选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION（课后提能案）-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学用word（人教版）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·郑州质量预测）Robots doing housework is nothing new with the latest achievements in robotics.Recently， a robot called Mobile ALOHA caught the attention of many at the beginning of 2024， with short videos of it cooking at someone’s home becoming popular in January. 　　Developed by a team of researchers at Stanford University in the US， the robot can handle everything for a dish， whether it is cutting vegetables or cracking eggs.It also does well in various household tasks like watering plants， petting cats， cleaning the floor and doing the washing.It even knows to shake the pillow （枕头） after putting on a pillowcase.An Internet user joked under one video that as long as this thing doesn’t try to kill him while he is asleep， he is in real need of it. 　　However， a following video posted by one of the researchers， Tony Zhao， and showing Mobile ALOHA’s failures proved that the idea of having a robot servant may just be wishful thinking.In the video， Mobile ALOHA randomly broke glasses and plates， crashed into cupboards and even burned a pot. 　　It turns out that Mobile ALOHA is not a complete self-learning system that can independently deal with new environments.It relies on demonstrations by human operators in its surroundings， meaning that the robot needs to learn from human behavior before completing each task.Also， according to the team， the robot achieves a 95% success rate in removing red wine stains （污渍）， 80% in pushing chairs， and a mere 40% in frying shrimp.In short， it’s far from perfect. 　　The behavioral problems of AI robots have been bothering scientists for decades.Although AI robots do pretty well in things requiring high-level reasoning like math， they perform worse than a one-year-old child when it comes to simple tasks demanding abilities of senses， reflexes （本能反应） and mobility， among others. 　　As the team observed， the interaction between the arm and the base of Mobile ALOHA would get quite complex if more flexibility is required in a task.Even a slight deviation （偏差） in the base settings might lead to significant drift in the arms’ motions， resulting in failure to complete the task. 1.What can we learn about Mobile ALOHA according to Paragraph 2？（　　） A.It sells well among housewives. B.It can help one to do housework. C.It was developed by IT scientists. D.It is badly needed by Internet users. 2.Why is Tony Zhao’s video about Mobile ALOHA mentioned？（　　） A.To prove its online popularity. B.To display its powerful functions. C.To show it needs further improvement. D.To suggest it should work under one’s help. 3.How can Mobile ALOHA best complete a new task？（　　） A.By operating independently. B.By imitating humans’ behavior. C.By learning from previous tasks. D.By turning to programmers for help. 4.Which type of task may AI robots be poor at？（　　） A.Deep learning. B.Precise calculation. C.Logical thinking. D.Behavioral flexibility. B 　　（2025·广州冲刺训练）Human history is full of horse stories like guiding cowboys home on foggy nights and taking wounded soldiers through battle zones.Such sensible and highly trained horses made Elina Jatel， a computer scientist and roboticist， think of robots.“A horse that can take a rider home on its own would be the highest level of autonomy，” Jatel says.“You trust them with your life.” She was drawn to learning how such relationships form and if it could help improve human-robot interactions. 　　For a year， Jatel engaged herself in the horse world.She watched classes in horse training， and she also talked with students， instructors， trainers and horse owners.Along the way， Jatel even learned to ride. 　　Horses learn signals from their trainers on how to comfortably interact with people.People， too， must learn their part.Riders must learn what a horse wants or how it feels based on its behavior， and what signals to use to direct horses to perform in desired ways.Jatel found some similarities， here， to working with robots.People must learn how to direct robots to do specific tasks.They must also learn what to do when robots don’t perform as planned.The goal is to program robots that will respond predictably to inputs from people.But like horses， autonomous robots also should be able to respond on their own as conditions change.For example， a self-driving car must stop to avoid hitting something， even if some human mistakenly tells it to keep going. 　　Trainers and riders work with horses to build respect.Horses show that respect by matching their pace to a human or giving someone who is leading them a safe degree of personal space.Trainers begin their work with a horse by getting them to show signs of respect in basic interactions， Jatel says.Later， trainers will develop more complex interactions.Gradually， a horse’s respect can grow into trust. 　　But that trust is not given.And there may be a similar limitation with robots.What would it mean for robots and people to respect and trust each other？For now， she adds， this is largely uncharted territory.But she’s looking to build a path. 5.What drew Elina Jatel’s attention to horses？（　　） A.Horses’ amazing performance. B.Long history of horse training. C.Horse-human interdependence. D.Her horse-riding experience. 6.What are the robots of the highest autonomy designed to do？（　　） A.To act like real horses. B.To show respect for humans. C.To follow instructions from humans. D.To make independent and sensible decisions. 7.What will Jatel’s future research most probably focus on？（　　） A.The limitations of robots. B.Trust between robots and humans. C.The path toward higher robot efficiency. D.Similarities between horses and robots. 8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A.History of Human-Horse Relationship B.Secrets of Human-Animal Interactions C.The Role of Trust in Human-Robot Partnerships D.Horses as the Inspiration for Autonomous Robots Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·福建适应性练习）Ryan’s class at Tully Elementary School was planning a hike at Falls of the Ohio State Park.But since the site isn’t wheelchair 　9　， her mother， Shelly， tried to find a way to make sure she could 　10　. 　　Ryan had missed out on a similar class trip last year as a third grader.When Shelly 　11　 the upcoming class field trip， she 　12　 began to think about making a plan B.“I was preparing for an ‘alternate field trip day’，” she 　13　 on the “Team Ryan” online page， 　14　 for her 10-year-old daughter， diagnosed with spina bifida （脊柱裂） as a baby. 　　That is， until Jim， a teacher at the school， 　15　 to carry Ryan around on his back all day.This way she could 　16　 explore the fossil （化石） beds with the rest of her 　17　.He used a special backpack to carry the 55-pound girl on his back across the park — and the previously 　18　 Ryan became extremely excited. 　　The 　19　 meant so much to Ryan and her family that Shelly wanted to get the 　20　 out.Since she posted on the web photos of Jim and Ryan on the field trip， they have been 　21　 thousands of times. 　　“We are so 　22　 to have a whole school that never makes her feel left out，” said Shelly.“These beautiful people should be known to the world， to educate and 　23　 others.” 9.（　）A.involved　　　　 B.present　　　 C.preferable　 D.accessible 10.（　）A.reserve B.witness C.approach D.participate 11.（　）A.checked out B.learned about C.put off D.turned down 12.（　）A.casually B.proudly C.instantly D.accidentally 13.（　）A.wrote B.commented C.responded D.argued 14.（　）A.deleted B.created C.downloaded D.revealed 15.（　）A.offered B.agreed C.hesitated D.attempted 16.（　）A.calmly B.secretly C.extensively D.temporarily 17.（　）A.family B.followers C.class D.teachers 18.（　）A.nervous B.ashamed C.troublesome D.heartbroken 19.（　）A.plan B.decision C.mission D.act 20.（　）A.signal B.message C.anxiety D.intention 21.（　）A.shared B.submitted C.taken D.confirmed 22.（　）A.lucky B.eager C.willing D.desperate 23.（　）A.recommend B.inspire C.honor D.understand Ⅲ.语法填空 　　With an admission letter from Tsinghua University in bag， Yang Yun， 24.　　　　　　 has been a postman for 21 years， was overjoyed to deliver it to 25.　　　　　　 recipient （接收者） in Tongliang district of Chongqing — his daughter. 　　“Congratulations to my daughter！ Here is your admission letter from Tsinghua University. Please sign for it！” Yang Yun said， 26.　　　　　　 （hand） Tongliang district’s first admission letter from Tsinghua University this year to his daughter Yang Yu on 27 July. 　　Among the countless mail that Yang Yun delivered， the delivery of this admission letter was the 27.　　　　　　 （happy） moment in his postman career. 　　28.　　　　　　 （raise） in a common family in a small town， Yang Yu overcame challenges and worked diligently to become a new undergraduate in one of the top universities in China. 　　When her family moved to a county， Yang Yu could not catch up with the new classmates initially， 29.　　　　　　 her parents encouraged her to study hard and make progress naturally. With her perseverance and support from family， Yang Yu gradually gained better 30.　　　　　　 （result） at school. 　　In her last year in senior high school， the upcoming national college entrance examination， or gaokao， 31.　　　　　　 （increase） the pressure on her studies. However， with her teachers’ encouragement and her family’s company， the pressure didn’t defeat her. Yang Yu worked so hard that she improved 32.　　　　　　 （her） bit by bit and finally achieved her dream. 　　Yang Yu is looking forward to experiencing the charm of sciences overlapping with arts， broadening her horizons and finding her 33.　　　　　　　　 （academy） study direction in college life. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近一个名为Mobile ALOHA的机器人在2024年年初引起了许多人的注意，它在某人家里做饭的短视频在1月很受欢迎。文章对这款人工智能机器人进行了详细介绍。 1.B　根据第二段中的the robot can handle everything for a dish ...It also does well in various household tasks ...doing the washing可知，机器人Mobile ALOHA能够处理切菜、打蛋、给植物浇水、抚摸猫、清洁地板、洗衣服等家务。 2.C　根据第三段中的However，a following video posted by one of the researchers，Tony Zhao ...wishful thinking.可知，Tony Zhao发布的视频展示了Mobile ALOHA的失败，这说明这个机器人还存在不足，需要进一步改进。 3.B　根据第四段中的It turns out that Mobile ALOHA is not a complete self-learning system ...the robot needs to learn from human behavior before completing each task.可知，Mobile ALOHA并不是一个能够独立应对新环境的完整的自学系统，它依赖于人类操作员在其周围的演示，这意味着Mobile ALOHA在完成每项任务前需要从人类的行为中学习。由此可知，Mobile ALOHA通过模仿人类行为来完成新任务。 4.D　根据第五段中的they perform worse than a one-year-old child when it comes to simple tasks demanding abilities of senses，reflexes （本能反应） and mobility among others.可知，当涉及需要感官、本能反应和移动等能力的简单任务时，人工智能机器人的表现不如一岁的孩子。再结合最后一段中的the interaction between the arm and the base of Mobile ALOHA would get quite complex if more flexibility is required in a task.可知，如果一项任务需要更大的灵活性，Mobile ALOHA的手臂和底座之间的相互作用将变得非常复杂。由此可推知，人工智能机器人可能在行为的灵活性方面表现不佳。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。机器人专家埃琳娜·贾特尔从马与人的关系中获得研发自主机器人的灵感。文章主要介绍了其灵感来源以及未来的重点研究方向。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Such sensible and highly trained horses made Elina Jatel，a computer scientist and roboticist，think of robots ...She was drawn to learning how such relationships form and if it could help improve human-robot interactions.可知，这些有判断力且训练有素的马让计算机科学家和机器人专家埃琳娜·贾特尔想到了机器人。一匹可以独自带骑手回家的马将是最高级别的自主，你可以把生命托付给它们，她很想了解这种关系是如何形成的，以及它是否有助于改善人机互动。由此可知，马的惊人表现吸引了埃琳娜·贾特尔对马的注意。 6.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的The goal is to program robots that will respond predictably to inputs from people.But like horses，autonomous robots also should be able to respond on their own as conditions change.可知，其目标是编程机器人，使其能够对人类的输入做出可预测的反应。但像马一样，自主机器人也应该能够在条件变化时自行做出反应。下文关于自动驾驶汽车的例子也说明了这一点。由此可推知，最高自主的机器人被设计做出独立而明智的决定。 7.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的What would it mean for robots and people to respect and trust each other？For now，she adds，this is largely uncharted territory.But she’s looking to build a path.可知，机器人和人类相互尊重和信任意味着什么？她认为目前这在很大程度上是一个未知领域，她想要开辟一条道路。由此可知，贾特尔未来的研究重点是机器人和人类之间的信任。 8.D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，机器人专家从马与人类的关系中得到研发自主机器人的灵感，接下来重点介绍了其灵感来源以及未来的研究重点等。因此，D项（马作为自主机器人的灵感来源）最适合作为文章标题。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。女孩Ryan因为患有脊柱裂无法参与学校组织的户外徒步活动，但在Jim老师的帮助下，Ryan能够和其他同学一起尽情探索公园。 9.D　根据第二段的her 10-year-old daughter， diagnosed with spina bifida （脊柱裂） as a baby可知，Ryan因病坐着轮椅从而不能进入公园。 10.D　根据下文可知，母亲Shelly在想办法让女儿能够参与到公园的徒步旅行活动中。 11.B　根据上下文可知，女儿已经错过了一次类似的旅行，因此母亲Shelly一得知又有机会了便开始想办法。 12.C　参见上题解析。 13.A　根据上文的I was preparing for an “alternate field trip day”可知，引号内的内容是母亲Shelly以第一人称的口吻写出来的。 14.B　根据语境可知，是母亲Shelly需要为女儿创建一个网页才能发布求助信息。 15.A　根据上文可知，母亲Shelly为女儿创建了一个网页发布求助信息之后，有人主动提出帮助。 16.C　根据上文的to carry Ryan around on his back all day可知，Jim老师主动提出将Ryan整天背在背上参加徒步旅行，因此Ryan能够广泛地参与探索活动。 17.C　根据上文的the upcoming class field trip可知，Ryan参加的是和同学一起进行的班级实地考察。 18.D　根据上文可知，Ryan以前不能参与班级实地考察，她会感到非常伤心。 19.D　根据上文可知，Jim老师主动提出将Ryan整天背在背上参加徒步旅行，实现了Ryan的梦想，因此这一举动意义非凡。 20.B　根据下文的she posted on the web photos of Jim and Ryan on the field trip可知，母亲Shelly将Jim老师背着Ryan参加徒步旅行的照片发布在网上，也就是将这一消息传播出去，以表示感激之情。 21.A　根据常识可知，Jim老师的事迹会让很多人感动，人们会转发分享这样温馨感人的故事。 22.A　根据本句中的have a whole school that never makes her feel left out可知，整个学校都没有让她感到被冷落，因此她们是幸运的。 23.B　根据上文可知，在Jim老师和学校的帮助下，Ryan实现了梦想，Shelly希望善良的人们能为处于困境中的人带去激励，感受生活的美好。 Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。杨云是重庆铜梁一位从业21年的邮递员，2024年他最幸福的事是将一封清华大学录取通知书放入邮差包，送到自己女儿的手里。 24.who　考查定语从句。关系代词who引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Yang Yun。 25.the　考查冠词。这里特指下文提到的his daughter这个接收者，因此用定冠词the。 26.handing　考查非谓语动词。此处hand这一动作由逻辑主语Yang Yun发出，表主动概念，因此用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。 27.happiest　考查形容词的最高级。本空前有定冠词the，再结合语境可知，这里应用形容词的最高级。 28.Raised　考查非谓语动词。这里动词raise与其逻辑主语Yang Yu之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。 29.but　考查连词。本空前后两个分句之间是转折关系，因此用并列连词but。 30.results　考查名词复数。名词result在表示“成绩”时，应用复数形式。 31.increased　考查时态。本句时间状语为In her last year in senior high school，因此这里应用一般过去时。 32.herself　考查代词。这里表示“自我提升”，因此用反身代词herself。 33.academic　考查词形转换。本空后面是名词study，因此这里应用形容词作其定语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $