重难点01 攻克动词的时态和语态（重难专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点01 攻克动词的时态和语态 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方 向与高考高频难点是 动词的时态和语态 ，梳理近3年高考该题型的重难考点分布（如202 5 年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空占比1 3 %） 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态 2. 考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦5种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦5种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示 （5年9考） 2025全国I卷—are revealed; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has established; 2022北京卷—has been; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2021北京卷—has increased; 2022浙江1月卷—has promised; 2021全国甲卷—was built。 1.重点考查掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的时间状语标志。 2.间或考查固定句型中的时态和语态，如It is the first time that…等。 3.考查主从复合句时态照应问题。 4.考查充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态。 5.考查含有情态动词的被动语态用法。 6.考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力。 考点2考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示（5年2考） 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2022北京卷-caught; 考点3考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应 （5年7考） 2024新课标II卷—were； 2024新课标II卷—was built 2024全国甲卷—were; 2023新课标II卷—wished; 2023全国乙卷--was amazed; 2023北京卷—threw; 2023北京卷—had arrived 考点4考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态 （5年8考） 2024新课标I卷—walks; 2022浙江卷—noticed; 2022北京卷—has; 2022新课标I卷—is designed; 2021新课标II卷—was; 2021全国甲卷—hired; 2021浙江1月卷—is considered; 2021浙江卷—was painted;。 考点5考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法（5年4考） 2024全国甲卷—should be done; 2024浙江1月卷—could be offered; 2023全国甲卷—can be employed; 2022浙江卷—can be appreciated。 考点一：考查动词时态、语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。 1. (2025年全国高考英语I卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 答案：are revealed 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句中空处用于直接引语中，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 与一般现在时连用的典型时间状语 1. 表示频率的副词：说明动作发生的频繁程度，通常放在实义动词之前，或be动词、助动词之后。always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never ...... 2. 表示“每隔一段时间”的短语：通常放在句首或句末。every day / week / month / year, once a day / week / month, twice a day / week / month, on Mondays / weekends, in the morning(s)/ afternoon(s)/ evening(s) ...... 3. 与“习惯”相关的表达：这些固定搭配，常用于描述个人习惯。as a rule, I tend to... 来表达习惯。 2. (2024年全国高考英语II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspired) by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 与一般过去时连用的典型时间状语 1. yesterday类---yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning / afternoon / evening…… 2. last类---last Friday, last week, last month, last summer, last year…… 3. ago类---a moment ago, ten minutes ago, five hours ago, two weeks ago, three years ago, a long time ago…… 4. 固定短语类---the other day, just now…… 5. in+过去时间---in 1976, in 2016, in the 19th century…… 6. on +具体某天: on Monday, on May 1st, on that day, on the morning of June 10th 7. at +具体钟点: at 5 o‘clock, at noon, at that time 3.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，而且主语是复数形式，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 与现在完成时连用的典型标志 1.副词类---before, already, just, never, ever, yet, lately, recently…… 2.短语类---how long ......, since+过去时间点, for+一段时间…… 3.短语类：in the past five days, over the last few years, during the 21st century, all my life… 4. “迄今为止”短语类---so far, up to now, until / till now, to date 5.句型类---It / This is the first time that…; It / This the best / worst / most +名词+that… 考点二：考查动词时态、语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示。 4.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was / were doing…when…”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实，应该用过去进行时。故填was fixing。 与when有关的高频句型 1. was / were doing…when…某人正在做某事这时…… 2. was about to do...when…某人正要做某事这时…… 3. was on the point of doing...when…某人正要做某事这时…… 4. had done…when…某人刚刚做了某事这时…… 5. hardly…when…刚一……就…… 5.（2021年6月浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 【解析】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 与and有关的两个高频句型 1. A and B （并列名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、谓语动词……） 2. A, B and C （并列谓语动词、动名词…） 考点三：考查动词时态、语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。 5.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways (to) Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本空时态应该用一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数名词。故填were。 6.（2024全国甲卷）They ___________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 答案：were 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 考点四：考查动词时态、语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。 7. （2025年全国高考I卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 答案：are revealed 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 8.（2022年6月浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice) her smile right away. ” I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 9.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 考点五：考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 10.（2024全国甲卷）What should __________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 答案：be done 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 11.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 （建议用时：20分钟） 【类型一：动词时态和主谓一致】 1. （原创）So far, the government _________ (take) several measures to address the issue, and the result _________ (be) encouraging. 【答案】has taken；is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，政府已采取多项措施来解决这个问题，且成效令人鼓舞。第一空由So far可知用现在完成时，主语the government为单数，故填 has taken。第二空主语the result为单数，且描述当前状态需用一般现在时，故填 is。 2.（2025年全国I卷）Over the past several months, the company ____________ (conduct) a deeper study. 【答案】has conducted 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：在过去几个月里，该公司进行了更深入的研究。根据时间状语Over the past several months可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语the company为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has conducted。 3. As we know, China’s Belt and Road Initiative ____________ (motivate) more countries to cooperate more closely so far. 【答案】has motivated 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我们知道，到目前为止，中国的“一带一路”倡议已经激励了更多的国家进行更密切的合作。句子有so far作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是China’s Belt and Road Initiative，谓语用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has motivated。 4.（原创）The writer, along with all the editors, ________ (work) from home on Fridays according to the new policy. 【答案】works 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：按照新政策，作者和所有编辑在星期五都在家工作。主语是单数名词The writer，其后的along with all the editors是修饰成分，不影响主语的单复数。“根据新的政策”，这是一个习惯性、规律性的动作，故用一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词填 works。 5.（原创）The number of students participating in the contest ________ (increase) rapidly this semester. 【答案】is increasing 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：这学期参加比赛的学生人数正在迅速增加。本题The number of ...作主语。主语是The number（数量），它是一个单数概念，而非其后的students。句末的this semester表明动作是当前阶段正在持续发生的，因此用现在进行时。单数主语The number对应的现在进行时谓语动词为 is increasing。 【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】 6.（原创）I ________ (plan) to go for a run yesterday afternoon, but it ________ (rain) the whole day, so I decided to stay in. 【答案】had planned; rained / was raining 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本来计划昨天下午去跑步的，但整天在下雨，因此我决定待在家里。“计划”这个想法发生在“决定待在家里”这个过去动作之前，是“过去的过去”，第一个空用过去完成时。此外，plan, hope, expect等动词的过去完成时常用来表示“原本计划/希望做但未实现的事情”。第二个空：rained / was raining。这里一般过去时或过去进行时均可，但侧重点不同。rained强调“下了一整天雨”这个客观事实；was raining则强调雨“持续下了一整天”的过程性，作为“我”决定待在家里的背景。 7.（原创）By the time he ________ (graduate) from college, he ________ (master) three foreign languages, which impressed all the interviewers. 【答案】graduated; had mastered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到他大学毕业时，他已经掌握了三门外语，这给所有的采访者留下了很深印象。时间状语从句“By the time he graduated...”提供了一个过去的截止时间点，从句本身用一般过去时。主句动作“掌握三门语言”是在这个毕业时间点之前完成的，即“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。这是“by the time”引导过去时间句式的典型用法。 8.（原创）She ________ (constantly look) for her keys when she remembered that she ________ (leave) them in the car the previous night. 【答案】was constantly looking; had left 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她一直在寻找自己的钥匙，这时她回忆起来，前一天晚上留在车里了。第一个空用过去进行时，并与constantly连用，生动地描绘出“她当时正在不停地找钥匙”这一持续且带有情绪（不耐烦）的场景。动词remembered是过去的心理活动，其宾语从句“她把钥匙落在车里”这个动作，发生在“记起”之前，因此需要用过去完成时。the previous night也明确指示了这是一个更早的时间。 9.（原创）The scientist announced that his team ________ (make) a major breakthrough in their research, which ________ (change) the future of medicine. 【答案】had made; would change 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：那位科学家宣布他的团队在研究中取得了重大突破，这将改变医学的未来。主句The scientist announced是过去时，宾语从句中的“取得突破”发生在“宣布”这个动作之前，研究突破是先完成，然后才能宣布。因此用过去完成时had made。这个非限制性定语从句描述的是“取得突破”这一过去事件对未来（当时看来）的影响。从“宣布”那个时间点看，“改变未来”是将要发生的事，所以用过去将来时would change。 10.（原创）He promised he ________ (call) me as soon as he ________ (arrive) at the hotel, but he never did. 【答案】would call; arrived 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他承诺一到酒店就给我打电话，但他从未打过。主句“He promised”是过去时，其宾语从句“他会给我打电话”是相对于“承诺”那一刻的将来动作，故用过去将来时would call。在时间状语从句as soon as he arrived at the hotel中，尽管主句用了过去将来时，但从句需要用一般过去时来表示将来意义。这是“主将从现”原则在过去时态中的对应应用，可称为“主过将从过”，即主句用过去将来时，时间/条件状语从句用一般过去时arrived。 【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】 11.（原创）This time next week, I _________ (lie) on a beach in Thailand, enjoying the sunshine. 【答案】will be lying 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：下周这个时候，我正躺在泰国的一个海滩上，享受着阳光。时间状语This time next week明确指出了将来一个具体的时刻，并描述在那个时刻正在进行的情景，因此用will be doing的结构。 12.（原创）I’m sure it’s going to rain, so I __________ (take) my umbrella with me when I go out. 【答案】will take 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：我确定会下雨，所以我出门时要带一把伞。这里表示根据现有情况it’s going to rain（天要下雨）做出的一个即时决定或打算，因此用will do的结构。 13.（原创）Don’t call me between 8 and 10 pm tonight, as I ___________ (watch) my favorite TV series then. 【答案】will be watching 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：今晚8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，因为那时我正在看我最喜欢的电视剧。这里有一个将来特定的时间段（between 8 and 10 pm tonight），并强调在该时间段内将持续进行的动作，因此用will be doing的结构。 14. He _____________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year. 【答案】will have learned/will have learnt 【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年大学毕业时，他已经学了八年英语了。空处为主句谓语动词，根据by the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知，主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动作，应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。 15. It is reported that by the end of this year, the import of seafood _____________ (drop) by about 10%. 【答案】will have dropped 【详解】考查时态。句意：据报道，到今年年底，海产品进口将下降10%左右。空处作从句的谓语，结合时间状语by the end of this year可知，此处描述截止到将来的时间点前完成的行为，应用将来完成时，因此空处应用will have done的形式。故填will have dropped。 【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】 16. When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may ___________ (fool) into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. 【答案】be fooled 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：当点击危险网站或软件的链接时，您可能会被愚弄，提供密码、用户名或财务详细信息等个人信息。may后接动词原形。主语you和动词fool之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填be fooled。 17.（原创）It was the first time that the patient __________ (inform) about the risks of the surgery so clearly. 【答案】had been informed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是病人第一次如此清楚地被告知手术的风险。主句It was the first time是过去时，表示“被告知”这个动作发生在这“第一次”之前，因此用过去完成时；又因为主语“病人”是“被通知”，所以用被动语态 had been informed。 【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】 18. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ___________ (hold). 【答案】to hold 【详解】考查动词不定式作状语。句意：厚度和重量与先前版本的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable后用不定式作原因状语，且不定式与逻辑主语the iPad是动宾关系，需用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。故填to hold。 19. It was only after he had read the papers that Mr Gross realized that the task was extremely difficult _____________ (finish). 【答案】to finish 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：直到读过这些文件后，格罗斯先生才意识到这项任务极其难以完成。此处为固定结构“主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + to do”，该结构中不定式的动作与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，但使用主动形式表被动意义，此处finish与主语the task间为动宾关系，所以使用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。故填to finish。 20.（原创）The homemade cookie ___________ (taste) much better than the store-bought ones. 【答案】tastes 【详解】考查系动词用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自制的饼干尝起来比商店买的好吃多了。本句只是在描述饼干本身的品质，而不是强调“被品尝”这个动作。主语The homemade cookie是单数第三人称，因此系动词 taste 需要加上 -s，变为 tastes。故填tastes。 （建议用时：20分钟） 【类型一：动词时态和主谓一致】 1.（原创）If he __________ (not get) enough sleep tonight, he will be very tired during the exam tomorrow. 【答案】doesn’t get 【详解】考查时态。句意： 如果他今晚睡眠不足，明天的考试他会很累。此处为让步状语从句的谓语动词，根据“主将从现”原则，主句谓语动词为一将来时态，让步状语从句的谓语动词应为一般现在时表将来，从句主语为he，所以此处为doesn’t get。故填doesn’t get。 2.（2025年全国I卷）It is the second time in a row that Suzhou __________ (top) the ranking. 【答案】has topped 【详解】考查动词时态和固定句型。句意：这是苏州连续第二次荣登榜首。观察句子可知，这是固定句型：It’s+序数词+time+that+从句，从句中要用现在完成时，主语Suzhou为单数形式，助动词用has。故填has topped。 3. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于这些原因，他们被誉为“海岸卫士”。到目前为止，中国已经建立了许多红树林保护区。由Up to now意为“到目前为止”，谓语动词establish应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 4. The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, ____________ (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. 【答案】has grown 【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：这个海港位于长江口，自1842年开放以来，占地面积已扩大到1.5平方英里。根据since it was opened in 1842可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语seaport为第三人称单数。故填has grown。 5.（原创）The final term ___________ (start) on September 1st, which means we have only two weeks of summer vacation left. 【答案】starts 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：本学期将于9月1日开始，这意味着我们只剩下两周暑假了。根据means以及句意可知，空处表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事情，应用一般现在时。主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填starts。 【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】 6.（原创）He told me that he __________ (prepare) for the upcoming exam all day yesterday. 【答案】was preparing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他告诉我，他昨天一整天都在为即将到来的考试做准备。分析句子可知，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，根据句中all day yesterday可知，从句表示过去某一时间一直在发生的事，应用过去进行时，主语是单数，be动词使用was。故填was checking。 7. The big fire ___________ (break) out on the morning of April 25, 2005, when most of the villagers ___________ (sleep) soundly then. 【答案】broke, were sleeping 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：大火发生在2005年4月25日早上，当时大多数村民都在熟睡。分析句子可知，该句第一空由April 25 , 2005时间状语可知，应为动词的一般过去时。该句第二空由then可知，此处应表示过去正在进行的事情，为过去进行时，主语most of the villagers为复数名词，所以为动词的复数形式。故分别填broke；were sleeping。 8.（原创）She announced that the new library __________ (open) to students in the following week. 【答案】would open 【详解】考查时态。句意： 她宣布新图书馆将在接下来的一周向学生们开放。根据主句谓语announced和从句时间状语in the following week可知，从句动词open应用过去将来时，表示从过去的角度看将要发生的事情。故填would open。 9.（原创）It was the second time that week that the internet ____________ (break) down unexpectedly. 【答案】had broken 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是那个周第二次网络意外崩溃了。在“It / That was the first / second / third…time that…”句型中，that引导的从句要用过去完成时。故填had broken。 10. By Aug 19, Haihua Island _____________ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 【答案】had received 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：截至8月19日，海花岛在暑假期间接待了超过100万游客。根据上文By Aug 19可知，是by+过去时间点，此处表示“过去的过去”，谓语动词receive应用过去完成时。故填had received。 【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】 11. It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it _____________ (take) to get there. 【答案】would take 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道到那里需要多长时间。根据句意，主句是过去时态，宾语从句也应使用过去的某种时态，结合语境用过去将来时态would+动词原形，故填would take。 12.（原创）She assured me yesterday that she ____________ (help) me with the project, but so far she hasn’t lifted a finger. 【答案】would help 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她昨天还向我保证她会帮我做这个项目，但到目前为止她什么忙都没帮。assured后面为that的宾语从句，缺少谓语动词，结合assured和but she hasn’t lifted a finger可知，表示相对于过去将要发生的动作，此处使用过去将来时。故填would come。 13. I ____________ (intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我本打算去机场送你，但正当我准备出发时，来了一个意外的访客。结合句意可知，此处考查had intended/ planned/ expected…“本打算/计划/期待”，它们是特殊的虚拟语气，表示没有按计划/安排等完成任务，故填had intended。 14.（原创）Believe it or not, it is the first time that his profound advice ____________ (fail) to guide me through a dilemma. 【答案】has failed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第四次在网上连续购物数小时了。在“It / That is the first / second / third…time that…”句型中，that引导的从句要用现在完成时。主语 his profound advice 是不可数名词，视为单数。has failed 强调“他的建议”从过去到现在一直有效，但“这是第一次”失效，突出了对现在造成的意外结果。故填had failed。 15. After visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she _____________ (eat) in China ever. 【答案】had eaten 【详解】考查时态。句意：在逛了许多高级餐馆之后，她说这碗面条是她在中国吃过的最好吃的东西。“吃”这个动作发生在declared之前，表示“过去的过去”，因此空格处时态是过去完成时，故填had eaten。 【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】 16.（原创）In the past few decades, great strides ____________ (make) in the field of artificial intelligence. 【答案】have been made 【详解】考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，在人工智能领域取得了巨大的进步。时间状语In the past few decades（在过去的几十年里）是贯穿至今的一段时间，需用现在完成时。主语great strides（巨大的进步）与动词make构成被动关系（进步“被”取得），且主语是复数，故用现在完成时的被动语态 have been made。 17. It’s true that inner beauty is important, but external beauty shouldn’t _____________ (overlook). 【答案】be overlooked 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：诚然，内在美很重要，但外在美不应该被忽视。动词overlook和主语external beauty是动宾关系，要用被动语态结构，空格前面是情态动词shouldn’t，后面用动词原形。故填be overlooked。 18. It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which _____________ (locate) in the center of the city. 【答案】is located 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：人们更方便到达坐落在市中心的上海博物馆。定语从句陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。关系词替代先行词，Shanghai Museum是先行词，关系词which在后面的定语从句中作主语，和locate之间是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且be动词用is。be located in...意为“坐落在……”。故答案为is located。 【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】 19. Mrs. Lee wants that kind of cloth because she has been told that it _____________ (wash) very well. 【答案】washes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：李太太想要那种布，因为有人告诉她那种布很耐洗。空前的it指代前面的that kind of cloth，由very well可知，此处表示“那种布很耐洗”，描述的是主语内在的性质、性能，应用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，且主语it是第三人称单数，因此wash应用单数形式。故填washes。 20.（原创）The newly discovered dinosaur bone ___________ (measure) over two meters in length, suggesting it belonged to a colossal creature. 【答案】measures 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：新发现的恐龙骨骼长度超过两米，这表明它属于一个巨大的生物。主语The newly discovered dinosaur bone为第三人称单数形式，且该句是陈述一般事实，因此需使用一般现在时，measure“测量”，用主动表被动，故填measures。 （建议用时：15分钟） 一、阅读理解 It’s a familiar scene: You assure your parents you’ll leave for school in “just five minutes”, or confidently plan to memorize 50 words in an hour. Yet reality hits. You’re ten minutes late, breathless at the classroom’s front door. And of the fifty words? You managed barely twenty. So why do we keep misjudging time so badly? You’re not alone, and you’re not simply bad at planning. Most of us suffer from what is called the planning fallacy (谬误), a concept introduced by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. It describes how we consistently underestimate the time to complete a task, often accompanied by a failure to account for effort and risk, even if it contradicts our experiences. This happens because people tend to imagine the ideal situation and omit real-world challenges. Imagine trying to finish a math worksheet before evening study session. You picture yourself focused and finishing it in thirty minutes. But reality is different. You get stuck on a tough problem, look for your textbook, and check your phone “just once”, and suddenly an hour has passed. Before you know it, you’re rushing to complete the work, feeling stressed, and worried about how others will perceive your delay. So, what can you do? First, instead of thinking about the task, use data. Ask: how long did similar tasks take last time — not just the writing, but the thinking, searching, revising? Second, break big goals into small, more predictable steps and estimate the duration of each one. It’s easier to estimate “answer the first three multiple-choice questions” than “finish biology homework”. Third, don’t just add a fixed number to your estimate; adjust by percentages because larger tasks scale differently. A 10-minute task might need 5 extra minutes while a 2-hour task might need 30. The next time you catch yourself thinking “this will just take a few minutes”, pause for a moment and remind yourself of the planning fallacy. The goal is, however, not to become pessimistic about your capabilities, but to become realistic about the complexities of the real world. Your future self will thank you. 1. What phenomenon does the planning fallacy mainly describe? A. Anxiety over future plans. B. Frequent mistakes in daily life. C. Misjudgment about task duration. D. Failure to reflect on past experiences. 2. What does the underlined word “omit” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Meet. B. Accept. C. Handle. D. Ignore. 3. Which of the following is a solution to the planning fallacy? A. Dividing a project into smaller parts. B. Doing more research before acting. C. Adding at least five more minutes to a task. D. Following the same time estimate as before. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. How Perfectionism Fools Us. B. Closing the Planning Gap. C. Why Realism Is So Important. D. Breaking the Deadline Cycle. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“计划谬误”——人们往往会低估自己完成任务所需的时间。通过描述典型现象、心理原因以及三条实用建议，作者帮助读者改善时间管理，强调“现实规划”胜过“乐观假设”。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of us suffer from what is called the planning fallacy（谬误）... It describes how we consistently underestimate the time to complete a task, often accompanied by a failure to account for effort and risk, even if it contradicts our experiences.(我们大多数人都受到所谓“规划谬误”的影响……它指的是我们总是低估完成一项任务所需的时间，往往还会忽略所需的努力和潜在风险，即便这与我们的过往经验相悖。)”可知，规划谬误主要描述的是人们对任务所需时长的误判（低估）。故选C项。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“This happens because people tend to imagine the ideal situation and omit real-world challenges. Imagine trying to finish a math worksheet... You picture yourself focused... But reality is different. You get stuck on a tough problem, look for your textbook, and check your phone...(这种情况发生是因为人们倾向于想象理想状态，而omit现实中的挑战。想象一下你试图完成数学练习卷……你设想自己专注做题……但现实却不同：你被难题困住、找课本、忍不住看手机……)”可知，“理想状态”与“现实挑战”是对比关系，人们只想到理想情况，却没考虑到现实中的问题，因此“omit”意为“忽略、忽视”。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“So, what can you do? First... Second, break big goals into small, more predictable steps and estimate the duration of each one. It’s easier to estimate ‘answer the first three multiple-choice questions’ than ‘finish biology homework’.(那么，我们能做些什么呢？首先……其次，将大目标分解成更小、更易预估时长的步骤，并估算每个步骤的时间。估算‘完成前三道选择题’的时间，比估算‘完成生物作业’要容易得多。)”可知，“将项目拆分成更小部分”是解决规划谬误的方法之一。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章探讨了“计划谬误”——人们往往会低估自己完成任务所需的时间。通过描述典型现象、心理原因以及三条实用建议，作者帮助读者改善时间管理，强调“现实规划”胜过“乐观假设”。核心是“帮助人们缩小规划与现实的差距”。所以B选项“弥合规划缺口”为最佳标题。故选B项。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mount Tai, a towering peak in Shandong province, China, is renowned for its steep landscape with over 7,000 steps. Climbing this mountain is challenging, especially for 1 elderly and people with mobility issues. However, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, 2 (weigh) only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs, offering assistance 3 (ease) the burden on legs at the same time. Developed by Taishan Cultural Tourism Group and Kenqing Technology, the exoskeletons debuted during the Spring Festival, attracting over 200 users. Users 4 (report) feeling like someone was pulling them uphill, making the climb much easier. However, some users mentioned 5 (convenience) in using the device for activities like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom. Despite these issues, the exoskeletons are seen 6 a “true blessing” for senior citizens and the mobility-impaired. This innovation not only aids mountain climbing 7 also highlights potential applications in elderly care, a growing market in China, 8 the population of seniors is rapidly increasing. The smart elderly care market was estimated at 6.8 trillion yuan in 2024. Kenqing Technology, the co-developer, is eyeing this vast market now and has launched an exoskeleton 9 (specific) designed for elderly users. To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots, industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger policy support is needed to scale up their production while keeping prices 10 (afford) for all. 【答案】1. the 2. weighing 3. to ease 4. reported 5. inconvenience 6. as 7. but 8. where 9. specifically 10. affordable 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AI外骨骼机器人如何帮助人们更轻松地攀登泰山，并探讨了其在老年护理领域的潜力。 1. the【解析】考查冠词。句意：攀登这座山极具挑战性，尤其是对老年人和行动不便的人来说。“the+形容词”表示一类人，the elderly表示“老年人”。故填the。 2. weighing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人腿的重量只有1.8公斤，设计包裹在使用者的腰部和大腿上，同时提供帮助以减轻腿部的负担。空处在句中为非谓语，robotic legs与weigh (重量是……)之间是逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填weighing。 3. to ease【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ease。 4. reported【解析】考查动词时态。句意：用户们报告说，感觉就像有人在拉他们上山，这让爬山容易多了。句子描述过去发生的动作，谓语动词report应用一般过去时，故填reported。 5. inconvenience【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，一些用户提到在使用该设备进行系鞋带或上厕所等活动时存在不便。空处应用名词作宾语，上文说到机器人的好处，后面用however转折，句中应表示“不便”inconvenience，为不可数名词。故填inconvenience。 6. as【解析】考查介词。句意：尽管存在这些问题，外骨骼仍被视为老年人和行动不便者的“真正福音”。be seen as“被视为……”为固定短语。故填as。 7. but【解析】考查连词。句意：这项创新不仅有助于登山，而且突出了在老年人护理方面的潜在应用，这是中国一个不断增长的市场，中国的老年人人口正在迅速增加。not only…but also…是固定搭配，表示“不仅……而且……”，在句中连接并列谓语aids和highlights。故填but。 8. where【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词China，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 9. specifically【解析】考查副词。句意：联合开发者Kenqing Technology正瞄准这个巨大的市场，并推出了一款专门为老年用户设计的外骨骼。空处修饰动词designed应用副词作状语，specific的副词是specifically，表示“专门地”。故填specifically。 10. affordable【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了充分释放老年护理机器人的潜力，业内人士告诉新华社，需要更强有力的政策支持，以扩大其生产规模，同时保持价格让所有人都能负担得起。keep+宾语+形容词（作宾补），表示“使……保持某种状态”，空处应用形容词affordable“支付得起的”，作宾语补足语。故填affordable。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点01 攻克动词的时态和语态 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专项核心考查方 向与高考高频难点是 动词的时态和语态 ，梳理近3年高考该题型的重难考点分布（如202 5 年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空占比1 3 %） 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态 2. 考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 聚焦5种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦5种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025） 命题趋势 考点1考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示 （5年9考） 2025全国I卷—are revealed; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has established; 2022北京卷—has been; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2021北京卷—has increased; 2022浙江1月卷—has promised; 2021全国甲卷—was built。 1.重点考查掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的时间状语标志。 2.间或考查固定句型中的时态和语态，如It is the first time that…等。 3.考查主从复合句时态照应问题。 4.考查充分利用前后句和上下句语篇逻辑关系判断动词时态语态。 5.考查含有情态动词的被动语态用法。 6.考查运用关键词和特定语境综合判断动词时态语态能力。 考点2考查动词时态语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示（5年2考） 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2022北京卷-caught; 考点3考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应 （5年7考） 2024新课标II卷—were； 2024新课标II卷—was built 2024全国甲卷—were; 2023新课标II卷—wished; 2023全国乙卷--was amazed; 2023北京卷—threw; 2023北京卷—had arrived 考点4考查动词时态语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态 （5年8考） 2024新课标I卷—walks; 2022浙江卷—noticed; 2022北京卷—has; 2022新课标I卷—is designed; 2021新课标II卷—was; 2021全国甲卷—hired; 2021浙江1月卷—is considered; 2021浙江卷—was painted;。 考点5考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法（5年4考） 2024全国甲卷—should be done; 2024浙江1月卷—could be offered; 2023全国甲卷—can be employed; 2022浙江卷—can be appreciated。 考点一：考查动词时态、语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。 1. (2025年全国高考英语I卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 答案：are revealed 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句中空处用于直接引语中，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 与一般现在时连用的典型时间状语 1. 表示频率的副词：说明动作发生的频繁程度，通常放在实义动词之前，或be动词、助动词之后。always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never ...... 2. 表示“每隔一段时间”的短语：通常放在句首或句末。every day / week / month / year, once a day / week / month, twice a day / week / month, on Mondays / weekends, in the morning(s)/ afternoon(s)/ evening(s) ...... 3. 与“习惯”相关的表达：这些固定搭配，常用于描述个人习惯。as a rule, I tend to... 来表达习惯。 2. (2024年全国高考英语II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspired) by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 与一般过去时连用的典型时间状语 1. yesterday类---yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning / afternoon / evening…… 2. last类---last Friday, last week, last month, last summer, last year…… 3. ago类---a moment ago, ten minutes ago, five hours ago, two weeks ago, three years ago, a long time ago…… 4. 固定短语类---the other day, just now…… 5. in+过去时间---in 1976, in 2016, in the 19th century…… 6. on +具体某天: on Monday, on May 1st, on that day, on the morning of June 10th 7. at +具体钟点: at 5 o‘clock, at noon, at that time 3.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，而且主语是复数形式，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 与现在完成时连用的典型标志 1.副词类---before, already, just, never, ever, yet, lately, recently…… 2.短语类---how long ......, since+过去时间点, for+一段时间…… 3.短语类：in the past five days, over the last few years, during the 21st century, all my life… 4. “迄今为止”短语类---so far, up to now, until / till now, to date 5.句型类---It / This is the first time that…; It / This the best / worst / most +名词+that… 考点二：考查动词时态、语态用法，且有固定句型限制或暗示。 4.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was / were doing…when…”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实，应该用过去进行时。故填was fixing。 与when有关的高频句型 1. was / were doing…when…某人正在做某事这时…… 2. was about to do...when…某人正要做某事这时…… 3. was on the point of doing...when…某人正要做某事这时…… 4. had done…when…某人刚刚做了某事这时…… 5. hardly…when…刚一……就…… 5.（2021年6月浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 【解析】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 与and有关的两个高频句型 1. A and B （并列名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、谓语动词……） 2. A, B and C （并列谓语动词、动名词…） 考点三：考查动词时态、语态用法，且需要考虑主从复合句时态呼应。 5.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways (to) Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本空时态应该用一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数名词。故填were。 6.（2024全国甲卷）They ___________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 答案：were 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 考点四：考查动词时态、语态用法，且需要考虑语境整体时态。 7. （2025年全国高考I卷）“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 答案：are revealed 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 8.（2022年6月浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice) her smile right away. ” I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 9.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 考点五：考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 10.（2024全国甲卷）What should __________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 答案：be done 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 11.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 （建议用时：20分钟） 【类型一：动词时态和主谓一致】 1. （原创）So far, the government _________ (take) several measures to address the issue, and the result _________ (be) encouraging. 2.（2025年全国I卷）Over the past several months, the company ____________ (conduct) a deeper study. 3. As we know, China’s Belt and Road Initiative ____________ (motivate) more countries to cooperate more closely so far. 4.（原创）The writer, along with all the editors, ________ (work) from home on Fridays according to the new policy. 5.（原创）The number of students participating in the contest ________ (increase) rapidly this semester. 【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】 6.（原创）I ________ (plan) to go for a run yesterday afternoon, but it ________ (rain) the whole day, so I decided to stay in. 7.（原创）By the time he ________ (graduate) from college, he ________ (master) three foreign languages, which impressed all the interviewers. 8.（原创）She ________ (constantly look) for her keys when she remembered that she ________ (leave) them in the car the previous night. 9.（原创）The scientist announced that his team ________ (make) a major breakthrough in their research, which ________ (change) the future of medicine. 10.（原创）He promised he ________ (call) me as soon as he ________ (arrive) at the hotel, but he never did. 【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】 11.（原创）This time next week, I _________ (lie) on a beach in Thailand, enjoying the sunshine. 12.（原创）I’m sure it’s going to rain, so I __________ (take) my umbrella with me when I go out. 13.（原创）Don’t call me between 8 and 10 pm tonight, as I ___________ (watch) my favorite TV series then. 14. He _____________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year. 15. It is reported that by the end of this year, the import of seafood _____________ (drop) by about 10%. 【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】 16. When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may ___________ (fool) into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. 17.（原创）It was the first time that the patient __________ (inform) about the risks of the surgery so clearly. 【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】 18. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ___________ (hold). 19. It was only after he had read the papers that Mr Gross realized that the task was extremely difficult _____________ (finish). 20.（原创）The homemade cookie ___________ (taste) much better than the store-bought ones. （建议用时：20分钟） 【类型一：动词时态和主谓一致】 1.（原创）If he __________ (not get) enough sleep tonight, he will be very tired during the exam tomorrow. 2.（2025年全国I卷）It is the second time in a row that Suzhou __________ (top) the ranking. 3. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 4. The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, ____________ (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. 5.（原创）The final term ___________ (start) on September 1st, which means we have only two weeks of summer vacation left. 【类型二：过去时态综合练（一般过去时+过去进行时+过去完成时+过去将来时）】 6.（原创）He told me that he __________ (prepare) for the upcoming exam all day yesterday. 7. The big fire ___________ (break) out on the morning of April 25, 2005, when most of the villagers ___________ (sleep) soundly then. 8.（原创）She announced that the new library __________ (open) to students in the following week. 9.（原创）It was the second time that week that the internet ____________ (break) down unexpectedly. 10. By Aug 19, Haihua Island _____________ (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 【类型三：将来时态综合练（一般将来时+将来进行时+将来完成时）】 11. It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it _____________ (take) to get there. 12.（原创）She assured me yesterday that she ____________ (help) me with the project, but so far she hasn’t lifted a finger. 13. I ____________ (intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 14.（原创）Believe it or not, it is the first time that his profound advice ____________ (fail) to guide me through a dilemma. 15. After visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she _____________ (eat) in China ever. 【类型四：各种形式被动语态微练】 16.（原创）In the past few decades, great strides ____________ (make) in the field of artificial intelligence. 17. It’s true that inner beauty is important, but external beauty shouldn’t _____________ (overlook). 18. It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which _____________ (locate) in the center of the city. 【类型五：主动形式被动意义微练】 19. Mrs. Lee wants that kind of cloth because she has been told that it _____________ (wash) very well. 20.（原创）The newly discovered dinosaur bone ___________ (measure) over two meters in length, suggesting it belonged to a colossal creature. （建议用时：15分钟） 一、阅读理解 It’s a familiar scene: You assure your parents you’ll leave for school in “just five minutes”, or confidently plan to memorize 50 words in an hour. Yet reality hits. You’re ten minutes late, breathless at the classroom’s front door. And of the fifty words? You managed barely twenty. So why do we keep misjudging time so badly? You’re not alone, and you’re not simply bad at planning. Most of us suffer from what is called the planning fallacy (谬误), a concept introduced by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. It describes how we consistently underestimate the time to complete a task, often accompanied by a failure to account for effort and risk, even if it contradicts our experiences. This happens because people tend to imagine the ideal situation and omit real-world challenges. Imagine trying to finish a math worksheet before evening study session. You picture yourself focused and finishing it in thirty minutes. But reality is different. You get stuck on a tough problem, look for your textbook, and check your phone “just once”, and suddenly an hour has passed. Before you know it, you’re rushing to complete the work, feeling stressed, and worried about how others will perceive your delay. So, what can you do? First, instead of thinking about the task, use data. Ask: how long did similar tasks take last time — not just the writing, but the thinking, searching, revising? Second, break big goals into small, more predictable steps and estimate the duration of each one. It’s easier to estimate “answer the first three multiple-choice questions” than “finish biology homework”. Third, don’t just add a fixed number to your estimate; adjust by percentages because larger tasks scale differently. A 10-minute task might need 5 extra minutes while a 2-hour task might need 30. The next time you catch yourself thinking “this will just take a few minutes”, pause for a moment and remind yourself of the planning fallacy. The goal is, however, not to become pessimistic about your capabilities, but to become realistic about the complexities of the real world. Your future self will thank you. 1. What phenomenon does the planning fallacy mainly describe? A. Anxiety over future plans. B. Frequent mistakes in daily life. C. Misjudgment about task duration. D. Failure to reflect on past experiences. 2. What does the underlined word “omit” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Meet. B. Accept. C. Handle. D. Ignore. 3. Which of the following is a solution to the planning fallacy? A. Dividing a project into smaller parts. B. Doing more research before acting. C. Adding at least five more minutes to a task. D. Following the same time estimate as before. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. How Perfectionism Fools Us. B. Closing the Planning Gap. C. Why Realism Is So Important. D. Breaking the Deadline Cycle. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mount Tai, a towering peak in Shandong province, China, is renowned for its steep landscape with over 7,000 steps. Climbing this mountain is challenging, especially for 1 elderly and people with mobility issues. However, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, 2 (weigh) only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs, offering assistance 3 (ease) the burden on legs at the same time. Developed by Taishan Cultural Tourism Group and Kenqing Technology, the exoskeletons debuted during the Spring Festival, attracting over 200 users. Users 4 (report) feeling like someone was pulling them uphill, making the climb much easier. However, some users mentioned 5 (convenience) in using the device for activities like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom. Despite these issues, the exoskeletons are seen 6 a “true blessing” for senior citizens and the mobility-impaired. This innovation not only aids mountain climbing 7 also highlights potential applications in elderly care, a growing market in China, 8 the population of seniors is rapidly increasing. The smart elderly care market was estimated at 6.8 trillion yuan in 2024. Kenqing Technology, the co-developer, is eyeing this vast market now and has launched an exoskeleton 9 (specific) designed for elderly users. To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots, industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger policy support is needed to scale up their production while keeping prices 10 (afford) for all. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $