专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁省名校联盟·期末） One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn't thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 1．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 2．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 3．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 4．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling for kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者深情回忆童年母亲深夜为自己读书的美好时光，成为父母后理解母亲的付出。借自身经历强调亲子共读对孩子成长意义重大，还能助成年人缓解压力，倡导亲子共读。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me.(我童年最美好的回忆之一是我母亲给我读书的时候。)”以及后文对母亲给作者读书的各种描述可知，作者童年时母亲给他读书这件事给他留下了最深刻的印象。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time.(这本来可能是她在照顾孩子和丈夫一整天后放松的时间，但相反，当我从床上溜下来，在其他人都睡着后踮着脚尖回到客厅时，她会微笑。作为11个孩子中最小的一个，有时很容易在人群中被忽视，而我珍惜那些时刻；我可以坐在她身边，知道那是只属于我的时间。)”可知，母亲本可以在那时放松，而作者却占用了母亲的放松时间，但他又很享受和母亲在一起的这些时刻，所以作者有这种矛盾的感觉。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills a sense of security they never forget.(除了帮助孩子培养对阅读的热爱之外，这也是一种与孩子亲近的美好方式，并能灌输一种他们永远不会忘记的安全感。)”可知，亲子共读的好处是能帮助孩子形成安全感。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章开篇讲述了作者童年时母亲给他读书的美好回忆，接着阐述了自己成为父母后对亲子共读的理解，以及亲子共读的好处，最后还提到阅读对成年人放松的作用，整体围绕亲子共读展开，目的是推广亲子共读的理念。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·吉林白山·期末） Bruce Springsteen played at MetLife Stadium last weekend in New Jersey, which is about an hour’s drive from my home. I’ve been a huge fan of his music for a long time, but I’ve never seen him at a concert. There were still tickets available, and yet I held back. I didn’t want to go there alone. I’m an independent woman who has lived alone since graduating from college. I love living alone and I need lots of solo (单独的) time to recharge my batteries from a demanding job. I enjoy spending time with small groups of friends and seeing my brother and his family, but I hesitate when leisure time involves large crowds, such as concerts or even movies. I don’t have social anxiety, so I often wonder why I hesitate when it comes to going somewhere alone. A previous study stated that people hesitate about doing things by themselves because they’re afraid of how they’ll be perceived. The good news is that no one is going to notice that. The reason is “the spotlight effect” which has been tested and proven through the use of bright yellow T-shirts. Students were forced to wear these bright shirts to class and were asked how many students they thought would notice them. The subjects thought, on average, about 50% of the class would notice them. In reality, fewer than 20%of the students noticed the shirts. I believe that some activities, such as listening to one’s favorite music at a concert, would be greater pleasure if it was a shared experience. However, according to some studies, people actually had about as much fun doing fun activities alone as they thought they would be accompanied by friends. If enjoying the free time we have depends on finding others to join us, we’ll go from having serious FOMO(Fear of missing out) to absolutely MO as people work more hours and have less free time these days. So if I had another chance to go to Bruce’s concert, even alone, I would surely go. 1．What was the reason for the author’s missing Bruce’s concert? A．A lack of time. B．Having no companion. C．The long travel distance. D．Being unable to get a ticket. 2．What can we know about the author? A．She enjoys socializing with familiar people. B．She suffers from severe social anxiety. C．She prizes family ties over friendships. D．She gets bored with her present job. 3．What does “the spotlight effect” refer to? A．The fear of being judged by others. B．The fact that bright clothes attract more attention. C．The tendency to focus on what’s happening around us. D．The belief that we’re being noticed more than we really are. 4．What does the author aim to do in the last paragraph? A．To express her fondness for Bruce. B．To explain the busyness of our daily life. C．To encourage people to do activities alone. D．To stress the close relationship between people. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了独立自主和独自享受休闲活动的观点，作者认为独自进行有趣的活动同样有趣，而且有时候更应该享受自己的自由时间，而不是因为他人的陪伴而放弃自己的独立自主。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Bruce Springsteen played at MetLife Stadium last weekend in New Jersey, which is about an hour’s drive from my home. I’ve been a huge fan of his music for a long time, but I’ve never seen him at a concert. There were still tickets available, and yet I held back. I didn’t want to go there alone.( Bruce Springsteen上周末在新泽西州的大都会MetLife Stadium演出，那里距离我家大约一个小时的车程。我一直是他的超级歌迷，但我从来没有在音乐会上见过他。虽然还有票，但我还是忍住了不去。我不想一个人去。)”可知，作者不去听Bruce Springsteen的演唱会是因为作者不想一个人去，也就是因为没有同伴。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I enjoy spending time with small groups of friends and seeing my brother and his family, but I hesitate when leisure time involves large crowds, such as concerts or even movies.(我喜欢和一小群朋友在一起，也喜欢去看哥哥和他的家人，但当我的休闲时间涉及到人群时，比如音乐会或电影，我就会犹豫。)”可知，作者喜欢和自己熟悉的人交往。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Students were forced to wear these bright shirts to class and were asked how many students they thought would notice them. The subjects thought, on average, about 50%of the class would notice them. In reality, fewer than 20%of the students noticed the shirts.(学生们被迫穿着这些鲜艳的衬衫去上课，并被问及他们认为有多少学生会注意到这些衬衫。研究对象认为，平均而言，班上约有50%的人会注意到他们。实际上，只有不到20%的学生注意到了这些T恤。)”可知，划线短语“the spotlight effect”指的是，有时候我们会以为别人会关注我们，但是并非如此。也就是说，认为自己受到了比实际更多的关注。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If enjoying the free time we have depends on finding others to join us, we’ll go from having serious FOMO(Fear of missing out)to absolutely MO as people work more hours and have less free time these days. So if I had another chance to go to Bruce’s concert, even alone, I would surely go.(如果享受我们拥有的空闲时间取决于寻找其他人加入我们，那么随着人们工作时间越来越长，空闲时间越来越少，我们将从严重的FOMO(害怕错过)变成绝对的MO（错过）。所以如果我有机会再去看布鲁斯的演唱会，即使只有我一个人，我也一定会去的。)”可知，作者认为如果享受我们拥有的空闲时间取决于寻找其他人加入我们，那么随着人们工作时间越来越长，空闲时间越来越少，我们将从严重的FOMO（害怕错过）变成绝对的MO（错过）。可知，作者在最后一段鼓励人们独自活动。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期末） When I was nine years old. I pulled out my grandmother’s dress over my young frame, admiring myself in the mirror. I had no idea what I wanted to be when I grew up. Later in senior high school, I began to dream of being an adult to explore a big world and make adventures. However, I knew adulthood for me was still distant because I supported myself mainly with the money from my family. Fresh out of college, I was working as a middle school teacher. I was in charge of young people and heavy with that responsibility. I arrived at school early and stayed late, preparing lessons and chatting with students. I was an official adult. I paid my rent and taxes. But I still felt as if I were playing a role. I was the adult authority figure who secretly didn’t feel grown-up in a room full of children. But I wasn’t worried; I was convinced that it would happen soon. To me, an adult is someone who is mature and trustworthy—a contributing member of the society. We strive to become adults while there is also someone who spends life constantly partying and avoiding responsibility. A grown-up, however, is a state of mind. Our body gets older but something inside us doesn’t feel as if it is progressing as quickly. In the following ten years, I followed the routines of adulthood: getting married, giving birth and working. My 6-year-old daughter and I often held hands, running breathlessly and laughing wildly. I tried to avoid eye contact with the nearby people who glared at us. I suspect they would prefer adults who would never slide down a giant hill of sand. I turned 57 recently and it occurred to me that maybe I had it all wrong; I should stop waiting to feel grown-up. What if we embraced (拥抱) the child-like part of ourselves to enjoy it, guilt free? If we’re responsible adults and do all the adult things in a way that works, why should it matter if we don’t feel grown-up deep inside? Non-grown-ups don’t necessarily play games, but it isn’t fun embracing the playful side of life? Why can’t we feel 57 and 15 years old at the same time? 1．How did the author feel about adulthood when she was a teenager? A．She was unwilling to make adventures if she became an adult. B．She showed no interest in thinking about it. C．She was expectant and hopeful about it. D．She had unknown fears for it. 2．What did the author believe would happen to her before long according paragraph 2? A．Being respected by her children. B．Becoming a capable teacher. C．Living on her own. D．Being a real adult. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in the third paragraph? A．What an adult means in her opinion. B．What an adult’s state of mind can be. C．Why some people spend life avoiding responsibility. D．Why it doesn’t progress so quickly to become a grown-up. 4．What advice does the author give to us through her story? A．Be true to your inner self. B．It’s never too late to learn. C．Life is a bittersweet journey. D．Nice souls are a masterpiece of time. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者就自己成长过程来理解什么是成人以及应该怎样才能做好成人。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Later in senior high school, I began to dream of being an adult to explore a big world and make adventures. (到了高中后期，我开始梦想成为一个成年人，去探索一个大世界，进行冒险。)”可知，在高中的时候，作者对成人是充满期待和希望。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“But I still felt as if I were playing a role. I was the adult authority figure who secretly didn’t feel grown-up in a room full of children. But I wasn’t worried; I was convinced that it would happen soon.(但我仍然觉得自己在扮演一个角色。我是一个成年人权威人物，在一个满是孩子的房间里，我私下里并不觉得自己是成年人。但我并不担心；我确信这很快就会发生。)”可知，作者相信自己不久后就会成为一位真正的成人。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“To me, an adult is someone who is mature and trustworthy—a contributing member of the society. We strive to become adults while there is also someone who spends life constantly partying and avoiding responsibility. A grown-up, however, is a state of mind. Our body gets older but something inside us doesn’t feel as if it is progressing as quickly.(对我来说，成年人是一个成熟、值得信赖的人，是社会中有贡献的一员。我们努力成为成年人，但也有人一生都在聚会，逃避责任。然而，成年人是一种精神状态。我们的身体变老了，但我们内心的某些东西并没有进展得那么快。)”可知，本段主要讲作者对成人的理解。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“What if we embraced(拥抱)the child-like part of ourselves to enjoy it, guilt free? If we’re responsible adults and do all the adult things in a way that works, why should it matter if we don’t feel grown-up deep inside? (如果我们像孩子一样拥抱自己的一部分，享受它，没有内疚感，会怎么样？如果我们是负责任的成年人，并且以一种有效的方式做所有成年人的事情，那么如果我们内心深处没有成年人的感觉，这又有什么关系呢？)”可知，作者建议我们应忠于内在自我。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） What is news? The Oxford English Dictionary describes it as: “The report or account of recent events.” However, a lot of reported news is bad or negative. This is both disheartening and unrealistic, creating an unbalanced representation of what’s going on in the world. Understanding why this happens, and knowing how to discover the problems it causes, helps to lessen its influence. It’s important to remember that many news organizations aren’t just a public information service. Most need to attract readers, viewers, or listeners in a competitive market. So the stories they choose to cover are those that attract the largest audience. So why do stories of suffering and sadness draw the biggest crowds? According to a 2022 study, there are evolutionary reasons why bad news is hard to avoid. Our brains are programmed to focus on possible threats to help avoid danger. Concentrating on risks enabled early humans to survive. The difference between then and now is that the threats our ancestors dealt with were local, life-threatening and short-lived. Today’s news is seldom immediately life-threatening, but it can excite the same processes, as the mind and body prepare for action. This can lead to feelings of powerlessness and anxiety as people deal with information about dangers. Feeling pressure to keep up to date can lead to a high intake of negative news, which would influence well-being. Recent reports showed that around 63 percent of 12 to 18-year-olds in the US say that news makes them often or sometimes feel sad or upset. Feeling upset when bad things happen is a healthy, human response. If you do feel upset by anything you’ve read, seen, or heard, remember to treat yourself with compassion (同情). There’s no shame in taking a break. Don’t feel like you have to be aware of every story of suffering that’s happening or have to take action to make a difference. 1．What is the worry expressed in the text about news reporting? A．It meets the challenges of social media. B．It is losing popularity among young people. C．It often presents a negative view of the world. D．It is under the influence of leading news organizations. 2．Why is bad news attractive according to the 2022 research? A．It excites people’s curiosity. B．It reflects the reality of daily life. C．It creates a natural response in our brains. D．It is often carefully chosen through market research. 3．What is the author’s suggestion? A．Doing more reading. B．Going easy on yourself. C．Thinking before you believe. D．Showing compassion to others. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．News Blues B．Bad News is Good News C．News That Changes D．Then or Now: News is the Answer 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了新闻报道中负面新闻过多的现象，分析了其背后的原因，并讨论了这种现象对个人情绪和社会的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, a lot of reported news is bad or negative. This is both disheartening and unrealistic, creating an unbalanced representation of what’s going on in the world.(然而，许多被报道的新闻都是负面的坏消息。这既令人沮丧又不符合现实，对世界正在发生的事情造成了片面的呈现。)”可知，新闻报道存在的担忧是它常常呈现出对世界的负面看法。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to a 2022 study, there are evolutionary reasons why bad news is hard to avoid. Our brains are programmed to focus on possible threats to help avoid danger. Concentrating on risks enabled early humans to survive.(根据2022年的一项研究，坏消息难以避免是有进化方面的原因的。我们的大脑天生就会关注潜在威胁，以帮助我们规避危险。专注于风险让早期人类得以生存。)”可知，坏消息难以避免可能源于进化因素，我们的大脑天生就会关注潜在威胁，以帮助我们规避危险，所以坏消息吸引人的原因是它在我们的大脑中形成了一种自然反应。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If you do feel upset by anything you’ve read, seen, or heard, remember to treat yourself with compassion (同情). There’s no shame in taking a break. Don’t feel like you have to be aware of every story of suffering that’s happening or have to take action to make a difference.(如果你确实因读到、看到或听到的内容而感到心烦，记住要善待自己。暂时放下新闻并不可耻。不要觉得你必须知晓每一个正在发生的苦难故事，也不必非得采取行动去改变现状。)”可知，作者建议在面对负面新闻让自己心烦时要善待自己，给自己放松的机会。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“However, a lot of reported news is bad or negative. This is both disheartening and unrealistic, creating an unbalanced representation of what’s going on in the world.(然而，许多被报道的新闻都是负面的坏消息。这既令人沮丧又不符合现实，对世界正在发生的事情造成了片面的呈现。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕新闻报道中存在大量负面新闻这一现象展开，阐述了负面新闻存在的原因以及其对人们造成的影响，最后给出应对建议。选项A“News Blues (新闻沮丧的东西)”能够体现出文章中负面新闻让人们感到沮丧、无力和焦虑等消极情绪，准确概括了文章核心内容，适合作为标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·辽宁·期末） Imagine a customer-service center that speaks your language, no matter what it is. Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. So an Alorica worker who speaks, say, only Spanish can deal with a complaint about an incorrect bank statement from a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. And it wouldn’t need to hire an employee who speaks Cantonese. However, Alorica isn’t cutting jobs. It will increasingly hire those who are comfortable with new technology. Potentially, the threat: Perhaps companies won’t need as many employees — and will cut some jobs — if chatbots can handle the workload instead. Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. It also cut the typical time needed to solve problems from more than two hours to just over three minutes. Similarly, researchers at Harvard Business School found in a study last year that job postings for writers, coders and artists decreased greatly within eight months of the arrival of ChatGPT. But being exposed to AI doesn’t necessarily mean losing your job to it. The Swedish furniture retailer IKEA, for example, introduced a customer-service chatbot in 2021 to handle simple inquiries. Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. Instead, the technology might turn out to be more like breakthroughs of the past—the steam engine, electricity and the Internet, which get rid of some jobs while creating others and probably make workers more productive in general to the eventual benefit of workers themselves, their employers and the economy. 1．What does the author want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A．The power of AI. B．The threat from humans. C．The customer requirements. D．The tips on language learning. 2．What advantage does Lina have over other staff? A．Winning the trust of customers. B．Responding to customers faster. C．Selling more products to customers. D．Having a great relationship with Shah. 3．What were IKEA’s customer-service workers asked to do in 2021? A．Take on other duties. B．Leave their company. C．Move to HongKong. D．Develop latest chatbots. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Will AI Change Our Lives? B．How Should We Use AI Effectively? C．Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs? D．What Is the Future of Traditional Companies? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过实例介绍了人工智能可能不会抢走人类的很多工作。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. (Alorica是一家位于加利福尼亚州尔湾的公司，在世界各地设有客户服务中心，该公司推出了一种人工智能（AI）翻译工具，可以让员工与说200种不同语言和75种方言的客户交谈)”可知，这种人工智能翻译工具有强大的力量，可以让员工与说200种不同语言和75种方言的客户交谈，并列举了下文与香港客户交谈的例子。由此推知，作者想通过第一段中的例子告诉我们人工智能的力量。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. (以印度商人苏米特·沙阿为例，他去年表示，他已经用一个名为Lina的聊天机器人取代了90%的客户支持人员，这引起了轩然大波。沙阿的公司Dukaan帮助客户建立电子商务网站，此举将查询的响应时间从1分44秒缩短到“即时”)”可知，名为Lina的聊天机器人将查询的响应时间从1分44秒缩短到“即时”。由此可知，Lina比其他员工有的优势是能够更快地回应客户。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. (宜家没有裁员，而是对8500名客户服务人员进行了再培训，以处理室内设计咨询和接听复杂客户电话等任务)”可知，宜家要求原来的客户服务人员处理室内设计咨询和接听复杂客户电话等任务。由此可知，2021年，宜家的客服人员被要求承担其他职责。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. (Alorica和宜家的经验表明，人工智能可能不会成为许多人担心的就业杀手)”可知，文章通过不同公司的例子告诉我们，人工智能不会成为人类的就业杀手。由此可知，“Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs?(人工智能会夺走许多人类工作吗？)”能够概括文章主题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·辽宁·期末） I recently had a conversation with a friend who was feeling very upset about work. Why? He thought his manager didn’t like him. He rarely heard much from his manager, and when his manager said something, it was about correcting some aspects of his work or giving him some constructive advice. Not surprisingly, given my friend’s understandably anxious view of these workplace dynamics (动态), he was afraid of his annual performance evaluation. He was worried that his boss might even tell him that he wasn’t needed anymore. Accordingly, he considered looking around for another job — not because he really wanted to, as he liked the kind of work he was doing, but because he suffered from the kind of management. The evaluation day came, and to his great surprise, rather than being harshly critical, his manager told him that he was doing a fine job and gave him a promotion. The sad truth is, this kind of phenomenon is by no means unusual in the workplace. One recent survey showed that nearly half of the employees have considered leaving a job “due to lack of recognition”. Another similar study found 46 percent of the employees left a job “because they felt unappreciated”. The good news is that, in this case, the damage was repaired before it was too late — before my friend was out the door and his company began the expensive and time-consuming process of hiring a new employee. But as the research noted above shows, workplace problems related to recognition and appreciation are as common as the office air we breathe. This conforms with my personal experience; during my decades of corporate management, I saw similar appreciation issues all the time. When a job isn’t done well, nobody deserves anything, of course. But when a job is done well, if you’re an employee, it’s entirely natural to expect at least a bit of appreciation. So if you’re a manager, it’s a good idea to show some. It’s that simple. 1．What phenomenon does the author want to describe through his friend’s case? A．Unclear rewards and punishments. B．Employee-management misunderstanding. C．Unfair promotion in the workplace. D．Fierce competition among new employees. 2．What happened to the author’s friend in the end? A．His company hired a new employee. B．He continued to work for the company. C．His company simplified the evaluation process. D．He repaired the relationship with his colleagues. 3．What does the underlined phrase “conforms with” in the last paragraph mean? A．Results from. B．Separates from. C．Agrees with. D．Contrasts with. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Defend employees’ rights. B．A friend’s unforgettable experience. C．Acknowledge employees’ work. D．Misunderstanding between employees. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过一个朋友的故事指出：与认可和欣赏有关的工作问题是很常见的离职原因，而作为管理者，最好在该向员工表示认可和欣赏的时候就表示一下。 1．推理判断题。通读前三段，尤其是第一段中的“He thought his manager didn’t like him.(他认为他的经理不喜欢他)”和第三段中的“to his great surprise, rather than being harshly critical, his manager told him that he was doing a fine job and gave him a promotion(令他非常惊讶的是，他的经理没有严厉批评他，而是告诉他他做得很好，并给他升职)”可知，作者的朋友最近一直对工作感到很沮丧，他以为经理不喜欢他，因为他很少听到经理的认可或欣赏，每次经理对他说的都是指正或建议，这让他萌生了离职的想法，因为他深受这种管理模式的折磨，但最终令他惊讶的是，经理在评估日告诉他他的工作做得很好，并且给他升职了。由此可推测出，作者通过朋友的事情想要讲述的是员工管理误解这种现象。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The evaluation day came, and to his great surprise, rather than being harshly critical, his manager told him that he was doing a fine job and gave him a promotion.(评估日来了，令他非常惊讶的是，他的经理没有严厉批评他，而是告诉他他做得很好，并给了他升职)”和“The good news is that, in this case, the damage was repaired before it was too late — before my friend was out the door and his company began the expensive and time-consuming process of hiring a new employee.(好消息是，在这种情况下，损坏在为时已晚之前得到了修复——在我的朋友离开并且他的公司开始昂贵而耗时的雇佣新员工的过程之前)”可知，作者的朋友继续在这家公司工作。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“during my decades of corporate management, I saw similar appreciation issues all the time(在我几十年的企业管理生涯中，我一直看到类似的欣赏问题)”可知，作者在自己数十年的企业管理生涯中见到过类似的问题，而This指代的是前文中的“workplace problems related to recognition and appreciation are as common as the office air we breathe(与认可和欣赏有关的工作场所问题与我们呼吸的办公室空气一样常见)”这件事。由此可推测出，这里是说这种认可和欣赏问题很常见，这符合作者的个人经历，conform with意为“与……相符”，与agree with意思相近。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过一个朋友的事情引入话题，结合第五段中的“workplace problems related to recognition and appreciation are as common as the office air we breathe(与认可和欣赏有关的工作场所问题与我们呼吸的办公室空气一样常见)”可知，本文主要讲述了与认可和欣赏有关的工作问题是很常见的离职原因，并且作者在最后一段提出建议，根据最后一段中的“But when a job is done well, if you’re an employee, it’s entirely natural to expect at least a bit of appreciation. So if you’re a manager, it’s a good idea to show some. It’ s that simple.(但是，当一项工作做得很好时，如果你是一名员工，那么期待至少一点欣赏是完全自然的。所以，如果你是一名经理，展示一下是个好主意。就这么简单)”可知，作者建议管理者向员工表达一些欣赏，认可员工的工作。由此可知，C项“认可员工的工作”最适合作本文标题。故选C。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末） Working in behavioral science, I’ve been asked how adults, especially educators, help students who like to stick with easy work. My answer is to take action based on the science behind desirable difficulties, which reveals the root of the question, and to do that, knowing what it is exactly is necessary. When my daughter Amanda was young and still taking piano lessons, I’d half-listen upstairs while she practiced down below. Typically, she’d get pretty good at the opening measures of a new piece. But eventually she’d get to those she didn’t know as well. At that point, music became noise, and Amanda was struggling along the way. Very soon, there would be silence. Then Amanda would begin again at the beginning - where the touch of her fingers generated music instead of noise. In the part Amanda felt uncomfortable about, she met difficulty desirable for her. If Amanda spent too much time repeating the simple measures and not enough on what was obviously difficult for her, I’d encourage her to get back to the hard part. Why do kids need grown-ups to encourage them through what scientists call “desirable difficulties”? Students often misinterpret the feeling of “This is hard!” to mean “I must not be learning much!” However, the truth is that strategies taking more effort, like testing yourself rather than just rereading notes, produce greater long-term learning gains. Difficulty is desirable… but it’s not always desired. Don’t assume that kids avoid effort because they’re lazy. Instead, they may be misreading the sensation of effort as a signal that they’re failing to make progress. Teach students to look at struggle in a sensible way by sharing stories of times you, too, felt confused and how insisting through difficulty helped you improve more than sticking to what you already knew. And, when their practice sounds and looks truly awful, tell them the sound of struggle is music to your ears. 1．Why does the author mention the story about Amanda? A．To prove a theory. B．To illustrate a concept. C．To provide a solution. D．To introduce a phenomenon. 2．What would Amanda do when facing difficult sections of music? A．Turn to her mother for help. B．Practice them repeatedly. C．Stop to return to the easy part. D．Struggle to complete them. 3．What is students’ common misunderstanding? A．It is hard to make long-term gains. B．Adults don’t understand their struggle. C．Effortful strategies are ineffective. D．Making progress is a must in learning. 4．How can educators help students deal with difficulty? A．By simplifying the tasks for them. B．By sharing stories of sticking to goals. C．By accepting their poor performance. D．By leading them to adopt a right attitude. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过女儿 Amanda的钢琴练习经历，探讨了“必要难度”这一科学概念，并解释了为什么成年人需要鼓励孩子面对困难。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“My answer is to take action based on the science behind desirable difficulties, which reveals the root of the question, and to do that, knowing what it is exactly is necessary. (我的回答是，要根据令人满意的困难背后的科学来采取行动，这揭示了问题的根源，要做到这一点，知道它到底是什么是必要的。)”可知，第一段引出“必要难度”这一概念，且作者提到了解“必要难度”是什么是必要的。再结合对Amanda的钢琴练习经历的描述及第二段的“In the part Amanda felt uncomfortable about, she met difficulty desirable for her. (在Amanda感到不舒服的部分，她遇到了她想要的困难。)”可知，作者通过这个故事来解释什么是“必要难度”。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But eventually she’d get to those she didn’t know as well. At that point, music became noise, and Amanda was struggling along the way. Very soon, there would be silence. Then Amanda would begin again at the beginning (但最终，她会接触到那些她不太了解的地方。在那一刻，音乐变成了噪音，Amanda一路挣扎。很快，就会一片寂静。然后Amanda又从头开始)”可知，当 Amanda 遇到她不熟悉的音节时，音乐变成了噪声……很快，房间里会变得安静，然后她会重新从开头开始，即Amanda会停止弹奏困难的部分，再次回到她熟悉的简单部分。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Students often misinterpret the feeling of “This is hard!” to mean “I must not be learning much!” However, the truth is that strategies taking more effort, like testing yourself rather than just rereading notes, produce greater long-term learning gains. Difficulty is desirable… but it’s not always desired. Don’t assume that kids avoid effort because they’re lazy. Instead, they may be misreading the sensation of effort as a signal that they’re failing to make progress. (学生们常常误解“这太难了！”的意思是“我一定学得不多！”然而，事实是，需要付出更多努力的策略，比如测试自己，而不仅仅是重读笔记，会产生更大的长期学习效果。难度是可取的，但并不总是可取的。不要以为孩子不努力是因为他们懒惰。相反，他们可能误解了努力的感觉，认为这是他们未能取得进展的信号。)”可知，学生常常把“很难”误解为“我学不到多少东西”，他们可能误解了努力的感觉，将其视为他们没有进步的信号。由此可推断，学生们会把费功夫的策略视为无效的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Teach students to look at struggle in a sensible way by sharing stories of times you, too, felt confused and how insisting through difficulty helped you improve more than sticking to what you already knew. (通过分享你也感到困惑的时候的故事，教学生以一种明智的方式看待挣扎，以及坚持克服困难比坚持你已经知道的东西更能帮助你进步。)”可知，教育者可以通过分享自己克服困难的经历，帮助学生以正确的态度看待困难。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高二上·黑龙江·期末） When I first began running in high school on the track team, it made sense to carefully clock every mile and push myself to race for personal bests. But as I changed from running for sport to running for amusement as an adult, I found that tracking my workouts often just ended with frustration. And it wasn’t until my watch battery died several years ago that I first experienced the sense of calm that came with running for the pure joy of it. I never replaced the watch battery, and that might not be a bad thing for my fitness goals. This is the idea of unplugged (不插电的) running, which is gaining steam in the fitness community. And recent research has shown that getting rid of your running watch, especially if it’s a smartwatch or fitness tracker, could actually improve your workout — or at least your enjoyment of running. “People used to have an interest in their sport and get enjoyment out of the sport, but now that’s switching to the data,” said Eoin Whelan, a senior lecturer at the National University of Ireland Galway. “They will compare themselves to people who are better than them, who are running faster or running longer. And in the end we know that makes them feel bad. ” Whelan also noted that people who are very dependent on smart watches or fitness trackers are more likely to skip their workouts if the batteries on their tracking devices are dead. In addition, there is evidence that running watch-free is beneficial for more than just the casual jogger. Some professionals also have had success with leaving their watches at home. Welsh runner Steve Jones famously set a world record at the 1984 Chicago Marathon without wearing a watch. More recently, Olympic marathoner Trevor Hofbauer made headlines for winning the 2019 Canadian Marathon Championships without a watch. “If you have too much information being fed to you in real time, it can kind of get in your head,” Hofbauer said. “For me, the simpler, the better.” 1．What happened to the author when his running watch didn’t work? A．He lost the desire to keep running every day. B．He experienced running as a really fun activity. C．He was at a loss how to replace the watch battery. D．He had great difficulty achieving his fitness goals. 2．What does Eoin Whelan say about fitness tracking watches? A．They can enrich the wearers’ social life. B．The data provided by them is unreliable. C．The way people use them is proper. D．They can lead to harmful consequences. 3．Why does the author mention Trevor Hofbauer in paragraph 5? A．To show the popularity of running watch-free. B．To encourage people to become professional runners. C．To prove the positive effects of running watch-free. D．To present professionals’ views on running watch-free. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．It’s time to take off your running watch. B．Unplugged running actually has two sides. C．Comparing with others should be avoided. D．Racing for personal bests requires simplicity. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己的切身经历讲述了运动手表会影响我们享受跑步的过程，还会带来其他负面的影响，因此在跑步时不戴运动手表是一个不错的选择。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“And it wasn’t until my watch battery died several years ago that I first experienced the sense of calm that came with running for the pure joy of it. I never replaced the watch battery, and that might not be a bad thing for my fitness goals. (直到几年前我的手表电池没电了，我才第一次体验到跑步带来的平静感。我从未更换过手表电池，这对我的健身目标来说可能不是一件坏事。)”可知，当作者的跑步手表失灵时，作者开始体会到纯粹的跑步乐趣，故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““They will compare themselves to people who are better than them, who are running faster or running longer. And in the end we know that makes them feel bad. ” (“他们会将自己与比他们更好的人进行比较，他们跑得更快或跑得更久。最后，我们知道这会让他们感到难过。”)”及第四段“Whelan also noted that people who are very dependent on smart watches or fitness trackers are more likely to skip their workouts if the batteries on their tracking devices are dead. (惠兰还指出，如果跟踪设备上的电池没电了，那些非常依赖智能手表或健身追踪器的人更有可能跳过锻炼。)”可知，运动追踪手表会到来相互攀比的问题，会让运动者感觉很糟糕，对运动手表的过去依赖会让人们失去内在的运动动力，可推知，运动手表会导致不良后果，故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In addition, there is evidence that running watch-free is beneficial for more than just the casual jogger. Some professionals also have had success with leaving their watches at home. Welsh runner Steve Jones famously set a world record at the 1984 Chicago Marathon without wearing a watch. More recently, Olympic marathoner Trevor Hofbauer made headlines for winning the 2019 Canadian Marathon Championships without a watch. (此外，有证据表明，不戴手表跑步不仅对休闲慢跑者有益。一些专业人士也成功地将手表留在家中。威尔士跑步者史蒂夫·琼斯（Steve Jones）在1984年芝加哥马拉松赛上创造了著名的世界纪录，但没有戴手表。最近，奥运马拉松运动员特雷弗·霍夫鲍尔（Trevor Hofbauer）因在没有手表的情况下赢得2019年加拿大马拉松锦标赛而成为头条新闻。)”可知，作者在该段中提到Trevor Hofbauer是为了说明不佩戴运动手表不仅对普通人有好处，而且还帮助像Trevor Hofbauer这样的专业运动员取得了成功，故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出话题，通过作者自身的例子说明跑步时不戴运动手表的好处；第二至第四段通过约恩•惠兰的研究说明运动手表会带来一些不良后果；第五段通过举出两名运动员的例子来说明跑步时不戴运动手表的优点；最后一段引用运动员特雷弗•霍夫鲍尔的话结尾。由此可知本文主要论述不戴运动手表跑步是有益的，故选A项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） The message is drummed into us from childhood: forgive people who’ve wronged you, because it’s the right thing to do. Forgiveness is a virtue, we’ re told, the only way for us to truly move on and heal. But forgiving someone is not always what’s best for us. In fact, if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn’t healthy, trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good. Most of us would probably agree that forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger towards them. Actually it pressures us to minimize our feelings and revise our boundaries — to say “it’s OK” when for us, it isn’t. And when someone doesn’t make us feel seen or safe, forgiving them can actually weaken our self-respect. A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this “the doormat effect”. It found that people who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves, along with a weakened sense of self. If you keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong, it can encourage that person to keep hurting you. That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K McNulty argues. He looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of aggression(攻击性), and whether this caused any changes in the wrongdoer’s behaviour. He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts, the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them. This is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways, and being offered a clean sheet can allow them to avoid making changes. Forgiving frequent and major offenses (冒犯), like verbal or physical abuse, can do more harm than good. What if we didn’t see forgiveness as a quick fix, like a magic medicine, and instead, we tried to just accept what’s happened as it is. By doing this, we can concentrate on understanding what really went down and deal with it in our own way, without feeling like we owe anything to the person who hurt us. It won’t be easy, for sure, but at least it’s all about us and what we need to heal. 1．What will happen if we forgive a wrongdoer according to “the doormat effect”? A．We’ll be free from negative thoughts. B．The relationship will be strengthened. C．The wrongdoer will change his behavior. D．We’ll have less self-respect and self-awareness. 2．How does the writer mainly illustrate his argument? A．By making comparisons. B．By listing examples. C．By citing research results. D．By giving definitions. 3．What can be concluded from James K McNulty’s research? A．Forgiving a wrongdoer’s behavior stops him from hurting others. B．Facing the consequences of aggression does more harm than good. C．Ignoring major offenses encourages a wrongdoer’s acts of aggression. D．Forgiving frequent aggression prevents a wrongdoer from making changes. 4．What does the writer suggest readers do? A．Forgive and forget. B．Learn to take the situation as it is. C．Center on yourself. D．Keep on good terms with offenders. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了关于“原谅”的话题，指出虽然传统观念认为原谅是一种美德，有助于个人成长和恢复，但在某些情况下，过度的原谅可能并不利于个人健康和自尊心的维护。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this “the doormat effect”. It found that people who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves, along with a weakened sense of self.(2010年发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的一篇研究论文将此称为“受气包效应”。研究发现，原谅那些让自己感觉不被重视的伴侣的人，自尊水平较低，自我认同感也会减弱。)”可知，2010年发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的一篇研究论文将此称为 “受气包效应”。研究发现，原谅那些让自己感觉不被重视的伴侣的人，自尊水平较低，自我认同感也会减弱。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this “the doormat effect”. (2010年发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的一篇研究论文将此称为“受气包效应”。)”以及文章第三段“That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K McNulty argues. He looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of aggression(攻击性), and whether this caused any changes in the wrongdoer’s behaviour.(心理学教授詹姆斯・K・麦克纳尔蒂在2011年的研究中就提出了这一观点。他研究了72对新婚夫妇如何对攻击性行为表达宽恕，以及这是否会导致犯错者的行为发生改变。)”可知，作者在论述过程中，引用了2010年发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上关于“受气包效应”的研究结果，以及2011年心理学教授詹姆斯・K・麦克纳尔蒂的研究，通过这些研究结果来支撑自己“原谅并不总是对我们最有利，有时可能弊大于利” 的观点，所以作者主要是通过引用研究结果来进行论证的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts, the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them. This is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways, and being offered a clean sheet can allow them to avoid making changes. Forgiving frequent and major offenses (冒犯), like verbal or physical abuse, can do more harm than good.(他发现，当一方更容易原谅这些攻击性行为时，攻击者就更有可能继续实施此类行为。这是因为直面自己行为的后果会促使人们改变自己的行事方式，而轻易得到原谅则会让他们逃避改变。原谅频繁且严重的冒犯行为，比如言语或身体上的虐待，往往弊大于利。)”可知，结合研究结果，频繁原谅攻击性行为会让攻击者逃避改变，也就是阻止了犯错者做出改变。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“What if we didn’t see forgiveness as a quick fix, like a magic medicine, and instead, we tried to just accept what’s happened as it is. By doing this, we can concentrate on understanding what really went down and deal with it in our own way, without feeling like we owe anything to the person who hurt us. (如果我们不把原谅视为一种速效解决方案，比如神奇的解药，而是试着坦然接受所发生的一切，结果会怎样呢？这样做，我们就能专注于弄清楚事情的真相，并以自己的方式去处理，而不会觉得自己欠伤害我们的人什么。)”可知，作者建议我们试着坦然接受所发生的一切。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁省点石联考·期末） Human beings are natural story tellers. In the long tradition, stories hold even deeper meaning - they are vehicle of truth, faith, and moral formation. Yet in many homes today, screens at the dinner table threaten to silence this rich tradition. A device often sits where an open heart with laughter and eye contact should be. Meals are a crucial time in both physical and spiritual lenses. They provide nutrition for the body while also offering an opportunity for meaningful connection with others. Bringing screens into this space introduced distractions, damaging the deep connections that meal time promoters, Studies consistently show that screen use during meals lessens conversation and weakens family bonds. Children especially are sensitive to these moments; they long to be seen, heard, and valued by their parents. When the focus shifts to a screen, the message communicated is that the virtual world matters more than the people in the room. In place of screens, families can return to story-telling - a practice that not only entertains but also forms character and faith. Stories told at the table can include everything from light hearted family experiences to reflections on some classic stories. When families share stories, they teach essential virtue’s like courage, kindness, and perseverance. Children come to understand that life'challenge can be met with faith and that every person’s life is part of a greater story. These moments build trust, especially for children, who need to feel that their thoughts and feelings are valued. A child who grows up being truly heard at the table is more likely to approach their parents with difficult questions or struggled later in life. In a world overflowing with distractions, the family table can be a shelter - a place where stories are shared, trust is built, and love is maintained. Making the dinner table a screen-free zone doesn’t require grand gestured, just simple intentionality. Begin by setting a shared family regulation: no phone’s, tablets, or other device’s at meals. To make it easier, let’s add a touch of ceremony to our meals together. Perhaps it’s lighting a candle or having a rotating (轮流) “story teller of the day” who gets to share a favorite tale. 1．How does the author develop the first paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By telling a story. C．By explaining reasons. D．By making a comparison. 2．Why do children resist the presence of screens during meals? A．They get tired of entertaining videos. B．They emphasise of face-to-face communication. C．They are eager for attention from their parents. D．They are aware of table manners around meal times. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The dietary habits of traditional families. B．The importance of technology in families. C．The benefits of sharing stories during family meals. D．The challenged of raising children in the digital age. 4．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A．Arranging a fixed member to tell stories. B．Banning all electronic device from the home. C．Allowing screens for educational purposed at table. D．Establishing a family rule against device during meals. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在现代社会中，屏幕在餐桌上越来越普遍，这对传统的家庭交流和故事讲述产生了负面影响。 1．推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出“Human beings are natural story tellers. (人类是天生的故事讲述者。)”，随后文章提到“In the long tradition, stories hold even deeper meaning—they are vehicle of truth, faith, and moral formation. (在漫长的传统中，故事承载着更深层的意义——它们是真理、信仰和道德形成的载体。)”。接着，作者话锋一转“Yet in many homes today, screens at the dinner table threaten to silence this rich tradition. (然而，在当今的许多家庭中，餐桌上的屏幕正威胁着要扼杀这一丰富的传统。)”可知，作者是在对比过去故事讲述的传统与现在屏幕带来的改变，突出屏幕对故事讲述传统的冲击。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Children especially are sensitive to these moments; they long to be seen, heard, and valued by their parents. When the focus shifts to a screen, the message communicated is that the virtual world matters more than the people in the room. (孩子们尤其对这些时刻很敏感；他们渴望被父母看到、听到和珍视。当注意力转移到屏幕上时，所传达的信息就是虚拟世界比房间里的人更重要。)”可知，孩子们抵抗用餐时屏幕的存在是因为他们渴望得到父母的关注。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In place of screens, families can return to story-telling—a practice that not only entertains but also forms character and faith. Stories told at the table can include everything from light hearted family experiences to reflections on some classic stories. When families share stories, they teach essential virtue’s like courage, kindness, and perseverance. Children come to understand that life ‘ challenge can be met with faith and that every person’s life is part of a greater story. These moments build trust, especially for children, who need to feel that their thoughts and feelings are valued. (代替屏幕，家庭可以回归故事讲述——这一实践不仅能带来娱乐，还能塑造性格和信仰。在餐桌上讲述的故事可以涵盖从轻松的家庭经历到对一些经典故事的反思。当家庭分享故事时，他们传授诸如勇气、善良和毅力等基本美德。孩子们开始明白，生活中的挑战可以用信仰来面对，每个人的生活都是更大故事的一部分。这些时刻建立了信任，尤其是对孩子来说，他们需要感受到自己的想法和感受被珍视。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是家庭用餐时分享故事的好处。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Making the dinner table a screen-free zone doesn’t require grand gestured, just simple intentionality. Begin by setting a shared family regulation: no phone’s, tablets, or other device’s at meals. To make it easier, let’s add a touch of ceremony to our meals together. (将餐桌变成一个无屏幕区域不需要大张旗鼓，只需要简单的有意为之。首先设定一个共享的家庭规则：用餐时不得使用手机、平板电脑或其他设备。为了让这更容易实施，让我们在一起用餐时增加一点仪式感。)”可知，作者在最后一段中建议家长制定家庭规则，用餐时禁止使用电子设备。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高二上·黑龙江·期末） When it comes to leading, self-identity matters. Research has shown that seeing yourself as a leader is an important first step on the path toward becoming one — and reluctance (不情愿) to be identified as a leader can keep capable people from taking on leadership responsibilities. So, why are people so often uncomfortable with thinking of themselves as leaders? To explore this question, we conducted a series of studies with more than 1,700 participants, and we consistently found that the more people worried about the reputational risks of being a leader, the less likely they were to be identified as one. Specifically, we identified three common reputational fears: fear of seeming bossy, fear of seeming different and fear of seeming unqualified. Many participants expressed concern about being seen as autocratic (专横的), bossy or domineering if they were to take on a leadership role. As one interviewee put it, “I wouldn’t want to seem pushy, or that I take advantage of weak people. I wouldn’t want to seem cold.” Interestingly, while much has been written on the use of negative words like “bossy” to describe female leaders, we found that in our studies, men and women were both afraid of coming across in this manner. The second common concern was that acting as a leader would result in being singled out and receiving too much attention for being different from others — even if that attention was positive. One participant explained, “I don’t want to be looked up to. I am comfortable leading, but at the same time I want to be on the same level as everyone else. “Many people worry that if they become leaders, they will have to sacrifice their sense of belonging within the group. Regardless of whether they actually saw themselves as qualified, many participants said that they were afraid that others would view them as unfit for leadership. As one shared, “I know people often associate certain typical images with leadership roles, so that makes me somewhat uncomfortable. I worry that if I try to pursue leadership in my field, people will not take me seriously.” 1．What does the underlined word “domineering” mean in paragraph 2? A．Being proud of oneself. B．Not considering others’ opinions. C．Speaking ill of other employees. D．Taking advantage of weak people. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Fear of seeming bossy only fits with female leadership. B．Both male and female worry about being seen as bossy. C．Leaders should not care about what others think of them. D．Female leaders are often described in negative-words. 3．What is people’s concern to be different? A．Getting less attention from others. B．Being talked about by others. C．Being on the same level as others. D．Lacking sense of belonging to a team. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To explain what reputational fears are. B．To encourage people to be leaders. C．To complain about the leaders in our life. D．To explain people’s reluctance to be leaders. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人们为何常常不愿将自己视为领导者”的问题展开探讨，通过一系列研究结果来分析和阐述造成这种现象的原因，包括三种常见的声誉担忧。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Many participants expressed concern about being seen as autocratic(专横的), bossy or domineering if they were to take on a leadership role.(许多参与者表示，如果他们要担任领导角色，就会担心被视为独裁者、专横者或……)”中的“autocratic(专横的), bossy”可推测，划线单词应该也是负面的评价，且和这两个单词意思相似。而“autocratic(专横的), bossy”都和“以自我中心，不考虑别人”相关。选项A“Being proud of oneself (为自己感到骄傲)”；选项B“Not considering others’ opinions (不考虑别人的意见)”；选项C“Speaking ill of other employees (说其他员工的坏话)”；选项D“Taking advantage of weak people (利用弱小的人)”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Interestingly, while much has been written on the use of negative words like “bossy” to describe female leaders, we found that in our studies, men and women were both afraid of coming across in this manner.(有趣的是，尽管有很多文章都在讨论用‘专横’等负面词汇来描述女性领导者，但我们的研究发现，男性和女性都害怕给人留下这样的印象。)”可知，男性和女性都担心被视为专横。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The second common concern was that acting as a leader would result in being singled out and receiving too much attention for being different from others—even if that attention was positive. One participant explained, “I don’t want to be looked up to. I am comfortable leading, but at the same time I want to be on the same level as everyone else. “Many people worry that if they become leaders, they will have to sacrifice their sense of belonging within the group.(第二个常见的担忧是，作为领导者会让自己被单独挑出来，因与众不同而受到过多关注——即使这种关注是正面的。一位参与者解释道：“我不想被仰望。我喜欢领导，但同时我也想和大家处于同一水平线上。”许多人担心，如果他们成为领导者，就必须牺牲自己在群体中的归属感。)”可知，人们对与众不同的担忧是“牺牲自己在群体中的归属感”，即“缺乏团队归属感”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“So, why are people so often uncomfortable with thinking of themselves as leaders? To explore this question, we conducted a series of studies with more than 1, 700 participants, and we consistently found that the more people worried about the reputational risks of being a leader, the less likely they were to be identified as one. Specifically, we identified three common reputational fears: fear of seeming bossy, fear of seeming different and fear of seeming unqualified.(那么，为什么人们常常不愿将自己视为领导者呢？为了探究这个问题，我们对1700多名参与者进行了一系列研究，并始终发现，人们对成为领导者可能带来的声誉风险越担忧，他们就越不可能被认定为领导者。具体而言，我们确定了三种常见的声誉担忧：担心显得专横、担心显得与众不同以及担心显得不胜任。)”以及全文内容可知，文章详细解释了人们不愿意成为领导者的三个声誉恐惧的原因，所以整篇文章都在解释人们不愿意成为领导者的原因。故选D。 Passage 4 （22-23高二上·辽宁·期末） The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define science, many of them replied that it’s an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions —not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions? As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuring as they may seem, prevent the scientific process. Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism — a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized representation actually ignores the universal existence of controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world. 1．What’s the real power of science according to the author? A．It provides solid solutions. B．It defends accepted understandings. C．It discovers certainties about the world. D．It keeps bringing questions and challenges. 2．What does the underlined word “reassuring” probably mean? A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Comforting. D．Challenging. 3．What may be the belief of the second misconception? A．Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all. B．Science is unreliable and of little use. C．Science is objective but impractical. D．Science is doubtful but useful. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Why Is Doubt Vital to Science? B．Why Should We Trust Scientists? C．What Is the Weakness of Science? D．What Is Scientists’ Responsibility? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是怀疑和科学的密切关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings.(作为一名科学历史学家，我认为，科学家和科学历史学家有责任证明，科学的真正力量恰恰在于通常被认为是它的弱点的东西：它对已被接受的认识提出质疑和挑战的动力。)”可知，作者认为科学的真正力量是它不断带来问题和挑战。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding.(怀疑可能令人不安，但它推动我们更好地理解。)”可知，怀疑令人不安，那么确定性就让人放心，划线词reassuring的意思是“令人安心的”，和comforting意思相近，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems.(科学家们理解这一点，但在公众和科学之间的动态中，存在两种相反的误解。第一种是一种盲目的科学家主义——相信科学是不容置疑的，并且有能力解决所有问题。)”可知，第一种误解是科学能解决所有问题，那么第二种和第一种完全相反，因此第二种是认为科学完全没有用，不可靠，即Science is unreliable and of little use。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand.(事实上，怀疑和科学经常结伴而行。)”可知，本文主要讲的是怀疑对科学很关键，A选项“Why Is Doubt Vital to Science?(为什么怀疑对科学至关重要？)”概括了本文内容，是最好的标题，故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁省名校联盟·期末） One of the best memories I have from my childhood is the time my mother read to me. When it was cold outside, we sat on the couch late at night with the fire blazing in the fireplace. I leaned against her shoulder and watched the lines on her face disappear as she used her voice to imitate the characters in the book. It could have been her time to relax after taking care of children and a husband all day, but instead, she would smile when I slipped out of my bed and came tiptoeing back into the living room after everyone else was asleep. Being the youngest of 11 children, sometimes, it was easy to get lost in the crowd, and I cherished those moments; I could sit close to her and know it was just my time. My mother’s lines would melt away during those moments because she wasn't thinking about cooking, cleaning, disciplining, or paying the bills. When she read Cinderella to me, she would make me feel the transition from ashes to riches because she was using her imagination to feel it, too. When I became a busy parent with my children, I understood my mother’s sacrifices for sharing that late-night story time with me. But, somehow, I think she needed it as much as I did. Years later, I had the opportunity to visit an elementary school recently to read to the first-grade class for National Children’s book week. Besides helping a child develop a love for reading, it is a beautiful way to be close to your children and instills a sense of security they never forget. It’s when the parent focuses on the child without distractions, and a child can feel that. I did. For a moment, we aren’t adults with all the answers and rules, but someone lost in a story with our children. Reading and letting our imagination travel is not just for children, either. When I am at my busiest and feel the most stressed in my life, I find a book and let myself get lost for a while. The difference between reading a book, hanging out on your iPad, or lounging in front of the television to relax is that when you read a book, the story can be what you imagine it to be, and you can learn as fast or as slow as you want to. I like that. 1．What impressed the author most? A．His mother read to him during his childhood. B．Mom warmed him with the fire in the fireplace. C．They sat on the couch enjoying the TV series. D．He imitated the characters in the book. 2．What made the author have contradictory feelings? A．He slipped out of his bed and tiptoed to mum. B．He did everything when others were asleep. C．He was always lost in the crowd. D．He stole mum’s time to relax but enjoyed it. 3．Which is the benefit of reading together according to the passage? A．It helps kids perform well in elementary school. B．It helps kids form a sense of security. C．It helps parents focus on reading without distractions. D．It helps adults find answers and rules. 4．What is the passage mainly aimed at? A．Calling for kids to read more classical literature. B．Promoting the idea of parent-child reading. C．Advertising for National Children’s book week. D．Relieving everyday stress. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·吉林白山·期末） Bruce Springsteen played at MetLife Stadium last weekend in New Jersey, which is about an hour’s drive from my home. I’ve been a huge fan of his music for a long time, but I’ve never seen him at a concert. There were still tickets available, and yet I held back. I didn’t want to go there alone. I’m an independent woman who has lived alone since graduating from college. I love living alone and I need lots of solo (单独的) time to recharge my batteries from a demanding job. I enjoy spending time with small groups of friends and seeing my brother and his family, but I hesitate when leisure time involves large crowds, such as concerts or even movies. I don’t have social anxiety, so I often wonder why I hesitate when it comes to going somewhere alone. A previous study stated that people hesitate about doing things by themselves because they’re afraid of how they’ll be perceived. The good news is that no one is going to notice that. The reason is “the spotlight effect” which has been tested and proven through the use of bright yellow T-shirts. Students were forced to wear these bright shirts to class and were asked how many students they thought would notice them. The subjects thought, on average, about 50% of the class would notice them. In reality, fewer than 20%of the students noticed the shirts. I believe that some activities, such as listening to one’s favorite music at a concert, would be greater pleasure if it was a shared experience. However, according to some studies, people actually had about as much fun doing fun activities alone as they thought they would be accompanied by friends. If enjoying the free time we have depends on finding others to join us, we’ll go from having serious FOMO(Fear of missing out) to absolutely MO as people work more hours and have less free time these days. So if I had another chance to go to Bruce’s concert, even alone, I would surely go. 1．What was the reason for the author’s missing Bruce’s concert? A．A lack of time. B．Having no companion. C．The long travel distance. D．Being unable to get a ticket. 2．What can we know about the author? A．She enjoys socializing with familiar people. B．She suffers from severe social anxiety. C．She prizes family ties over friendships. D．She gets bored with her present job. 3．What does “the spotlight effect” refer to? A．The fear of being judged by others. B．The fact that bright clothes attract more attention. C．The tendency to focus on what’s happening around us. D．The belief that we’re being noticed more than we really are. 4．What does the author aim to do in the last paragraph? A．To express her fondness for Bruce. B．To explain the busyness of our daily life. C．To encourage people to do activities alone. D．To stress the close relationship between people Passage 3 （23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期末） When I was nine years old. I pulled out my grandmother’s dress over my young frame, admiring myself in the mirror. I had no idea what I wanted to be when I grew up. Later in senior high school, I began to dream of being an adult to explore a big world and make adventures. However, I knew adulthood for me was still distant because I supported myself mainly with the money from my family. Fresh out of college, I was working as a middle school teacher. I was in charge of young people and heavy with that responsibility. I arrived at school early and stayed late, preparing lessons and chatting with students. I was an official adult. I paid my rent and taxes. But I still felt as if I were playing a role. I was the adult authority figure who secretly didn’t feel grown-up in a room full of children. But I wasn’t worried; I was convinced that it would happen soon. To me, an adult is someone who is mature and trustworthy—a contributing member of the society. We strive to become adults while there is also someone who spends life constantly partying and avoiding responsibility. A grown-up, however, is a state of mind. Our body gets older but something inside us doesn’t feel as if it is progressing as quickly. In the following ten years, I followed the routines of adulthood: getting married, giving birth and working. My 6-year-old daughter and I often held hands, running breathlessly and laughing wildly. I tried to avoid eye contact with the nearby people who glared at us. I suspect they would prefer adults who would never slide down a giant hill of sand. I turned 57 recently and it occurred to me that maybe I had it all wrong; I should stop waiting to feel grown-up. What if we embraced (拥抱) the child-like part of ourselves to enjoy it, guilt free? If we’re responsible adults and do all the adult things in a way that works, why should it matter if we don’t feel grown-up deep inside? Non-grown-ups don’t necessarily play games, but it isn’t fun embracing the playful side of life? Why can’t we feel 57 and 15 years old at the same time? 1．How did the author feel about adulthood when she was a teenager? A．She was unwilling to make adventures if she became an adult. B．She showed no interest in thinking about it. C．She was expectant and hopeful about it. D．She had unknown fears for it. 2．What did the author believe would happen to her before long according paragraph 2? A．Being respected by her children. B．Becoming a capable teacher. C．Living on her own. D．Being a real adult. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in the third paragraph? A．What an adult means in her opinion. B．What an adult’s state of mind can be. C．Why some people spend life avoiding responsibility. D．Why it doesn’t progress so quickly to become a grown-up. 4．What advice does the author give to us through her story? A．Be true to your inner self. B．It’s never too late to learn. C．Life is a bittersweet journey. D．Nice souls are a masterpiece of time. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） What is news? The Oxford English Dictionary describes it as: “The report or account of recent events.” However, a lot of reported news is bad or negative. This is both disheartening and unrealistic, creating an unbalanced representation of what’s going on in the world. Understanding why this happens, and knowing how to discover the problems it causes, helps to lessen its influence. It’s important to remember that many news organizations aren’t just a public information service. Most need to attract readers, viewers, or listeners in a competitive market. So the stories they choose to cover are those that attract the largest audience. So why do stories of suffering and sadness draw the biggest crowds? According to a 2022 study, there are evolutionary reasons why bad news is hard to avoid. Our brains are programmed to focus on possible threats to help avoid danger. Concentrating on risks enabled early humans to survive. The difference between then and now is that the threats our ancestors dealt with were local, life-threatening and short-lived. Today’s news is seldom immediately life-threatening, but it can excite the same processes, as the mind and body prepare for action. This can lead to feelings of powerlessness and anxiety as people deal with information about dangers. Feeling pressure to keep up to date can lead to a high intake of negative news, which would influence well-being. Recent reports showed that around 63 percent of 12 to 18-year-olds in the US say that news makes them often or sometimes feel sad or upset. Feeling upset when bad things happen is a healthy, human response. If you do feel upset by anything you’ve read, seen, or heard, remember to treat yourself with compassion (同情). There’s no shame in taking a break. Don’t feel like you have to be aware of every story of suffering that’s happening or have to take action to make a difference. 1．What is the worry expressed in the text about news reporting? A．It meets the challenges of social media. B．It is losing popularity among young people. C．It often presents a negative view of the world. D．It is under the influence of leading news organizations. 2．Why is bad news attractive according to the 2022 research? A．It excites people’s curiosity. B．It reflects the reality of daily life. C．It creates a natural response in our brains. D．It is often carefully chosen through market research. 3．What is the author’s suggestion? A．Doing more reading. B．Going easy on yourself. C．Thinking before you believe. D．Showing compassion to others. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．News Blues B．Bad News is Good News C．News That Changes D．Then or Now: News is the Answer Passage 2 （23-24高二上·辽宁·期末） Imagine a customer-service center that speaks your language, no matter what it is. Alorica, a company in Irvine, California, which runs customer-service centers around the world, has introduced an artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool that lets its workers talk with customers who speak 200 different languages and 75 dialects. So an Alorica worker who speaks, say, only Spanish can deal with a complaint about an incorrect bank statement from a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. And it wouldn’t need to hire an employee who speaks Cantonese. However, Alorica isn’t cutting jobs. It will increasingly hire those who are comfortable with new technology. Potentially, the threat: Perhaps companies won’t need as many employees — and will cut some jobs — if chatbots can handle the workload instead. Consider Suumit Shah, an Indian businessman who caused an uproar last year by saying that he had replaced 90% of his customer support staff with a chatbot named Lina. The move at Shah’s company, Dukaan, which helps customers set up e-commerce sites, reduced the response time to an inquiry from 1 minute, 44 seconds to “instant”. It also cut the typical time needed to solve problems from more than two hours to just over three minutes. Similarly, researchers at Harvard Business School found in a study last year that job postings for writers, coders and artists decreased greatly within eight months of the arrival of ChatGPT. But being exposed to AI doesn’t necessarily mean losing your job to it. The Swedish furniture retailer IKEA, for example, introduced a customer-service chatbot in 2021 to handle simple inquiries. Instead of cutting jobs, IKEA retrained 8,500 customer-service workers to handle such tasks as advising customers on interior design and fielding complex customer calls. The experience at Alorica and IKEA suggests that AI may not prove to be the job killer that many people fear. Instead, the technology might turn out to be more like breakthroughs of the past—the steam engine, electricity and the Internet, which get rid of some jobs while creating others and probably make workers more productive in general to the eventual benefit of workers themselves, their employers and the economy. 1．What does the author want to tell us by the example in paragraph 1? A．The power of AI. B．The threat from humans. C．The customer requirements. D．The tips on language learning. 2．What advantage does Lina have over other staff? A．Winning the trust of customers. B．Responding to customers faster. C．Selling more products to customers. D．Having a great relationship with Shah. 3．What were IKEA’s customer-service workers asked to do in 2021? A．Take on other duties. B．Leave their company. C．Move to HongKong. D．Develop latest chatbots. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Will AI Change Our Lives? B．How Should We Use AI Effectively? C．Will AI Take Away Many Human Jobs? D．What Is the Future of Traditional Companies? Passage 3 （23-24高二上·辽宁·期末） I recently had a conversation with a friend who was feeling very upset about work. Why? He thought his manager didn’t like him. He rarely heard much from his manager, and when his manager said something, it was about correcting some aspects of his work or giving him some constructive advice. Not surprisingly, given my friend’s understandably anxious view of these workplace dynamics (动态), he was afraid of his annual performance evaluation. He was worried that his boss might even tell him that he wasn’t needed anymore. Accordingly, he considered looking around for another job — not because he really wanted to, as he liked the kind of work he was doing, but because he suffered from the kind of management. The evaluation day came, and to his great surprise, rather than being harshly critical, his manager told him that he was doing a fine job and gave him a promotion. The sad truth is, this kind of phenomenon is by no means unusual in the workplace. One recent survey showed that nearly half of the employees have considered leaving a job “due to lack of recognition”. Another similar study found 46 percent of the employees left a job “because they felt unappreciated”. The good news is that, in this case, the damage was repaired before it was too late — before my friend was out the door and his company began the expensive and time-consuming process of hiring a new employee. But as the research noted above shows, workplace problems related to recognition and appreciation are as common as the office air we breathe. This conforms with my personal experience; during my decades of corporate management, I saw similar appreciation issues all the time. When a job isn’t done well, nobody deserves anything, of course. But when a job is done well, if you’re an employee, it’s entirely natural to expect at least a bit of appreciation. So if you’re a manager, it’s a good idea to show some. It’s that simple. 1．What phenomenon does the author want to describe through his friend’s case? A．Unclear rewards and punishments. B．Employee-management misunderstanding. C．Unfair promotion in the workplace. D．Fierce competition among new employees. 2．What happened to the author’s friend in the end? A．His company hired a new employee. B．He continued to work for the company. C．His company simplified the evaluation process. D．He repaired the relationship with his colleagues. 3．What does the underlined phrase “conforms with” in the last paragraph mean? A．Results from. B．Separates from. C．Agrees with. D．Contrasts with. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Defend employees’ rights. B．A friend’s unforgettable experience. C．Acknowledge employees’ work. D．Misunderstanding between employees. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末） Working in behavioral science, I’ve been asked how adults, especially educators, help students who like to stick with easy work. My answer is to take action based on the science behind desirable difficulties, which reveals the root of the question, and to do that, knowing what it is exactly is necessary. When my daughter Amanda was young and still taking piano lessons, I’d half-listen upstairs while she practiced down below. Typically, she’d get pretty good at the opening measures of a new piece. But eventually she’d get to those she didn’t know as well. At that point, music became noise, and Amanda was struggling along the way. Very soon, there would be silence. Then Amanda would begin again at the beginning - where the touch of her fingers generated music instead of noise. In the part Amanda felt uncomfortable about, she met difficulty desirable for her. If Amanda spent too much time repeating the simple measures and not enough on what was obviously difficult for her, I’d encourage her to get back to the hard part. Why do kids need grown-ups to encourage them through what scientists call “desirable difficulties”? Students often misinterpret the feeling of “This is hard!” to mean “I must not be learning much!” However, the truth is that strategies taking more effort, like testing yourself rather than just rereading notes, produce greater long-term learning gains. Difficulty is desirable… but it’s not always desired. Don’t assume that kids avoid effort because they’re lazy. Instead, they may be misreading the sensation of effort as a signal that they’re failing to make progress. Teach students to look at struggle in a sensible way by sharing stories of times you, too, felt confused and how insisting through difficulty helped you improve more than sticking to what you already knew. And, when their practice sounds and looks truly awful, tell them the sound of struggle is music to your ears. 1．Why does the author mention the story about Amanda? A．To prove a theory. B．To illustrate a concept. C．To provide a solution. D．To introduce a phenomenon. 2．What would Amanda do when facing difficult sections of music? A．Turn to her mother for help. B．Practice them repeatedly. C．Stop to return to the easy part. D．Struggle to complete them. 3．What is students’ common misunderstanding? A．It is hard to make long-term gains. B．Adults don’t understand their struggle. C．Effortful strategies are ineffective. D．Making progress is a must in learning. 4．How can educators help students deal with difficulty? A．By simplifying the tasks for them. B．By sharing stories of sticking to goals. C．By accepting their poor performance. D．By leading them to adopt a right attitude. Passage 2 （23-24高二上·黑龙江·期末） When I first began running in high school on the track team, it made sense to carefully clock every mile and push myself to race for personal bests. But as I changed from running for sport to running for amusement as an adult, I found that tracking my workouts often just ended with frustration. And it wasn’t until my watch battery died several years ago that I first experienced the sense of calm that came with running for the pure joy of it. I never replaced the watch battery, and that might not be a bad thing for my fitness goals. This is the idea of unplugged (不插电的) running, which is gaining steam in the fitness community. And recent research has shown that getting rid of your running watch, especially if it’s a smartwatch or fitness tracker, could actually improve your workout — or at least your enjoyment of running. “People used to have an interest in their sport and get enjoyment out of the sport, but now that’s switching to the data,” said Eoin Whelan, a senior lecturer at the National University of Ireland Galway. “They will compare themselves to people who are better than them, who are running faster or running longer. And in the end we know that makes them feel bad. ” Whelan also noted that people who are very dependent on smart watches or fitness trackers are more likely to skip their workouts if the batteries on their tracking devices are dead. In addition, there is evidence that running watch-free is beneficial for more than just the casual jogger. Some professionals also have had success with leaving their watches at home. Welsh runner Steve Jones famously set a world record at the 1984 Chicago Marathon without wearing a watch. More recently, Olympic marathoner Trevor Hofbauer made headlines for winning the 2019 Canadian Marathon Championships without a watch. “If you have too much information being fed to you in real time, it can kind of get in your head,” Hofbauer said. “For me, the simpler, the better.” 1．What happened to the author when his running watch didn’t work? A．He lost the desire to keep running every day. B．He experienced running as a really fun activity. C．He was at a loss how to replace the watch battery. D．He had great difficulty achieving his fitness goals. 2．What does Eoin Whelan say about fitness tracking watches? A．They can enrich the wearers’ social life. B．The data provided by them is unreliable. C．The way people use them is proper. D．They can lead to harmful consequences. 3．Why does the author mention Trevor Hofbauer in paragraph 5? A．To show the popularity of running watch-free. B．To encourage people to become professional runners. C．To prove the positive effects of running watch-free. D．To present professionals’ views on running watch-free. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．It’s time to take off your running watch. B．Unplugged running actually has two sides. C．Comparing with others should be avoided. D．Racing for personal bests requires simplicity. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） The message is drummed into us from childhood: forgive people who’ve wronged you, because it’s the right thing to do. Forgiveness is a virtue, we’ re told, the only way for us to truly move on and heal. But forgiving someone is not always what’s best for us. In fact, if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn’t healthy, trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good. Most of us would probably agree that forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger towards them. Actually it pressures us to minimize our feelings and revise our boundaries — to say “it’s OK” when for us, it isn’t. And when someone doesn’t make us feel seen or safe, forgiving them can actually weaken our self-respect. A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this “the doormat effect”. It found that people who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves, along with a weakened sense of self. If you keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong, it can encourage that person to keep hurting you. That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K McNulty argues. He looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of aggression(攻击性), and whether this caused any changes in the wrongdoer’s behaviour. He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts, the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them. This is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways, and being offered a clean sheet can allow them to avoid making changes. Forgiving frequent and major offenses (冒犯), like verbal or physical abuse, can do more harm than good. What if we didn’t see forgiveness as a quick fix, like a magic medicine, and instead, we tried to just accept what’s happened as it is. By doing this, we can concentrate on understanding what really went down and deal with it in our own way, without feeling like we owe anything to the person who hurt us. It won’t be easy, for sure, but at least it’s all about us and what we need to heal. 1．What will happen if we forgive a wrongdoer according to “the doormat effect”? A．We’ll be free from negative thoughts. B．The relationship will be strengthened. C．The wrongdoer will change his behavior. D．We’ll have less self-respect and self-awareness. 2．How does the writer mainly illustrate his argument? A．By making comparisons. B．By listing examples. C．By citing research results. D．By giving definitions. 3．What can be concluded from James K McNulty’s research? A．Forgiving a wrongdoer’s behavior stops him from hurting others. B．Facing the consequences of aggression does more harm than good. C．Ignoring major offenses encourages a wrongdoer’s acts of aggression. D．Forgiving frequent aggression prevents a wrongdoer from making changes. 4．What does the writer suggest readers do? A．Forgive and forget. B．Learn to take the situation as it is. C．Center on yourself. D．Keep on good terms with offenders. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁省点石联考·期末） Human beings are natural story tellers. In the long tradition, stories hold even deeper meaning - they are vehicle of truth, faith, and moral formation. Yet in many homes today, screens at the dinner table threaten to silence this rich tradition. A device often sits where an open heart with laughter and eye contact should be. Meals are a crucial time in both physical and spiritual lenses. They provide nutrition for the body while also offering an opportunity for meaningful connection with others. Bringing screens into this space introduced distractions, damaging the deep connections that meal time promoters, Studies consistently show that screen use during meals lessens conversation and weakens family bonds. Children especially are sensitive to these moments; they long to be seen, heard, and valued by their parents. When the focus shifts to a screen, the message communicated is that the virtual world matters more than the people in the room. In place of screens, families can return to story-telling - a practice that not only entertains but also forms character and faith. Stories told at the table can include everything from light hearted family experiences to reflections on some classic stories. When families share stories, they teach essential virtue’s like courage, kindness, and perseverance. Children come to understand that life'challenge can be met with faith and that every person’s life is part of a greater story. These moments build trust, especially for children, who need to feel that their thoughts and feelings are valued. A child who grows up being truly heard at the table is more likely to approach their parents with difficult questions or struggled later in life. In a world overflowing with distractions, the family table can be a shelter - a place where stories are shared, trust is built, and love is maintained. Making the dinner table a screen-free zone doesn’t require grand gestured, just simple intentionality. Begin by setting a shared family regulation: no phone’s, tablets, or other device’s at meals. To make it easier, let’s add a touch of ceremony to our meals together. Perhaps it’s lighting a candle or having a rotating (轮流) “story teller of the day” who gets to share a favorite tale. 1．How does the author develop the first paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By telling a story. C．By explaining reasons. D．By making a comparison. 2．Why do children resist the presence of screens during meals? A．They get tired of entertaining videos. B．They emphasise of face-to-face communication. C．They are eager for attention from their parents. D．They are aware of table manners around meal times. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The dietary habits of traditional families. B．The importance of technology in families. C．The benefits of sharing stories during family meals. D．The challenged of raising children in the digital age. 4．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A．Arranging a fixed member to tell stories. B．Banning all electronic device from the home. C．Allowing screens for educational purposed at table. D．Establishing a family rule against device during meals. Passage 3 （23-24高二上·黑龙江·期末） When it comes to leading, self-identity matters. Research has shown that seeing yourself as a leader is an important first step on the path toward becoming one — and reluctance (不情愿) to be identified as a leader can keep capable people from taking on leadership responsibilities. So, why are people so often uncomfortable with thinking of themselves as leaders? To explore this question, we conducted a series of studies with more than 1,700 participants, and we consistently found that the more people worried about the reputational risks of being a leader, the less likely they were to be identified as one. Specifically, we identified three common reputational fears: fear of seeming bossy, fear of seeming different and fear of seeming unqualified. Many participants expressed concern about being seen as autocratic (专横的), bossy or domineering if they were to take on a leadership role. As one interviewee put it, “I wouldn’t want to seem pushy, or that I take advantage of weak people. I wouldn’t want to seem cold.” Interestingly, while much has been written on the use of negative words like “bossy” to describe female leaders, we found that in our studies, men and women were both afraid of coming across in this manner. The second common concern was that acting as a leader would result in being singled out and receiving too much attention for being different from others — even if that attention was positive. One participant explained, “I don’t want to be looked up to. I am comfortable leading, but at the same time I want to be on the same level as everyone else. “Many people worry that if they become leaders, they will have to sacrifice their sense of belonging within the group. Regardless of whether they actually saw themselves as qualified, many participants said that they were afraid that others would view them as unfit for leadership. As one shared, “I know people often associate certain typical images with leadership roles, so that makes me somewhat uncomfortable. I worry that if I try to pursue leadership in my field, people will not take me seriously.” 1．What does the underlined word “domineering” mean in paragraph 2? A．Being proud of oneself. B．Not considering others’ opinions. C．Speaking ill of other employees. D．Taking advantage of weak people. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Fear of seeming bossy only fits with female leadership. B．Both male and female worry about being seen as bossy. C．Leaders should not care about what others think of them. D．Female leaders are often described in negative-words. 3．What is people’s concern to be different? A．Getting less attention from others. B．Being talked about by others. C．Being on the same level as others. D．Lacking sense of belonging to a team. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To explain what reputational fears are. B．To encourage people to be leaders. C．To complain about the leaders in our life. D．To explain people’s reluctance to be leaders. Passage 4 （22-23高二上·辽宁·期末） The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define science, many of them replied that it’s an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions —not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions? As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuring as they may seem, prevent the scientific process. Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism — a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized representation actually ignores the universal existence of controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world. 1．What’s the real power of science according to the author? A．It provides solid solutions. B．It defends accepted understandings. C．It discovers certainties about the world. D．It keeps bringing questions and challenges. 2．What does the underlined word “reassuring” probably mean? A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Comforting. D．Challenging. 3．What may be the belief of the second misconception? A．Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all. B．Science is unreliable and of little use. C．Science is objective but impractical. D．Science is doubtful but useful. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Why Is Doubt Vital to Science? B．Why Should We Trust Scientists? C．What Is the Weakness of Science? D．What Is Scientists’ Responsibility? / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $