专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（一议论文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁锦州·期末） One summer night in a seaside house, I was asleep. Suddenly, I felt myself lifted from bed and carried in my father’s arms out on to the beach. Overhead the stars were shining. “Watch!” As my father spoke, one of the stars flashed across the sky. And before the wonder of this could disappear, another star flashed, then another … “What is it?” I asked. “Falling stars. They come every year on a certain night in August. I thought you would like to see the show,” said my father. Many years have passed, but I still remember that night, because I was the lucky seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep. Once my father gave me Zuleika Dobson, Max Beerbohm’s classic story of undergraduate life at Oxford. I liked it, and told him so. “Why don’t you think about going there yourself?” he said. A few years later, with luck and a scholarship (奖学金), I did. My father had the gift of opening doors for his children, of leading them into areas of newness. Children are naturally curious and love to try new things. But someone must offer them the choices. Years ago, when the Quiz Kids were surprising American radio audiences with their brilliance (才华), a writer set out to discover what common characters there were in the backgrounds of these children. He found that some were from poor families, some from rich, some had been to super good schools, and some had not. But in every case there was at least one parent who shared something that the child was interested in, who gave encouragement and praise for achievement, who made a game of searching out the answers to questions. The most valuable thing parents can pass on to the next generation is not money or house, but a capacity (能力) for wonder and gratitude (感激), a sense of aliveness and joy. 1．What does the author do in the first two paragraphs? A．He shows how his father educated him. B．He looks back on the night when the stars fell. C．He describes his love for the seaside house. D．He expresses how much he missed his father. 2．What does the author think of his father? A．He loves to try new things. B．He is good at guiding him. C．He does so much for the family. D．He has a rich knowledge of literature. 3．What does the author mainly try to show through a writer’s discovery? A．Excellent children have some similar characters. B．Smart children have their own way of learning. C．Parents’ personality can affect their children greatly. D．Parents of excellent kids have something in common. 4．What could be a suitable title for the text? A．Parents are good teachers for their kids B．Childhood experiences can change one’s life C．Children can learn new skills from daily life D．Parents’ encouragement is important for a child 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者结合自己和父亲相处的经历，告诉我们好的父母善于引导孩子，他们鼓励和赞扬孩子的成就，他们把寻找问题的答案当成一种游戏。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Suddenly, I felt myself lifted from bed and carried in my father’s arms out on to the beach. Overhead the stars were shining. “Watch!” As my father spoke, one of the stars flashed across the sky. And before the wonder of this could disappear, another star flashed, then another … “What is it?” I asked. “Falling stars. They come every year on a certain night in August. I thought you would like to see the show,” said my father. (突然，我感到自己从床上被举起来，被父亲抱到海滩上。头顶上的星星闪闪发光。“看!”父亲说话的时候，一颗星星划过天空。还没等奇迹消失，又一颗星星闪过，接着又一颗……“这是什么？”我问。“流星。他们每年八月的某个晚上都会来。我想你会喜欢看这场表演的。”爸爸说。)”以及第二段“Many years have passed, but I still remember that night, because I was the lucky seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep.(许多年过去了，但我仍然记得那个晚上，因为我是一个幸运的七岁男孩，因为我的父亲相信，对一个小男孩来说，新的经历比一夜不间断的睡眠更重要。)”可知，前两段描述了作者回头看星星落下的夜晚。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Once my father gave me Zuleika Dobson, Max Beerbohm’s classic story of undergraduate life at Oxford. I liked it, and told him so. “Why don’t you think about going there yourself?” he said. A few years later, with luck and a scholarship (奖学金), I did. (有一次，父亲给我看了马克斯·比尔博姆关于牛津大学本科生生活的经典故事《祖莱卡·多布森》。我喜欢它，并告诉了他。“你为什么不考虑自己去那儿呢？”他说。几年后，凭借运气和奖学金，我做到了。)”可知，作者认为父亲善于引导他。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But in every case there was at least one parent who shared something that the child was interested in, who gave encouragement and praise for achievement, who made a game of searching out the answers to questions. (但在每一个案例中，至少有一位父母分享了孩子感兴趣的东西，他们鼓励和赞扬孩子的成就，他们把寻找问题的答案当成一种游戏。)”可推知，作者主要试图通过作者的发现来展示优秀孩子的父母有一些共同点。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The most valuable thing parents can pass on to the next generation is not money or house, but a capacity (能力) for wonder and gratitude (感激), a sense of aliveness and joy. (父母能传递给下一代的最有价值的东西不是钱或房子，而是一种对奇迹和感恩的能力，一种活力和快乐的感觉。)”结合文章中作者结合自己和父亲相处的经历，告诉我们好的父母善于引导孩子，他们鼓励和赞扬孩子的成就，他们把寻找问题的答案当成一种游戏。可知，A选项“父母是孩子的好老师”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·内蒙古阿拉善盟·期末） I am Lucy, a 15-year-old girl from India and I think believing is a great power that can change anything in your life. When I was 13, almost everyone just thought I was a kid so I did not have to worry about anything. But that was not true because I was bored with everything I was learning. Besides, my mother didn’t understand me. When I was 14, things changed. My friend encouraged me to learn music and I just found out that I had a strong interest in music so I started spending much time on it. Soon I wanted to be a part of it. So I researched it and then I wanted to be a part of an academy(专科院校) that trains musicians. But the problem was that it was in a different country. Although my parents might not be on my side, I never gave up my dream. During the next year, I practised my skills in dancing, singing and flexibility. I was in senior high school and had to be a boarder(寄宿生). My mother made me focus on my study. But I was busy preparing for auditions(试镜) of that academy and I was doing everything I could to prove it. To get what I wanted, I had that academy’s photos all over my room and that city’s main monument on my phone’s wallpaper. After a year in 2022, I finally gave my best audition of that academy on the Internet and I got in! I was happy but sometimes I wondered whether my parents were going to agree to it or not, Fortunately, my parents agreed and I flew to that country to give the last phase of an interview to join that academy. I passed and later was sent there for training. It was not surprising that I finally got the chance to live in the city of my dream and train in the academy of my dream, as I believed everything was going to work out as long as I held on to my dream. 1．What can we infer about the 13-year-old Lucy? A．She had fun every day. B．Everyone supported her. C．She was unhappy with her life. D．A dream started in her heart. 2．Who first led Lucy to the musical path? A．Her teacher. B．Her mother. C．Her friend. D．Her father. 3．What played a key role in Lucy’s success? A．Her effort and determination. B．Her family background. C．Her curiosity about new things D．Her talent for performance. 4．What did Lucy think of attending her ideal academy? A．It was a stage to make her famous. B．It was within her expectation after hard work. C．It made her love her mother more. D．It was a new way to make friends. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者在15岁的时候因为朋友的鼓励喜欢上了音乐，虽然家人不同意，但是在她的坚持和努力下，仍然取得了成功。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“When I was 13, almost everyone just thought I was a kid so I did not have to worry about anything. But that was not true because I was bored with everything I was learning. Besides, my mother didn’t understand me.(当我13岁时，几乎所有人都认为我是个孩子，所以我不必担心任何事情。但这不是真的，因为我对所学的一切都感到厌烦。此外，我妈妈不理解我。)”可知，Lucy在13岁时生活过得不开心。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“My friend encouraged me to learn music and I just found out that I had a strong interest in music so I started spending much time on it. (我的朋友鼓励我学习音乐，我发现我对音乐有浓厚的兴趣，于是我开始花很多时间在音乐上。)”可知，最先将Lucy引上音乐之路的人是她的朋友。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“During the next year, I practised my skills in dancing, singing and flexibility. I was in senior high school and had to be a boarder(寄宿生). My mother made me focus on my study. But I was busy preparing for auditions(试镜) of that academy and I was doing everything I could to prove it. To get what I wanted, I had that academy’s photos all over my room and that city’s main monument on my phone’s wallpaper.(在接下来的一年里，我练习了舞蹈、唱歌和柔韧性。我在读高中，必须成为寄宿生。我妈妈让我专注于学习。但我正忙着准备那所学院的试镜，我正在尽我所能证明这一点。为了得到我想要的东西，我在我的房间里放满了学院的照片，在我手机的壁纸上放满了这座城市的主要纪念碑。)”和最后一段“It was not surprising that I finally got the chance to live in the city of my dream and train in the academy of my dream, as I believed everything was going to work out as long as I held on to my dream.(我终于有机会生活在我梦想的城市，并在我梦想中的学院接受训练，这并不奇怪，因为我相信只要我坚持我的梦想，一切都会成功的。)”可知，Lucy的努力和决心让她最终获得成功。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It was not surprising that I finally got the chance to live in the city of my dream and train in the academy of my dream, as I believed everything was going to work out as long as I held on to my dream.(我终于有机会生活在我梦想的城市，并在我梦想中的学院接受训练，这并不奇怪，因为我相信只要我坚持我的梦想，一切都会成功的。)”可知，Lucy 的成功完全在她的意料之中。故选B。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期末） Being a vegetarian (素食者) in a meat-eating culture isn’t always easy. I always get asked, “Why? Since when? How come?” and “How can you stand not eating meat?” For me, being a vegetarian isn’t strange; it’s just who and what I am. I’m sick and tired of people judging (评价) me based on a personal choice that has nothing to do with them. Honestly, I could understand if my decision had an influence on their lives, but the thing is it doesn’t, so they should just get over it. If anything, more people should be vegetarians. It’s a fact that there are some health benefits connected with being a vegetarian. Some of these benefits include a lower risk of cancer, heart attacks, and high blood pressure. Being a vegetarian can help people live a longer life because they are eating healthily and not taking in the fat that can be found in non-vegetarian diets. While all diets need to be balanced, it is possible to get protein, minerals and nutrients from vegetable sources, though in lesser quantities (数量) . Vegetables, milk and eggs have all the requirements your body needs to survive. If you are creative, a vegetarian diet is far from boring. As vegetables come in a variety of types and tastes, they can be prepared and eaten in countless ways. There are so many vegetarian cookbooks, which shows this is a fact. You can also grow your own vegetables, which is very satisfying. I find it funny when people say that vegetarians do not get enough energy (能量) from their diet. My answer is to mention Dave Scott, the first person to win the IRONMAN World Championship. . . six times! Yes, surprise, surprise, at the time he was a vegetarian. Vegetarianism is better for the planet because the ecological footprint (生态足迹) of vegetarians is smaller. So next time you want to judge someone’s personal choice to go veggie, remember that they have their reasons, not the least of which are concerns for animals and the state of the planet. 1．How does the author feel about others’ opinions on his diet? A．He is angry with them. B．He is careful about them. C．He is doubtful about them. D．He is uninterested in them. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about a vegetarian diet? A．Its types. B．Its sources. C．Its popularity. D．Its advantages. 3．Why does the author mention Dave Scott in paragraph 5? A．To show what a vegetarian diet is. B．To suggest a vegetarian diet is healthy. C．To present a study on vegetarian diets. D．To explore why some athletes are vegetarians. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．My road to being a vegetarian. B．Never regret your own choice. C．Being a vegetarian is my choice. D．Misunderstandings about vegetarian diets. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者坚持素食主义的原因及素食主义的好处。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“For me, being a vegetarian isn’t strange; it’s just who and what I am. I’m sick and tired of people judging (评价) me based on a personal choice that has nothing to do with them. Honestly, I could understand if my decision had an influence on their lives, but the thing is it doesn’t, so they should just get over it.(对我来说，成为一名素食者并不奇怪；这仅仅是我的身份和我的选择。我厌倦了人们根据与我无关的个人选择来评判我。老实说，如果我的决定对他们的生活有影响，我可以理解，但事实并非如此，所以他们应该克服它)”可知，作者觉得自己吃素这件事情并没有影响到他人，由此可推知，他对别人的看法感到不满和生气。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“If anything, more people should be vegetarians. It’s a fact that there are some health benefits connected with being a vegetarian.(如果有的话，更多的人应该是素食主义者。事实上，素食对健康有一些好处)”以及全段可知，本段主要描述了素食饮食对健康的益处，如较低的癌症、心脏病和高血压风险，并提到可以活得更长，以及素食中也能获取足够的蛋白质、矿物质和营养。因此，这段主要讲述了素食饮食的优点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“I find it funny when people say that vegetarians do not get enough energy (能量) from their diet. My answer is to mention Dave Scott, the first person to win the IRONMAN World Championship. . . six times! Yes, surprise, surprise, at the time he was a vegetarian.(我觉得很好笑，当人们说素食者从他们的饮食中得不到足够的能量。我的回答是提到Dave Scott，他是第一个赢得IRONMAN世界锦标赛冠军的人……而且赢了六次！是的，令人惊讶的是，他在那个时候是一名素食者)”可推知，本段提到Dave Scott是为了举例说明素食者可以在体能和健康方面也表现优异，从而支持素食健康这一观点。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“For me, being a vegetarian isn’t strange; it’s just who and what I am.(对我来说，成为一名素食者并不奇怪；这仅仅是我的身份和我的选择)”，第三段的“It’s a fact that there are some health benefits connected with being a vegetarian.(事实上，素食对健康有一些好处)”以及最后一段的“Vegetarianism is better for the planet because the ecological footprint (生态足迹) of vegetarians is smaller.(素食主义对地球更有利，因为素食者的生态足迹更小)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者作为素食者的个人体验，面对他人质疑的态度，以及为什么选择素食不仅对他自己有益，也对地球有利。由此可知，最合适的标题是“吃素是我的选择”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末） When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 1．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 3．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 4．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的)when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman.(当Gail Heyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件衣服时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条明确的最爱——一条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一款。”)”可知，文章开头，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing.(正如Heyman的经历所表明的那样，如果你为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及到你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友的感受有时会让他们失败)”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it.(如果你知道谎言会有结果，为什么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授Tali Sharot进行的一项研究发现，这是因为人们已经习惯了。)”可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth(歪曲事实) .She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers(诱因) .Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively.(Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际反应的时候这样做。把你的注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。)”可知，Sharot建议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·黑龙江·期末） Every year around August, millions of teens take their parents to stores to buy new clothes for the start of the school year. Not every parent can afford this, and some teens are forced to go to school in the same clothes they wore last year. The obvious differences in clothes cause differences among students. There is a simple solution to this problem:school uniforms (校服). I know from personal experience and surveys that wearing uniforms creates a sense of equality among peers (同龄人) . From sixth grade until I graduated from senior high school, I attended a school that required students to wear uniforms. The uniform was very simple:dark brown shoes, green-brown pants, and a white shirt. The uniform left little room for any kind of self-expression, especially through clothes. However, I learned how to stand out by expressing myself through my personality, art, and sports. I did not know I could draw until the sixth grade. I also would never have learned of my musical abilities if it hadn’t been for my desire to find ways to express myself. Uniforms taught me that I was myself, except what I wore. Uniforms also contribute to a much safer learning environment. I remember a man ran away from prison and wanted to hide in the gym of our school. Luckily, cameras all over the school quickly found the man not wearing our school uniforms. School officials kept the man locked inside our gym until the police came to take him back to prison. Uniforms help provide a better educational experience for all students no matter what race, culture, or economic class (经济阶层). 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By challenging others’ views. B．By presenting the writer’s puzzle. C．By describing a common problem. D．By sharing his parents’ experience. 2．What can we know about the writer in para. 3? A．He found new ways to express himself. B．He was more talented than other peers. C．He was unwilling to wear school uniforms. D．He made progress in academic performances. 3．Which of the following statements could the author agree with? A．Uniforms should be more modern. B．Uniforms are popular with teachers. C．Uniforms are bad for self-development. D．Uniforms provide equal education experience. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Well-Fitting Uniforms B．Lovely Uniforms Wearers C．Uniformity (规范性) Existing in Schools D．The Significance of School Uniforms 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了校服的好处及意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every year around August, millions of teens take their parents to stores to buy new clothes for the start of the school year. Not every parent can afford this, and some teens are forced to go to school in the same clothes they wore last year. The obvious differences in clothes cause differences among students. There is a simple solution to this problem: school uniforms (校服).(每年八月左右，数以百万计的青少年都会带着父母去商店购买开学用的新衣服。并不是每个家长都能负担得起，一些青少年被迫穿着去年穿的衣服去上学。衣着的明显差异造成了学生之间的差异。解决这个问题有一个简单的办法：校服)”可推知，作者是通过描述一个常见问题——每年开学学生都会拉着父母去购买开学用的衣服，来引入话题的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, I learned how to stand out by expressing myself through my personality, art, and sports. I did not know I could draw until the sixth grade.(然而，我学会了如何通过我的个性、艺术和运动来表达自己，从而脱颖而出。)”可知，作者找到了表达自己的新方式。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Uniforms help provide a better educational experience for all students no matter what race, culture, or economic class (经济阶层).(校服有助于为所有学生提供更好的教育体验，无论其种族、文化或经济阶层如何)”可推知，作者认为校服提供平等的教育经历。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The obvious differences in clothes cause differences among students. There is a simple solution to this problem:school uniforms (校服).(衣着的明显差异造成了学生之间的差异。解决这个问题有一个简单的办法：校服)”，第二段中“I know from personal experience and surveys that wearing uniforms creates a sense of equality among peers (同龄人) .(我从个人经验和调查中知道，穿着校服可以在同龄人之间营造一种平等感)”，第三段中“However, I learned how to stand out by expressing myself through my personality, art, and sports. I did not know I could draw until the sixth grade... Uniforms taught me that I was myself, except what I wore.(然而，我学会了如何通过我的个性、艺术和运动来表达自己，从而脱颖而出……校服让我知道我就是我自己，除了我穿的衣服。)”和倒数第二段中“Uniforms also contribute to a much safer learning environment.(制服还有助于营造更安全的学习环境)”以及最后一段“Uniforms help provide a better educational experience for all students no matter what race, culture, or economic class (经济阶层).(校服有助于为所有学生提供更好的教育体验，无论其种族、文化或经济阶层如何)”可知，文章主要论述了校服的好处及意义，D项“校服的意义”适合作文章标题，故选D。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （22-23高一上·吉林·期末） Coming upon a clear - cut in an old forest is a shocking experience. Tees large and small are collapsed one above the other in pile, and the ground is covered with the tracks of heavy machinery. Such was the scene when forest activist Zack Porter and I hiked a newly built logging (伐木) road in Green Mountain National Forest. Clear - cutting in the American forests has long been widespread. But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures. The thinking is that clear - cutting done wisely can mimic natural disturbances, for example, from insect invasions or from storms overturning older trees that produce what ecologists call Early Successional Habitats - places where young trees and bushes get the upper hand and animals that depend on such habitat thrive. The project also states that forests “can only be saved by being destroyed” - by keeping them young. Timber (木材) interests are enthusiastic about the approach because it lets them profit from cutting trees while claiming the significance of conservation. Hunting groups favor it because a younger, less thick forest makes it easier to find the game and birds they're tracking. Nevertheless, Porter says, “Allowing some of the oldest standing trees in New England to be removed is equal to dereliction of duty on the part of the government, who sees the forests as commodities (商品).” “Forests can produce clean water, clean air, carbon storage, and biodiversity that we need,” he continues as we walk among lovely mixed hardwoods and evergreens that are cut down for logging. “We shouldn't be removing them for short - term gain.” In this sense, Zack Porter's description of logging for wildlife for short - term gain - the short - term gain of favoring habitat for species people today want to see and hunt - is reasonable. 1．How does the author start the text? A．By presenting some ideas. B．By listing some evidence. C．By comparing different views. D．By stating his own experience. 2．Which argument does the Forest Habitat Creation Project hold? A．Profits can be made from logging. B．Clear - cutting is beneficial to the wildlife. C．The conservation of forest is of significance. D．Clear - cutting can cause natural disturbances. 3．What does the underlined word “dereliction” mean in paragraph 4? A．Fulfillment. B．Promise. C．Misconduct. D．Exposure. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A New Approach to Forest Protection B．A Hiking Experience in the Logging Road C．How to Build Early Successional Habitats? D．Is Clear - cutting Forests Good for Wildlife? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文讨论了砍伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？ 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Coming upon a clear - cut in an old forest is a shocking experience. Tees large and small are collapsed one above the other in pile, and the ground is covered with the tracks of heavy machinery. Such was the scene when forest activist Zack Porter and I hiked a newly built logging (伐木) road in Green Mountain National Forest.”(在古老的森林里偶然发现一片被砍伐的空地是一种令人震惊的经历。大大小小的t座一个接一个地堆在一起，地面上布满了重型机械的履带。森林活动家扎克·波特(Zack Porter)和我在绿山国家森林(Green Mountain National forest)新修建的伐木公路上徒步旅行时，看到了这样的一幕。)可知，作者通过叙述自己的经历开始文章的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures.”(但是现在，“森林栖息地创造项目”代表了一个被热烈讨论的新理由——砍伐森林对本土生物有利。)可知，“森林栖息地创建项目”认为伐木对野生动物是有益的。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Forests can produce clean water, clean air, carbon storage, and biodiversity that we need,” he continues as we walk among lovely mixed hardwoods and evergreens that are cut down for logging. “We shouldn't be removing them for short - term gain.”(森林可以产生我们需要的清洁水、清洁空气、碳储存和生物多样性，”当我们走在被砍伐的可爱的阔叶林和常青树之间时，他继续说道。“我们不应该为了短期利益而移除它们。)可知，波特反对砍树，所以允许一些新英格兰最古老的现存树木被移除，等于是政府的失职。所以划线词的意思是“失职” 。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures.”(但是现在，“森林栖息地创造项目”代表了一个被热烈讨论的新理由——砍伐森林对本土生物有利。)根据第四段“Nevertheless, Porter says, “Allowing some of the oldest standing trees in New England to be removed is equal to dereliction of duty on the part of the government, who sees the forests as commodities (商品).”(然而，波特说，“允许一些新英格兰最古老的现存树木被移除，等于是政府的失职，政府将森林视为商品。)可知，短文介绍了砍伐森林对野生动物有没有好处的问题。所以短文的最佳标题为“砍伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？”故选D项。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末） The Greek philosopher (哲学家) Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice, for you aren’t the same person at each visit, and the water is ever flowing. It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing. Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change. We deny it, resist (抵抗) it or attempt to control it, the result of which is almost always some combination of stress, anxiety and burnout. It doesn’t have to be that way. No doubt, change can, and often does, hurt. But with the right mind-set, it can also be a force for growth. It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter. Like it or not, life is change. We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead. A concept called “allostasis” can help. Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer, allostasis is defined as “stability through change”. In other words, the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing, at least to some extent. From neuroscience to pain science and psychology, allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community. The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections. Overcoming pain, be it physical or psychological, is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation. It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to a new normal. Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now. Over the past few years, the river of change has been flowing mercilessly, and it shows no signs of letting up. Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media, a new technology that may be far more powerful, artificial intelligence, is being widely used. It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t. Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction. 1．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．We could have a right mind-set. B．Philosophy exists everywhere. C．Some people are wiser than others. D．Change is unavoidable in life. 2．How should we deal with changes according to the author? A．Pay no attention to them. B．Participate in them. C．Fight against them. D．Put them under control. 3．What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Slowing down. B．Setting off. C．Turning up. D．Putting down. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Can’t We Stop Changes in Life? B．How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction? C．Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change. D．Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了我们为什么要适应，以及如何适应生活中的变化。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.(这是一个强有力的方式来代表现实，一切都在不断变化。)”可知，第一段描述了生活中变化是不可避免的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t. (就像我们的朋友Heraclitus建议的那样：专注于我们能控制的事情，努力放弃我们不能控制的事情来参与改变。)”可知，根据作者的观点，为了应对变化，我们应该参与其中。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“Over the past few years, the river of change has been flowing mercilessly, and it shows no signs of (在过去的几年里，变化的河流无情地流淌着，而且没有任何……的迹象。)”可知，变化的河流无情地流淌着，没有任何减缓的迹象，从而推知划线部分意思是“慢下来，减缓”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t. Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.(就像我们的朋友Heraclitus建议的那样：通过专注于我们能控制的事情努力放下我们不能控制的事情，来参与改变。我们应对这些变化的能力与我们的生活满意度直接相关。)”可知，本文主要讲述了我们应积极改变自己，适应改变，平衡接受与解决问题，努力向前，才能拥有更幸福的生活，C选项“让我们用变化来改变我们的关系”符合题意。故选C项。。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期末） Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play, catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, extra learning trials (尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception (例外) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development. 1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．People remember well what they learned in childhood. B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D．Stories for children are easy to remember. 2．The author explains the law of overlearning by ________. A．presenting research findings B．setting down general rules C．making a comparison D．using examples 3．What does the word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Commonly accepted rules. B．The multiplication tables. C．Things easily forgotten. D．School subjects. 4．What is the author’s opinion on cramming? A．It’s helpful only in a limited way. B．It leads to failure in college exams. C．It’s possible to result in poor memory. D．It increases students’ learning interest. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，本文主要讲述了过度学习，并列举了多个有关的事例来证明过度学习的学习效果和作用。 1．主旨大意题。根据本段第一句"Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since．"可知，本段讲述的是人们经常能够记住我们小时候所学的内容，接下来还举了另外几个例子来说明。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段"In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them（在童年时代，我们通常会在学会游泳、骑自行车和打棒球等技能后很长时间内继续练习）"可知作者是通过举例说明的方法来解释过度学习的原理的，故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据上文"The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we over learn in childhood"可知，乘法口诀也是过度学习的一个结果，因此这里"they是指代"乘法口诀表"，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段The law of overlearning explains why cramming for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.（过度学习的法则解释了为什么为了考试而死记硬背，虽然可能会导致及格，却不是一种令人满意的学习大学课程的方法。通过死记硬背，一个学生可能把这门课学得足够好，可以通过考试，但他很可能很快就会忘记他所学的几乎所有东西。）可知作者认为突击学习的效果只能延续很短的时间，所以说只在有限的方面起作用,故选A。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁省沈阳·期末） If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional roller-coaster that comes with sports spectatorship (观看). Whether you’re part of a buzzing crowd in a stadium or watching a game at home on TV, it’s easy to get caught up in the highs and lows as you celebrate your favorite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports also be beneficial for you? The evidence suggests that people who watch live sporting events experience greater well-being than those who don’t. A study published in Frontiers in Public Health by Anglia Ruskin University in the UK found that sports spectators felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction, and this contributes to forging group identity and belonging.” But, if for any reason you aren’t keen on going to live events, don’t worry! Watching sports on TV or on the internet may also have positive effects, according to a study by Tsuji and colleagues. They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms than those who didn’t. On top of that, sports spectators tended to have richer social networks than non-spectators. The authors suggest that the social networks gained through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms. Cheering at sports events and discussing teams with friends promotes unity, reducing loneliness and depression, showing that sports’ health benefits extend beyond physical activity to include social bonding and overall well-being. 1．Why does the author mention Croatia’s study? A．To offer an evidence. B．To present an example. C．To describe a finding. D．To lead into a topic. 2．What does the underlined word “forging” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Shaping. B．Mending. C．Breaking. D．Predicting. 3．What do Tsuji and colleagues advise people to do? A．Stream sports matches. B．Play sports in person. C．Expand social networks. D．Promote sports awareness. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．How Risky Is Watching Live Sports? B．What Is the Secret to Sports Spectatorship? C．Is Watching Sports Good for Your Well-being? D．Does Watching Sports Increase Depressive Symptoms? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了观看体育比赛是否有利于健康。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports also be beneficial for you? (事实上，这些感受如此强烈，以至于克罗地亚一项在PubMed上发表的研究显示，观看足球比赛时的情绪压力会增加心血管事件发生的风险。但是，观看体育比赛也会对你有益吗？)”可知，作者提到克罗地亚的研究是为了引出话题，即观看体育比赛是否也有好处。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction, and this contributes to forging group identity and belonging. (观看各种类型的体育直播为社会互动提供了许多机会，这有助于forging群体认同和归属感。)”可知，观看各种现场体育比赛提供了许多社交互动的机会，这有助于塑造群体认同感和归属感。因此，forging在此处的意思是“塑造，形成”，与选项A“Shaping.(塑造)”相符。故选A。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Watching sports on TV or on the internet may also have positive effects, according to a study by Tsuji and colleagues. (根据Tsuji及其同事的一项研究，通过电视或互联网观看体育比赛也可能产生积极影响。)”可知，Tsuji和他的同事们建议人们通过流媒体直播观看体育比赛。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Whether you’re part of a buzzing crowd in a stadium or watching a game at home on TV, it’s easy to get caught up in the highs and lows as you celebrate your favorite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports also be beneficial for you? (无论是在体育场内置身于熙熙攘攘的人群中，还是在家通过电视观看比赛，当你为自己喜爱的球队或运动员加油时，都很容易陷入情绪的高涨与低落之中。事实上，这些感受如此强烈，以至于克罗地亚一项在PubMed上发表的研究显示，观看足球比赛时的情绪压力会增加心血管事件发生的风险。但是，观看体育比赛也会对你有益吗？)”和最后一段中“Cheering at sports events and discussing teams with friends promotes unity, reducing loneliness and depression, showing that sports’ health benefits extend beyond physical activity to include social bonding and overall well-being. (在体育赛事中欢呼并与朋友讨论球队促进了团结，减少了孤独感和抑郁情绪，这表明体育带来的健康益处不仅限于身体活动，还包括社交联系和整体幸福感。)”可知，文章主要讨论的是观看体育比赛是否有利于健康，所以最好的标题是“Is Watching Sports Good for Your Well-being? (看体育运动对你的健康有好处吗？)”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours, where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 1．What can we learn about historical buildings from paragraph 1? A．All of them are not attractive. B．Most of them are hard to preserve. C．People want to preserve the historic feel. D．They are more pleasing than modern ones. 2．When it comes to the coexistence of old buildings and new ones, A．the author is doubtful about it. B．the author is unclear about it. C．the author firmly believes that the old have to give way to the new. D．the author is in favor of it. 3．What is the the duty of the architect and planner implied in the passage? A．Destroy old buildings. B．Put things in a different place. C．Choose new architectural styles. D．Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To instruct. B．To argue. C．To warn. D．To educate. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久地区的老建筑旁边。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.(并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力)”可知，并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力，由此可知，从第1段中我们可以了解到不是所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.(在我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存)”可知，作者认为新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存，由此可知，作者对新旧建筑共存的态度是赞成的。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves.(如果我们总是复制以前的样子，我们都仍然会住在洞穴里)”可知，作者认为如果我们不选择新的建筑样式，总是复制以前的建筑风格，那么现在我们将仍然会住在洞穴里，由此可知，作者认为建筑师有责任选择新的建筑样式，推动建筑的发展。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?(我们是否应该允许在城市历史区的老建筑旁边建造现代建筑？)”可知，文章主要针对现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区进行了争论，由此可知，文章主要目的是争论现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区。故选B项。 Passage 3 （22-23高一上·吉林·期末） Conflict (冲突) between teenagers and parents happens for a lot of reasons. Sometimes conflict happens between teenagers and parents just because conflict happens between human beings anyway. Humans have different needs, different feelings, different opinions about what they want, and the relationship with people can be really difficult. However, teenagers can cause further conflict because of the hormonal (生理的) changes that are happening and the stage of life that they're in. Teenagers and parents have different understanding about rules and at times they find it difficult to look into the future. So parents and teenagers will often experience conflict about many things. From chores, homework, whether teenagers speak respectfully or not, about what they're allowed to do - these are all the kinds of things that I hear teenagers and parents tell me about. Before we think about rule boundaries (界线) for teenagers, we need to make sure that we have a really good relationship base. There's no point saying “From now on, you have to listen to me”: if you don't have a positive relationship with your teenager. We need to go back and make sure there is some degree of shared respect, and some degree of positive communication and enjoyment being together. you do that first, it means that rule boundaries are a lot easier to set up. Often we're dealing with conflict on the fly. This is not the right time to be dealing with it. We really want parents and teenagers to sit down and think about the kinds of things that may happen in the house before the problems come. The more detailed your rule boundaries are for teenagers, the more likely it is that they are going to follow them. So this means we don't have rule boundaries like “Have the bathroom cleaned”. It needs to be “The floors mopped, nothing on the countertop and the mirrors cleaned by ten o'clock every Saturday”: Rule boundaries need to be written down, and set out ahead of time so the teenager knows exactly what's expected. 1．What's important to set up a rule boundary easily for teenagers? A．Being strict from the start. B．Developing a good relationship with them first. C．Saying"No" to their requirements. D．Avoiding close talks with them. 2．Which of the following rules are teenagers most likely to follow? A．Doing some housework. B．Having a good reading habit. C．Cleaning the bathroom. D．Finishing your homework by five. 3．What do the underlined words "on the fly" in the last paragraph probably mean? A．In a hurry. B．On the plane. C．By oneself. D．Another day. 4．What's the best title for the text? A．Growing Pains B．Teenage Problems C．Parent-Child Conflict and Solutions D．Knowing the Conflict 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述青少年和父母之间发生的冲突及解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Before we think about rule boundaries (界线) for teenagers, we need to make sure that we have a really good relationship base. There's no point saying “From now on, you have to listen to me” (在我们考虑青少年的规则界限之前，我们需要确保我们有一个非常好的关系基础。说“从现在开始，你必须听我的”是没有意义的)”可知，家长与孩子后期建立规则界限的关键是跟孩子有良好的关系基石。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The more detailed your rule boundaries are for teenagers, the more likely it is that they are going to follow them. (你为青少年制定的规则越详细，他们就越有可能遵守这些规则。)”可知 D选项“5点前完成作业。”规则最详细，故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线词后“This is not the right time to be dealing with it. Were ally want parents and teenagers to sit down and think about the kinds of things that may happen in the house before the problems come. (现在不是处理这件事的时候。我们希望父母和青少年在问题出现之前坐下来想想家里可能发生的事情。)”可推断上文意思是我们经常在匆忙中处理冲突，所以画线词意思是“匆忙地”，和In a hurry的意思最为接近。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Conflict (冲突) between teenagers and parents happens for a lot of reasons. Sometimes conflict happens between teenagers and parents just because conflict happens between human beings anyway. Humans have different needs, different feelings, different opinions about what they want, and the relationship with people can be really difficult. However, teenagers can cause further conflict because of the hormonal (生理的) changes that are happening and the stage of life that they're in. (青少年和父母之间发生冲突的原因有很多。有时候青少年和父母之间会发生冲突，因为人类之间总是会发生冲突。人类有不同的需求，不同的感受，对自己想要的东西有不同的看法，与人的关系真的很困难。然而，由于正在发生的荷尔蒙变化和他们所处的人生阶段，青少年可能会引发进一步的冲突。)”可知文章主要讲述青少年和父母之间发生的冲突及解决方案。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁锦州·期末） One summer night in a seaside house, I was asleep. Suddenly, I felt myself lifted from bed and carried in my father’s arms out on to the beach. Overhead the stars were shining. “Watch!” As my father spoke, one of the stars flashed across the sky. And before the wonder of this could disappear, another star flashed, then another … “What is it?” I asked. “Falling stars. They come every year on a certain night in August. I thought you would like to see the show,” said my father. Many years have passed, but I still remember that night, because I was the lucky seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep. Once my father gave me Zuleika Dobson, Max Beerbohm’s classic story of undergraduate life at Oxford. I liked it, and told him so. “Why don’t you think about going there yourself?” he said. A few years later, with luck and a scholarship (奖学金), I did. My father had the gift of opening doors for his children, of leading them into areas of newness. Children are naturally curious and love to try new things. But someone must offer them the choices. Years ago, when the Quiz Kids were surprising American radio audiences with their brilliance (才华), a writer set out to discover what common characters there were in the backgrounds of these children. He found that some were from poor families, some from rich, some had been to super good schools, and some had not. But in every case there was at least one parent who shared something that the child was interested in, who gave encouragement and praise for achievement, who made a game of searching out the answers to questions. The most valuable thing parents can pass on to the next generation is not money or house, but a capacity (能力) for wonder and gratitude (感激), a sense of aliveness and joy. 1．What does the author do in the first two paragraphs? A．He shows how his father educated him. B．He looks back on the night when the stars fell. C．He describes his love for the seaside house. D．He expresses how much he missed his father. 2．What does the author think of his father? A．He loves to try new things. B．He is good at guiding him. C．He does so much for the family. D．He has a rich knowledge of literature. 3．What does the author mainly try to show through a writer’s discovery? A．Excellent children have some similar characters. B．Smart children have their own way of learning. C．Parents’ personality can affect their children greatly. D．Parents of excellent kids have something in common. 4．What could be a suitable title for the text? A．Parents are good teachers for their kids B．Childhood experiences can change one’s life C．Children can learn new skills from daily life D．Parents’ encouragement is important for a child Passage 2 （24-25高一上·内蒙古阿拉善盟·期末） I am Lucy, a 15-year-old girl from India and I think believing is a great power that can change anything in your life. When I was 13, almost everyone just thought I was a kid so I did not have to worry about anything. But that was not true because I was bored with everything I was learning. Besides, my mother didn’t understand me. When I was 14, things changed. My friend encouraged me to learn music and I just found out that I had a strong interest in music so I started spending much time on it. Soon I wanted to be a part of it. So I researched it and then I wanted to be a part of an academy(专科院校) that trains musicians. But the problem was that it was in a different country. Although my parents might not be on my side, I never gave up my dream. During the next year, I practised my skills in dancing, singing and flexibility. I was in senior high school and had to be a boarder(寄宿生). My mother made me focus on my study. But I was busy preparing for auditions(试镜) of that academy and I was doing everything I could to prove it. To get what I wanted, I had that academy’s photos all over my room and that city’s main monument on my phone’s wallpaper. After a year in 2022, I finally gave my best audition of that academy on the Internet and I got in! I was happy but sometimes I wondered whether my parents were going to agree to it or not, Fortunately, my parents agreed and I flew to that country to give the last phase of an interview to join that academy. I passed and later was sent there for training. It was not surprising that I finally got the chance to live in the city of my dream and train in the academy of my dream, as I believed everything was going to work out as long as I held on to my dream. 1．What can we infer about the 13-year-old Lucy? A．She had fun every day. B．Everyone supported her. C．She was unhappy with her life. D．A dream started in her heart. 2．Who first led Lucy to the musical path? A．Her teacher. B．Her mother. C．Her friend. D．Her father. 3．What played a key role in Lucy’s success? A．Her effort and determination. B．Her family background. C．Her curiosity about new things D．Her talent for performance. 4．What did Lucy think of attending her ideal academy? A．It was a stage to make her famous. B．It was within her expectation after hard work. C．It made her love her mother more. D．It was a new way to make friends. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁·期末） Being a vegetarian (素食者) in a meat-eating culture isn’t always easy. I always get asked, “Why? Since when? How come?” and “How can you stand not eating meat?” For me, being a vegetarian isn’t strange; it’s just who and what I am. I’m sick and tired of people judging (评价) me based on a personal choice that has nothing to do with them. Honestly, I could understand if my decision had an influence on their lives, but the thing is it doesn’t, so they should just get over it. If anything, more people should be vegetarians. It’s a fact that there are some health benefits connected with being a vegetarian. Some of these benefits include a lower risk of cancer, heart attacks, and high blood pressure. Being a vegetarian can help people live a longer life because they are eating healthily and not taking in the fat that can be found in non-vegetarian diets. While all diets need to be balanced, it is possible to get protein, minerals and nutrients from vegetable sources, though in lesser quantities (数量) . Vegetables, milk and eggs have all the requirements your body needs to survive. If you are creative, a vegetarian diet is far from boring. As vegetables come in a variety of types and tastes, they can be prepared and eaten in countless ways. There are so many vegetarian cookbooks, which shows this is a fact. You can also grow your own vegetables, which is very satisfying. I find it funny when people say that vegetarians do not get enough energy (能量) from their diet. My answer is to mention Dave Scott, the first person to win the IRONMAN World Championship. . . six times! Yes, surprise, surprise, at the time he was a vegetarian. Vegetarianism is better for the planet because the ecological footprint (生态足迹) of vegetarians is smaller. So next time you want to judge someone’s personal choice to go veggie, remember that they have their reasons, not the least of which are concerns for animals and the state of the planet. 1．How does the author feel about others’ opinions on his diet? A．He is angry with them. B．He is careful about them. C．He is doubtful about them. D．He is uninterested in them. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about a vegetarian diet? A．Its types. B．Its sources. C．Its popularity. D．Its advantages. 3．Why does the author mention Dave Scott in paragraph 5? A．To show what a vegetarian diet is. B．To suggest a vegetarian diet is healthy. C．To present a study on vegetarian diets. D．To explore why some athletes are vegetarians. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．My road to being a vegetarian. B．Never regret your own choice. C．Being a vegetarian is my choice. D．Misunderstandings about vegetarian diets. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末） When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 1．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 3．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 4．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·黑龙江·期末） Every year around August, millions of teens take their parents to stores to buy new clothes for the start of the school year. Not every parent can afford this, and some teens are forced to go to school in the same clothes they wore last year. The obvious differences in clothes cause differences among students. There is a simple solution to this problem:school uniforms (校服). I know from personal experience and surveys that wearing uniforms creates a sense of equality among peers (同龄人) . From sixth grade until I graduated from senior high school, I attended a school that required students to wear uniforms. The uniform was very simple:dark brown shoes, green-brown pants, and a white shirt. The uniform left little room for any kind of self-expression, especially through clothes. However, I learned how to stand out by expressing myself through my personality, art, and sports. I did not know I could draw until the sixth grade. I also would never have learned of my musical abilities if it hadn’t been for my desire to find ways to express myself. Uniforms taught me that I was myself, except what I wore. Uniforms also contribute to a much safer learning environment. I remember a man ran away from prison and wanted to hide in the gym of our school. Luckily, cameras all over the school quickly found the man not wearing our school uniforms. School officials kept the man locked inside our gym until the police came to take him back to prison. Uniforms help provide a better educational experience for all students no matter what race, culture, or economic class (经济阶层). 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By challenging others’ views. B．By presenting the writer’s puzzle. C．By describing a common problem. D．By sharing his parents’ experience. 2．What can we know about the writer in para. 3? A．He found new ways to express himself. B．He was more talented than other peers. C．He was unwilling to wear school uniforms. D．He made progress in academic performances. 3．Which of the following statements could the author agree with? A．Uniforms should be more modern. B．Uniforms are popular with teachers. C．Uniforms are bad for self-development. D．Uniforms provide equal education experience. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Well-Fitting Uniforms B．Lovely Uniforms Wearers C．Uniformity (规范性) Existing in Schools D．The Significance of School Uniforms 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （22-23高一上·吉林·期末） Coming upon a clear - cut in an old forest is a shocking experience. Tees large and small are collapsed one above the other in pile, and the ground is covered with the tracks of heavy machinery. Such was the scene when forest activist Zack Porter and I hiked a newly built logging (伐木) road in Green Mountain National Forest. Clear - cutting in the American forests has long been widespread. But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures. The thinking is that clear - cutting done wisely can mimic natural disturbances, for example, from insect invasions or from storms overturning older trees that produce what ecologists call Early Successional Habitats - places where young trees and bushes get the upper hand and animals that depend on such habitat thrive. The project also states that forests “can only be saved by being destroyed” - by keeping them young. Timber (木材) interests are enthusiastic about the approach because it lets them profit from cutting trees while claiming the significance of conservation. Hunting groups favor it because a younger, less thick forest makes it easier to find the game and birds they're tracking. Nevertheless, Porter says, “Allowing some of the oldest standing trees in New England to be removed is equal to dereliction of duty on the part of the government, who sees the forests as commodities (商品).” “Forests can produce clean water, clean air, carbon storage, and biodiversity that we need,” he continues as we walk among lovely mixed hardwoods and evergreens that are cut down for logging. “We shouldn't be removing them for short - term gain.” In this sense, Zack Porter's description of logging for wildlife for short - term gain - the short - term gain of favoring habitat for species people today want to see and hunt - is reasonable. 1．How does the author start the text? A．By presenting some ideas. B．By listing some evidence. C．By comparing different views. D．By stating his own experience. 2．Which argument does the Forest Habitat Creation Project hold? A．Profits can be made from logging. B．Clear - cutting is beneficial to the wildlife. C．The conservation of forest is of significance. D．Clear - cutting can cause natural disturbances. 3．What does the underlined word “dereliction” mean in paragraph 4? A．Fulfillment. B．Promise. C．Misconduct. D．Exposure. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A New Approach to Forest Protection B．A Hiking Experience in the Logging Road C．How to Build Early Successional Habitats? D．Is Clear - cutting Forests Good for Wildlife? 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末） The Greek philosopher (哲学家) Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice, for you aren’t the same person at each visit, and the water is ever flowing. It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing. Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change. We deny it, resist (抵抗) it or attempt to control it, the result of which is almost always some combination of stress, anxiety and burnout. It doesn’t have to be that way. No doubt, change can, and often does, hurt. But with the right mind-set, it can also be a force for growth. It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter. Like it or not, life is change. We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead. A concept called “allostasis” can help. Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer, allostasis is defined as “stability through change”. In other words, the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing, at least to some extent. From neuroscience to pain science and psychology, allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community. The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections. Overcoming pain, be it physical or psychological, is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation. It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to a new normal. Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now. Over the past few years, the river of change has been flowing mercilessly, and it shows no signs of letting up. Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media, a new technology that may be far more powerful, artificial intelligence, is being widely used. It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised: Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t. Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction. 1．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．We could have a right mind-set. B．Philosophy exists everywhere. C．Some people are wiser than others. D．Change is unavoidable in life. 2．How should we deal with changes according to the author? A．Pay no attention to them. B．Participate in them. C．Fight against them. D．Put them under control. 3．What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Slowing down. B．Setting off. C．Turning up. D．Putting down. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Can’t We Stop Changes in Life? B．How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction? C．Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change. D．Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis. Passage 2 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期末） Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play, catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, extra learning trials (尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception (例外) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development. 1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．People remember well what they learned in childhood. B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D．Stories for children are easy to remember. 2．The author explains the law of overlearning by ________. A．presenting research findings B．setting down general rules C．making a comparison D．using examples 3．What does the word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Commonly accepted rules. B．The multiplication tables. C．Things easily forgotten. D．School subjects. 4．What is the author’s opinion on cramming? A．It’s helpful only in a limited way. B．It leads to failure in college exams. C．It’s possible to result in poor memory. D．It increases students’ learning interest. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·辽宁省沈阳·期末） If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional roller-coaster that comes with sports spectatorship (观看). Whether you’re part of a buzzing crowd in a stadium or watching a game at home on TV, it’s easy to get caught up in the highs and lows as you celebrate your favorite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports also be beneficial for you? The evidence suggests that people who watch live sporting events experience greater well-being than those who don’t. A study published in Frontiers in Public Health by Anglia Ruskin University in the UK found that sports spectators felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction, and this contributes to forging group identity and belonging.” But, if for any reason you aren’t keen on going to live events, don’t worry! Watching sports on TV or on the internet may also have positive effects, according to a study by Tsuji and colleagues. They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms than those who didn’t. On top of that, sports spectators tended to have richer social networks than non-spectators. The authors suggest that the social networks gained through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms. Cheering at sports events and discussing teams with friends promotes unity, reducing loneliness and depression, showing that sports’ health benefits extend beyond physical activity to include social bonding and overall well-being. 1．Why does the author mention Croatia’s study? A．To offer an evidence. B．To present an example. C．To describe a finding. D．To lead into a topic. 2．What does the underlined word “forging” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Shaping. B．Mending. C．Breaking. D．Predicting. 3．What do Tsuji and colleagues advise people to do? A．Stream sports matches. B．Play sports in person. C．Expand social networks. D．Promote sports awareness. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．How Risky Is Watching Live Sports? B．What Is the Secret to Sports Spectatorship? C．Is Watching Sports Good for Your Well-being? D．Does Watching Sports Increase Depressive Symptoms? Passage 2 （24-25高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours, where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 1．What can we learn about historical buildings from paragraph 1? A．All of them are not attractive. B．Most of them are hard to preserve. C．People want to preserve the historic feel. D．They are more pleasing than modern ones. 2．When it comes to the coexistence of old buildings and new ones, A．the author is doubtful about it. B．the author is unclear about it. C．the author firmly believes that the old have to give way to the new. D．the author is in favor of it. 3．What is the the duty of the architect and planner implied in the passage? A．Destroy old buildings. B．Put things in a different place. C．Choose new architectural styles. D．Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To instruct. B．To argue. C．To warn. D．To educate. Passage 3 （22-23高一上·吉林·期末） Conflict (冲突) between teenagers and parents happens for a lot of reasons. Sometimes conflict happens between teenagers and parents just because conflict happens between human beings anyway. Humans have different needs, different feelings, different opinions about what they want, and the relationship with people can be really difficult. However, teenagers can cause further conflict because of the hormonal (生理的) changes that are happening and the stage of life that they're in. Teenagers and parents have different understanding about rules and at times they find it difficult to look into the future. So parents and teenagers will often experience conflict about many things. From chores, homework, whether teenagers speak respectfully or not, about what they're allowed to do - these are all the kinds of things that I hear teenagers and parents tell me about. Before we think about rule boundaries (界线) for teenagers, we need to make sure that we have a really good relationship base. There's no point saying “From now on, you have to listen to me”: if you don't have a positive relationship with your teenager. We need to go back and make sure there is some degree of shared respect, and some degree of positive communication and enjoyment being together. you do that first, it means that rule boundaries are a lot easier to set up. Often we're dealing with conflict on the fly. This is not the right time to be dealing with it. We really want parents and teenagers to sit down and think about the kinds of things that may happen in the house before the problems come. The more detailed your rule boundaries are for teenagers, the more likely it is that they are going to follow them. So this means we don't have rule boundaries like “Have the bathroom cleaned”. It needs to be “The floors mopped, nothing on the countertop and the mirrors cleaned by ten o'clock every Saturday”: Rule boundaries need to be written down, and set out ahead of time so the teenager knows exactly what's expected. 1．What's important to set up a rule boundary easily for teenagers? A．Being strict from the start. B．Developing a good relationship with them first. C．Saying"No" to their requirements. D．Avoiding close talks with them. 2．Which of the following rules are teenagers most likely to follow? A．Doing some housework. B．Having a good reading habit. C．Cleaning the bathroom. D．Finishing your homework by five. 3．What do the underlined words "on the fly" in the last paragraph probably mean? A．In a hurry. B．On the plane. C．By oneself. D．Another day. 4．What's the best title for the text? A．Growing Pains B．Teenage Problems C．Parent-Child Conflict and Solutions D．Knowing the Conflict / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $