专题04 人与社会（科技前沿）时文阅读与题型训练（专项训练）2026年高考英语

专题04 人与社会（科技前沿）时文阅读与题型训练 时文阅读 语篇原文 New technology brings with it both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of missing out. Satya Nadella, the boss of Microsoft, says he is haunted by the fact that the Industrial Revolution left behind India, his country of birth. (Indian manufacturers hardly enjoyed a level playing-field—Britain was then both their rival and their ruler.) Many technologies, such as online-education courses, have generated more hype than economic growth in the emerging world. Some people worry that generative-artificial intelligence(AI), too, will disappoint the global south. The big winners so far seem to be a bunch of Western early adopters, as well as startups in San Francisco and America’s “magnificent seven” tech firms, which include Microsoft and have together added an astonishing $4.6trn to their market value since Chat GPT’s launch in November 2022. Yet AI stands to transform lives in the emerging world, too. As it spreads, the technology could raise productivity and shrink gaps in human capital faster than many before it. People in developing countries need not be passive recipients of AI, but can shape it to suit their own needs. Most exciting of all, it could help income levels catch up with those in the rich world. The promise of AI in developing countries is tantalizing. As in the West, it will be a useful all-purpose tool for consumers and workers, making it easier to obtain and interpret information. Some jobs will go, but new ones will be created. Because emerging countries have fewer white-collar workers, the disruption and the gain to existing firms may be smaller than in the West. The IMF says that a fifth to a quarter of workers there are most exposed to replacement, compared with a third in rich countries. But a potentially transformative benefit may come from better and more accessible public services. Developing economies have long been held back by a lack of educated, healthy workers. Primary-school teachers in India have twice as many pupils as their American counterparts, but are ill-equipped for the struggle. 核心词汇 1.haunted /ˈhɔːntɪd/adj. 萦绕心头的；受困扰的 2.prosperity /prɒˈsperəti/n. 繁荣；兴旺 3.hype /haɪp/n. 炒作；大肆宣传 4.emerging /iˈmɜːdʒɪŋ/adj. 新兴的；正在发展的 5.generative /ˈdʒenərətɪv/adj. 生成性的（特指 AI 技术） 6.artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/adj. 人工的；人造的 7.transform /trænsˈfɔːm/v. 使改变形态；使转型 8.productivity /ˌprəˌdʌkˈtɪvəti/n. 生产力；生产效率 9.shrink /ʃrɪŋk/v. 缩小；缩减 10.passive /ˈpæsɪv/adj. 被动的；消极的 11.transformative /ˌtrænsˈfɔːmətɪv/adj. 变革性的；有改造作用的 12.accessible /əkˈsesəbl/adj. 可获得的；易使用的 短语积累 1.level playing-field 公平竞争环境 2.miss out 错失机会；遗漏 3.leave behind 使落后；抛下 4.generate hype 引发炒作 5.stand to do 有可能；注定会 6.human capital 人力资本（指劳动者知识、技能等） 7.catch up with 赶上；追上 8.be exposed to 面临；暴露于 9.hold back 阻碍；抑制 10.ill-equipped for 对…… 准备不足；缺乏应对…… 的能力 题型训练 阅读理解 难度 阅读时间 适中 8-10 分钟 New technology brings with it both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of missing out. Satya Nadella, the boss of Microsoft, says he is haunted by the fact that the Industrial Revolution left behind India, his country of birth. Indian manufacturers hardly enjoyed a level playing-field—Britain was then both their rival and their ruler.​ Many technologies, such as online-education courses, have generated more hype than economic growth in the emerging world. Some people worry that generative artificial intelligence (AI), too, will disappoint the global south. The big winners so far seem to be a bunch of Western early adopters, as well as startups in San Francisco and America’s “magnificent seven” tech firms, which include Microsoft and have together added an astonishing $4.6trn to their market value since ChatGPT’s launch in November 2022.​ Yet AI stands to transform lives in the emerging world, too. As it spreads, the technology could raise productivity and shrink gaps in human capital faster than many before it. People in developing countries need not be passive recipients of AI, but can shape it to suit their own needs. Most exciting of all, it could help income levels catch up with those in the rich world.​ The promise of AI in developing countries is tantalizing. As in the West, it will be a useful all-purpose tool for consumers and workers, making it easier to obtain and interpret information. Some jobs will go, but new ones will be created. Because emerging countries have fewer white-collar workers, the disruption and the gain to existing firms may be smaller than in the West. The IMF says that a fifth to a quarter of workers there are most exposed to replacement, compared with a third in rich countries.​ But a potentially transformative benefit may come from better and more accessible public services. Developing economies have long been held back by a lack of educated, healthy workers. Primary-school teachers in India have twice as many pupils as their American counterparts, but are ill-equipped for the struggle.​ 1.What does the underlined word “haunted” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?​ A. Inspired B. Troubled C. Honored D. Surprised​ 2.Why do some people worry about generative AI in the emerging world?​ A. It may widen the gap between the rich and the poor.​ B. Western countries are likely to monopolize it.​ C. Previous similar technologies failed to deliver real growth.​ D. It will replace most blue-collar workers there.​ 3.What is the key advantage of AI for developing countries?​ A. It creates more white-collar jobs than the West.​ B. It improves public services and narrows development gaps.​ C. It brings greater profits to existing firms.​ D. It reduces the burden of primary-school teachers directly.​ 4.What is the author’s tone when discussing AI’s impact on the global south?​ A. Doubtful B. Objective C. Optimistic D. Critical 完形填空 难度 阅读时间 挑战 12-15 分钟 New technology carries both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of missing out. Microsoft’s boss Satya Nadella says he is 1. by the truth that India, his birthplace, was left behind during the Industrial Revolution. At that time, Britain was both India’s 2. and 3. , so Indian manufacturers could not compete on a fair basis.​ In the emerging world, many technologies like online-education courses have produced more 4. than actual economic growth. This makes some people worry that generative AI will also fail to meet expectations. So far, Western early adopters and American tech giants have been the main beneficiaries, but AI is set to change lives in developing countries too.​ The promise of AI for these nations is 5. . It can boost productivity and 6. human capital gaps more quickly than previous technologies. Unlike being 7. receivers, people in developing countries can 8. AI to their own needs. With fewer white-collar workers, they face less 9. from AI than Western countries. The IMF notes that only 20-25% of their workers are most 10. to being replaced.​ The most 11. gain of AI may lie in better public services. Developing economies have long been restricted by a shortage of educated and healthy workers. For example, Indian primary-school teachers have twice as many students as American ones but are poorly 12. for the 13. . AI can help improve 14. to quality public services, enabling these countries to 15. up with rich nations in income levels. 1.A. haunted B. inspired C. relaxed D. confused​ 2.A. rival B. partner C. friend D. supporter​ 3.A. ruler B. helper C. guide D. learner​ 4.A. hype B. value C. profit D. progress​ 5.A. tantalizing B. disappointing C. boring D. worrying​ 6.A. shrink B. widen C. create D. ignore​ 7.A. passive B. active C. careful D. patient​ 8.A. adapt B. sell C. show D. hide​ 9.A. disruption B. support C. praise D. help​ 10.A. exposed B. used C. accustomed D. addicted​ 11.A. transformative B. small C. temporary D. useless​ 12.A. equipped B. known C. prepared D. trained​ 13.A. struggle B. success C. victory D. comfort​ 14.A. access B. way C. method D. approach​ 15.A. catch B. keep C. take D. make 语法填空 难度 阅读时间 容易 6-8 分钟 New technology brings with it both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of 1. (miss) out. Satya Nadella, the boss of Microsoft, says he is haunted by the fact that the Industrial Revolution left behind India, his country of 2. (bear). Indian manufacturers hardly enjoyed a level playing-field—Britain was then both their rival and their ruler.​ Many technologies, such as online-education courses, 3. (generate) more hype than economic growth in the emerging world. Some people worry that generative artificial intelligence (AI), too, 4. (disappoint) the global south. The big winners so far seem to be Western early adopters and startups in San Francisco, as well as America’s “magnificent seven” tech firms, which 5. (include) Microsoft. These firms 6. (add) an astonishing $4.6trn to their market value since ChatGPT 7. (launch) in November 2022.​ Yet AI stands to transform lives in the emerging world too. As it spreads, the technology 8. (raise) productivity and shrink gaps in human capital faster than many before it. What’s more exciting is that it could help income levels in developing countries catch up with 9. in rich nations. With better public services supported by AI, these countries may finally overcome the barriers 10. (hold) them back for long.​ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 人与社会（科技前沿）时文阅读与题型训练 时文阅读 语篇原文 New technology brings with it both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of missing out. Satya Nadella, the boss of Microsoft, says he is haunted by the fact that the Industrial Revolution left behind India, his country of birth. (Indian manufacturers hardly enjoyed a level playing-field—Britain was then both their rival and their ruler.) Many technologies, such as online-education courses, have generated more hype than economic growth in the emerging world. Some people worry that generative-artificial intelligence(AI), too, will disappoint the global south. The big winners so far seem to be a bunch of Western early adopters, as well as startups in San Francisco and America’s “magnificent seven” tech firms, which include Microsoft and have together added an astonishing $4.6trn to their market value since Chat GPT’s launch in November 2022. Yet AI stands to transform lives in the emerging world, too. As it spreads, the technology could raise productivity and shrink gaps in human capital faster than many before it. People in developing countries need not be passive recipients of AI, but can shape it to suit their own needs. Most exciting of all, it could help income levels catch up with those in the rich world. The promise of AI in developing countries is tantalizing. As in the West, it will be a useful all-purpose tool for consumers and workers, making it easier to obtain and interpret information. Some jobs will go, but new ones will be created. Because emerging countries have fewer white-collar workers, the disruption and the gain to existing firms may be smaller than in the West. The IMF says that a fifth to a quarter of workers there are most exposed to replacement, compared with a third in rich countries. But a potentially transformative benefit may come from better and more accessible public services. Developing economies have long been held back by a lack of educated, healthy workers. Primary-school teachers in India have twice as many pupils as their American counterparts, but are ill-equipped for the struggle. 核心词汇 1.haunted /ˈhɔːntɪd/adj. 萦绕心头的；受困扰的 2.prosperity /prɒˈsperəti/n. 繁荣；兴旺 3.hype /haɪp/n. 炒作；大肆宣传 4.emerging /iˈmɜːdʒɪŋ/adj. 新兴的；正在发展的 5.generative /ˈdʒenərətɪv/adj. 生成性的（特指 AI 技术） 6.artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/adj. 人工的；人造的 7.transform /trænsˈfɔːm/v. 使改变形态；使转型 8.productivity /ˌprəˌdʌkˈtɪvəti/n. 生产力；生产效率 9.shrink /ʃrɪŋk/v. 缩小；缩减 10.passive /ˈpæsɪv/adj. 被动的；消极的 11.transformative /ˌtrænsˈfɔːmətɪv/adj. 变革性的；有改造作用的 12.accessible /əkˈsesəbl/adj. 可获得的；易使用的 短语积累 1.level playing-field 公平竞争环境 2.miss out 错失机会；遗漏 3.leave behind 使落后；抛下 4.generate hype 引发炒作 5.stand to do 有可能；注定会 6.human capital 人力资本（指劳动者知识、技能等） 7.catch up with 赶上；追上 8.be exposed to 面临；暴露于 9.hold back 阻碍；抑制 10.ill-equipped for 对…… 准备不足；缺乏应对…… 的能力 题型训练 阅读理解 难度 阅读时间 适中 8-10 分钟 New technology brings with it both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of missing out. Satya Nadella, the boss of Microsoft, says he is haunted by the fact that the Industrial Revolution left behind India, his country of birth. Indian manufacturers hardly enjoyed a level playing-field—Britain was then both their rival and their ruler.​ Many technologies, such as online-education courses, have generated more hype than economic growth in the emerging world. Some people worry that generative artificial intelligence (AI), too, will disappoint the global south. The big winners so far seem to be a bunch of Western early adopters, as well as startups in San Francisco and America’s “magnificent seven” tech firms, which include Microsoft and have together added an astonishing $4.6trn to their market value since ChatGPT’s launch in November 2022.​ Yet AI stands to transform lives in the emerging world, too. As it spreads, the technology could raise productivity and shrink gaps in human capital faster than many before it. People in developing countries need not be passive recipients of AI, but can shape it to suit their own needs. Most exciting of all, it could help income levels catch up with those in the rich world.​ The promise of AI in developing countries is tantalizing. As in the West, it will be a useful all-purpose tool for consumers and workers, making it easier to obtain and interpret information. Some jobs will go, but new ones will be created. Because emerging countries have fewer white-collar workers, the disruption and the gain to existing firms may be smaller than in the West. The IMF says that a fifth to a quarter of workers there are most exposed to replacement, compared with a third in rich countries.​ But a potentially transformative benefit may come from better and more accessible public services. Developing economies have long been held back by a lack of educated, healthy workers. Primary-school teachers in India have twice as many pupils as their American counterparts, but are ill-equipped for the struggle.​ 1.What does the underlined word “haunted” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?​ A. Inspired B. Troubled C. Honored D. Surprised​ 2.Why do some people worry about generative AI in the emerging world?​ A. It may widen the gap between the rich and the poor.​ B. Western countries are likely to monopolize it.​ C. Previous similar technologies failed to deliver real growth.​ D. It will replace most blue-collar workers there.​ 3.What is the key advantage of AI for developing countries?​ A. It creates more white-collar jobs than the West.​ B. It improves public services and narrows development gaps.​ C. It brings greater profits to existing firms.​ D. It reduces the burden of primary-school teachers directly.​ 4.What is the author’s tone when discussing AI’s impact on the global south?​ A. Doubtful B. Objective C. Optimistic D. Critical 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 1.B（词义猜测题：结合上下文 “工业革命让印度落后”，可推断 “haunted” 意为 “困扰”，对应 troubled） 2.C（细节理解题：根据第二段首句 “许多技术产生了更多炒作而非经济增长”，可知人们担忧的原因是过往类似技术未带来实际增长）​ 3.B（推理判断题：第四段提及 AI 缩小人力资本差距，末段强调改善公共服务，二者共同构成核心优势） 4.C（态度判断题：全文侧重 AI 对发展中国家的积极影响，如 “transform lives”“catch up with rich world”，体现乐观态度） 完形填空 难度 阅读时间 挑战 12-15 分钟 New technology carries both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of missing out. Microsoft’s boss Satya Nadella says he is 1. by the truth that India, his birthplace, was left behind during the Industrial Revolution. At that time, Britain was both India’s 2. and 3. , so Indian manufacturers could not compete on a fair basis.​ In the emerging world, many technologies like online-education courses have produced more 4. than actual economic growth. This makes some people worry that generative AI will also fail to meet expectations. So far, Western early adopters and American tech giants have been the main beneficiaries, but AI is set to change lives in developing countries too.​ The promise of AI for these nations is 5. . It can boost productivity and 6. human capital gaps more quickly than previous technologies. Unlike being 7. receivers, people in developing countries can 8. AI to their own needs. With fewer white-collar workers, they face less 9. from AI than Western countries. The IMF notes that only 20-25% of their workers are most 10. to being replaced.​ The most 11. gain of AI may lie in better public services. Developing economies have long been restricted by a shortage of educated and healthy workers. For example, Indian primary-school teachers have twice as many students as American ones but are poorly 12. for the 13. . AI can help improve 14. to quality public services, enabling these countries to 15. up with rich nations in income levels. 1.A. haunted B. inspired C. relaxed D. confused​ 2.A. rival B. partner C. friend D. supporter​ 3.A. ruler B. helper C. guide D. learner​ 4.A. hype B. value C. profit D. progress​ 5.A. tantalizing B. disappointing C. boring D. worrying​ 6.A. shrink B. widen C. create D. ignore​ 7.A. passive B. active C. careful D. patient​ 8.A. adapt B. sell C. show D. hide​ 9.A. disruption B. support C. praise D. help​ 10.A. exposed B. used C. accustomed D. addicted​ 11.A. transformative B. small C. temporary D. useless​ 12.A. equipped B. known C. prepared D. trained​ 13.A. struggle B. success C. victory D. comfort​ 14.A. access B. way C. method D. approach​ 15.A. catch B. keep C. take D. make 【答案】1.A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A​6.A 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A​11.A 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. A 语法填空 难度 阅读时间 容易 6-8 分钟 New technology brings with it both the sweet hope of greater prosperity and the cruel fear of 1. (miss) out. Satya Nadella, the boss of Microsoft, says he is haunted by the fact that the Industrial Revolution left behind India, his country of 2. (bear). Indian manufacturers hardly enjoyed a level playing-field—Britain was then both their rival and their ruler.​ Many technologies, such as online-education courses, 3. (generate) more hype than economic growth in the emerging world. Some people worry that generative artificial intelligence (AI), too, 4. (disappoint) the global south. The big winners so far seem to be Western early adopters and startups in San Francisco, as well as America’s “magnificent seven” tech firms, which 5. (include) Microsoft. These firms 6. (add) an astonishing $4.6trn to their market value since ChatGPT 7. (launch) in November 2022.​ Yet AI stands to transform lives in the emerging world too. As it spreads, the technology 8. (raise) productivity and shrink gaps in human capital faster than many before it. What’s more exciting is that it could help income levels in developing countries catch up with 9. in rich nations. With better public services supported by AI, these countries may finally overcome the barriers 10. (hold) them back for long.​ 【答案】1.missing 2. birth 3. have generated 4. will disappoint 5. include​6.have added 7. was launched 8. could raise 9. those 10. holding 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $