精品解析：河南省实验中学2025-2026学年八年级上学期11月期中英语试题

2025—2026学年(上)期中试卷八年级英语 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 一、听力理解(20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1. Where will the girl go for her holiday? A. To the countryside. B. To the beach. C. To the mountains. 2. What will the boy do before cleaning his room? A. Water the flowers. B. Mop the floor. C. Finish his homework. 3. Why does the boy get thinner? A. Because he eats less now. B. Because he keeps running every day. C. Because he is ill. 4. Who did Lucy go shopping with yesterday? A. Nobody. B. her mother. C. Her cousin. 5. When will they arrive at the movie theatre? A. At 7:30 p.m. B. At 7:00 p.m. C. At 6:30 p.m. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6. Which animals are more active? A. B. C. 7. What did the girl say about the elephants? A. They were cuter than the pandas. B. They were bigger than the pandas. C. They were more active than the monkeys. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8. How many things will the boy help with today? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. 9. What does the boy plan to do tomorrow? A. Sweeping the floor. B. Cooking breakfast. C. Organizing his books. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10. How old is the speaker’s brother? A. 5. B. 8. C. 13. 11. What did mom do while eating? A. She told funny stories. B. She cleaned the kitchen. C. She added dumplings. 12. How did the speaker feel at that time? A. Happy. B. Sorry. C. Tired. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13. What did Joan do last weekend? A. She watched a play. B. She went to the movies. C. She visited the museum. 14. How long did the play last? A. For 60 minutes. B. For 90 minutes. C. For 120 minutes. 15. What made the girl love the play? A. The actors. B. The music. C. The clothes. Information About the School Trip Place to visit Green 16. ______ Meeting time This 17. ______ morning Transportation By 18. ______ Things to wear School 19. ______ and sports shoes Cost 20. ______ yuan. 二、阅读理解(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) A Sports Events Bicycle tour and race A bike tour and race will be held on November 29 and 30 (Sat. & Sun.). At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tian’anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli. The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres, Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper, Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing. Cost: 200 yuan Telephone: 4675027 Brazilian footballers The Brazilian Football Club will play against Beijing Guo’an Team at the Workers Stadium on November 29. The club has four national team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes. Ticket prices: 60/100/150 yuan Time/Date: 4:30 pm, November 29 (Sat.) Telephone: 5012372 Rock climbing The Third National Rock Climbing Competition (比赛) will be held on November 29-30 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators (观众). Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou. Time/Dates: 9-12 am November 29 and 30 (Sat. & Sun.) Telephone: 7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua 1. If you take part in the bike tour, you will ride for ______ kilometres. A. 35 B. 55 C. 75 D. 110 2. If a couple want to watch the football match, how much will they pay at most? A. 60 yuan B. 120 yuan C. 200 yuan D. 300 yuan 3. What is special about the rock climbing competition? A. A foreign team takes part in it. B. You can’t watch it without paying. C. You don’t have to be a sportsman to take part in it. D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free. 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The bike tour and race starts at Tian’anmen Square at 4:30 am. B. The football match includes Romario playing for at least 45 minutes. C. The Brazilian Football Club’s match is planned for the morning of November 27th. D. The Third National Rock Climbing Competition is held at the Workers Stadium. 5. Where can we probably read the text? A. In a geography textbook B. In a travel guidebook C. In a sports newspaper D. In a physics paper 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了三个即将举行的体育赛事活动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“the first 35 kilometres”，“the next 55 kilometre leg”以及“The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres”可知，第一段骑行35千米，第二段骑行55千米，第三段骑行20千米，总共骑行35+55+20=110千米。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Ticket prices: 60/100/150 yuan”可知，票价有60元、100元和150元三种，一对夫妇如果都买最贵的票，那么他们最多需要支付150×2=300元。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators (观众).”可知，攀岩比赛的特别之处在于有一支外国队伍（日本队）参加，并且观众可以免费观看。故选A。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.”可知，足球比赛包括罗马里奥至少踢45分钟，B选项表述正确。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了自行车巡回赛、足球比赛和攀岩比赛这三项体育活动，所以最有可能在体育报纸上读到这篇文章。故选C。 B How long or far is “sanshe” in the idiom “tuibi sanshe (退避三舍)”? In ancient times, she was a unit of distance (距离). One she is equal to (等于) 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters. So sanshe, meaning three she, is 45 km. There is a story behind this idiom. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 B.C.), Prince Chong’er of the Jin State fled (逃离) from his home state. He had to travel to other states. Once, he went to the state of Chu. King Chengwang of Chu saw him as an important guest (客人) and served him a big dinner. He asked Chong’er, “If you rule the state of Jin one day, how would you thank me?” “It seems your state has everything you want. I have nothing that you like,” Chong’er said. However, the king still asked for something. Finally, Chong’er said. “I would ask my army to retreat (撤退) sanshe if we ever fight.” Later, Chong’er returned to his home state Jin and became its ruler Wengong. Both of the two states wanted to become stronger and get more land. They went to war with each other. Jin Wengong didn’t break his promise. He asked his army to retreat sanshe and stay in Chengpu. The Chu army thought the Jin soldiers were afraid to fight, so they followed them. To their surprise, the Jin army surrounded them. In the end, Jin won the war. This was the famous Battle of Chengpu. After this war, people used “tuibi sanshe” to mean retreating to avoid a conflict (避免冲突). 6. How far is “sanshe”? A. 500 m. B. 15 km. C. 90 li. D. 30 km. 7. Why did King Chengwang treat Chong’er as an important guest? A. Because he thought Chong’er had everything he wanted. B. Because he wanted Chong’er to thank him someday. C. Because he liked making friends with people. D. Because he was a kind person who always helped others. 8. What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph? A. 包围 B. 信任 C. 逃避 D. 款待 9. What does the idiom “tuibi sanshe” mean today? A. Keeping one’s word. B. Retreating to avoid a conflict. C. Trying to stay cheerful when we feel down. D. Staying away from bad people. 10. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To encourage people to avoid the conflict. B. To list Chinese idioms. C. To explain a Chinese idiom. D. To tell the ways of learning idioms. 【答案】6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了成语“退避三舍”背后的历史故事。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据“One she is equal to (等于) 30 li.”可知，一舍等于30里，所以三舍，是90里。故选C。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据“He asked Chong’er, ‘If you rule the state of Jin one day, how would you thank me?’”可知，楚成王问重耳，“如果你有一天统治了晋国，你会怎么感谢我呢？”由此可知，楚成王把重耳当作贵宾是因为他想让重耳有一天感谢他。故选B。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“To their surprise, the Jin army surrounded them. In the end, Jin won the war.”和选项可推知，晋军包围了楚军，最后，赢得了战争，所以surrounded意为“包围”。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据“After this war, people used ‘tuibi sanshe’ to mean retreating to avoid a conflict (避免冲突).”可知，这场战争之后，人们用“退避三舍”来表示退避以避免冲突。故选B。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要解释了成语“退避三舍”的含义和由来。故选C。 C Shirley, an elephant, has something to say. She opens her mouth and speaks. The nearby elephants understand the sound, but it is just noise to me. What is Shirley exactly saying? Scientists are not sure, but they are trying to find out how elephants communicate. I visited Shirley at the Elephant Sanctuary (避难所) in Hohenwald, Tennessee. The sanctuary is home of Shirley and five other elephants—Bunny, Jenny, Sissy, Tarra and Winkie. All six animals were once in zoos or circuses (马戏团). Now they walk freely in the forests. A noisy group Not all the elephants speak like Shirley. Tarra speaks like a sea lion when she is happy. Bunny squeaks (吱吱叫) often. I soon get used to hearing the different voices of the elephants. When one gray giant comes close to me, I know which elephant it is. Elephants also communicate in a way that people can’t hear. Scientists believe that elephants’ sound can travel for kilometers. Elephants in a group use it to keep in touch when they are alone. Old friends The elephants speak to one another for the same reasons people talk. Sometimes they even shout with excitement. When Shirley first came to the sanctuary, Jenny looked at her and began to shout. Shirley shouted back. At first, the animal keepers had no idea what it was about. Later, they discovered (发现) that Shirley and Jenny had stayed together for 20 years earlier in a circus. They still knew each other. ▲ There are two kinds of elephants—Asian elephants and African elephants. In the wild, both kinds are endangered (濒危的). In 1970, about 100,000 Asian elephants lived in the wild in Southeast Asia. Now there are only 25,600 to 32,750 elephants living there. Their home is being gradually destroyed (被毁坏). As the population grows, humans are building on more of the land. In Africa, many wild elephants lived there 20 years ago. But today, only half of them still live there. 11. What can we know about the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald? A. It is home to only one elephant named Shirley. B. All elephants there used to live in zoos or circuses. C. Elephants there can’t walk freely in the forests. D. It is located in Southeast Asia. 12. Why do elephants use the sound people can’t hear? A. To show excitement to other elephants. B. To keep in touch with their group members. C. To let animal keepers know their needs. D. To scare away humans near them. 13. Which of the following can be put back into ______? A. The wild elephants. B. African elephants. C. Asian elephants. D. Elephants in danger. 14. If there were 2 thousand wild elephants living in Africa 20 years ago, how many of them are still there now? A. 25,600. B. 32,750 C. 1,000. D. 10,000. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of elephants in circuses and zoos. B. How Shirley makes friends with other elephants. C. Different ways elephants communicate and their living situation. D. Why Asian elephants are more endangered than African elephants. 【答案】11. B 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了大象的交流方式以及它们的生活状况。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The sanctuary is home of Shirley and five other elephants—Bunny, Jenny, Sissy, Tarra and Winkie. All six animals were once in zoos or circuses (马戏团).”可知，避难所是雪莉和其他五头大象的家园，这六只动物都曾在动物园或马戏团生活过。故选B。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Elephants also communicate in a way that people can’t hear. Scientists believe that elephants’ sound can travel for kilometers. Elephants in a group use it to keep in touch when they are alone.”可知，大象也用一种人们听不到方式交流，科学家认为大象的声音可以传播数公里远，群体中的大象在独自一人时用它来保持联系。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据“There are two kinds of elephants—Asian elephants and African elephants. In the wild, both kinds are endangered (濒危的).”可知，有两种大象——亚洲象和非洲象，在野外，这两种大象都濒临灭绝，所以本段主要讲的是处于危险中的大象。故选D。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In Africa, many wild elephants lived there 20 years ago. But today, only half of them still live there.”可知，20年前，非洲有许多野生大象，但现在只有一半还生活在那里，所以如果20年前非洲有2000头野生大象，那么现在那里还有1000头。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了大象的交流方式以及它们的生活状况。故选C。 D Farming has always been a countryside thing. But now, farms are coming to the balconies of city flats. According to a recent report, sales of vegetable seeds on the Internet in 2024 increased (增长) compared with 2023. ____16____ Zhang Chao from Anhui Province is one young “city farmer”. The senior high school student said his love for planting was formed in primary school, when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. ____17____ Though farming takes hard work, Zhang said he felt excited when he saw seeds turn into plants. Now Zhang still keeps up his hobby with a balcony garden. ____18____ “Growing fruits and vegetables not only brings delicious food, but it also reminds me of the happy times with my grandpa.” said Zhang. ____19____ The 16-year-old girl sometimes felt stressed so she started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021. Most of the seeds were given to her by friends. Not knowing what plants the seeds were from, she just planted them and waited patiently. After half a year, her balcony became a small garden. Every day it takes her long hours to do homework. Then she likes to walk around her balcony garden. ____20____ Planting vegetables is now more than just a way to live. It also brings joy to the lives of the young. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。 A. Unlike Zhang, Fang Ming from Shenzhen thinks that planting a garden is a good way to relax and develop patience. B. He learned to grow vegetables from his grandpa, who has been a farmer for life. C. Of these buyers, most were city people looking for health. D. “Seeing different colors and breathing fresh air, I feel closer to nature.” Fang said. E. He grows strawberries and carrots. 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了城市居民开始在阳台种植蔬菜和水果的新趋势，以及这一现象对年轻人生活的影响。 【16题详解】 根据“According to a recent report, sales of vegetable seeds on the Internet in 2024 increased (增长) compared with 2023.”可知，此处提到了蔬菜种子销售的增长，选项C“在这些购买者中，大多数是追求健康生活的城里人。”符合，故选C。 【17题详解】 根据“when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside”可知，此处应介绍他和爷爷在乡村的生活，选项B“他从当了一辈子农民的爷爷那里学会了种菜。”符合，故选B。 【18题详解】 根据“Growing fruits and vegetables not only brings delicious food”可知，此处提到他种植了蔬菜和水果，选项E“他种植草莓和胡萝卜。”符合，故选E。 【19题详解】 根据“The 16-year-old girl sometimes felt stressed so she started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021.”可知，此处提到了另外一个人，选项A“与张不同，来自深圳的方明认为，种植花园是放松身心、培养耐心的好方法。”符合，故选A。 【20题详解】 根据“Then she likes to walk around her balcony garden.”可知，此处应介绍方明对阳台花园的感受，选项D“方明说：‘看着五彩斑斓的景象，呼吸着新鲜空气，我感觉自己离大自然更近了。’”符合，故选D。 三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意， 然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。 In the seventh grade when my mother told me that I should join the golf team, I thought she was crazy. But as usual, my mother ____21____ in the end. I played in the ____22____ team in the seventh and eighth grade. Then, I became more and more interested in golf. The summer ____23____ high school came, I strongly wanted to join the golf team in high school. So, I spent nearly every weekend on the golf course (场地) ____24____ that summer. This ____25____ relationship (关系) with my parents lasted for all my high school years. My parents thought that it was ____26____ the hours we spent together on the golf course, we became closer. It was clear to find ____27____ is important in life when I walked around the golf course and looking up at the beautiful blue sky. My mom and I discussed my ____28____ about golf in the middle of the match. We ____29____ the future of our family. We shared such things as we would ____30____ do at home, where she is Mom and I am an annoying (烦人的) boy. On the golf course ____31____ golf. Golfing becomes a part of my ____32____. In summer, I’m always on the golf course. There is ____33____ I love more than a perfect autumn morning, riding around in a golf cart (球车) with my dad. Golf makes me into the man I am today. Thanks to my mom ____34____ that golf team. She was ____35____ as usual. 21. A. stopped B. agreed C. came D. won 22. A. golf B. tennis C. volleyball D. basketball 23. A. before B. after C. when D. until 24. A. classmates B. friends C. parents D. coaches 25. A. funny B. close C. poor D. hard 26. A. as for B. because of C. such as D. according to 27. A. what B. why C. who D. where 28. A. questions B. answers C. problems D. secrets 29. A. looked up B. put up C. talked about D. worried about 30. A. always B. usually C. sometimes D. never 31. A. collected B. learned C. loved D. knew 32. A. team B. life C. job D. story 33. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 34. A. miss B. join C. train D. leave 35. A. clever B. kind C. friendly D. right 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者在妈妈建议下，加入了学校高尔夫球队，他对高尔夫的兴趣增加了。在夏天，每个周末他和父母一起去高尔夫球场。因为他们一起在高尔夫球场上度过的时光，他们的关系变得更亲密了。 【21题详解】 句意：但是，像平常一样，最后我妈妈赢了。 stopped停止；agreed停止；came来；won赢得。根据前文“In the seventh grade when my mother told me that I should join the golf team, I thought she was crazy.”可知，我妈妈建议我加入高尔夫球队，我以为她疯了；根据后文“I played on the middle-school...team in the seventh and eighth grade.”可知，后来，我加入了学校高尔夫球队，因此最后是我妈妈赢了。故选D。 【22题详解】 句意：我在七年级和八年级时参加了中学高尔夫球队。 golf高尔夫球；tennis网球；volleyball排球；basketball篮球。根据后文“Then, I became more and more interested in golf.”可知，他对高尔夫球兴趣增加，因此他加入了高尔夫球队。故选A。 【23题详解】 句意：高中来临前的那个夏天，我非常想加入高中球队。 before在……之前；after在……之后；when当……时候；until直到。根据后文“I strongly wanted to join the golf team in high school. So, I spent nearly every weekend on the golf course (场地)…that summer.”可知，我想要加入高中球队，是在上高中之前的那个夏天。故选A。 【24题详解】 句意：那个夏天，几乎每个周末我都和父母去高尔夫球场。 classmates同学；friends朋友；parents父母；coaches教练。根据后文“This…relationship (关系) with my parents lasted for all my high school years.”可知，我和父母的关系亲密了，因此表示我和父母一起去高尔夫球场。故选C。 【25题详解】 句意：这种与父母的亲密关系持续了我整个高中时代。 funny有趣的；close亲密的；poor贫穷的；hard努力的。根据后文“My parents thought that it was…the hours we spent together on the golf course, we became closer.”可知，此处表示我和父母的关系亲密。故选B。 【26题详解】 句意：我父母认为，因为我们一起在高尔夫球场上度过的时光，我们变得更亲密了。 as for至于；because of因为；such as例如；according to根据。根据分析句子“My parents thought that it was…the hours we spent together on the golf course, we became closer.”可知，前后构成因果关系，我们的关系更亲密了，是我们一起在高尔夫球场上度过的时光的原因，因此用because of。故选B。 【27题详解】 句意：当我走在修剪过的球道上，望着绵延数英里的高尔夫球场，仰望着美丽的蓝天时，我明白了生命中什么是重要的。 what什么；why为什么；who谁；where哪里。根据分析句子“It was clear to find…is important in life when I walked around the golf course and looking up at the beautiful blue sky.”可知，动词find后的宾语从句，缺少主语，表示事物，用代词what。故选A。 【28题详解】 句意：我和妈妈在比赛进行了一半时讨论了我的高尔夫问题。 questions问题，表示需要回答或解释的问题；answers答案；problems问题，表示需要处理的难题；secrets秘密。根据空格后“in the middle of the match.”可知，在比赛进行到一半时，我们讨论高尔夫球问题，应是需要解决的难题，用problems。故选C。 【29题详解】 句意：我们讨论了在不久的将来我们的家庭计划。 looked up查阅；put up张贴；talked about谈论；worried about担心。根据“We shared such things as we would...do at home.”，结合选项可知，我们分享一些事，因此表示我们在讨论事情。故选C。 【30题详解】 句意：我们分享了在家里从来不做的事情。 always总是；usually经常；sometimes有时；never从不。根据空格后“where she is Mom and I am an annoying (烦人的) boy.”可知，她是妈妈，我是一个惹人烦恼的男孩，因此表示我们的观点不同，这次我们一起分享观点，应是在家里从未做过的事。故选D。 【31题详解】 句意：在高尔夫球场上，我们只是两个热爱高尔夫的人。 collected收集；learned学习；loved热爱；knew直到。根据前文“So, I spent nearly every weekend on the golf course (场地)…that summer.”可知，我和父母每个周末都去高尔夫球场，因此表示我妈妈和我都是热爱高尔夫球的人。故选C。 【32题详解】 句意：打高尔夫球成了我生活的一部分。 team团队；life生活；job工作；story故事。根据后文In summer, I’m always on the golf course.”可知，在夏天，我总是在高尔夫球场上。因此打高尔夫球成了我生活的一部分。故选B。 【33题详解】 句意：没有什么比一个完美的秋天早晨，和爸爸一起坐着高尔夫球车到处转更让我喜欢的了。 something某事；everything一切；anything任何事；nothing没什么。根据“There is…I love more than a perfect autumn morning, riding around in a golf cart (球车) with my dad.”可知，此处应该指的是没有什么比一个完美的秋天早晨。否定句与比较级连用，表示最高级。故选D。 【34题详解】 句意：多亏了我妈妈，她让我加入了中学的高尔夫球队。 miss想念；join加入；train训练；leave离开。根据前文“In the seventh grade when my mother told me that I should join the golf team, I thought she was crazy.”可知，此处指的是妈妈让我加入了高尔夫球队。故选B。 【35题详解】 句意：她是对的——像往常一样。 clever聪明的；kind善良的；friendly友好的；right正确的。根据前文“Golf makes me into the man I am today. Thanks to my mom…that golf team.”可知，高尔夫塑造并造就了今天的我。多亏了我妈妈，她让我加入了中学的高尔夫球队。因此妈妈的做法是对的。故选D。 四、语篇填空 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、完整。每空仅限一词，每词限用一次。 fail pass where good call it up unlucky test be In Chinese, the phrase daomei is often used to describe (描述) bad luck. ____36____ did daomei come from? It is said that daomei comes from the dialect (方言) of the Zhejiang region during the Ming Dynasty. ____37____ has something to do with Chinese imperial examinations (科举考试). At the time, there ____38____ no entrance exams (入学考试) for colleges and universities like today. If someone wanted to become a civil servant (文职官员), that person would need to ____39____ the imperial examinations. The imperial examinations had several ____40____ at different levels (水平). Through the highest-level tests, called dianshi, the ____41____ candidates (应试者) were selected (挑选) by the emperor. The imperial examinations were hard. During the Ming Dynasty, candidates in the Zhejiang region would put ____42____ a flagpole (旗杆) in front of their gate, wishing themselves good luck in the tests. Local people ____43____ the flagpole mei at the time. If someone passed the tests, the flagpole would be kept up. If they ____44____, the flagpole would be removed, which was called daomei, meaning “the flagpole falls”. As time passed daomei came to not only refer to (指代) failing a test, but also refer to being ____45____ in general. The Chinese character for mei was also changed from “楣” to today’s “雷”, since the two have the same pronunciation. 【答案】36. Where 37 It 38. were 39. pass 40. tests 41. best 42. up 43. called 44. failed 45. unlucky 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了中文短语“倒霉”的来源，它最初与明朝时期浙江地区的科举考试有关，后来逐渐演变为指代考试失败或一般的不幸。 【36题详解】 句意：“倒霉”这个词从哪里来的？根据“did daomei come from”可知，此处是询问“倒霉”这个词的来源，用where引导特殊疑问句，句首字母大写。故填Where。 【37题详解】 句意：它与科举考试有关。根据“has something to do with Chinese imperial examinations”可知，此处是指“倒霉”这个词与科举考试有关，用it指代上文提到的daomei，句首字母大写。故填It。 【38题详解】 句意：当时，没有像今天这样的大学入学考试。根据“no entrance exams”可知，此处是there be句型，根据“At the time”可知，句子是一般过去时，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were。 【39题详解】 句意：如果有人想成为公务员，那个人需要通过科举考试。根据“the imperial examinations”可知，此处是指通过科举考试，用pass表示“通过”，need to do sth“需要做某事”。故填pass。 【40题详解】 句意：科举考试有几个不同级别的测试。根据“The imperial examinations had several...at different levels”可知，此处是指科举考试有几个不同级别的测试，用test表示“测试”，several后接名词复数。故填tests。 【41题详解】 句意：通过最高级别的考试，称为殿试，最好的应试者由皇帝挑选。根据“candidates”可知，此处是指最好的应试者，用good的最高级best修饰名词candidates。故填best。 【42题详解】 句意：在明朝时期，浙江地区的考生会在门前竖起一根旗杆，祝愿自己考试顺利。根据“put...a flagpole”可知，此处是固定短语put up“竖起”。故填up。 【43题详解】 句意：当时当地人把旗杆叫做“楣”。根据“the flagpole mei”可知，此处是指把旗杆叫做“楣”，用call表示“叫做”，根据“at the time”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填called。 【44题详解】 句意：如果他们考试失败了，旗杆就会被移除，这被称为“倒霉”，意思是“旗杆倒了”。根据“the flagpole would be removed, which was called daomei”可知，此处是指如果考试失败了，旗杆就会被移除，用fail表示“失败”，根据“passed”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填failed。 【45题详解】 句意：随着时间的推移，“倒霉”不仅指考试失败，也指一般的不幸。根据“not only refer to (指代) failing a test, but also refer to being”可知，此处是指不仅指考试失败，也指一般的不幸，用unlucky表示“不幸的”，形容词作表语。故填unlucky。 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Interesting things happen everywhere. A young couple went shopping. At the checkout counter, the cashier (收银员) told them they needed to pay “two hundred and fifty”. The husband ____46____ like the number and asked his wife to pick something else. The wife went back to the mall. She was very happy because she liked buying things. It was a good chance for her ____47____ buy some clothes she liked. A few minutes later, the wife came back with a lot of things. Although they bought more than they needed, it ____48____ a good thing to avoid (避免) the number. The husband asked ____49____ a delightful voice, “How much is it this time?” The cashier scanned the goods, checked the screen, ____50____ said, “Sir, you got two ‘two hundred and fifty’ this time” 【答案】46. didn’t 47. to 48. was 49. in 50. and 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对年轻夫妇购物时因为不喜欢“250”这个数字而多买东西，结果还是花了两个“250”的趣事。 【46题详解】 句意：丈夫不喜欢这个数字，让妻子再挑点别的东西。根据“The husband...like the number and asked his wife to pick something else.”可知，丈夫不喜欢这个数字，时态是一般过去时，用助动词didn’t表示否定。故填didn’t。 【47题详解】 句意：这对她来说是一个买她喜欢的衣服的好机会。根据“It was a good chance for her...buy some clothes she liked.”可知，此处是it is a/an+adj+for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……的”，用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to。 【48题详解】 句意：虽然他们买的东西比需要的多，但避免这个数字是件好事。根据“Although they bought more than they needed, it...a good thing to avoid (避免) the number.”可知，避免这个数字是件好事，时态是一般过去时，主语是it，be动词用was。故填was。 【49题详解】 句意：丈夫用愉快的声音问道：“这次多少钱？”根据“...a delightful voice”可知，此处表示“用某种声音”，应用介词“in”。故填in。 【50题详解】 句意：收银员扫描了商品，检查了屏幕，然后说：“先生，这次你花了两个‘250’。”根据“The cashier scanned the goods, checked the screen…said”可知，空格前后表示顺承关系，所以用and连接。故填and。 五、补全对话(5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 Lucy: Mark, did you do anything special last weekend? Mark: Not really. I just stayed at home. ____51____? Lucy: I went to the forest to look for insects. Mark: Wow, sounds great. ____52____? Lucy: Because our teacher asked us to write something about insects for homework. Mark: ____53____? Lucy: I went there with my classmate. Mark: How did you go there? Lucy: ____54____. Mark: It must be a wonderful bus ride, right? Lucy: Yes, we had fun along the way, but the trip was terrible. At first, everything was fine. ____55____. Mark: Poor you. You must be very cold after getting wet. 【答案】51. What about you 52. Why did you go there 53. Who did you go with 54. We went there by bus 55. But then it rained and we got wet 【解析】 【导语】本文是Lucy和Mark的对话，Lucy讲述了自己上周末去森林找昆虫的经历。 【51题详解】 根据答语“I went to the forest to look for insects.”可知，此处是Mark询问Lucy上周末做了什么。故填What about you。 【52题详解】 根据答语“Because our teacher asked us to write something about insects for homework.”可知。此处是Mark询问Lucy去森林找昆虫的原因，故填Why did you go there。 【53题详解】 根据答语“I went there with my classmate.”可知，此处是Mark询问Lucy和谁一起去的。故填Who did you go with。 【54题详解】 根据问句“How did you go there?”可知，此处是Lucy回答去那里的交通方式，结合“It must be a wonderful bus ride, right?”可知，是乘坐公交车去的。故填We went there by bus。 【55题详解】 根据“Yes, we had fun along the way, but the trip was terrible. At first, everything was fine.”以及“Poor you. You must be very cold after getting wet.”可知，此处是Lucy讲述途中发生的不好的事情，即下雨了，自己被淋湿了。故填But then it rained and we got wet。 六、书面表达(共20分) 56. 朋友是我们一辈子的财富。多交益友，如同持宝。未来你想和怎样的人交朋友呢？请结合以下要点和提示，以The Person I Want to Make Friends with为题写一篇短文，谈谈你的想法吧。 写作提示： 1. What kind of person do you want to make friends with? 2. What personal qualities (个人品质) do you hope she/he should have? And why? (可参考以上给出的图示，至少论述两个品质) 写作要求： 1.文中须包含以上写作提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥; 2.文中不得出现真实姓名和班级名称; 3.词数100左右 (文中已给出内容不计入总词数)。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The Person I Want to Make Friends with I really want to make friends with people who are positive and possess good personal qualities. First, I hope my friend can be humorous. A sense of humor can always bring us joy. When I feel upset, a funny friend can make me feel better. Second, it’s important for a friend to be honest. Honesty builds trust, and I believe a true friend should always tell the truth, even if it’s hard. Besides, an open-minded person who respects different opinions would be great, as we can learn from each other. Such a friend will surely make my life more meaningful. 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生按照要点进行阐述，适当添加细节，突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开门见山，直接点明核心观点，引出重点介绍的内容； 第二步，具体阐述希望朋友具备的三个品质（幽默、诚实、开放包容），并补充具体理由。 第三步，书写结语，表达拥有这样朋友的意义。 [亮点词汇] ①make friends交朋友 ②sense of humor幽默感 ③learn from each other互相学习 [高分句型] ①I really want to make friends with people who are positive and possess good personal qualities.（定语从句） ②When I feel upset, a funny friend can make me feel better.（时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年(上)期中试卷八年级英语 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 一、听力理解(20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1. Where will the girl go for her holiday? A. To the countryside. B. To the beach. C. To the mountains. 2. What will the boy do before cleaning his room? A. Water the flowers. B. Mop the floor. C. Finish his homework. 3. Why does the boy get thinner? A. Because he eats less now. B. Because he keeps running every day. C. Because he is ill. 4. Who did Lucy go shopping with yesterday? A. Nobody. B. her mother. C. Her cousin. 5. When will they arrive at the movie theatre? A. At 7:30 p.m. B. At 7:00 p.m. C. At 6:30 p.m. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6. Which animals are more active? A. B. C. 7. What did the girl say about the elephants? A. They were cuter than the pandas. B. They were bigger than the pandas. C. They were more active than the monkeys. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8. How many things will the boy help with today? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. 9. What does the boy plan to do tomorrow? A. Sweeping the floor. B. Cooking breakfast. C. Organizing his books. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10. How old is the speaker’s brother? A. 5. B. 8. C. 13. 11. What did mom do while eating? A. She told funny stories. B. She cleaned the kitchen. C. She added dumplings. 12. How did the speaker feel at that time? A. Happy. B. Sorry. C. Tired. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13. What did Joan do last weekend? A. She watched a play. B. She went to the movies. C. She visited the museum. 14. How long did the play last? A. For 60 minutes. B. For 90 minutes. C. For 120 minutes. 15. What made the girl love the play? A. The actors. B. The music. C. The clothes. Information About the School Trip Place to visit Green 16. ______ Meeting time This 17. ______ morning Transportation By 18. ______ Things to wear School 19. ______ and sports shoes Cost 20. ______ yuan. 二、阅读理解(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) A Sports Events Bicycle tour and race A bike tour and race will be held on November 29 and 30 (Sat. & Sun.). At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tian’anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli. The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres, Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper, Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing. Cost: 200 yuan Telephone: 4675027 Brazilian footballers The Brazilian Football Club will play against Beijing Guo’an Team at the Workers Stadium on November 29. The club has four national team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes. Ticket prices: 60/100/150 yuan Time/Date: 4:30 pm, November 29 (Sat.) Telephone: 5012372 Rock climbing The Third National Rock Climbing Competition (比赛) will be held on November 29-30 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators (观众). Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou. Time/Dates: 9-12 am, November 29 and 30 (Sat. & Sun.) Telephone: 7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua 1. If you take part in the bike tour, you will ride for ______ kilometres. A. 35 B. 55 C. 75 D. 110 2. If a couple want to watch the football match, how much will they pay at most? A. 60 yuan B. 120 yuan C. 200 yuan D. 300 yuan 3. What is special about the rock climbing competition? A. A foreign team takes part in it. B. You can’t watch it without paying. C. You don’t have to be a sportsman to take part in it. D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free. 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The bike tour and race starts at Tian’anmen Square at 4:30 am. B. The football match includes Romario playing for at least 45 minutes. C. The Brazilian Football Club’s match is planned for the morning of November 27th. D. The Third National Rock Climbing Competition is held at the Workers Stadium. 5. Where can we probably read the text? A. In a geography textbook B. In a travel guidebook C. In a sports newspaper D. In a physics paper B How long or far is “sanshe” in the idiom “tuibi sanshe (退避三舍)”? In ancient times, she was a unit of distance (距离). One she is equal to (等于) 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters. So sanshe, meaning three she, is 45 km. There is a story behind this idiom. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 B.C.), Prince Chong’er of the Jin State fled (逃离) from his home state. He had to travel to other states. Once, he went to the state of Chu. King Chengwang of Chu saw him as an important guest (客人) and served him a big dinner. He asked Chong’er, “If you rule the state of Jin one day, how would you thank me?” “It seems your state has everything you want. I have nothing that you like,” Chong’er said. However, the king still asked for something. Finally, Chong’er said. “I would ask my army to retreat (撤退) sanshe if we ever fight.” Later Chong’er returned to his home state Jin and became its ruler Wengong. Both of the two states wanted to become stronger and get more land. They went to war with each other. Jin Wengong didn’t break his promise. He asked his army to retreat sanshe and stay in Chengpu. The Chu army thought the Jin soldiers were afraid to fight, so they followed them. To their surprise, the Jin army surrounded them. In the end, Jin won the war. This was the famous Battle of Chengpu. After this war, people used “tuibi sanshe” to mean retreating to avoid a conflict (避免冲突). 6. How far is “sanshe”? A. 500 m. B. 15 km. C. 90 li. D. 30 km. 7. Why did King Chengwang treat Chong’er as an important guest? A. Because he thought Chong’er had everything he wanted. B. Because he wanted Chong’er to thank him someday. C. Because he liked making friends with people. D. Because he was a kind person who always helped others. 8. What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph? A. 包围 B. 信任 C. 逃避 D. 款待 9. What does the idiom “tuibi sanshe” mean today? A. Keeping one’s word. B. Retreating to avoid a conflict. C. Trying to stay cheerful when we feel down. D. Staying away from bad people. 10. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To encourage people to avoid the conflict. B. To list Chinese idioms. C. To explain a Chinese idiom. D. To tell the ways of learning idioms. C Shirley, an elephant, has something to say. She opens her mouth and speaks. The nearby elephants understand the sound, but it is just noise to me. What is Shirley exactly saying? Scientists are not sure, but they are trying to find out how elephants communicate. I visited Shirley at the Elephant Sanctuary (避难所) in Hohenwald, Tennessee. The sanctuary is home of Shirley and five other elephants—Bunny, Jenny, Sissy, Tarra and Winkie. All six animals were once in zoos or circuses (马戏团). Now they walk freely in the forests. A noisy group Not all the elephants speak like Shirley. Tarra speaks like a sea lion when she is happy. Bunny squeaks (吱吱叫) often. I soon get used to hearing the different voices of the elephants. When one gray giant comes close to me, I know which elephant it is. Elephants also communicate in a way that people can’t hear. Scientists believe that elephants’ sound can travel for kilometers. Elephants in a group use it to keep in touch when they are alone. Old friends The elephants speak to one another for the same reasons people talk. Sometimes they even shout with excitement. When Shirley first came to the sanctuary Jenny looked at her and began to shout. Shirley shouted back. At first, the animal keepers had no idea what it was about. Later, they discovered (发现) that Shirley and Jenny had stayed together for 20 years earlier in a circus. They still knew each other. ▲ There are two kinds of elephants—Asian elephants and African elephants. In the wild, both kinds are endangered (濒危的). In 1970, about 100,000 Asian elephants lived in the wild in Southeast Asia. Now there are only 25,600 to 32,750 elephants living there. Their home is being gradually destroyed (被毁坏). As the population grows, humans are building on more of the land. In Africa, many wild elephants lived there 20 years ago. But today, only half of them still live there. 11. What can we know about the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald? A. It is home to only one elephant named Shirley. B. All elephants there used to live in zoos or circuses. C. Elephants there can’t walk freely in the forests. D. It is located in Southeast Asia. 12. Why do elephants use the sound people can’t hear? A. To show excitement to other elephants. B. To keep in touch with their group members. C. To let animal keepers know their needs. D. To scare away humans near them. 13. Which of the following can be put back into ______? A. The wild elephants. B. African elephants. C. Asian elephants. D. Elephants in danger. 14. If there were 2 thousand wild elephants living in Africa 20 years ago, how many of them are still there now? A. 25,600. B. 32,750 C. 1,000. D. 10,000. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A The history of elephants in circuses and zoos. B. How Shirley makes friends with other elephants. C. Different ways elephants communicate and their living situation. D. Why Asian elephants are more endangered than African elephants. D Farming has always been a countryside thing. But now, farms are coming to the balconies of city flats. According to a recent report, sales of vegetable seeds on the Internet in 2024 increased (增长) compared with 2023. ____16____ Zhang Chao from Anhui Province is one young “city farmer”. The senior high school student said his love for planting was formed in primary school, when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. ____17____ Though farming takes hard work, Zhang said he felt excited when he saw seeds turn into plants. Now Zhang still keeps up his hobby with a balcony garden. ____18____ “Growing fruits and vegetables not only brings delicious food, but it also reminds me of the happy times with my grandpa.” said Zhang. ____19____ The 16-year-old girl sometimes felt stressed so she started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021. Most of the seeds were given to her by friends. Not knowing what plants the seeds were from, she just planted them and waited patiently. After half a year, her balcony became a small garden. Every day it takes her long hours to do homework. Then she likes to walk around her balcony garden. ____20____ Planting vegetables is now more than just a way to live. It also brings joy to the lives of the young. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。 A. Unlike Zhang, Fang Ming from Shenzhen thinks that planting a garden is a good way to relax and develop patience. B. He learned to grow vegetables from his grandpa, who has been a farmer for life. C. Of these buyers most were city people looking for health. D. “Seeing different colors and breathing fresh air, I feel closer to nature.” Fang said. E. He grows strawberries and carrots. 三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意， 然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。 In the seventh grade when my mother told me that I should join the golf team, I thought she was crazy. But as usual, my mother ____21____ in the end. I played in the ____22____ team in the seventh and eighth grade. Then, I became more and more interested in golf. The summer ____23____ high school came, I strongly wanted to join the golf team in high school. So, I spent nearly every weekend on the golf course (场地) ____24____ that summer. This ____25____ relationship (关系) with my parents lasted for all my high school years. My parents thought that it was ____26____ the hours we spent together on the golf course, we became closer. It was clear to find ____27____ is important in life when I walked around the golf course and looking up at the beautiful blue sky. My mom and I discussed my ____28____ about golf in the middle of the match. We ____29____ the future of our family. We shared such things as we would ____30____ do at home, where she is Mom and I am an annoying (烦人的) boy. On the golf course ____31____ golf. Golfing becomes a part of my ____32____. In summer, I’m always on the golf course. There is ____33____ I love more than a perfect autumn morning, riding around in a golf cart (球车) with my dad. Golf makes me into the man I am today. Thanks to my mom ____34____ that golf team. She was ____35____ as usual. 21. A. stopped B. agreed C. came D. won 22. A. golf B. tennis C. volleyball D. basketball 23. A. before B. after C. when D. until 24. A. classmates B. friends C. parents D. coaches 25 A. funny B. close C. poor D. hard 26. A. as for B. because of C. such as D. according to 27. A. what B. why C. who D. where 28. A. questions B. answers C. problems D. secrets 29. A. looked up B. put up C. talked about D. worried about 30. A. always B. usually C. sometimes D. never 31. A. collected B. learned C. loved D. knew 32. A. team B. life C. job D. story 33. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 34. A. miss B. join C. train D. leave 35. A. clever B. kind C. friendly D. right 四、语篇填空 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、完整。每空仅限一词，每词限用一次。 fail pass where good call it up unlucky test be In Chinese, the phrase daomei is often used to describe (描述) bad luck. ____36____ did daomei come from? It is said that daomei comes from the dialect (方言) of the Zhejiang region during the Ming Dynasty. ____37____ has something to do with Chinese imperial examinations (科举考试). At the time, there ____38____ no entrance exams (入学考试) for colleges and universities like today. If someone wanted to become a civil servant (文职官员), that person would need to ____39____ the imperial examinations. The imperial examinations had several ____40____ at different levels (水平). Through the highest-level tests, called dianshi, the ____41____ candidates (应试者) were selected (挑选) by the emperor. The imperial examinations were hard. During the Ming Dynasty, candidates in the Zhejiang region would put ____42____ a flagpole (旗杆) in front of their gate, wishing themselves good luck in the tests. Local people ____43____ the flagpole mei at the time. If someone passed the tests, the flagpole would be kept up. If they ____44____, the flagpole would be removed, which was called daomei, meaning “the flagpole falls”. As time passed, daomei came to not only refer to (指代) failing a test, but also refer to being ____45____ in general. The Chinese character for mei was also changed from “楣” to today’s “雷”, since the two have the same pronunciation. 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Interesting things happen everywhere. A young couple went shopping. At the checkout counter, the cashier (收银员) told them they needed to pay “two hundred and fifty”. The husband ____46____ like the number and asked his wife to pick something else. The wife went back to the mall. She was very happy because she liked buying things. It was a good chance for her ____47____ buy some clothes she liked. A few minutes later, the wife came back with a lot of things. Although they bought more than they needed, it ____48____ a good thing to avoid (避免) the number. The husband asked ____49____ a delightful voice, “How much is it this time?” The cashier scanned the goods, checked the screen, ____50____ said, “Sir, you got two ‘two hundred and fifty’ this time” 五、补全对话(5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 Lucy: Mark, did you do anything special last weekend? Mark: Not really. I just stayed at home. ____51____? Lucy: I went to the forest to look for insects. Mark: Wow, sounds great. ____52____? Lucy: Because our teacher asked us to write something about insects for homework. Mark: ____53____? Lucy: I went there with my classmate. Mark: How did you go there? Lucy: ____54____. Mark: It must be a wonderful bus ride, right? Lucy: Yes, we had fun along the way, but the trip was terrible. At first, everything was fine. ____55____. Mark: Poor you. You must be very cold after getting wet. 六、书面表达(共20分) 56. 朋友是我们一辈子的财富。多交益友，如同持宝。未来你想和怎样的人交朋友呢？请结合以下要点和提示，以The Person I Want to Make Friends with为题写一篇短文，谈谈你的想法吧。 写作提示： 1. What kind of person do you want to make friends with? 2. What personal qualities (个人品质) do you hope she/he should have? And why? (可参考以上给出的图示，至少论述两个品质) 写作要求： 1.文中须包含以上写作提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥; 2.文中不得出现真实姓名和班级名称; 3.词数100左右 (文中已给出内容不计入总词数)。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $