选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION（课后提能案）-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学用word（人教版）

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·青岛模拟）Scientists say the drying Great Salt Lake in Utah is now becoming a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the climate to warm， according to a new study. 　　The Great Salt Lake has shrunk by almost half in recent years.“Human-caused desiccation of Great Salt Lake is exposing huge areas of lake bed and releasing massive quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere，” said Soren Brothers， the museum’s climate change curator. 　　The researchers found that the drying lake bed emitted 4.1 million tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere， which would translate to a 7% increase in Utah’s human-caused emissions.According to scientists， 4 million tons of CO2 is roughly equal to the total annual emissions of 140 commercial planes. 　　Scientists say the West is as dry as it’s been in 1，200 years.The prolonged drought has been made worse by climate change.Agriculture has also played a huge role in the lake’s decline.Upstream water diversions （改道） for expanding farms and dairies have resulted in less flows into the lake.Utah’s rapid population growth has also been to blame. 　　The loss of water has serious impacts on the lives of animals and people.Researchers in Utah have begun to detect sharp declines in shorebird populations as a result of brine shrimp dying out.Dust storms and air pollution， born out of a dried up lake bed， is also a major concern for Utah residents.That’s worrisome for the majority of Utah’s 3.3 million population who live near the lake. 　　The Great Salt Lake’s levels have rebounded （回升） slightly in recent years due to the last two snowy winters.Utah Gov.Spencer Cox promised to prevent the lake from drying up on his watch.“For generations the lake was seen as kind of this dead thing that just happens to be there and will always be there，” Cox told NPR in April.“And now that people are realizing there’s a potential that it might not always be here， that’s gotten people’s attention in a positive way.” 1.What message does the author try to convey by mentioning commercial planes in Paragraph 3？（　　） A.Much CO2 has been emitted by the drying lake bed. B.The Great Salt Lake has shrunk rapidly in recent years. C.The Great Salt Lake is exposing huge areas of lake bed. D.People in Utah have produced lots of greenhouse gases. 2.What’s the purpose of the fourth paragraph？（　　） A.To explain some reasons. B.To provide some evidence. C.To appeal for some actions. D.To predict some consequences. 3.What serves as a positive reminder according to Spencer Cox？（　　） A.The lake will always be there. B.The lake is likely to disappear. C.The lake has stopped shrinking. D.The lake’s levels have rebounded. 4.What would be the most suitable title for the text？（　　） A.What Makes the Great Salt Lake Dry Up B.How the Great Salt Lake Loses Its Water C.The Drying Great Salt Lake Causes Climate Change D.The Drying Great Salt Lake Affects Utah People’s Lives B 　　（外刊原创·NPR网站）Across northern Australia， a great number of freshwater crocodiles are dying， with some populations down by 70%.That’s because the animals are eating a kind of super-poisonous toad （蟾蜍） that humans brought to the continent decades ago. 　　Georgia Ward-Fear， a conservation scientist at Macquarie University in Sydney， has witnessed the death of the crocodiles firsthand. 　　The loss of so many crocodiles is a problem because they sit atop the food web.“When they decline，” Ward-Fear says， “we see a surge in midlevel predators （食肉动物）， which can negatively influence birds’ ability to nest.And so cane toads do really cause ecological damage here in Australia.” 　　When about a hundred cane toads were first brought from Hawaii to Australia in 1935， people had high hopes that the toads would feast on the beetles damaging the local sugarcane crop.But the toads were a total failure.“They didn’t control the beetles，” says Ward-Fear.“Instead， they started spreading across Australia and a whole range of animals started dying — including lizards， snakes， and lots of freshwater crocodiles.” 　　A crocodile’s first encounter with a toad is always deadly， so the animal has no chance of learning.But Ward-Fear and her colleagues wondered whether there might be a way to warn the crocodiles somehow. 　　To teach the crocodiles， the team members needed bait （诱饵）.But they couldn’t use a full cane toad loaded up with poison.“So we cut off the top half of their body，” says Ward-Fear， “but we’ve taken the most poisonous parts off.We injected something that makes the crocodiles feel sick.It’s essentially food poisoning.” 　　In a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B， Ward-Fear and her colleagues report that they’ve managed to reduce crocodile death rates by as much as 95% — by feeding the animals dead cane toads that have been changed to cause food poisoning.The crocodiles came to associate the toads with a temporarily unpleasant feeling， making them less willing to eat a deadly toad in the future. 5.What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A.Loss. B.Increase. C.Reduction. D.Appearance. 6.Why were the cane toads first brought to Australia in 1935？（　　） A.To get rid of lizards and snakes. B.To eat the local sugarcane crop. C.To protect freshwater crocodiles. D.To reduce the number of beetles. 7.What’s the purpose of the bait used by the team members？（　　） A.To conduct an experiment. B.To teach cane toads a lesson. C.To give crocodiles a warning. D.To kill cane toads with poison. 8.What can we learn about the measure taken by Ward-Fear and her colleagues？（　　） A.It’s extremely effective. B.It’s not practical indeed. C.It’s very difficult to carry out. D.It leads to an undesirable result. C 　　（2024·九省联考）Parrots are prey animals， which means that other predators in the wild， such as hawks or snakes， are looking to make them into a meal.This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other. 　　Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground.Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.The most common predators of parrots include hawks， snakes， cats， monkeys， and bats.Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night. 　　As prey animals， parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively （本能地） react to risks.Their first choice is to take flight.However， if this is not possible， they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. 　　Because their biggest enemy is the hawk， parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.For this reason， it is wise to avoid quick， sudden movements near your bird.This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.For example， a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose （吸尘器软管） may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind. 　　As prey animals， parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers.It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability.Variety in diet and toys， travel， and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change. 9.What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild？（　　） A.Living in a group. B.Growing beautiful feathers. C.Feeding on the ground. D.Avoiding coming out at night. 10.What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk？（　　） A.To attack back.　　　　 B.To get away. C.To protect the young.　　　　 D.To play dead. 11.Why would a balloon frighten a parrot？（　　） A.It may explode suddenly. B.It may be in a strange shape. C.It may have a strong color. D.It may move around quickly. 12.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text？（　　） A.To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B.To give advice on raising a parrot. C.To call for action to protect animals. D.To introduce a study on bird ecology. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Panic attacks cause a sudden intense fear when no danger is present or there is no identifiable trigger.This fear activates the body’s emergency system， causing the physical fight or flight reactions.13.（　　） 　　Learn to be flexible. 　　If you are sitting on the couch watching TV and you start to feel a panic attack， don’t continue to sit there and think about it.Get up and do something else！ Leave your desk and apply some cold water to your face.Call a friend.Or just leave the house to get some fresh air.14.（　　） 　　Work out. 　　When feeling panic， it can be effective to match the intensity of the anxiety with physical exercise.Just go outside， walk energetically around the block， or walk up and down the stairs until the feeling passes.Gentle exercise is less effective while intense exercise can make it difficult to think about anything else.15.（　　） People tend to tense their muscles when having anxiety and panic. 　　Breathe properly. 　　16.（　　） Naturally， people may breathe deeper and then make the situation worse.So do it slowly through your nose by pushing your abdomen （腹部） out for 5－7 seconds.Hold your breath for a few seconds and then breathe it out through your mouth slowly. 　　17.（　　） 　　Pick something objective and study it deeply.Then describe every detail of it.When you finish one item， move on to describe other items.For example： What is the leaf like？ Does it have smooth edges？ What is its color？ Are some new leaves coming out？ This exercise can help bring you back to the moment and away from focusing on physical sensations. A.Shift your focus. B.Enhance muscle building. C.Incorrect breathing can lead to shortness of breath. D.Physical exercise can also help your muscles relax. E.If not controlled， they can be terrifying and life-changing. F.So use these tools to measure it when a panic attack starts. G.In a word， don’t remain in the same environment whenever possible. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。根据一项新的研究，美国犹他州日益干涸的大盐湖正在成为导致气候变暖的全球温室气体排放的一个重要因素。 1.A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，按照科学家的说法，400万吨二氧化碳大致相当于140架商用飞机的年总排放量。显然这里作者用这个比喻是想说明干涸的美国大盐湖湖床所排放的二氧化碳之多。 2.A　写作意图题。根据第四段可知，本段作者主要列举了造成美国西部干旱的几个主要原因，它们分别是：气候变化、农业用水、人口增长等。 3.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Spencer Cox认为，几代人以来，这个湖被人们视为一种理所当然的永恒存在。现在人们意识到它可能并不总是在这里，这以一种积极的方式引起了人们的注意。他所表达的意思其实就是危机意识让人们懂得珍惜。 4.C　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，犹他州的大盐湖正在日益走向干涸，同时，干涸的湖床排放出大量的温室气体并导致气候变暖。因此，C项最适合作文章标题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在澳大利亚北部，大量的淡水鳄鱼正在死亡，一些鳄鱼的数量减少了70%。这是因为这些动物正在吃一种剧毒的蟾蜍，这种蟾蜍是人类几十年前带到这片大陆的。 5.B　词义猜测题。上句提到的When they decline指淡水鳄鱼大量死亡这一事实；根据常识可知，当居于食物链顶端的鳄鱼大量死亡，那么居于食物链中段的食肉动物就会“增加”。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的When about a hundred cane toads were first brought from Hawaii to Australia in 1935， people had high hopes that the toads would feast on the beetles damaging the local sugarcane crop.可知，1935年，当大约100只甘蔗蟾蜍第一次从夏威夷带到澳大利亚时，人们希望它们能消灭破坏当地甘蔗作物的甲虫。 7.C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的But Ward-Fear and her colleagues wondered whether there might be a way to warn the crocodiles somehow.以及第六段中的To teach the crocodiles， the team members needed bait （诱饵）.可知，研究人员使用甘蔗蟾蜍为诱饵的目的是警告鳄鱼不要再吃甘蔗蟾蜍。 8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Ward-Fear and her colleagues report that they’ve managed to reduce crocodile death rates by as much as 95%可知，Ward-Fear和她的同事们报告说，他们已经成功地将鳄鱼的死亡率降低了95%。由此可推知，他们所采取的措施非常有效。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。 9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，加入一个群体可以在一定程度上确保它们的安全和提高它们在被捕食者攻击时的生存机会。 10.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是飞走，也就是逃跑。 11.D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和最后一句中a balloon may represent a hawk可知，由于鹦鹉最大的敌人是鹰，因此，它对来自上方和后方的快速移动反应较大；在鹦鹉眼里，家里的气球可能代表了鹰。由此推知，气球之所以会吓到鹦鹉是因为气球会迅速四处移动。 12.B　写作意图题。文章前三段介绍了鹦鹉在野外容易受到攻击，对快速移动的事物反应强烈，群居的话会比较安全；第四段讲到由于野外生存养成的条件反射，鹦鹉会对家里的一些事物反应激烈；最后一段讲到家养鹦鹉时要注意让其从小就接触安全体验和变化以便更灵活地适应环境。总之，整篇文章都是为了引出家养鹦鹉时应该如何让鹦鹉更适应变化、更具灵活性。因此，作者写本文的目的是给读者提供居家饲养鹦鹉的建议和注意事项。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了应对恐慌发作的方法：保持灵活性以转移注意力、进行体力锻炼减轻焦虑、正确呼吸避免呼吸急促、转移焦点至外界事物以恢复当下的感知，帮助控制恐慌发作并缓解其影响。 13.E　上文This fear activates the body’s emergency system， causing the physical fight or flight reactions.说明恐惧会激活身体的应急系统，从而导致生理上的战斗或逃跑反应。空处总结上文，说明这样会产生的后果。E项承接上文，说明如果恐慌发作所造成的应激反应得不到控制，可能会带来危害；E项中的代词they指代上文中的physical fight or flight reactions。 14.G　上文说明在感到恐慌时应采取行动，比如离开沙发去做其他事情、洗脸、给朋友打电话或出门透气。设空处总结上文，说明要灵活地面对各种带给我们恐惧的环境。故G项符合语境。 15.D　上文Just go outside， walk energetically around the block， or walk up and down the stairs until the feeling passes.Gentle exercise is less effective while intense exercise can make it difficult to think about anything else.说明运动能够缓解恐惧。D项承上启下，D项中的Physical exercise和主题句Work out.相呼应，help your muscles relax和下文中的tend to tense their muscles相呼应，说明体育锻炼也可以帮助你的肌肉放松，因为当人们感到焦虑和恐慌时，往往会使肌肉紧张。 16.C　下文Naturally， people may breathe deeper and then make the situation worse.说明人们可能出现不正确的呼吸方式。C项是对不正确呼吸后果的说明，与接下来的呼吸指导相契合。 17.A　设空处为小标题；根据下文Pick something objective and study it deeply.Then describe every detail of it.When you finish one item， move on to describe other items.以及This exercise can help bring you back to the moment and away from focusing on physical sensations.可知，本段建议转移注意力，可以选择一个客观物体进行深入观察并描述细节，完成一个项目后，继续描述其他项目，以此来引导思维远离身体感受。故A项符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $