” 的意思。 如 :There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 他到场时会议室已有很多 While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. 米莉在看电视时她妈妈在睡觉。 I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning. 今天早晨我骑车上学时看见一起交通事故。 (2) when 和 as 既可以指某一点时间 , 也可以指某一段时间 , 其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的 , 也可以是延续性的 ; while 指一段时间 , 其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的 。 指一段时间时 ,when 、 while 和 as 都可用 ; 指某一点时间时 , 只能用 when 或 as, 不能用 while 。 试比较 : When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock.( ✓ ) While he woke up, it was eight o'clock.(x) When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her.( ✓ ) (3) 当某个动作正在进行时 , 又发生了另一动作 , 我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的 长动作 , 用一般过去时表示短动作。此时 when 、 while 、 as 都可以连接主从句 , 构成 “ 一般过去时 +when/while/as+ 过去进行时 ” 结构 , 过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的 “ 背景 ” 。这种情况下 , 连词 when 、 while 、 as 既可位于句中 , 也可位于句首。 如 : It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner. 我们在吃晚饭时 , 开始下起大雨。 (have dinner 为 长动作 ) When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in. 当我们正在看书时 , 一个陌生人走了进来。 (read 为 长动作 ) (4) 谈论两个同时进行的 长动作 ( 事件、情况 ), 常用 “ 过去进行时 +while+ 过去进行时 ” 结构。 while 也可位于句首。 如 :They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 当我们在爬山时 , 他们在划船。 While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. 当她在打电话时 , 我正在写一封电子邮件。 (5) 强调某个动作正在进行时 , 另一个动作突然发生 , 常用 “ 过去进行时 +when+ 一般过去时 ” 结构。 如 :I was walking in the street when he called me. 他打电话给我时 , 我正走在街上。 ) 一、单项选择 1．When I walked into the kitchen, Dad ________ breakfast and singing along with the radio. A．is cooking B．cooked C．was cooking D．will cook 2．Jimmy dropped his keys as he ________ to catch the train. A．runs B．ran C．has run D．was running 3．When I saw Daniel yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A．helps B．was helping C．will help D．is helping 4．While I _________ my dance moves, my cat watched me and it seemed to enjoy it. A．practice B．am practicing C．was practicing D．will practice 5．When I ________, my mobile phone rang. A．work B．am working C．worked D．was working 6．—I went to see you yesterday evening, but you were not in. —Oh, I ________ a film with my cousin at the cinema. A．saw B．will see C．am seeing D．was seeing 7．—I called you this morning, but there was no answer. —Oh, I ________ a speech to the students in the hall. A．made B．will make C．was making D．have made 8．—I went to your home yesterday morning, but you weren’t in. —Well, I ________ along the river at that time. A．walked B．was walking C．am walking 9．The earthquake ________ while we ________ a meeting. A．struck; were having B．strikes; are having C．struck; had 10．Poor thing! Jack ________ a fall when he ________ on the ice. He got hurt badly. A．was having; was skating B．had; was skating C．was having; skated D．has had; was skating 11．I ________ the flowers in the garden when my phone suddenly rang. A．water B．watered C．was watering D．will water 12．—Luo Li, what were you doing at 3 p.m. yesterday afternoon? —I ________ models with my teammates for our class project. A．make B．made C．was making D．am making 13．The farmers ________ on the farm when suddenly a strange voice was heard. A．were working B．worked C．are working D．work 14．While his father was watering the flowers, Tom ________ a model plane. A．was making B．was made C．is making D．has made 15．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 7 last night? —I ________ with my sister about the “Unexpected Inventions” exhibition and didn’t hear it. A．talk B．talked C．was talking D．have talked 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I (wash) the dishes. 2．When I saw Mr Wang, he (write) a report. 3．When I got home, my pet dog (lie) on the floor. 4．Mrs Green (cook) at this time last night. 5．I (draw) on the computer while my parents (watch) TV last night. 6．We (take) a national defense education (国防教育) class at 9:45 this morning. 7．When the baby saw the stranger, he (cry) and hiding behind his mother. 8．While (walk) in the park, we saw many beautiful flowers. 9．I (check) the map at that moment and didn’t notice the red light. 10．I was writing while he (listen) to music. 二、完成句子 11．Millie is looking for some information now. (用at this time yesterday改写) Millie for some information . 12．I was sleeping when the telephone rang. (改为一般疑问句) you when the telephone rang? 13．Helen was playing the piano when I called her. (变一般疑问句) Helen the piano when I called her? 14．I was helping my mom in the kitchen at this time yesterday. (改为否定句) I my mom in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 15．I was calling up my good friend at 8:30 last night.（对画线部分提问） you at 8:30 last night? 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Mrs Zhao from Beijing went to a zoo in Shanghai. There 1 all kinds of animals at the zoo. When a cute otter (水獭) 2 , she took out her phone to record a video of it. But the phone fell into the water. The otter’s name is You Tiao. He saw the phone in the water and 3 jumped into the water. He soon found the phone and gave it to a zookeeper (动物园管理员). The zookeeper then gave the phone to Mrs Zhao. It was very lucky for Mrs Zhao 4 her phone back. To thank You Tiao, she gave a pennant (锦旗) to the zoo. “My phone 5 by You Tiao before. I’ll make a trip to see 6 again!” said Mrs Zhao. You Tiao was the first among these 7 in the zoo to get a pennant. So the zoo keeper gave him 8 fish to eat for his dinner than usual. Otters like You Tiao at 9 zoo have learned to pick up things in the water. The zookeeper says You Tiao is good at doing this 10 he is very smart. The zoo wants people to see the cute animal’s work and stop throwing rubbish into the water. 1．A．be B．had C．was D．were 2．A．swims B．is swimming C．will swim D．was swimming 3．A．sadly B．sad C．quickly D．quick 4．A．get B．to get C．look D．to look 5．A．saves B．is saved C．saved D．was saved 6．A．he B．his C．him D．himself 7．A．animals B．animals’ C．animal D．animal’s 8．A．many B．more C．few D．fewer 9．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 10．A．although B．if C．because of D．because 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 It was about two o’clock in the early morning. I was sleeping when the earthquake 1 . Suddenly I felt a slight shake. Then I heard a loud 2 like thunder (雷声). Soon the real noise came, like bombs (炸弹) under the ground. The earth started to 3 . People were 4 . Some ran out of the building. I tried to run out, too, but I could not. Outside, people were running while pieces of glass were falling down. Then the 5 began to come down, too! Finally, the noise and shaking ended. It was 6 around me. I could not see anything at all, and I did not 7 if anyone else was near me. I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. “I’m here,” I said. I was afraid, but I tried to be 8 . I shouted for help, 9 no one came. Then I pulled myself slowly through the dark. Luckily, there was enough space for me to move. Hours later, as I was trying to go out, I 10 heard some noise above me. I shouted, “Please help! I’m here!” Then other people shouted, too. At last, the firemen saved us. 1．A．ended B．landed C．covered D．started 2．A．report B．noise C．show D．music 3．A．cheer B．beat C．shake D．develop 4．A．afraid B．glad C．famous D．excited 5．A．islands B．radios C．walls D．umbrellas 6．A．beautiful B．boring C．enough D．quiet 7．A．keep B．warn C．know D．write 8．A．calm B．huge C．harmful D．shy 9．A．and B．so C．but D．or 10．A．hardly B．suddenly C．usually D．loudly 三、短文填空 In the Sui Dynasty, a terrible flood happened on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou while most people 1 (have) dinner. The flood brought down a large stone bridge. People had rebuilt the bridge many times. 2 it was still washed away over and over again. “What’s wrong 3 it?” Li Chun, the most famous local engineer at that time, asked himself. He 4 (work) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that the stone supports (支柱) couldn’t stand the force of the flood. One day, he 5 (think) about it when an idea came into his mind! He thought of building bow-shaped arches (拱) instead of stone supports. And there would be only one big arch, supported at each end by two small ones. When 6 (flood) came, the waters would run through the four small arches, bringing little influence on 7 bridge. He was so excited by the idea that he danced 8 (happy) right at his desk. A new Zhaozhou Bridge was built. It was 9 (safety) and beautiful. Now, this great stone bridge with a history of over 1,400 years 10 (become) a classical (经典的) example of China’s arched bridges. 四、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 It was a beautiful day. The clear, blue sky and the cool wind made my reading enjoyable. Everything was quiet and the book in my hands was lovely. Suddenly (突然), I felt my chair moving. At that moment, I thought to myself, “It is an earthquake.” I was so scared that I ran to my parents. But when I reached them, the earthquake stopped. My family and I were not in danger and our house was still there. We watched the news about the earthquake. The epicenter (震中) was very close to the city near ours. We felt lucky to be in our city. The earthquake wasn't strong or serious here. After we watched the situation (情形) of that city, I decided to volunteer (自愿) to help those people at once. I arrived in that city with a few other volunteers. We tried to help the people there. After hours of working, we found a few survivors (幸存者). We quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right. When they met their families, they were so happy. That made me very happy too. However, not everyone had a happy ending. We also found the bodies of those who didn’t make it through the earthquake. And I felt bad when I saw the tears of those people’s families. They lost their homes and family members. 1．What was the writer doing when the earthquake happened? ____________________________________________________ 2．What did the writer do when he realized it was an earthquake? ____________________________________________________ 3．How was the earthquake in the city the writer lived in? ____________________________________________________ 4．What did the writer and other volunteers do after they found the survivors? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to be a volunteer like the writer? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 When disaster strikes 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar) 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去 某一时刻或某一阶段 正在进行或发生的动作，意为 “ 那时正在 ……” 。常用的标志词： at 2:00 yesterday ， at this time yesterday ， while / when ， then / at that time / at that moment ； when my father got home 当我爸爸回到家的时候； when I passed by the playground 当我经过操场的时候； while I was reading 当我正在阅读的时候。 过去进行时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 过去进行时 表示在过去某段时间内正在发生的事情或行为。 was/were + 动词 - ing 形式 at 2:00 yesterday ， at this time yesterday ， while / when ， then / at that time / at that moment ； when my father got home 过去进行时的结构： ) ( when, while 和 as 的用法 (1) when, while 和 as 这三个词均有 “ 当 ······ 时候 ” 的意思。 如 :There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 他到场时会议室已有很多 While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. 米莉在看电视时她妈妈在睡觉。 I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning. 今天早晨我骑车上学时看见一起交通事故。 (2) when 和 as 既可以指某一点时间 , 也可以指某一段时间 , 其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的 , 也可以是延续性的 ; while 指一段时间 , 其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的 。 指一段时间时 ,when 、 while 和 as 都可用 ; 指某一点时间时 , 只能用 when 或 as, 不能用 while 。 试比较 : When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock.( ✓ ) While he woke up, it was eight o'clock.(x) When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her.( ✓ ) (3) 当某个动作正在进行时 , 又发生了另一动作 , 我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的 长动作 , 用一般过去时表示短动作。此时 when 、 while 、 as 都可以连接主从句 , 构成 “ 一般过去时 +when/while/as+ 过去进行时 ” 结构 , 过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的 “ 背景 ” 。这种情况下 , 连词 when 、 while 、 as 既可位于句中 , 也可位于句首。 如 : It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner. 我们在吃晚饭时 , 开始下起大雨。 (have dinner 为 长动作 ) When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in. 当我们正在看书时 , 一个陌生人走了进来。 (read 为 长动作 ) (4) 谈论两个同时进行的 长动作 ( 事件、情况 ), 常用 “ 过去进行时 +while+ 过去进行时 ” 结构。 while 也可位于句首。 如 :They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 当我们在爬山时 , 他们在划船。 While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. 当她在打电话时 , 我正在写一封电子邮件。 (5) 强调某个动作正在进行时 , 另一个动作突然发生 , 常用 “ 过去进行时 +when+ 一般过去时 ” 结构。 如 :I was walking in the street when he called me. 他打电话给我时 , 我正走在街上。 ) 一、单项选择 1．When I walked into the kitchen, Dad ________ breakfast and singing along with the radio. A．is cooking B．cooked C．was cooking D．will cook 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我走进厨房时，爸爸正在做早饭，并且跟着收音机唱歌。 考查动词时态。根据“When I walked into the kitchen”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，表示当我走进厨房的时候，爸爸正在做早饭，所以主句用过去进行时，其结构是“was/were doing”的形式，主语是Dad，be动词用was，cook“做饭”，现在分词是cooking，故选C。 2．Jimmy dropped his keys as he ________ to catch the train. A．runs B．ran C．has run D．was running 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉米在赶火车时掉了钥匙。 考查动词时态。根据“Jimmy dropped his keys as he...to catch the train”可知此处表示当时他正在赶火车，强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 3．When I saw Daniel yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A．helps B．was helping C．will help D．is helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天当我看到丹尼尔时，他正在帮助一位老人过马路。 考查动词时态。根据“When I saw Daniel yesterday”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，表示从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行，且从句是一般过去时，所以主句用过去进行时。故选B。 4．While I _________ my dance moves, my cat watched me and it seemed to enjoy it. A．practice B．am practicing C．was practicing D．will practice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我在练习我的舞蹈动作时，我的猫看着我，它似乎很享受。 考查动词时态。practice一般现在时；am practicing现在进行时；was practicing过去进行时；will practice一般将来时。此处主句使用一般过去时，while引导的时间状语从句表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 5．When I ________, my mobile phone rang. A．work B．am working C．worked D．was working 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我正在工作时，我的手机响了。 考查动词时态。work为一般现在时；am working为现在进行时；worked为一般过去时；was working为过去进行时。主句“my mobile phone rang”为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；从句描述主句动作发生时的背景，应用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作。故选D。 6．—I went to see you yesterday evening, but you were not in. —Oh, I ________ a film with my cousin at the cinema. A．saw B．will see C．am seeing D．was seeing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我昨天晚上去看你，但你不在。——哦，我当时正在电影院和我表弟看电影。 考查过去进行时。 saw看见（一般过去时）；will see将看见（一般将来时）；am seeing正在看见（现在进行时）；was seeing正在看见（过去进行时）。 根据“I went to see you yesterday evening, but you were not in.”可知，强调过去某个时间正在做的事，用过去进行时。故选D。 7．—I called you this morning, but there was no answer. —Oh, I ________ a speech to the students in the hall. A．made B．will make C．was making D．have made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我今天早上给你打电话了，但是没人接。——哦，我当时正在大厅里给学生们做演讲。 考查动词时态。made一般过去时；will make一般将来时；was making过去进行时；have made现在完成时。根据上文“I called you this morning, but there was no answer.”可知，此处是描述打电话时正在发生的动作，因此时态应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+动词现在分词”，主语是I，be动词用was，make的现在分词是making，故选C。 8．—I went to your home yesterday morning, but you weren’t in. —Well, I ________ along the river at that time. A．walked B．was walking C．am walking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我昨天早上去了你家，但你不在。——嗯，那时我正沿着河边散步。 考查时态。根据“I went to your home yesterday morning”及“at that time”可知，时态为过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。故选B。 9．The earthquake ________ while we ________ a meeting. A．struck; were having B．strikes; are having C．struck; had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：地震发生时，我们正在开会。 考查一般过去时和过去进行时。句子应用过去时，while引导的时间状语从句一般采用进行时态，即在此句中应采用过去进行时，其谓语结构为：was/were+现在分词。故选A。 10．Poor thing! Jack ________ a fall when he ________ on the ice. He got hurt badly. A．was having; was skating B．had; was skating C．was having; skated D．has had; was skating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：可怜的家伙！Jack在滑冰时摔倒了。他伤得很重。 考查过去进行时。短语have a fall表示“摔倒”，是一个瞬间动作；skate on the ice“在冰上滑冰”，这是一个持续动作。两个动作都发生在过去，表示在“滑冰的时候，他摔倒了”，故when引导的时间状语从句，从句的持续动作用过去进行时，主句短暂动作用一般过去时。故选B。 11．I ________ the flowers in the garden when my phone suddenly rang. A．water B．watered C．was watering D．will water 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我正在花园里浇花，这时电话突然响了。 考查动词时态。根据“when my phone suddenly rang”可知，此处指过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”，主语为I，be动词用was，water的现在分词为watering。故选C。 12．—Luo Li, what were you doing at 3 p.m. yesterday afternoon? —I ________ models with my teammates for our class project. A．make B．made C．was making D．am making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——罗丽，昨天下午三点你在做什么？——我正在和队友一起为班级项目制作模型。 考查动词时态。根据问句“Luo Li, what were you doing at 3 p.m. yesterday afternoon”可知，询问的是过去某一具体时间正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语是第一人称I，故选C。 13．The farmers ________ on the farm when suddenly a strange voice was heard. A．were working B．worked C．are working D．work 【答案】A 【详解】句意：农民们正在农场干活，突然听到一个奇怪的声音。 考查动词时态。根据题干可知，此句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，主句应用过去进行时表示农民们过去正在进行的动作。故选A。 14．While his father was watering the flowers, Tom ________ a model plane. A．was making B．was made C．is making D．has made 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当汤姆的父亲在浇花时，汤姆正在制作一架模型飞机。 考查动词的时态。根据“While his father was watering the flowers”可知，while引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”时，从句动作和主句动作同时发生，此处应用过去进行时 (was/were doing)。故选A。 15．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 7 last night? —I ________ with my sister about the “Unexpected Inventions” exhibition and didn’t hear it. A．talk B．talked C．was talking D．have talked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚7点你为什么不接我的电话？——我正在和我妹妹谈论 “意外发明”展览，没听到。 考查过去进行时。根据“at 7 last night”可知，强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were+doing。故选C。 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I (wash) the dishes. 【答案】was washing 【详解】句意：——嗨，伊桑。我昨晚8点给你打电话了，但你没接。——抱歉，我当时正在洗碗。根据“at 8:00 last night”可知，此处强调过去某个具体时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”。主语是“I”，be动词用“was”，“wash”的现在分词是“washing”。故填was washing。 2．When I saw Mr Wang, he (write) a report. 【答案】was writing 【详解】句意：当我看到王先生时，他正在写一份报告。根据“When I saw Mr Wang, he...”可知空格处需填入谓语动词，描述“看到王先生”时他正在进行的动作，用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语“he”，动词用was。故填was writing。 3．When I got home, my pet dog (lie) on the floor. 【答案】was lying 【详解】句意：当我到家时，我的宠物狗正躺在地板上。lie“躺”，根据“When I got home”可知，此处表示当我到家时，我的宠物狗正躺在地板上，用过去进行时，主语my pet dog是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填was lying。 4．Mrs Green (cook) at this time last night. 【答案】was cooking 【详解】句意：格林夫人昨晚这个时候正在做饭。根据“at this time last night”可知，句子时态为过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”；主语Mrs Green是第三人称单数，助动词用was，cook的现在分词为cooking。故填was cooking。 5．I (draw) on the computer while my parents (watch) TV last night. 【答案】 was drawing were watching 【详解】句意：昨晚我在电脑上画画的时候，我的父母正在看电视。“while”引导的时间状语从句中，主从句动作同时进行，需用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。①处主语是I，故填“was drawing”；②处主语是my parents，故填“were watching”，均在句中作谓语。故填was drawing；were watching。 6．We (take) a national defense education (国防教育) class at 9:45 this morning. 【答案】were taking 【详解】句意：今天上午9点45分我们正在上国防教育课。根据时间状语“at 9:45 this morning”可知，此处强调在过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”。主语“We”是复数，be动词用“were”，“take”的现在分词是“taking”。故填were taking。 7．When the baby saw the stranger, he (cry) and hiding behind his mother. 【答案】was crying 【详解】句意：当婴儿看到陌生人时，他哭着躲到妈妈身后。根据“When the baby saw the stranger”以及“and hiding behind his mother”可知，此处表示当婴儿看到陌生人时，他正在哭并躲在妈妈身后，需用过去进行时，其结构是“was/were+doing”；cry“哭”，动词，其现在分词形式是crying，主语是he，be动词用was。故填was crying。 8．While (walk) in the park, we saw many beautiful flowers. 【答案】walking 【详解】句意：在公园里散步时，我们看到了许多美丽的花。 walk“散步”，此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，完整句子应为“While we were walking in the park”，当主从句主语一致且从句含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词，故填walking。 9．I (check) the map at that moment and didn’t notice the red light. 【答案】was checking 【详解】句意：那时我正在查看地图，没注意到红灯。根据“at that moment”可知句子用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语“I”是第一人称单数，用“was checking”。故填was checking。 10．I was writing while he (listen) to music. 【答案】was listening 【详解】句意：我在写字的时候，他正在听音乐。根据“I was writing while he…to music.”可知，此处描述过去某个时刻正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”；主语“he”是第三人称单数，助动词用was。故填was listening。 二、完成句子 11．Millie is looking for some information now. (用at this time yesterday改写) Millie for some information . 【答案】 was looking at this time yesterday 【详解】句意：米莉现在正在查找一些信息。原句是现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作，谓语动词是“is looking”。当用“at this time yesterday”改写时，句子时态要变为过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时的结构是“was/were+动词的现在分词”，由于主语Millie是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，动词“look”的现在分词是“looking”，其他部分“for some information”保持不变，时间状语“at this time yesterday”放在句末。故填was；looking；at；this；time；yesterday。 12．I was sleeping when the telephone rang. (改为一般疑问句) you when the telephone rang? 【答案】 Were sleeping 【详解】句意：电话响的时候我正在睡觉。原句为过去进行时的肯定句，其结构是“主语+was/were +动词现在分词”。改为一般疑问句时，需将be动词（was/were）提前到句首，因为原句主语是I，变为疑问句后主语变为you，对应的be动词要用were，后面动词现在分词sleeping保持不变。故填Were；sleeping。 13．Helen was playing the piano when I called her. (变一般疑问句) Helen the piano when I called her? 【答案】 Was playing 【详解】句意：我给Helen打电话时，她正在弹钢琴。原句是一个过去进行时的句子，主句的结构为“was/were+现在分词”，变一般疑问句时把was移到句首且首字母大写，其他部分保持不变。故填Was；playing。 14．I was helping my mom in the kitchen at this time yesterday. (改为否定句) I my mom in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 【答案】 wasn’t helping 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候我正在厨房帮我妈妈。过去进行时的结构是“was/were + 现在分词”，其否定形式是在“was/were”后加“not”。原句中主语是“I”，对应的be动词过去式是“was”，所以变否定句时，在“was”后加“not”，“was not”可缩写为“wasn’t”，后面的现在分词“helping”保持不变，表达昨天这个时候没有在做帮忙的动作。故填wasn’t；helping。 15．I was calling up my good friend at 8:30 last night.（对画线部分提问） you at 8:30 last night? 【答案】 What were doing 【详解】句意：昨晚八点半我打电话给我的好朋友。画线部分表示“昨晚8:30正在做的事情”；对“过去某刻正在做某事”提问需用过去进行时结构“What was/were ... doing”，主语是you，be动词用were。故填What；were；doing。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Mrs Zhao from Beijing went to a zoo in Shanghai. There 1 all kinds of animals at the zoo. When a cute otter (水獭) 2 , she took out her phone to record a video of it. But the phone fell into the water. The otter’s name is You Tiao. He saw the phone in the water and 3 jumped into the water. He soon found the phone and gave it to a zookeeper (动物园管理员). The zookeeper then gave the phone to Mrs Zhao. It was very lucky for Mrs Zhao 4 her phone back. To thank You Tiao, she gave a pennant (锦旗) to the zoo. “My phone 5 by You Tiao before. I’ll make a trip to see 6 again!” said Mrs Zhao. You Tiao was the first among these 7 in the zoo to get a pennant. So the zoo keeper gave him 8 fish to eat for his dinner than usual. Otters like You Tiao at 9 zoo have learned to pick up things in the water. The zookeeper says You Tiao is good at doing this 10 he is very smart. The zoo wants people to see the cute animal’s work and stop throwing rubbish into the water. 1．A．be B．had C．was D．were 2．A．swims B．is swimming C．will swim D．was swimming 3．A．sadly B．sad C．quickly D．quick 4．A．get B．to get C．look D．to look 5．A．saves B．is saved C．saved D．was saved 6．A．he B．his C．him D．himself 7．A．animals B．animals’ C．animal D．animal’s 8．A．many B．more C．few D．fewer 9．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 10．A．although B．if C．because of D．because 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了北京的赵女士在上海一家动物园游玩时，手机掉入水中，水獭油条看到后迅速跳入水中帮她找回手机。赵女士为感谢油条，给动物园送了锦旗。油条成为该动物园首个获锦旗的动物，管理员奖励它比平时更多的鱼。同时，动物园管理员希望借此让人们看到动物的行为，并停止往水中扔垃圾。 1．句意：动物园里有各种各样的动物。 be动词原形；had有，过去式；was是，用于单数主语；were是，用于第二人称和复数主语。根据“There...all kinds of animals at the zoo.”可知，“There be”句型表示“某地有某物”，此处主语“all kinds of animals”是复数，且讲述过去的事情，用“were”。故选D。 2．句意：当一只可爱的水獭正在游泳时，她拿出手机录了一段它的视频。 swims游泳，三单形式；is swimming现在进行时结构；will swim一般将来时结构；was swimming过去进行时结构。根据“took out”可知，事情发生在过去，这里表示过去某个时刻水獭正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，此处选was swimming。故选D。 3．句意：他看到水里的手机，迅速跳进了水里。 sadly悲伤地；sad悲伤的；quickly迅速地；quick迅速的。根据“He saw the phone in the water and...jumped into the water.”可知，这里需要一个副词修饰动词“jumped”，表示“迅速地”跳进水里，用“quickly”。故选C。 4．句意：赵女士能找回她的手机真是太幸运了。 get得到；to get动词不定式；look看；to look动词不定式。根据“It was very lucky for Mrs Zhao...her phone back.”可知，“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”是固定句型，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，这里用“to get”。故选B。 5．句意：我的手机之前被油条救了。 saves拯救，三单形式；is saved一般现在时的被动语态；saved过去式；was saved一般过去时的被动语态。根据“My phone...by You Tao before.”可知，“phone”和“save”之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，此处选was saved。故选D。 6．句意：我会再去一趟看他。 he他，主格；his他的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；him他，宾格；himself他自己，反身代词。根据“I’ll make a trip to see...again!”可知，这里作“see”的宾语，用宾格“him”指代水獭油条，此处选him。故选C。 7．句意：油条是动物园里这些动物中第一个获得锦旗的。 animals动物，复数；animals’动物的，复数名词所有格；animal动物，单数；animal’s动物的，单数名词所有格。根据“You Tao was the first among these...in the zoo to get a pennant.”可知，“these”后接可数名词复数，这里表示“这些动物”，用“animals”。故选A。 8．句意：所以动物园管理员给他的晚餐比平时多了一些鱼。 many许多，修饰可数名词复数；more更多，many或much的比较级；few很少，修饰可数名词复数；fewer更少，few的比较级。根据“than usual”可知，此处用比较级，且表示“更多”的鱼，用“more”。故选B。 9．句意：像油条这样在这个动物园里的水獭已经学会在水中捡起东西。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，特指；/零冠词。根据“Otters like You Tao at...zoo have learned to pick up things in the water.”可知，这里特指上海的这个动物园，用“the”。故选C。 10．句意：动物园管理员说油条擅长做这件事是因为他非常聪明。 although虽然；if如果；because of因为，后接名词、代词或动名词等；because因为，后接句子。根据“The zookeeper says You Tao is good at doing this... he is very smart.”可知，“he is very smart”是句子，且表示原因，用“because”。故选D。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 It was about two o’clock in the early morning. I was sleeping when the earthquake 1 . Suddenly I felt a slight shake. Then I heard a loud 2 like thunder (雷声). Soon the real noise came, like bombs (炸弹) under the ground. The earth started to 3 . People were 4 . Some ran out of the building. I tried to run out, too, but I could not. Outside, people were running while pieces of glass were falling down. Then the 5 began to come down, too! Finally, the noise and shaking ended. It was 6 around me. I could not see anything at all, and I did not 7 if anyone else was near me. I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. “I’m here,” I said. I was afraid, but I tried to be 8 . I shouted for help, 9 no one came. Then I pulled myself slowly through the dark. Luckily, there was enough space for me to move. Hours later, as I was trying to go out, I 10 heard some noise above me. I shouted, “Please help! I’m here!” Then other people shouted, too. At last, the firemen saved us. 1．A．ended B．landed C．covered D．started 2．A．report B．noise C．show D．music 3．A．cheer B．beat C．shake D．develop 4．A．afraid B．glad C．famous D．excited 5．A．islands B．radios C．walls D．umbrellas 6．A．beautiful B．boring C．enough D．quiet 7．A．keep B．warn C．know D．write 8．A．calm B．huge C．harmful D．shy 9．A．and B．so C．but D．or 10．A．hardly B．suddenly C．usually D．loudly 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文主要回忆了作者经历地震的事情。 1．句意：地震发生时我正在睡觉。 ended结束；landed降落；covered覆盖；started开始。根据“Suddenly I felt a slight shake”可知，地震是在作者睡梦中开始的。故选D。 2．句意：然后我听到一声像雷一样的巨响。 report报告；noise响声；show节目；music音乐。根据“Soon the real noise came”可知，作者听到了响声。故选B。 3．句意：大地开始摇动。 cheer欢呼；beat击打；shake摇动；develop发展。根据“the noise and shaking ended”可知，大地摇动。故选C。 4．句意：人们感到害怕。 afraid害怕的；glad高兴的；famous有名的；excited兴奋的。根据“people were running while pieces of glass were falling down.”可知，地震来了，人们感到害怕。故选A。 5．句意：然后墙也开始倒塌了！ islands岛屿；radios收音机；walls墙；umbrellas雨伞。根据“I tried to run out, too, but I could not.”可知，是作者室内的墙开始倒塌。故选C。 6．句意：我周围一片安静。 beautiful漂亮的；boring无聊的；enough足够的；quiet安静的。根据“Finally, the noise and shaking ended.”可知，地震停下后，作者被埋在废墟下，一片安静。故选D。 7．句意：我什么也看不见，也不知道附近是否还有其他人。 keep保持；warn警告；know知道，了解；write写。根据“I could not see anything at all”可知，四周很黑，不知道是否还有其他人。故选C。 8．句意：我很害怕，但我努力保持镇静。 calm镇静的；huge大的；harmful有害的；shy害羞的。根据“I was afraid, but”可知，此处与前面害怕的情绪形成对比，是镇静的。故选A。 9．句意：我大喊救命，但没人来。 and并且，表并列；so所以，表结果；but但是，表转折；or或者，表选择。根据“Then I pulled myself slowly through the dark. Luckily, there was enough space for me to move.”可知，作者喊了救命，没人来帮忙，只能自己想办法。前后表示转折关系。故选C。 10．句意：几个小时后，当我正尝试要出去时，突然听到头顶上有一些声音。 hardly几乎不；suddenly突然地；usually通常地；loudly大声地。根据“I shouted for help, but no one came”和“as I was trying to go out”可知，作者呼救很久都没有人，这个声音是突然出现的。故选B。 三、短文填空 In the Sui Dynasty, a terrible flood happened on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou while most people 1 (have) dinner. The flood brought down a large stone bridge. People had rebuilt the bridge many times. 2 it was still washed away over and over again. “What’s wrong 3 it?” Li Chun, the most famous local engineer at that time, asked himself. He 4 (work) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that the stone supports (支柱) couldn’t stand the force of the flood. One day, he 5 (think) about it when an idea came into his mind! He thought of building bow-shaped arches (拱) instead of stone supports. And there would be only one big arch, supported at each end by two small ones. When 6 (flood) came, the waters would run through the four small arches, bringing little influence on 7 bridge. He was so excited by the idea that he danced 8 (happy) right at his desk. A new Zhaozhou Bridge was built. It was 9 (safety) and beautiful. Now, this great stone bridge with a history of over 1,400 years 10 (become) a classical (经典的) example of China’s arched bridges. 【答案】 1．were having 2．But 3．with 4．worked 5．was thinking 6．floods 7．the 8．happily 9．safe 10．has become 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述隋朝赵州桥因洪水多次被毁后，工程师李春通过创新设计 (弓型拱结构) 建造新赵州桥的故事，展现了古代中国桥梁建筑的智慧，说明赵州桥成为中国拱券桥经典范例的历史背景与设计价值。 1．句意：隋朝时，赵州城外的洨河发生了一场可怕的洪水，当时大多数人正在吃饭。本句是while引导的时间状语从句，强调“洪水发生时，人们正在吃饭”，需用过去进行时 (was/were + doing)，主语“most people”是复数，be动词用were，动词have的现在分词为having。故填were having。 2．句意：但它还是一次又一次地被冲走。前句“ People had rebuilt the bridge many times人们多次重建桥梁”与后句“it was still washed away over and over again它仍被反复冲毁”是转折关系，应用but连接句子，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填But。 3．句意：“它到底怎么了？”当时当地最有名的工程师李春自问。“What’s wrong with...?”是固定句型，意为“……怎么了？”，应用介词with。故填with。 4．句意：他日夜绘制桥梁图纸，发现石质支柱无法承受洪水的冲击力。句子描述过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时，动词work的过去式是worked。故填worked。 5．句意：一天，他正在思考这个问题，突然想到一个主意！本句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时(was/were doing），主语是“he”，be动词用was，动词think的现在分词为thinking。故填was thinking。 6．句意：当洪水来临时，水会从四个小拱中流过，对桥几乎没有影响。此处指“洪水”这一类事物，应用复数形式floods。故填floods。 7．句意：当洪水来临时，水会从四个小拱中流过，对桥几乎没有影响。根据空格后“bridge”可知，此处特指赵州桥，应用定冠词the。故填the。 8．句意：他对这个想法非常兴奋，就在书桌旁高兴地跳了起来。分析句子结构可知，此处应用happy的副词形式happily修饰动词“danced”，在句中作状语。故填happily。 9．句意：它既安全又美观。空格前“was”后接形容词，因此这里应用safety的形容词形式safe“安全的”，与“beautiful”形成并列，共同作系动词“was”的表语。故填safe。 10．句意：如今，这座有着1400多年历史的伟大石桥已成为中国拱券桥的经典范例。分析句子结构和语义可知，此处强调“这座桥现在已成为经典范例”，时态应用现在完成时 (have/has + done)；主语“this great stone bridge”是单数，助动词用has，动词become的过去分词为becom。故填has become。 四、任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 It was a beautiful day. The clear, blue sky and the cool wind made my reading enjoyable. Everything was quiet and the book in my hands was lovely. Suddenly (突然), I felt my chair moving. At that moment, I thought to myself, “It is an earthquake.” I was so scared that I ran to my parents. But when I reached them, the earthquake stopped. My family and I were not in danger and our house was still there. We watched the news about the earthquake. The epicenter (震中) was very close to the city near ours. We felt lucky to be in our city. The earthquake wasn't strong or serious here. After we watched the situation (情形) of that city, I decided to volunteer (自愿) to help those people at once. I arrived in that city with a few other volunteers. We tried to help the people there. After hours of working, we found a few survivors (幸存者). We quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right. When they met their families, they were so happy. That made me very happy too. However, not everyone had a happy ending. We also found the bodies of those who didn’t make it through the earthquake. And I felt bad when I saw the tears of those people’s families. They lost their homes and family members. 1．What was the writer doing when the earthquake happened? ____________________________________________________ 2．What did the writer do when he realized it was an earthquake? ____________________________________________________ 3．How was the earthquake in the city the writer lived in? ____________________________________________________ 4．What did the writer and other volunteers do after they found the survivors? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to be a volunteer like the writer? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】1．He was reading. 2．He ran to his parents. 3．It wasn’t strong or serious. 4．They quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right. 5．Yes, I do. Because I want to help others in need./No, I don’t. Because I’m not old enough to help others in an earthquake. 【导语】本文作者讲述了自己经历地震并参与营救震后伤员的故事。 1．根据“The clear, blue sky and the cool wind made my reading enjoyable.”可知，当地震发生时作者正在看书。故填He was reading. 2．根据“I was so scared that I ran to my parents.”可知，当作者意识到这是地震后，立刻跑向他的父母。故填He ran to his parents. 3．根据“We felt lucky to be in our city. The earthquake wasn’t strong or serious here.”可知，作者所在的城市地震不强烈也不严重。故填It wasn’t strong or serious. 4．根据“After hours of working…sent for doctors to make sure they were all right.”可知，找到幸存者后，作者和其他志愿者立刻去找医生来确保他们平安无事。故填They quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right. 5．开放性问题，答案不唯一，合理即可。参考答案：Yes, I do. Because I want to help others in need./No, I don’t. Because I’m not old enough to help others in an earthquake.   ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $