板块一 第一讲 构词法-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学用word(人教版)

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语法大课堂部分 板块一 语法奠基课 第一讲 构词法 【巩固·必备知识】 即时演练1 ①richness ②functional ③tasty ④rarely ⑤arrival; confident 即时演练2 ①n.数据集 ②adj.像温室一样的 ③v.自行修复 ④adj.即将到来的 即时演练3 ①adj.可靠的 ②vt.监控,监测 ③adj.被释放的,使自由的 ④v.发布 ⑤v.(使)蜿蜒前进 【培育·学科素养】 Ⅰ.1.comparison 2.enthusiasm 3.arrival 4.basically 5.steamed Ⅱ.1.合成法(名词+形容词) 无引诱物的 2.派生法 有相互关系的 3.合成法(形容词+名词) 野生动物 4.派生法 不完美 5.派生法 相互作用 Ⅲ.1.(1)n.毕业生 (2)v.毕业 2.(1)n.洪水 (2)v.淹没 3.(1)vt.克服 (2)vt.受到……的极大影响 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第一讲 构词法   按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫作构词法。英语构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Compounding)、转化法(Conversion)等。 一、派生法   派生法指在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意义相近或相反的单词。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意思,不改变词性;除少数后缀外,后缀一般改变单词的词性,并不引起词义的变化。 前缀 表示否定或相反意义的前缀 dis-, mis-, un-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, anti- disagree, misunderstand, unwilling, illegal, impossible, independent, irrelevant, non-stop, antivirus 形容词变动词的前缀 en- able→enable, large→enlarge, rich→enrich 其他 inter-(相互), over-(超过), ex-(以前的), re-(重新), super-(超), vice-(副) interaction, overweight, ex-husband, reuse, supernatural, vice-chairman 后缀 形容词加-ly变成副词 -ly real→really 动词或名词变形容词的后缀 -able, -ful, -ous, -y, -al, -ible, -ive, -ary reason→reasonable, nature→natural, use→useful, wind→windy, secret→secretary, continue→continuous, act→active, access→accessible 动词变名词的后缀 -al, -ance, -ence, -tion, -ssion, -ment, -ture, -y arrive→arrival, appear→appearance, exist→existence, invite→invitation 形容词变名词的后缀 -cy, -dom, -ence, -th, -age, -ty, -ity fluent→fluency, wise→wisdom, silent→silence, warm→warmth, short→shortage, safe→safety, equal→equality 表示人的后缀 -er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ess, -ese, -an, -ian, -ant teacher, inventor, artist, employee, actress, Chinese, American, musician, servant 表示否定的后缀 -less hopeless, endless, fearless, careless, treeless, meaningless 形容词变动词的后缀 -en, -fy broad→broaden, simple→simplify 名词变动词的后缀 -ize apology→apologize  单句语法填空 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the       (rich) of gardening in England. ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective       (function) structure that is also beautiful. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot,       (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is       (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time. ⑤(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the       (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and       (confidence) speaking English. 二、合成法   由两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词合成的词叫作合成词,这种构词法称为合成法。最常见的合成词有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词等。词与词之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。 分类 方法 举例 合成名词 名词+名词 sportsman男运动员     lifeboat救生船      bookmark 书签 wheelchair 轮椅guidebook 指南,手册 名词+动词-ing handwriting 书法sightseeing观光 名词+动词+-er painkiller 止痛药storyteller 讲故事的人lawmaker立法者 动词+名词 typewriter 打字机postmark 邮戳pushcart 手推车 workshop 研讨会,车间 形容词+名词 gentleman 绅士greenhouse 温室 名词+动词 handshake 握手sunset 日落 介词+名词 afternoon 下午by-product 副产品 副词+动词 income 收入output 产量,输出 动词+副词 cleanup 打扫closedown 停业checkup 检查 get-together 聚会      breakthrough 突破     tryout 选拔赛 合成形容词 名词+形容词 lifelong 终身的,毕生的    snow-white 雪白的 名词+动词-ing English-speaking 讲英语的peace-loving 爱好和平的 heartbreaking 令人心碎的   breathtaking 激动人心的 名词+动词-ed fun-filled 充满乐趣的man-made 人造的    heartbroken 悲伤的 custom-made 订制的 续表 合成形容词 形容词+动词-ing good-looking 相貌好看的   easy-going 性格随和的 形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted 热心肠的white-colored 白色的 形容词+动词-ed new-born 新生的electric-powered 电动的 white-painted 漆成白色的   ill-cooked 厨艺差劲的 副词+动词-ed well-educated 受过良好教育的newly-made 新建的     well-known 著名的 副词+动词-ing hard-working 勤劳的 介词+名词/动词-ing indoor 室内的        underlying 隐含的;潜在的 数词+名词+-ed one-eyed独眼的three-storeyed三层的 数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的two-foot-deep两英尺深的 动词-ed+副词 built-in内置的;嵌入式的 合成动词 形容词+动词 ill-treat虐待         whitewash刷石灰水 副/介词+动词 overcome 战胜overthrow 推翻 合成副词 形容词+名词 hotfoot 匆忙地        anyway 无论如何 形容词+副词 everywhere 到处somehow 不知怎么地 副词+副词 however 无论如何whole-heartedly 全心全意地 介词+副词 forever 永远 介词+名词 beforehand 预先downstairs 在楼下 合成介词 副词+名词 inside 在……里        outside 在……外 介词+副词 throughout 遍及within 在……之内 副词+介词 into 到……里upon 在……之上 合成代词 代词宾格+-self herself 她自己        himself 他自己 物主代词+-self myself 我自己yourself 你自己 形容词+名词 anything 任何东西everything 一切东西  写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.         ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.        ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.         ④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).         三、转化法   在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而不加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转化法。转化法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。 1.许多名词可转化为动词,其意思也随之改变 cook n.厨师→v.烹调 picture n.画→v.描绘 name n.名字→v.取名 stand n.看台→v.站 2.形容词转化为动词 calm adj.平静的→v.使平静 spare adj.空闲的→v.节省 own adj.自己的→v.拥有 last adj.最后的→v.持续 3.形容词转化为副词 hard adj.困难的→adv.努力地 well adj.健康的→adv.很好地  写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.         ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.         ③(2023·全国乙卷)She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.         ④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.         ⑤(2023·1月浙江卷)With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train?         Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2025·龙岩月考)Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hours sitting in her office in Hunchun, Jilin Province to make a       (compare) of hundreds of photos of Siberian tigers on the computer. 2.(2025·齐鲁名校联考)Born in 1986, Gui’s       (enthusiastic) for science has been developing since childhood. 3.(2025·湖南雅礼中学月考) Before the       (arrive) of the New Year, people in Xizang engage in thorough cleaning of their homes and surroundings. 4.(2025·龙岩月考)“It seems a little boring, but       (basic) I enjoy the work, which makes a connection between me and the big cats,” said the 36-year-old monitor from the search monitoring center of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. 5.(2025·湖南雅礼中学月考)Traditional dishes such as momos, a type of     (steam) dumpling filled with meat or vegetables, and butter tea, made from yak butter and tea leaves, are served. Ⅱ.写出下列句子中加黑词的构词法及含义 1.(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits. 构词法:       含义:       2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 构词法:       含义:       3.(2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 构词法:       含义:       4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. 构词法:       含义:       5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution. 构词法:       含义:       Ⅲ.写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义 1.(1)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him.         (2)(人教必修一)I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate.         2.(1)(人教必修二)In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area.        (2)(人教选必一)This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.        3.(1)(人教选必一)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.         (2)Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize, he locked himself in his room.         5 / 5 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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