选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（课后提能案）-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学用word（人教版）

UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·赣州考前模拟）These four people from around the world prove that， together， we can reshape the future of our planet. Diane Wilson 　　In December 2019， Diane Wilson won a landmark case against Formosa Plastics， one of the world’s largest plastic companies， for getting rid of poisonous plastic waste illegally on Texas’ Gulf Coast.The $50 million settlement is the largest award in a citizen suit against an industrial polluter in the history of the US Clean Water Act.As a part of the settlement， Formosa Plastics agreed to stop throwing away plastic waste and fund remediation （补救） of affected local wetlands， beaches， and waterways. Delima Silalahi 　　Delima Silalahi led a campaign to secure legal control of 17，824 acres of tropical （热带的） forest land for six indigenous communities in North Sumatra， Indonesia.Her community’s activism reclaimed this territory from a pulp （纸浆） and paper company.The six communities have begun restoring the forests， creating valuable carbon sinks of biodiverse Indonesian tropical forests. Tero Mustonen 　　Since April 2018， Tero Mustonen has led the restoration of 62 severely destroyed former industrial peat （泥炭） mining and forestry sites throughout Finland — totaling 86，000 acres — and transformed them into productive， biodiverse wetlands and habitats.Rich in organic matter， peatlands are highly effective carbon sinks.Roughly one-third of Finland’s surface area is made up of peatlands. Alessandra Korap Munduruku 　　Alessandra Korap Munduruku organised community efforts to stop mining development by British mining company Anglo American in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest.In May 2021， the company formally committed itself to withdrawing 27 approved research applications to mine inside indigenous territories， including the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Territory， which contains more than 400，000 acres of rainforest.The decision protects a critically threatened area of the Amazon from further mining and deforestation. 1.Who filed a suit against a company？（　　） A.Diane Wilson.　　 B.Tero Mustonen. C.Delima Silalahi.　 D.Alessandra Korap Munduruku. 2.Which of the following was Tero Mustonen devoted to？（　　） A.Promoting the industrial peat mining. B.Repairing the damage done to peatlands. C.Restoring biodiverse wetlands and habitats. D.Controlling the development of carbon stores. 3.What can we infer about the people mentioned in the text？（　　） A.They are highly creative. B.They are very considerate. C.They are human rights activists. D.They are environmental defenders. B 　　（2025·山东六校联考）Nikola Tesla was a brilliant genius whose inventions enabled modern-day power and mass communication systems.His former boss， Thomas Edison， was the iconic American inventor of the light bulb， the phonograph and the moving picture. 　　The two geniuses were in a “War of Currents” in the 1880s over whose electrical system would power the world — Tesla’s alternating-current （AC） system or Edison’s rival direct-current （DC） electric power.Among scientists， few debates get more heated than the ones that compare Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison.So， who was the better inventor？ 　　“They’re different inventors， but you can’t really say one is greater， because American society needs some Edisons and it needs some Teslas，” said W.Bernard Carlson， the author of “Tesla： Inventor of the Electrical Age”. 　　Though the light bulb， the phonograph and moving pictures are regarded as Edison’s most important inventions， other people were already working on similar technologies， said Leonard DeGraaf， an archivist at Thomas Edison National Historical Park in New Jersey.“If Edison hadn’t invented those things， other people would have，” DeGraaf told Live Science. 　　In a shortsighted move， Edison dismissed Tesla’s “impractical” idea of an alternating-current （AC） system of electric power transmission， instead promoting his simpler， but less efficient， direct-current （DC） system. 　　By contrast， Tesla’s ideas were often more disruptive （颠覆性的） technologies that didn’t have a built-in market demand.And his alternating-current motor and hydroelectric plant at Niagara Falls — a first-of-its-kind power plant — truly electrified the world in the end. 　　Tesla also spent years working on a system designed to wirelessly transmit voices， images and moving pictures — making him a futurist， and the true father of radio， telephone， cell phones and television. 　　In the end， Edison held 1，093 patents and Tesla won less than 300 worldwide.Edison’s legacy isn’t a specific patent or technology， but his invention factories， which divided the innovation process into small tasks that were carried out by many workers， DeGraaf said.For instance， Edison got the idea for a moving picture camera， or kinetoscope from a talk by photographer Edward Muybridge， but then left most of the experimentation to his assistant William Dickson and others. 4.What can we learn about Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison？（　　） A.They used to be colleagues. B.They were on friendly terms. C.There was competition between them. D.There were no similarities between them. 5.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Thomas Edison in Paragraph 5？（　　） A.Negative.　　　　B.Skeptical. C.Confused.　　　　D.Favourable. 6.Compared with Thomas Edison， Nikola Tesla 　　　　.（　　） A.was more influential B.obtained more patents C.was less innovative indeed D.was less successful financially 7.What can we infer about Thomas Edison from the last paragraph？（　　） A.He was strict with others. B.He was very independent. C.He was good at teamwork. D.He was ready to help others. C 　　（2025·日照模拟）This year， it was harder than ever to get into Harvard University.The prestigious college announced their lowest acceptance rate ever， welcoming only 1，968 of 57，435 first-year applicants into their hallowed halls.Thanks to Abigail Mack’s moving， insightful essay， she will be one of the lucky students to matriculate this fall. 　　The Massachusetts high school senior used TikTok to share a part of the essay that made her one of the 4 percent of applicants who made the cut.Her paper focused on an unusual theme： the letter “S”. 　　“I hate the letter ‘S’，” she read aloud on TikTok.“Of the 164，777 words with ‘S’， I only struggle with one.To condemn an entire letter because of its use 0.0006 percent of the time sounds statistically absurd， but that one case changed 100 percent of my life.I used to have two parents， but now I have one， and the ‘S’ in ‘parents’ isn’t going anywhere.” 　　“‘S’ follows me，” she continued.“I can’t get through a day without being reminded that while my friends went out to dinner with their parents， I ate with my parent.As I write this essay， there is a blue line under the word ‘parent’ telling me to check my grammar； even Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions.” 　　She went on to explain that she fled that dreaded letter by throwing herself into school activities.She joined clubs， sports， and performed in theatrical productions， all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom.Eventually， she realized she was hiding from her pain and decided to face it head-on.She took over the “S” for her own purposes.Now， instead of thinking about the “S” in parents， she concentrates on the double “S” in passion. 　　Abigail’s essay earned her a spot at several top colleges and she has officially been accepted into the class of 2025 in Harvard.In the meantime， her essay has gone viral with over 16 million views！ 8.What did the letter “S” mean to Abigail Mack？（　　） A.A terrible failure.　　 B.A special challenge. C.An unfortunate fact.　　 D.A painful experience. 9.What can we infer from Paragraphs 4 and 5 about Abigail Mack？（　　） A.She isn’t good at typing. B.She has poor grammar. C.Her father has got cancer. D.Her mother has passed away. 10.How did Abigail Mack deal with her situation？（　　） A.By writing some essays. B.By reading some books. C.By engaging in various activities. D.By taking part in competitions. 11.What would be the best title for the text？（　　） A.Teen’s Special Feeling for the Letter “S” B.Teen’s Essay Won Great Popularity Online C.Teen’s Secret to Achieve Academic Success D.Teen Got Admitted to Harvard for Her Essay Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（外刊原创·CNN网站）Olympians have trained their entire lives to reach their goal of standing on the winner’s podium.Not only do Olympic athletes tone （使强健） their bodies into near perfection； they hone their minds as well.12.（　　）， you need to keep the following in mind： 　　View stress as positive 　　Many Olympians view stress as a challenge instead of something they should fear.“We call it a stress mindset， or your worldview of stress.Top athletes have learned to view pressure as a challenge， either by trial and error or by working on mental training，” said sports psychologist Dan Gould.13.（　　）. 　　Learn to bounce back 　　Many of the most mentally tough athletes have a history of overcoming adversity in their past.14.（　　）.“It’s really hard to build resilience unless you’ve been challenged，” Gould said.“Anyone can get overwhelmed.Resilience is the piece of us that allows us to get up every time we’re knocked down.” 　　15.（　　） 　　There is no room for self-denial in the minds of Olympic athletes， according to Gould.“They have to believe they’re capable of performing well or they have already given the competition the advantage，” he said.“They have to go into the event with complete confidence.” 　　Regulate your emotions 　　Emotional regulation is as important as physical or mental preparation.“All of us have a set of emotions we feel are important for us to perform our best： I’m confident， but not overconfident.16.（　　）.Maybe I’m a little fearful， but it’s not overwhelming，” Gould said. A.Get rid of self-doubt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.Be the best version of yourself C.I’m anxious， but it’s a good anxiety D.He has studied Olympians for decades E.It can be a hardship， illness or even a loved one dying F.When you are facing one of the most important events in your life G.If you want to think like an Olympian and develop a winner’s brain 3 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位为保护地球环境做出贡献的杰出人士。 1.A　细节理解题。根据Diane Wilson部分中In December 2019， Diane Wilson won a landmark case against Formosa Plastics， one of the world’s largest plastic companies， for getting rid of poisonous plastic waste illegally on Texas’ Gulf Coast.可知，黛安·威尔逊起诉了一家公司。 2.B　细节理解题。根据Tero Mustonen部分中Since April 2018， Tero Mustonen has led the restoration of 62 severely destroyed former industrial peat （泥炭） mining and forestry sites throughout Finland — totaling 86，000 acres — and transformed them into productive， biodiverse wetlands and habitats.可知，Tero Mustonen致力于修复被严重破坏的前工业泥炭采矿和林业场所。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第一段以及下文可知，他们为了保护地球环境做出了杰出的贡献。由此可推知，他们是环境保护卫士。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。爱迪生与特斯拉都是影响世界的伟大科学家，他们之间有何恩怨和区别呢？ 4.C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，19世纪80年代，爱迪生与特斯拉之间有一场 “电流之争”，他们就直流电和交流电的未来市场展开激烈的辩论和竞争。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，作者认为，在这场“电流之争”中，爱迪生表现出极其短视，而特斯拉的技术却真正改变了世界。 6.D　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，跟爱迪生的发明相比，特斯拉的发明更具有颠覆性，但是在当时却没有很大的市场。也就是说特斯拉在商业上不是很成功。 7.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，爱迪生善于将重大的任务进行分解，并且将很多工作安排给周围的人去做。由此可推知，他非常善于团队合作。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Abigail Mack是美国马萨诸塞州的一名高中生，她凭着一篇感人的文章被哈佛大学录取了。 8.C　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，由于Abigail Mack缺少父母当中的一位，所以别人写parents时，她要写单数的parent。由此可推知，标志复数的字母“S”让她想到自己单亲这个不幸的事实。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Grammarly assumes that I should have parents， but cancer doesn’t listen to edit suggestions和第五段中的all in an effort to dull the pain of losing her mom可知，Abigail Mack的母亲因为癌症离世了。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，为了逃避可怕的字母“S”，Abigail Mack全身心地投入学校的各种活动中。她参加俱乐部、体育运动，并在戏剧作品中表演等，所有这些都是为了减轻失去母亲的痛苦。 11.D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国高中生Abigail Mack因一篇文章在网上引起轰动并被哈佛大学录取的故事。因此，D项为文章最佳标题。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。奥运选手不但身体强健，而且意志坚定。如果我们想成功，就必须学习他们的思维模式和优秀品质。 12.G　由于下文列举了一些奥运选手所具备的思维方式和优秀品质，故G项符合语境。 13.D　上文首次提到运动心理学家Dan Gould，D项是对他的补充介绍，符合语境。 14.E　上句指出：许多精神上最坚强的运动员在过去都有战胜逆境的历史。E项中的a hardship， illness or even a loved one dying正好是对上文提到“逆境”的举例说明。 15.A　本段主要介绍了奥运选手所具备的另一条优秀品质——一直保持自信，不去自我否定。A项正好可以概括本段主旨。 16.C　上文出现了I’m confident， but not overconfident，下文出现了I’m a little fearful， but it’s not overwhelming，C项正好是同类句式，跟它们形成并列，且都属于情感调节领域内容。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $