专题07 阅读表达（期末真题汇编，北京专用）高三英语上学期

专题07 阅读表达 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市通州区·期末） 1+1=MORE (or LESS) Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is simply “It just does!” or “ Because I said so!”— an answer that frustrates children for generations. But rather than asking why one plus one is two, let's question if it's always true. Sometimes, one plus one equals more than two, for example, if two pairs of tennis players get together, there are more than two pairs because they can play in different combinations. If the first pair is A and B, and the second is C and D, the possible pairs are AB, AC, AD, BC, and CD — making six. Sometimes, one plus one equals just one, like when you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color, Math isn’t just about finding the right answer, it's about building solid reasoning. This is why children need to learn different "strategies" for the same problem. Though parents often wonder if they can do something one way, why they need to know all these other ways? But different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what you're doing is secure. Consider designing a jungle gym. We'd want to test it in every way to ensure it's safe — by jumping, swinging, or puling it apart — rather than simply trusting that it's well-built. The strength of math comes from questioning its framework so deeply. I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed. We should encourage curiosity and value those who pursue it, even when the journey is slow or uncertain. 1．According to the passage, when does one plus one equal just one? 2．What does the example of designing the jungle gym try to tell us? 3．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. >The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explore fixed answers. 4．When exploring answers or solutions, what quality/qualities do we need and why?(In about 40 words) Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石景山区·期末） We Need to Talk... and Write A recent survey conducted by UNESCO reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. Half of the 1,333 participants admitted to having poor verbal skills, while 40% struggled with written expressions. Poor education could be a cause of poor communication skills, but that may not explain everything. Most of the participants were well-educated individuals in their 20s and 30s, with over 60% holding a bachelor’s degree or higher. The problem more likely resulted from the rise of digital communication, with young people now preferring texting short messages, which may limit their ability to engage in meaningful conversations and write complete sentences. Effective verbal and written communication skills are essential both in school and in the workplace. Warren Buffett, a famous investor, always urges young people to learn public speaking. It may be scary to speak in front of a group, but it boosts confidence. Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is known for valuing the written word. He replaces PowerPoint presentations in meetings with “six-page, narratively-structured (叙事结构)” memos. Meetings start with each attendee sitting and silently reading a memo for the first 30 minutes. The decline in communication skills is a worldwide problem. In America, there is a movement among “homeschoolers” to. try to solve the problem by returning to ancient educational wisdom, the “Trivium”, which dates back to medieval times in Europe. The word comes from Latin and means “where three roads meet.” The subjects — the “three roads” — are grammar, rhetoric and logic. Grammar means learning how to write a complete and accurate sentence. Rhetoric is the use of similes (明喻), metaphors (暗喻) and other grammatical devices. And logic is the use of reason to discover what is true or not true, or what can be proved or disproved. Whether such classical education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen, but it offers a glimmer of hope in this challenging situation. 1．What does the survey conducted by UNESCO reveal? 2．What is the main reason for young people’s poor communication skills? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in America, and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. 4．Besides the methods mentioned in the passage, what other ways would you use to improve your writing skills? (In about 40 words) 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市顺义区·期末） When I got my first research project to work as an undergraduate, I was so excited that I could hardly think. My excitement, though, was soon cut short when my professor asked me to write a research paper on the project. My body tensed. Writing was the last thing I wanted to do. I hated writing in high school. It felt like wandering in a chaotic jungle, unsure where to reach next. My teachers would return my papers littered with red. In college, I studied engineering. I took comfort there, knowing objective truth could be found. The professor assigned me a project to improve the efficiency of an inductor (感应器). I spent weeks setting up a test for a new design. The results weren’t good. I kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with researchers. Finally, we had one. I was overjoyed — until my professor told me to write that research paper. I knew I would need to spend time penning papers. In a panic, I asked a graduate student for help. We defined a goal, and I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper covered in red marks. The graduate student explained that red didn’t mean I was a bad writer. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing. It requires revising your work, often several times. Suddenly it occurred to me, “Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was searching for an efficient inductor design?” I kept refining the outline, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback from others. My initial draft wasn’t perfect. But with help, I was finally making my way through the jungle. From then on, writing became one of my favorite parts of research, and it still is today. It’s a future I never could have imagined during my early struggles with English classes. But I came around. All it took was some trial and error. 1．Why was the author’s excitement cut short when asked to write a research paper? 2．What did the author do when the test results of a new design were not good? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. After writing the research paper, the author thought that writing was different from searching for an efficient inductor design. 4．What do you think of “red marks” in your life? (In about 40 words) Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市房山区·期末） Being an introvert (内向的人), I feared nothing more than stepping outside of my safe little bubble. But things took an interesting turn in my second year of college when I had to take a public speaking class. At first, I thought, “Wow, what am I doing?” However, that summer, I learned to gradually expose myself to stress and anxiety. Roughly seven speeches later, I broke out of my shell and became a whole new version of myself. What I want to emphasize from my story is that it’s not enough to just step outside our comfort zones. We must live outside them. You may be asking, “How do I start living outside of my comfort zone?” The answer I would personally give is “baby steps”. Consider breaking up routines and habits, for instance. Even doing something as small as trying a new flavor of your favorite snack can start the process. Then, sample a new snack. After that, order something different for lunch. Finally, you get the idea. That same mentality can be applied to anything under the sun. The possibilities are endless, and trust me, once you start finding your rhythm, you’ll find it gets progressively easier to try new things. Above all, remember that any step is still a step. Don’t feel discouraged that you aren’t doing as much as you should, or that you’ re not moving as quickly as someone else. Everyone has it in them to take action and live outside their comfort zones. Do what is right for you. Sometimes, you will need to push yourself. However, pushing yourself too hard will only make you pull back and become overly cautious. After all, the final goal is to find a happy balance between comfort and discomfort, between safety and risk. 1．What happened to the author after about seven speeches? 2．What is the author’s advice on how to start living outside the comfort zone? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. →To live outside your comfort zone, you will need to push yourself at all times. 4．Please share one of your experiences about living outside the comfort zone. (In about 40 words) 主题03 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun (双关语)—The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. When it comes to achieving success, there’s no denying that teamwork plays a crucial role. We’ve all been there-group projects at school, working with colleagues at the office or playing sports with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets goals based on outcomes and results to complete its tasks. It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed. Mostly, in typical workplace culture, being focus on individual pursuits is considered plain selfish, but is supporting individuals in their own pursuits really anti-team? Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business School did research, demonstrating the benefits of giving employees paid time to follow their own individual pursuits. Since then, some notable companies have introduced unstructured time into their workplaces. Globally, 85% of employees are disengaged in their work. In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. When teams understand what matters to the individuals within them, they are able to better empathize with each other and have each others’ backs. There is an “I” in team and when we start to implement programs that support individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are more creative, more engaged and more productive. 1．What idea does the idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” highlight? 2．Why is it important to put “I” back into team? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. 4．As an individual, how can you play your role in a team? Passage 2 （23-24学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） Egocentrism is the inability to accurately understand any perspective other than one’s own. To those who are egocentric, there are two types of opinions: “mine and the wrong ones”. Egocentrism is very unpleasant. Suffering from it, people often find themselves in a situation of conflict or loneliness because they do not recognize the rights of others to their personal feelings, desires, and interests. They also fail to look at circumstances from the other person’s side. Humanity must overcome it to see a holistic (全面的) picture of the world and objectively assess situations. It is essential to be a fair-minded individual since egocentrism is a quality that is not easy to live with, making it hard for us to interact with people and move forward. Actually, overcoming this disturbing quality has always been my pursuit. The main goal in my life is based on the search for inner balance, harmony, positivity, and the right attitude to life cases. Thus, I will be able to improve my life and help other people in the practice of this aspect. Moreover, I often remind myself to accept differences and remember that a correct attitude to different personalities, their preferences, and interests leads to success in any tasks. The formation and development of a fair mind can be practiced almost everywhere. For example, in a grocery store, we need to put ourselves in the place of the seller’s and should not immediately take offense and argue when we are given an unripe banana or burnt bread. It is important to remember that a seller is not obliged to play along at all; this is the same person with his unique nature. Not everyone agrees with everyone else, but if you absolutely refuse to consider another person’s perspective, that’s when egocentrism becomes a serious concern. So why not try to correct this behavior and be more fair-minded? 1．What is egocentrism? 2．Why does egocentrism often lead to conflicts? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Egocentrism becomes a problem when someone doesn’t agree with others. 4．Please share one of your own experiences about your practicing being fair-minded. (In about 40 words) 主题04 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） We often seek fulfilling relationships for happiness, yet forget it lies within us. But have you ever wondered that with so many advocates of self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? Self-love is the root of all your healthy relationships. The stronger your roots are, the more difficult it will be for winds to knock down the branches. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters. Since relying on others’ care is impractical, only we can provide the best care for ourselves. Self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Actually, self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. First of all, self-love empowers us to define relationship boundaries. Knowing our worth enables us to tell what we’ll accept, having a clear grasp of our needs, values, and limits. For example, an efficient administrative assistant is often asked by colleagues to handle all the paperwork and scheduling tasks. But with self-love, she knows to balance her own core work and personal development. She offers reasonable assistance, not taking on the entire workload, setting boundaries as she understands her value and the importance of a balanced team. Moreover, self-love is vital in conflict resolution in a relationship. When people truly love themselves, they have a healthier understanding of everything. They have more confidence and self-esteem to be able to voice their opinions. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. Ultimately, self-love is the compass guiding us to personal satisfaction and harmonious connections. Cultivating this love paves the way for balanced, respectful relationships, enriching our lives and those around us. 1．What is the nature of self-love? 2．What are the key elements of self-love according to the passage? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. 4．How can self-love benefit you in your daily life?(In about 40 words) Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市昌平区·期末） There’s a lot of fear around spending time alone. Recent articles and studies warn us about the dangers of loneliness, as it may increase risks of anxiety and depression. Yet, not all loneliness is a health issue. There’s chronic (长期的) loneliness — and there’s solitude. This is a helpful distinction. Chronic loneliness occurs when there is unhappiness about a lack of closeness or a perceived sense of social isolation. While solitude is a state of being free of the demands of others. We do so many activities alone that don’t come with shame or dangers of chronic loneliness — reading a book, doing an art project, or cooking a meal. This kind of alone time is comforting and important. Yet people don’t know how to make use of solitude. As a result, some would rather stay in bad relationships or surround themselves with friends even though their energy is run out. I am a believer in finding your best solitude style. One way is to spend some quality time with yourself. For instance, you can watch a movie alone or go for a running. Engaging in activities that make you feel connected with others — like writing letters to a close friend — can also be a beautiful way to enjoy solitude. Solitude is like any other social interaction. When you establish delicious moments for just you, you get to be the unique architect of your experience. There can be a certain air of romance to the time you give yourself. 1．Why is loneliness dangerous? 2．What is solitude? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Some people choose to stay in bad relationships or hang out with friends even though they feel exhausted because they run out of energy. 4．Which solitude style mentioned in the passage do you prefer, and why? (In about 40 words) 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市东城区·期末） Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 1．What does “nomophobia” refer to? 2．Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. 4．Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） If you’ve recently taken a flight from a major UK airport, then you may have noticed that more people are protesting air travel expansion and encouraging people to fly less. This is part of a larger environmental movement sweeping across Europe. Known as Flygskam or “flight-shaming”, the movement is encouraging people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can. The aviation (航空) currently accounts for about 2% of global emissions (排放) and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, unlike most other sources of pollution, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere. Earlier this year, the UK government promised to reduce the UK’s emissions to “net zero” by 2050. However, according to projections from some researchers, emissions from the aviation could more than double by then even if planes become substantially more fuel-efficient. So, it’s unclear whether flying will be included in the UK’s target. It’s hard to say exactly how big the movement is becoming, but Flygskam has become popular in social media. The number of Swedes taking the train for domestic journeys has risen by 8% this year as plane journeys inside the country have fallen. Clearly, Flygskam is having a measurable impact on people’s transport choices. Some people, however, have been critical of the movement because they say that it places blame or feelings of embarrassment onto the passengers when it is really the airlines and industries associated with it who should feel guilty for the impact that they are having on the planet. 1．What is Flygskam? 2．How does flying influence the environment? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Flygskam has attracted social attention and some people have already participated in this campaign, so it is widely accepted. 4．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you think of the movement of Flygskam? (In about 40 words) 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市朝阳区·期末） Jokes and humor are often considered unimportant. This is understandable: they are, by definition, not serious. Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. For example, they can stimulate blood circulation and aid muscle relaxation, both of which can help reduce stress. But why do we respond, in powerful and rewarding ways, to things that are objectively meaningless? Scientists have spent years studying how humor works in the brain and on the various types of jokes that produce it. Puns, the most familiar type of jokes, are where specific elements of language convey different meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” “Here, hole in one” has two possible interpretations: one pair is damaged or someone’s ball goes into the hole the first time he hit it. We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. Therefore, the brain’s humor processes are still engaged. How does humor arise from the brain? Our brains have developed a system to recognize when things don’t match expectations. If normality is overturned, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates tension. However, the system that recognizes incongruity (不一致) also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, easing the tension. After that, we learn something new and expand our mental model, experiencing a rewarding feeling. Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences. If the incongruity is not resolved, humor is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers?” is “in case the metal eagle that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. This would explain why unreal humor is often hard to get right. 1．What is the benefit of jokes and humor? 2．Why can people recognize the humor in puns? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. 4．Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor? (In about 40 words) Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石朝阳区·期末） My path was long to recognizing my vocation (职业) , much longer than it had to be. My parents were professors of engineering. Science was the horizon of possibility in my family; nothing else counted or even existed. No matter how much I loved to read and write, it never occurred to me to major in anything else. I had been curious about biology and psychology in high school, so when I knew Columbia offered a joint major in the two fields, I chose it on the spot. The feeling, other than excitement, was one of relief. I couldn’t bear the uncertainty that college represented. Instead of opening options up, I needed to shut them down. I had locked up three-quarters of my courses for the next four years, and I hadn’t even gone to a single class. There was no one there to stop me. I would mope (消沉) in the back of those lectures, reading a novel behind my notebook, unaware of the fact that I was trying to tell myself something. I don’t know exactly when things went wrong with my chosen course of study. By the time I realized that I should have been an English major, it was too late to make the switch. I ended up working in a tiny nonprofit that meant nothing to me, with no idea where I should go next. And then I happened to be visiting a friend in architecture school. She wasn’t happy, either; her program was way too pretentious and theoretical. We were walking along and she said, “I have to get out of graduate school. ” And I immediately thought “I have to go to graduate school. ” Meaning, I’ll never be happy until I give myself the chance to study English literature after all. Meaning, it’s not too late - I’m not going to let it be too late. Everything was suddenly clear and calm. It wasn’t easy getting in at that point. But for the first time in a long while, I performed at the top of my ability. I’d study for eighty hours a week and I had never been happier. 1．What family factor (s) influenced the author’s choice of major? 2．What did the author realize at college? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author was determined to get into graduate school because his friend persuaded him to do so. 4．What have you learned from the author’s experience of choosing a major in college? (In about 40 words) 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） At the airport recently, I witnessed a moment of unexpected joy. A one-year-old boy, still mastering his wobbly (摇晃的) first steps, toddled (蹒跚行走) with fierce determination, his little legs working hard to find balance. His mom, glowing with pride, shared that he had just started walking. Each time he fell, he sprang right back up — and something beautiful happened. Strangers — young and old, from every background and corner of life — began cheering him on, united in encouragement for this tiny explorer. In that brief moment, we came together to celebrate something simple yet profound: the beauty of progress. This got me thinking: When did we stop cheering for the “wobbles” in our own lives? When did we start treating every fall as a failure instead of an essential step forward? As adults, we often lose sight of how important it is to celebrate small wins. We wait for the big milestones — a promotion, a degree, or a major achievement — before we allow ourselves (and others) to feel worthy of applause. But research shows that it’s the little victories, the everyday progress, that drive motivation and long-term success. In their research on creativity and motivation, Harvard Business School professor Teresa Amabile and psychologist Steven Kramer developed what they call The Progress Principle. Their studies revealed that one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. Even seemingly minor accomplishments can cause a positive emotional response that boosts motivation and enhances performance. Small wins, Amabile explains, create an “upward progression.” Each little victory reinforces our belief that progress is possible, even when the final goal feels distant. The problem is that, as adults, we often dismiss small wins as insignificant. Instead of celebrating small moments of progress, we focus on how far we still have to go, leaving us feeling stuck and unmotivated. This brings us back to the toddler at the airport. Every stumble (蹒跚) he made wasn’t met with criticism or a strict reminder of how much more he had to learn — it was met with cheers and encouragement. Imagine how different our lives might feel if we celebrated each other, and ourselves, the way we cheered for that toddler: for trying, for wobbling, and for getting back up. 1．What did the strangers at the airport come together to celebrate as the little boy tried to walk? 2．According to the author, how do adults often treat small wins? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation is achieving major breakthroughs. 4．Give one example of your real-life “wobbles”. (In about 40 words) 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市东城区·期末） My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor. When I was young, I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay he used in his work. But I didn’t have the patience for the firm clay and quickly gave up. Now, as a clinical psychologist, I see so many people who don’t have the ability to wait, and it is no wonder. In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly, why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns? However, learning how to wait is good for us. Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn to sculpt, I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility — being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it comes to mental health. For many of us, the challenge is that being patient now feels harder than ever before. “We’ re not getting the same opportunities to practice waiting as we used to,” says Michel Dugas, a professor. Waiting patiently is so difficult that we often react by doing things that actually make us more impatient, like constantly checking our phones for updates or seeking reassurance from everyone we know.. “Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible, which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations, contributing to worry and anxiety,” says Dugas. But it is possible to develop patience — the ability to regulate your emotions in the face of delays, frustration, adversity and suffering. In my own experience, I’ve found that slowing my breathing, loosening my grip and relaxing my face can help counter impatience — for instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it comes to more significant setbacks, I remind myself of Salzberg, a writer. “There are so many times in my life where I think nothing’s happening for me,” says Salzberg. “Then I look back and say, ’Oh how about that, I was actually planting a seed that I couldn’t have guessed.’ So sometimes I just remind myself that even if I don’t know what it is right now, there is a bigger picture.” 1．Why does the author think people don’t have the ability to wait? 2．What has the author come to realize since missing his chance to learn to sculpt? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations. 4．How do you overcome impatience in life? (In about 40 words) Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） The Cambridge Dictionary defines curiosity as “an eager wish to know or learn about something” which comes in various types. Ian Leslie, in his book Curious, outlines three types: “adventurous curiosity”, the desire to explore new places and people; “intellectual curiosity”, the deep dive you take when finding out about a particular topic; and “empathetic curiosity”, the wanting to find out more about the people around us. As children, we bubble over with curiosity. However, as we grow up, it can fade. Worse, we can come to believe that it’s a bad thing. After all, didn’t it kill the cat? Neuroscience suggests one explanation for this decline. Brains in early childhood possess great plasticity and lay down lots of neural pathways based on the information we gather from all that curious exploring and experimenting. However, as we grow older, our brains lose some of that flexibility. And we rely on those earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before. It’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. Whatever underlies our shrinking curiosity, research repeatedly shows that we’d be better off continuing to cultivate it. Curiosity is linked to lower levels of anxiety, a greater satisfaction in life, achieving academically, building empathy and improved relationships. It also protects brain health through staying mentally active by trying something new. These positive effects of curiosity are deeply intertwined with our brain’s chemical responses. Research shows that brain’s dopamine system is activated when something novel happens. Rather than produce pleasure, dopamine actually stimulates our longing to continue the activity, in this case the desire to find out more. It’s easy to see how this brain chemistry has helped us. Curiosity has motivated our ancestors to question, experiment and learn, leading us out of the Stone Age to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age and, finally, to the Information Age. It has sparked our greatest achievements and discoveries and continues in our personal lives to bring greater contentment. So, perhaps the cat was simply unlucky, because for us humans, curiosity continues to be essential, both to our survival and our ability to flourish. 1．What are the three types of curiosity according to Ian Leslie? 2．Why do we rely on earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. 4．How do you develop your curiosity? (In about 40 words) Passage 3 （23-24学年高三上·北京市房山区·期末） When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively. The remarkable memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were first documented in 1900 by the German psychologist Georg Elias Muller and his student Alfons Pilzecker. In one of their many experiments on memory consolidation, Muller and Pilzecker first asked their participants to learn a list of meaningless syllables. Following a short study period, half the group were immediately given a second list to learn—while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing. When tested one-and-a-half hours later, the two groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall. The participants given the break remembered nearly 50% of their list, compared to an average of 28%for the group who had been given no time to recharge their mental batteries. The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information. Taking regular periods of rest, without distraction, could help us all hold onto new material a little more firmly. After all, for many students, the 10-30% improvements recorded in some studies could mark the difference between A grade or B．“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” In the age of information overload, it’s worth remembering that our smartphones aren’t the only thing that needs a regular recharge, our minds clearly do too. 1．According to the first paragraph, what is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material? 2．What did Georg and Alfons’ finding suggest? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks while taking exams. 4．Besides boosting your memory, what else can you do to improve your academic (学业的) performance? (In about 40 words) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读表达 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市通州区·期末） 1+1=MORE (or LESS) Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is simply “It just does!” or “ Because I said so!”— an answer that frustrates children for generations. But rather than asking why one plus one is two, let's question if it's always true. Sometimes, one plus one equals more than two, for example, if two pairs of tennis players get together, there are more than two pairs because they can play in different combinations. If the first pair is A and B, and the second is C and D, the possible pairs are AB, AC, AD, BC, and CD — making six. Sometimes, one plus one equals just one, like when you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color, Math isn’t just about finding the right answer, it's about building solid reasoning. This is why children need to learn different "strategies" for the same problem. Though parents often wonder if they can do something one way, why they need to know all these other ways? But different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what you're doing is secure. Consider designing a jungle gym. We'd want to test it in every way to ensure it's safe — by jumping, swinging, or puling it apart — rather than simply trusting that it's well-built. The strength of math comes from questioning its framework so deeply. I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed. We should encourage curiosity and value those who pursue it, even when the journey is slow or uncertain. 1．According to the passage, when does one plus one equal just one? 2．What does the example of designing the jungle gym try to tell us? 3．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. >The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explore fixed answers. 4．When exploring answers or solutions, what quality/qualities do we need and why?(In about 40 words) 【答案】1．When you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color. 2．The example tries to tell us that different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what we're doing is secure. 3．The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explorefixed answers. According to the passage, the strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the author thinks that math should be a place to pose questions and explore answers rather than a place with fixed answers. 4．When exploring answers or solutions, we need curiosity and an open mind. On the one hand, curiosity drives us to raise questions and seek knowledge for better solutions. And an open mind enables us to consider various possibilities and perspectives, which can enhance our motivation for further exploration with the fuel of curiosity. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了数学中 “1+1 是否总是等于 2” 的问题，指出数学不仅是寻找正确答案，更是建立可靠推理的过程，强调数学应是一个能提出问题并探索答案的地方，鼓励人们保持好奇心和开放的心态。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Sometimes, one plus one equals just one, like when you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color(有时，一加一等于一，就像当你合并两堆沙子或混合两种颜色时，就只有一堆沙子或一种颜色了)”可知，当合并两堆沙子或混合两种颜色时，一加一等于一。故填When you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors, there's only one pile or one color. 2．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Though parents often wonder if they can do something one way, why they need to know all these other ways? But different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what you're doing is secure. Consider designing a jungle gym. We'd want to test it in every way to ensure it's safe — by jumping, swinging, or pulling it apart — rather than simply trusting that it's well-built. (尽管父母常常想知道如果他们能用一种方式做某件事，为什么还需要知道所有其他方式呢？但是不同的思维方式会带来更深入的理解，并提供更多方法来检查你正在做的事情是否可靠。考虑设计一个儿童游乐场。我们会想用各种方式来测试它以确保它是安全的 —— 通过跳跃、荡秋千或把它拆开 —— 而不是仅仅相信它建造得很好)”可推知，设计儿童游乐场的例子是为了表明不同的思维方式会带来更深入的理解，并提供更多方法来检查所做事情的可靠性。故填The example tries to tell us that different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what we're doing is secure. 3．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“The strength of math comes from questioning its framework so deeply.(数学的力量来自于对其框架的深刻质疑)”以及根据最后一段 “I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed.(我希望数学应该被看作是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个答案固定的地方)”可推知，“数学是一个探索固定答案的地方” 这一观点与作者想法不符，是错误的。故 “explore fixed answers” 错误，原因是：数学的力量在于质疑它的框架，所以数学应该是探索固定答案的地方。根据文章，数学的力量在于质疑它的框架，所以作者认为数学应该是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个固定答案的地方。故填The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explore fixed answers. According to the passage, the strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the author thinks that math should be a place to pose questions and explore answers rather than a place with fixed answers. 4．开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如根据最后一段“I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed. We should encourage curiosity and value those who pursue it, even when the journey is slow or uncertain.(我希望数学应该被视为一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个固定答案的地方。我们应该鼓励好奇心，重视那些追求好奇心的人，即使旅程缓慢或不确定)”可知，在探索答案或解决方案时，我们需要好奇心和开放的心态。一方面，好奇心驱使我们提出问题并寻求知识，以找到更好的解决方案。另一方面，开放使我们能够考虑各种可能性和观点，从而在好奇心的推动下增强我们进一步探索的动力。故填 When exploring answers or solutions, we need curiosity and an open mind. On the one hand, curiosity drives us to raise questions and seek knowledge for better solutions. And an open mind enables us to consider various possibilities and perspectives, which can enhance our motivation for further exploration with the fuel of curiosity. Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石景山区·期末） We Need to Talk... and Write A recent survey conducted by UNESCO reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. Half of the 1,333 participants admitted to having poor verbal skills, while 40% struggled with written expressions. Poor education could be a cause of poor communication skills, but that may not explain everything. Most of the participants were well-educated individuals in their 20s and 30s, with over 60% holding a bachelor’s degree or higher. The problem more likely resulted from the rise of digital communication, with young people now preferring texting short messages, which may limit their ability to engage in meaningful conversations and write complete sentences. Effective verbal and written communication skills are essential both in school and in the workplace. Warren Buffett, a famous investor, always urges young people to learn public speaking. It may be scary to speak in front of a group, but it boosts confidence. Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is known for valuing the written word. He replaces PowerPoint presentations in meetings with “six-page, narratively-structured (叙事结构)” memos. Meetings start with each attendee sitting and silently reading a memo for the first 30 minutes. The decline in communication skills is a worldwide problem. In America, there is a movement among “homeschoolers” to. try to solve the problem by returning to ancient educational wisdom, the “Trivium”, which dates back to medieval times in Europe. The word comes from Latin and means “where three roads meet.” The subjects — the “three roads” — are grammar, rhetoric and logic. Grammar means learning how to write a complete and accurate sentence. Rhetoric is the use of similes (明喻), metaphors (暗喻) and other grammatical devices. And logic is the use of reason to discover what is true or not true, or what can be proved or disproved. Whether such classical education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen, but it offers a glimmer of hope in this challenging situation. 1．What does the survey conducted by UNESCO reveal? 2．What is the main reason for young people’s poor communication skills? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in America, and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. 4．Besides the methods mentioned in the passage, what other ways would you use to improve your writing skills? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. 2．The rise of digital communication. 3．Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in America and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. According to the passage, whether such traditional education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen. 4．I would read a lot of excellent literary works, analyze their writing techniques and expressions, learn new words and sentence patterns, and write diaries regularly to improve my writing skills. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述年轻人沟通能力下降原因及改善方法。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段“A recent survey conducted by UNESCO reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. Half of the 1,333 participants admitted to having poor verbal skills, while 40% struggled with written expressions. (联合国教科文组织最近进行的一项调查显示，年轻人表达思想和观点的能力显著下降。在1333名参与者中，有一半承认自己口头表达能力不佳，40%的人在书面表达方面存在困难。)”可知，调查揭示了年轻人表达思想和观点的能力显著下降。故答案为：It reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“The problem more likely resulted from the rise of digital communication, with young people now preferring texting short messages, which may limit their ability to engage in meaningful conversations and write complete sentences. (这个问题更可能是由于数字通信的兴起造成的，年轻人现在更喜欢发送短信，这可能限制了他们进行有意义对话和写出完整句子的能力。)”可知，年轻人沟通能力差的主要原因是数字通信的兴起。故答案为：The rise of digital communication. 3．考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中的“Whether such classical education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen, but it offers a glimmer of hope in this challenging situation. (这种古典教育能否帮助解决沟通技能下降的问题仍有待观察，但它为这一挑战性局面带来了一线希望。)”可知，这种古典教育（古代教育智慧）是否能帮助解决沟通能力下降的问题还有待观察，而不是已经帮助学生提高了表达能力。所以错误的部分是and it has already helped students improve expressive skills。答案为：Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in America and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. According to the passage, whether such traditional education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen. 4．开放性题目，此题要求回答：除了文章中提到的方法，你还会用什么其他方法来提高你的写作技巧？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我会阅读很多优秀的文学作品，分析他们的写作技巧和表达方式，学习新单词和句型，定期写日记来提高我的写作技巧。故答案为：I would read a lot of excellent literary works, analyze their writing techniques and expressions, learn new words and sentence patterns, and write diaries regularly to improve my writing skills. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市顺义区·期末） When I got my first research project to work as an undergraduate, I was so excited that I could hardly think. My excitement, though, was soon cut short when my professor asked me to write a research paper on the project. My body tensed. Writing was the last thing I wanted to do. I hated writing in high school. It felt like wandering in a chaotic jungle, unsure where to reach next. My teachers would return my papers littered with red. In college, I studied engineering. I took comfort there, knowing objective truth could be found. The professor assigned me a project to improve the efficiency of an inductor (感应器). I spent weeks setting up a test for a new design. The results weren’t good. I kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with researchers. Finally, we had one. I was overjoyed — until my professor told me to write that research paper. I knew I would need to spend time penning papers. In a panic, I asked a graduate student for help. We defined a goal, and I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper covered in red marks. The graduate student explained that red didn’t mean I was a bad writer. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing. It requires revising your work, often several times. Suddenly it occurred to me, “Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was searching for an efficient inductor design?” I kept refining the outline, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback from others. My initial draft wasn’t perfect. But with help, I was finally making my way through the jungle. From then on, writing became one of my favorite parts of research, and it still is today. It’s a future I never could have imagined during my early struggles with English classes. But I came around. All it took was some trial and error. 1．Why was the author’s excitement cut short when asked to write a research paper? 2．What did the author do when the test results of a new design were not good? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. After writing the research paper, the author thought that writing was different from searching for an efficient inductor design. 4．What do you think of “red marks” in your life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Because writing was the last thing the author wanted to do. 2．The author kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with researchers. 3．After writing the research paper, the author thought thatwriting was different from searching for an efficient inductor design. Writing was the same as searching for an efficient inductor design. After writing the research paper, the author thought that writing was different from searching for an efficient inductor design. Before writing the research paper, the author thought that writing was different from searching for an efficient inducting design. 1．Red marks represent constructive feedback in life. They may seem discouraging at first, but they are essential for growth, helping us refine our efforts and achieve better results through continuous improvement. 【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在大学期间第一次进行科研项目并需要撰写研究论文的经历，以及这一过程中作者对写作态度的转变。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I got my first research project to work as an undergraduate, I was so excited that I could hardly think. My excitement, though, was soon cut short when my professor asked me to write a research paper on the project. My body tensed. Writing was the last thing I wanted to do.(当我作为一名本科生得到我的第一个研究项目时，我兴奋得几乎无法思考。然而，当我的教授让我写一篇关于这个项目的研究论文时，我的兴奋很快就被打断了。我的身体绷紧了。写作是我最不愿意做的事)”可知，因为写作是作者最不愿意做的事，所以作者的兴奋被打断了。故答案是：Because writing was the last thing the author wanted to do. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“I spent weeks setting up a test for a new design. The results weren’t good. I kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with researchers.(我花了几周时间为新设计进行测试。结果并不好。我不断尝试新的设计，利用这些结果与研究人员进行头脑风暴)”可知，当一个新设计的测试结果不好时，作者不断尝试新的设计，并利用这些结果与研究人员进行头脑风暴。故答案是：The author kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with researchers. 3．考查推理判断。根据第二段“I hated writing in high school. It felt like wondering in a chaotic jungle, unsure where to reach next. My teachers would return my papers littered with red.(我在高中时讨厌写作。感觉就像在一片混乱的丛林中徘徊，不知道下一步该去哪里。我的老师会把我的试卷还给我，试卷上涂满了红色)”可知，在写研究论文之前，作者认为写作不同于寻找一个有效的诱导设计，以及倒数第二段“Suddenly it occurred to me, “Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was searching for an efficient inductor design?” I kept refining the outline, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback from others.(我突然想到，“当我在寻找一种高效的电感设计时，我不是也做过同样的事情吗？”在别人反馈的指导下，我不断完善大纲，最终把它变成句子和段落)”可知，在完成研究论文后，写作和寻找有效的电感器设计是一样的。故答案是：After writing the research paper, the author thought that writing was different from searching for an efficient inductor design. Writing was the same as searching for an efficient inductor design. After writing the research paper, the author thought that writing was different from searching for an efficient inductor design. Before writing the research paper, the author thought that writing was different from searching for an efficient inducting design. 4．开放性问题。纵观全文可知，红色标记代表生活中建设性的反馈。起初它们可能看起来令人沮丧，但它们对成长至关重要，帮助我们改进我们的努力，并通过不断改进获得更好的结果。故答案是：Red marks represent constructive feedback in life. They may seem discouraging at first, but they are essential for growth, helping us refine our efforts and achieve better results through continuous improvement. Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市房山区·期末） Being an introvert (内向的人), I feared nothing more than stepping outside of my safe little bubble. But things took an interesting turn in my second year of college when I had to take a public speaking class. At first, I thought, “Wow, what am I doing?” However, that summer, I learned to gradually expose myself to stress and anxiety. Roughly seven speeches later, I broke out of my shell and became a whole new version of myself. What I want to emphasize from my story is that it’s not enough to just step outside our comfort zones. We must live outside them. You may be asking, “How do I start living outside of my comfort zone?” The answer I would personally give is “baby steps”. Consider breaking up routines and habits, for instance. Even doing something as small as trying a new flavor of your favorite snack can start the process. Then, sample a new snack. After that, order something different for lunch. Finally, you get the idea. That same mentality can be applied to anything under the sun. The possibilities are endless, and trust me, once you start finding your rhythm, you’ll find it gets progressively easier to try new things. Above all, remember that any step is still a step. Don’t feel discouraged that you aren’t doing as much as you should, or that you’ re not moving as quickly as someone else. Everyone has it in them to take action and live outside their comfort zones. Do what is right for you. Sometimes, you will need to push yourself. However, pushing yourself too hard will only make you pull back and become overly cautious. After all, the final goal is to find a happy balance between comfort and discomfort, between safety and risk. 1．What happened to the author after about seven speeches? 2．What is the author’s advice on how to start living outside the comfort zone? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. →To live outside your comfort zone, you will need to push yourself at all times. 4．Please share one of your experiences about living outside the comfort zone. (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．She/He broke out of her/his shell and became a whole new version of herself/himself. 2．The author’s advice is to take “baby steps”. 3．→To live outside your comfort zone, you will need to push yourself at all times. Sometimes, you will need to push yourself. 1．开放性试题，参考答案可以为Once I was afraid to join a group discussion. But I forced myself. At first, I was nervous, but later I actively shared ideas and made new friends. 【导语】这篇文章属于个人经历分享与经验建议类的文章。作者先讲述自己作为内向者通过演讲课突破舒适区的亲身经历，进而围绕如何走出舒适区给出具体建议，包括从小事做起、把握好自我推动的度等内容，旨在为读者提供关于走出舒适区的思路与方法。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Roughly seven speeches later, I broke out of my shell and became a whole new version of myself.(大约进行了七次演讲后，我突破了自我，变成了一个全新的自己。)”可知，在大约七次演讲之后，作者突破了自我，成为全新的自己。故答案为She/He broke out of her/his shell and became a whole new version of herself/himself. 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段“The answer I would personally give is “baby steps”. Consider breaking up routines and habits, for instance. Even doing something as small as trying a new flavor of your favorite snack can start the process.(我个人给出的答案是‘一小步一小步来’。例如，可以考虑打破常规和习惯。即使是像尝试你最喜欢的零食的新口味这样小的事情也可以开启这个过程。)”可知，作者对于如何开始走出舒适区的建议是一小步一小步来，比如打破常规习惯，从尝试喜欢零食的新口味这类小事做起。故答案为The author’s advice is to take “baby steps”. 3．判断推理题。由文章第三段“Sometimes, you will need to push yourself. However, pushing yourself too hard will only make you pull back and become overly cautious. After all, the final goal is to find a happy balance between comfort and discomfort, between safety and risk.(有时候，你需要逼迫自己。然而，逼迫自己太狠只会让你退缩并变得过度谨慎。毕竟，最终目标是在舒适与不舒适、安全与风险之间找到一个愉快的平衡。)”可知，作者在文中表明有时需逼迫自己，但不能过度，要在舒适与不舒适间找平衡，所以“at all times（一直）”表述错误。故答案为→To live outside your comfort zone, you will need to push yourself at all times. Sometimes, you will need to push yourself. 4．开放性题目。言之有理即可，可以写自己原本害怕参加小组讨论，逼迫自己参与后，从紧张到能积极分享想法并交到新朋友。故参考答案可以为Once I was afraid to join a group discussion. But I forced myself. At first, I was nervous, but later I actively shared ideas and made new friends. 主题03 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun (双关语)—The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. When it comes to achieving success, there’s no denying that teamwork plays a crucial role. We’ve all been there-group projects at school, working with colleagues at the office or playing sports with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets goals based on outcomes and results to complete its tasks. It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed. Mostly, in typical workplace culture, being focus on individual pursuits is considered plain selfish, but is supporting individuals in their own pursuits really anti-team? Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business School did research, demonstrating the benefits of giving employees paid time to follow their own individual pursuits. Since then, some notable companies have introduced unstructured time into their workplaces. Globally, 85% of employees are disengaged in their work. In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. When teams understand what matters to the individuals within them, they are able to better empathize with each other and have each others’ backs. There is an “I” in team and when we start to implement programs that support individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are more creative, more engaged and more productive. 1．What idea does the idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” highlight? 2．Why is it important to put “I” back into team? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. 4．As an individual, how can you play your role in a team? 【答案】1．Instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. 2．It can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. 3．According to Danile Pink,the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. According to Daniel Pink, the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. 1．As an individual in a team, I should firstly understand my role within the team and work to achieve my duties to the best of my ability. Working well with others is also important because it shows that I’m committed to achieving both personal and organizational goals. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了习语No ‘I’ in Team的意义，团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上。而现在有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun-The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.(习语“No ‘I’ in Team”基于双关语——team一词不包含字母i，这强调了团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上)”可知，No ‘I’ in Team强调了团队成员不应该把注意力集中在个人身上，而应该共同努力实现他们的共同目标。故答案为Instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement.(有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度)”可知，把“我”放回团队很重要，是因为这可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。故答案为It can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段“In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives.(在Daniel Pink的《驱动力》一书中，他认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活)”可知，“激励85%员工的有效方法是设定公司希望员工实现的目标”表述错误，Daniel Pink认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活。故答案为According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. According to Daniel Pink, the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. 4．考查细节理解。根据第二段“It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed.(重要的是，每个成员都知道团队的工作方向、他们的责任以及他们如何实现团队的集体目标。团队中的团队成员共享工作负载并相互帮助以取得成功是至关重要的)”可知，作为团队中的个人，要想在团队中发挥自己的作用，我应该首先了解自己在团队中的角色，并尽我所能履行职责。与他人良好合作也很重要，因为这表明我致力于实现个人和组织目标。故答案为As an individual in a team, I should firstly understand my role within the team and work to achieve my duties to the best of my ability. Working well with others is also important because it shows that I’m committed to achieving both personal and organizational goals. Passage 2 （23-24学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） Egocentrism is the inability to accurately understand any perspective other than one’s own. To those who are egocentric, there are two types of opinions: “mine and the wrong ones”. Egocentrism is very unpleasant. Suffering from it, people often find themselves in a situation of conflict or loneliness because they do not recognize the rights of others to their personal feelings, desires, and interests. They also fail to look at circumstances from the other person’s side. Humanity must overcome it to see a holistic (全面的) picture of the world and objectively assess situations. It is essential to be a fair-minded individual since egocentrism is a quality that is not easy to live with, making it hard for us to interact with people and move forward. Actually, overcoming this disturbing quality has always been my pursuit. The main goal in my life is based on the search for inner balance, harmony, positivity, and the right attitude to life cases. Thus, I will be able to improve my life and help other people in the practice of this aspect. Moreover, I often remind myself to accept differences and remember that a correct attitude to different personalities, their preferences, and interests leads to success in any tasks. The formation and development of a fair mind can be practiced almost everywhere. For example, in a grocery store, we need to put ourselves in the place of the seller’s and should not immediately take offense and argue when we are given an unripe banana or burnt bread. It is important to remember that a seller is not obliged to play along at all; this is the same person with his unique nature. Not everyone agrees with everyone else, but if you absolutely refuse to consider another person’s perspective, that’s when egocentrism becomes a serious concern. So why not try to correct this behavior and be more fair-minded? 1．What is egocentrism? 2．Why does egocentrism often lead to conflicts? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Egocentrism becomes a problem when someone doesn’t agree with others. 4．Please share one of your own experiences about your practicing being fair-minded. (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It is the inability to accurately understand any perspective other than one’s own. 2．Because people (suffering from it) do not recognize the rights of others to their personal feelings, desires, and interests. 3．Egocentrism becomes a problemwhen someone doesn’t agree with others. Egocentrism becomes a problem if/when you absolutely refuse to consider another person’s perspective. 4．When in Grade 10, I had a debate with my parents over the curfew. Initially, I screamed for more freedom. However, upon attempting to see the matter from their perspective, I fully understood their concerns about my safety. From then on, I never return home later than nine o’clock. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是自我中心主义、特点以及如何克服这种问题。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Egocentrism is the inability to accurately understand any perspective other than one’s own.(自我中心主义是不能准确地理解除了自己以外的任何观点)”可知，自我中心主义是不能准确地理解除自己外任何人的观点。故答案为It is the inability to accurately understand any perspective other than one’s own. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Suffering from it, people often find themselves in a situation of conflict or loneliness because they do not recognize the rights of others to their personal feelings, desires, and interests.(有这种情况的人经常发现自己处于冲突或孤独的境地，因为他们不承认他人对自己的个人感受、欲望和利益的权利)”可知，自我中心主义经常导致冲突是因为他们不承认别人对个人感情、欲望和利益的权利。故答案为Because people (suffering from it) do not recognize the rights of others to their personal feelings, desires, and interests. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Not everyone agrees with everyone else, but if you absolutely refuse to consider another person’s perspective, that’s when egocentrism becomes a serious concern.(不是每个人都同意其他人的观点，但如果你绝对拒绝考虑别人的观点，那就是自我中心主义成为一个严重问题的时候)”可知，错误的部分为“when someone doesn’t agree with others”，因为如果/当你绝对拒绝考虑别人的观点，自我中心主义就会成为一个问题。故答案为Egocentrism becomes a problem when someone doesn’t agree with others. Egocentrism becomes a problem if/when you absolutely refuse to consider another person’s perspective. 4．考查开放题。根据题干“请分享一个你自己练习公正的经验”可回答“十年级的时候，我和父母就宵禁的问题发生了争论。起初，我大声疾呼要更多的自由。然而，当我试图从他们的角度来看这件事时，我完全理解他们对我安全的担忧。从那时起，我回家从不晚于9点。”故答案为When in Grade 10, I had a debate with my parents over the curfew. Initially, I screamed for more freedom. However, upon attempting to see the matter from their perspective, I fully understood their concerns about my safety. From then on, I never return home later than nine o’clock. 主题04 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市丰台区·期末） We often seek fulfilling relationships for happiness, yet forget it lies within us. But have you ever wondered that with so many advocates of self-love, why haven’t we been able to love ourselves? Self-love is the root of all your healthy relationships. The stronger your roots are, the more difficult it will be for winds to knock down the branches. Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters. Since relying on others’ care is impractical, only we can provide the best care for ourselves. Self-love and healthy relationships cannot be separated. Actually, self-love is the very core of any healthy relationship. First of all, self-love empowers us to define relationship boundaries. Knowing our worth enables us to tell what we’ll accept, having a clear grasp of our needs, values, and limits. For example, an efficient administrative assistant is often asked by colleagues to handle all the paperwork and scheduling tasks. But with self-love, she knows to balance her own core work and personal development. She offers reasonable assistance, not taking on the entire workload, setting boundaries as she understands her value and the importance of a balanced team. Moreover, self-love is vital in conflict resolution in a relationship. When people truly love themselves, they have a healthier understanding of everything. They have more confidence and self-esteem to be able to voice their opinions. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. Ultimately, self-love is the compass guiding us to personal satisfaction and harmonious connections. Cultivating this love paves the way for balanced, respectful relationships, enriching our lives and those around us. 1．What is the nature of self-love? 2．What are the key elements of self-love according to the passage? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. 4．How can self-love benefit you in your daily life?(In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. 2．(The key elements of self-love are) self-acceptance, self-compassion and self-care. 3．When conflicts arise, a person with self-love will approach the situationin a self-interested way .When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. 4．Self-love boosts self-confidence, helping us face challenges bravely. When I failed an exam, instead of self-blaming, I comforted myself and analyzed mistakes. I made a detailed study plan based on the analysis, With self-love as my driving force, I gradually improved my performance and regained my confidence in learning. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了自爱的定义、因素以及作用。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is.(自爱的本质是真正接受你是谁，你的价值是什么)”可知，自爱的本质是真正接受你是谁，你的价值是什么。故回答为：Self-love, in its nature, is to truly accept who you are and what your worth is. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The key elements of self-love are essential. Self-acceptance is foremost, as our imperfections, insecurities, and perfections shape our unique personality. Self-compassion is equally vital. We must forgive ourselves for mistakes, failed goals, and setbacks, treating ourselves with the same empathy we show our dearest. Also, self-care matters.(自爱的关键要素是必不可少的。自我接纳是最重要的，因为我们的不完美、不安全感和完美塑造了我们独特的个性。自我同情同样重要。我们必须原谅自己的错误、失败的目标和挫折，用同样的同理心对待自己，对待我们最亲爱的人。此外,自我照顾很重要)”可知，自爱的关键要素是自我接纳，自我同情和自我照顾。故回答为：(The key elements of self-love are) self-acceptance, self-compassion and self-care. 3．考查细节理解。根据第五段“When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved.(当冲突出现时，一个有自爱和自知之明的人会冷静而尊重地处理这种情况，考虑到所有人的福祉)”可知，当冲突出现时，一个有自爱和自知之明的人会冷静而尊重地处理这种情况，考虑到所有人的福祉。故回答为：When conflicts arise ,a person with self-love will approach the situation in a self-interested way. When conflicts arise, a person with self-love and self-awareness will approach the situation calmly and respectfully, considering the well-being of all people involved. 4．开放性试题。自爱增强自信，帮助我们勇敢地面对挑战。当我考试不及格时，我不是自责，而是安慰自己，分析错误。我做了详细的以自爱为动力，我逐渐提高了自己的学习能力表现的很好，让我重拾了学习的信心。故可回答Self-love boosts self-confidence, helping us face challenges bravely. When I failed an exam, instead of self-blaming, I comforted myself and analyzed mistakes. I made a detailed study plan based on the analysis. With self-love as my driving force, I gradually improved my performance and regained my confidence in learning. Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市昌平区·期末） There’s a lot of fear around spending time alone. Recent articles and studies warn us about the dangers of loneliness, as it may increase risks of anxiety and depression. Yet, not all loneliness is a health issue. There’s chronic (长期的) loneliness — and there’s solitude. This is a helpful distinction. Chronic loneliness occurs when there is unhappiness about a lack of closeness or a perceived sense of social isolation. While solitude is a state of being free of the demands of others. We do so many activities alone that don’t come with shame or dangers of chronic loneliness — reading a book, doing an art project, or cooking a meal. This kind of alone time is comforting and important. Yet people don’t know how to make use of solitude. As a result, some would rather stay in bad relationships or surround themselves with friends even though their energy is run out. I am a believer in finding your best solitude style. One way is to spend some quality time with yourself. For instance, you can watch a movie alone or go for a running. Engaging in activities that make you feel connected with others — like writing letters to a close friend — can also be a beautiful way to enjoy solitude. Solitude is like any other social interaction. When you establish delicious moments for just you, you get to be the unique architect of your experience. There can be a certain air of romance to the time you give yourself. 1．Why is loneliness dangerous? 2．What is solitude? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Some people choose to stay in bad relationships or hang out with friends even though they feel exhausted because they run out of energy. 4．Which solitude style mentioned in the passage do you prefer, and why? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It may increase risks of anxiety and depression. 2．Solitude is a state of being free of the demands of others. 3．Some people choose to stay in bad relationships or hang out with friends even though they feel exhausted because they run out of energy. Because they don’t know how to make use of solitude. 1．I prefer activities like going for a running because they allow me to relax, recharge, and reflect on my thoughts while staying physically active. This helps me maintain balance and enjoy my own company. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于“孤独”的一些知识，包括影响、定义以及处理方式。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent articles and studies warn us about the dangers of loneliness, as it may increase risks of anxiety and depression.(最近的文章和研究警告我们孤独的危险，因为它可能会增加焦虑和抑郁的风险)”可知，孤独是危险的是因为它可能会增加焦虑和抑郁的风险。故回答为：It may increase risks of anxiety and depression. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“While solitude is a state of being free of the demands of others.(而孤独是一种不受他人要求的状态)”可知，孤独是一种不受他人要求的状态。故回答为：Solitude is a state of being free of the demands of others. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Yet people don’t know how to make use of solitude. As a result, some would rather stay in bad relationships or surround themselves with friends even though their energy is run out.(然而，人们不知道如何利用孤独。因此，有些人宁愿呆在糟糕的关系中，或者宁愿和朋友在一起，即使他们的精力耗尽了)”可知，有些人选择保持糟糕的关系，或者和朋友出去玩，即使他们感到筋疲力尽，因为他们不知道如何利用孤独。故回答为：Some people choose to stay in bad relationships or hang out with friends even though they feel exhausted because they run out of energy. Because they don’t know how to make use of solitude. 4．开放性试题。我更喜欢像跑步这样的活动，因为它们可以让我放松，充电，在保持身体活跃的同时反思我的想法。这有助于我保持平衡，享受独处的乐趣。故回答为：I prefer activities like going for a running because they allow me to relax, recharge, and reflect on my thoughts while staying physically active. This helps me maintain balance and enjoy my own company. 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市东城区·期末） Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 1．What does “nomophobia” refer to? 2．Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. 4．Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 2．Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 3．▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 1．To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章说明了什么是“无手机恐惧症”以及作者因为感觉被智能手机困住，而听从儿子的建议，戒掉了手机的经历。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”.(当我们暂时找不到它们时，就会产生焦虑或恐慌的感觉。一些心理学家称之为“无手机恐惧症”)”可知，“无手机恐惧症”指的是我们暂时找不到智能手机时产生的焦虑或恐慌感。故答案为It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. (我经常向我的丈夫和我七岁的儿子路易斯抱怨，我觉得自己被它困住了。)”和第三段“Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”(然后，去年夏天的一天，当我和路易斯一起玩的时候，我又一次被叮叮当当的声音分散了注意力。他终于提醒了我我的抱怨，但他用恳求的语气说：“妈妈，快放弃吧!”)”可知，作者决定放弃她的智能手机是因为她觉得自己被智能手机困住了，儿子让她放弃。故答案为Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.(但是，正如我所学到的，当我们被迫通过声音与声音进行交流时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更加紧密)”可知，错误的部分是“we will find it awkward”，根据作者的说法，当我们和朋友打电话时，我们会发现自己和他/她更亲近。故答案为▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 4．考查开放答题。根据“除了文中提到的方法，你能做些什么来避免‘无手机恐惧症’？”可知，为了避免“无手机恐惧症”，人们可以考虑定期远离科技产品，参加线下活动。此外，当你不需要手机的时候，你可以关掉手机或把它放在家里，把注意力集中在你周围的人和事上。故答案为To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） If you’ve recently taken a flight from a major UK airport, then you may have noticed that more people are protesting air travel expansion and encouraging people to fly less. This is part of a larger environmental movement sweeping across Europe. Known as Flygskam or “flight-shaming”, the movement is encouraging people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can. The aviation (航空) currently accounts for about 2% of global emissions (排放) and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, unlike most other sources of pollution, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere. Earlier this year, the UK government promised to reduce the UK’s emissions to “net zero” by 2050. However, according to projections from some researchers, emissions from the aviation could more than double by then even if planes become substantially more fuel-efficient. So, it’s unclear whether flying will be included in the UK’s target. It’s hard to say exactly how big the movement is becoming, but Flygskam has become popular in social media. The number of Swedes taking the train for domestic journeys has risen by 8% this year as plane journeys inside the country have fallen. Clearly, Flygskam is having a measurable impact on people’s transport choices. Some people, however, have been critical of the movement because they say that it places blame or feelings of embarrassment onto the passengers when it is really the airlines and industries associated with it who should feel guilty for the impact that they are having on the planet. 1．What is Flygskam? 2．How does flying influence the environment? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Flygskam has attracted social attention and some people have already participated in this campaign, so it is widely accepted. 4．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you think of the movement of Flygskam? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It is a movement that encourages people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can. 2．It currently accounts for about 2% of the global emissions and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere. 3．Flygskam has attracted social atention and some people have already participated in this campaign, so it is widely accepted. According to the passage, it is true that Flygskam has become popular, but some people are still critical of the movement, so it is not widely accepted. 1．I think the movement may not be feasible for those individuals who have no viable alternatives to air travel. Not everyone has access to efficient and affordable alternative modes of transportation, especially for long-distance or international trips. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环保人士目前发起的一项“飞行羞耻”运动，包括该运动的内涵、针对的问题、未来航空业的发展走势，以及人们对该运动的反应。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Known as Flygskam or “flight-shaming”, the movement is encouraging people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can. (这项运动被称为Flygskam或“飞行羞耻”，它鼓励人们停止将飞机作为交通工具，尽可能地使用更环保的交通工具)”可知，Flygskam是一项鼓励人们停止将飞机作为交通工具，尽可能地使用更环保的交通工具的运动。故答案为：It is a movement that encourages people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can. 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The aviation (航空) currently accounts for about 2% of global emissions (排放) and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, unlike most other sources of pollution, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere. (航空业目前约占全球排放量的2%，是增长最快的污染源之一。更糟糕的是，与大多数其他污染源不同，航空旅行导致污染物被释放到大气层的高处)”可知，飞行对于环境的影响在于它目前占全球排放量的2%左右，是增长最快的污染源之一。更糟糕的是，航空旅行导致污染物被释放到大气层的高处。故答案为：It currently accounts for about 2% of the global emissions and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere. 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s hard to say exactly how big the movement is becoming, but Flygskam has become popular in social media. The number of Swedes taking the train for domestic journeys has risen by 8% this year as plane journeys inside the country have fallen. (很难说这场运动到底有多大，但Flygskam已经在社交媒体上很流行。今年乘坐火车进行国内旅行的瑞典人增加了8%，而国内飞机旅行的人数则有所下降)”和“Some people, however, have been critical of the movement (然而，一些人对这一运动持批评态度)”可知，Flygskam确实很流行，有些人已经参与其中，但有些人仍然对这项运动持批评态度，所以它没有被广泛接受。故答案为：Flygskam has attracted social atention and some people have already participated in this campaign, so it is widely accepted. According to the passage, it is true that Flygskam has become popular, but some people are still critical of the movement, so it is not widely accepted. 4．开放性试题。本题的答案不唯一，结合实际情况言之有理即可。例如，对于那些没有可行的替代航空旅行的人来说，这项运动可能不可行。不是每个人都能使用高效且负担得起的替代性交通方式，特别是长途或国际旅行。故答案可为：I think the movement may not be feasible for those individuals who have no viable alternatives to air travel. Not everyone has access to efficient and affordable alternative modes of transportation, especially for long-distance or international trips. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24学年高三上·北京市朝阳区·期末） Jokes and humor are often considered unimportant. This is understandable: they are, by definition, not serious. Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. For example, they can stimulate blood circulation and aid muscle relaxation, both of which can help reduce stress. But why do we respond, in powerful and rewarding ways, to things that are objectively meaningless? Scientists have spent years studying how humor works in the brain and on the various types of jokes that produce it. Puns, the most familiar type of jokes, are where specific elements of language convey different meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” “Here, hole in one” has two possible interpretations: one pair is damaged or someone’s ball goes into the hole the first time he hit it. We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. Therefore, the brain’s humor processes are still engaged. How does humor arise from the brain? Our brains have developed a system to recognize when things don’t match expectations. If normality is overturned, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates tension. However, the system that recognizes incongruity (不一致) also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, easing the tension. After that, we learn something new and expand our mental model, experiencing a rewarding feeling. Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences. If the incongruity is not resolved, humor is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers?” is “in case the metal eagle that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. This would explain why unreal humor is often hard to get right. 1．What is the benefit of jokes and humor? 2．Why can people recognize the humor in puns? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. 4．Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. 2．Because of puns’ simplicity and familiarity. 3．People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way,as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. As long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences, people can find humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way. 4．Having a good sense of humor can improve my communication skills. It can help me express myself more effectively and connect with others. Besides, using humor requires me to take sudden shifts in perspective or thinking patterns, which helps boost my creativity. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了笑话和幽默对健康有益处，能缓解压力。同时，文章还解释了幽默是如何在大脑中产生的。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties.( 然而，笑话和幽默通过它们缓解压力的特性对健康有益)”可知，笑话和幽默通过它们缓解压力的特性对健康有益。故答案为Jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. (我们可能不会真的嘲笑它们，但它们的简单和熟悉使大多数人认识到双关语中的幽默)”可知，人们能认出双关语中的幽默是因为双关语的简单和熟悉。故答案为Because of puns’ simplicity and familiarity. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences.(基本上，多亏了我们大脑中这些复杂的系统，幽默来自于某种出人意料、意外或错误的事物，只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果)”可知，只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果，某些令人惊讶、意想不到或错误的事情则会产生幽默。原句题干“People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved.(人们可以从一些令人惊讶的、意想不到的或错误的事情中找到幽默，只要不协调的地方没有被解决)”中的后半句as long as the incongruity remains unsolved与原文表达信息不一致，文章中指出只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果，某些令人惊讶、意想不到或错误的事情则会产生幽默，而此处强调的是故是只要不协调的地方没有被解决。故答案为：People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. As long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences, people can find humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way. 4．开放性题目。根据题干“Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor?( 除了文中提到的好处，你还能从幽默中得到什么好处？)”可知，本人认为有良好的幽默感可以提高我的沟通能力。它可以帮助我更有效地表达自己，并与他人联系。此外，运用幽默需要我突然转变观点或思维模式，这有助于提高我的创造力。故答案为Having a good sense of humor can improve my communication skills. It can help me express myself more effectively and connect with others. Besides, using humor requires me to take sudden shifts in perspective or thinking patterns, which helps boost my creativity. Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市石朝阳区·期末） My path was long to recognizing my vocation (职业) , much longer than it had to be. My parents were professors of engineering. Science was the horizon of possibility in my family; nothing else counted or even existed. No matter how much I loved to read and write, it never occurred to me to major in anything else. I had been curious about biology and psychology in high school, so when I knew Columbia offered a joint major in the two fields, I chose it on the spot. The feeling, other than excitement, was one of relief. I couldn’t bear the uncertainty that college represented. Instead of opening options up, I needed to shut them down. I had locked up three-quarters of my courses for the next four years, and I hadn’t even gone to a single class. There was no one there to stop me. I would mope (消沉) in the back of those lectures, reading a novel behind my notebook, unaware of the fact that I was trying to tell myself something. I don’t know exactly when things went wrong with my chosen course of study. By the time I realized that I should have been an English major, it was too late to make the switch. I ended up working in a tiny nonprofit that meant nothing to me, with no idea where I should go next. And then I happened to be visiting a friend in architecture school. She wasn’t happy, either; her program was way too pretentious and theoretical. We were walking along and she said, “I have to get out of graduate school. ” And I immediately thought “I have to go to graduate school. ” Meaning, I’ll never be happy until I give myself the chance to study English literature after all. Meaning, it’s not too late - I’m not going to let it be too late. Everything was suddenly clear and calm. It wasn’t easy getting in at that point. But for the first time in a long while, I performed at the top of my ability. I’d study for eighty hours a week and I had never been happier. 1．What family factor (s) influenced the author’s choice of major? 2．What did the author realize at college? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author was determined to get into graduate school because his friend persuaded him to do so. 4．What have you learned from the author’s experience of choosing a major in college? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．The professions of the author’s parents. 2．The author realized that he should have been an English major. 3．The author was determined to get into graduate school because his friend persuaded him to do so. The author was determined to get into graduate school because he wanted to give himself the chance to study English literature. 1．From the author's experience, I learned that choosing a major should be based on one's true interests and passions rather than external expectations or family influence. Following one's heart leads to true happiness and fulfillment. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在选择职业道路上的曲折经历。尽管对阅读和写作充满热爱，但由于家庭环境的影响，作者最初选择了科学领域的专业。然而，在大学期间，作者逐渐意识到自己真正的兴趣在于英语文学，但为时已晚，无法转专业。毕业后，作者从事了一份没有意义的工作，感到迷茫。一次偶然的机会，作者受到朋友启发，决定继续深造学习英语文学，并最终找到了自己的方向和快乐。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“My parents were professors of engineering. Science was the horizon of possibility in my family; nothing else counted or even existed. (我的父母是工程学教授。科学是我家庭可能性的地平线；其他一切都无关紧要甚至不存在。)”可知，作者父母的职业影响了作者选择专业，故答案为The professions of the author’s parents. 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“By the time I realized that I should have been an English major, it was too late to make the switch. (当我意识到我应该是英语专业的时候，已经太晚了，无法换专业了。)”可知，作者在大学时意识到他应该是英语专业，故答案为The author realized that he should have been an English major. 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“And I immediately thought “I have to go to graduate school.” Meaning, I’ll never be happy until I give myself the chance to study English literature after all. Meaning, it’s not too late - I’m not going to let it be too late. (我立刻想到“我必须去读研究生。”这意味着，直到我给自己机会学习英国文学，我才会快乐。这意味着，还不算太晚——我不会让它太晚。）”可知，作者决定去读研究生是因为他想给自己机会学习英国文学，而不是因为朋友劝说，所以表达“because his friend persuaded him to do so (因为他的朋友劝说他这样做)”是错误的，应更正为“because he wanted to give himself the chance to study English literature”故答案为The author was determined to get into graduate school because his friend persuaded him to do so. The author was determined to get into graduate school because he wanted to give himself the chance to study English literature. 4．考查推理判断。根据文章第一段“My path was long to recognizing my vocation (职业) , much longer than it had to be. My parents were professors of engineering. Science was the horizon of possibility in my family; nothing else counted or even existed. No matter how much I loved to read and write, it never occurred to me to major in anything else. (我花了很长时间才找到自己的职业方向，其实本不必如此。我的父母都是工科教授，在我们家科学是唯一可能的前景；其他都不重要，甚至不存在。无论我多么喜欢阅读和写作，我从未想过要主修其他专业。)”和第三段“There was no one there to stop me. I would mope (消沉) in the back of those lectures, reading a novel behind my notebook, unaware of the fact that I was trying to tell myself something. I don’t know exactly when things went wrong with my chosen course of study. By the time I realized that I should have been an English major, it was too late to make the switch. I ended up working in a tiny nonprofit that meant nothing to me, with no idea where I should go next. (没有人阻止我。那些讲座上，我会坐在后面消沉地读小说，笔记本挡在前面，却没意识到我是在试图告诉自己些什么。我不知道我的课程选择到底是什么时候出了问题。直到我意识到自己应该主修英语时，已经太晚了，无法转专业了。最终我在一家对我毫无意义的小非营利组织工作，完全不知道下一步该去哪里。)”内容可知，作者选择专业时受到家庭影响而选择了科学专业，后来意识到自己应该是英语专业但已经太晚无法换专业，所以从作者的经历中我们可以学到选择专业应该基于自己的真正兴趣和激情而不是外部期望或家庭影响，跟随自己的心会带来真正的幸福和满足感，故答案为From the author's experience, I learned that choosing a major should be based on one's true interests and passions rather than external expectations or family influence. Following one's heart leads to true happiness and fulfillment. 主题04 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市西城区·期末） At the airport recently, I witnessed a moment of unexpected joy. A one-year-old boy, still mastering his wobbly (摇晃的) first steps, toddled (蹒跚行走) with fierce determination, his little legs working hard to find balance. His mom, glowing with pride, shared that he had just started walking. Each time he fell, he sprang right back up — and something beautiful happened. Strangers — young and old, from every background and corner of life — began cheering him on, united in encouragement for this tiny explorer. In that brief moment, we came together to celebrate something simple yet profound: the beauty of progress. This got me thinking: When did we stop cheering for the “wobbles” in our own lives? When did we start treating every fall as a failure instead of an essential step forward? As adults, we often lose sight of how important it is to celebrate small wins. We wait for the big milestones — a promotion, a degree, or a major achievement — before we allow ourselves (and others) to feel worthy of applause. But research shows that it’s the little victories, the everyday progress, that drive motivation and long-term success. In their research on creativity and motivation, Harvard Business School professor Teresa Amabile and psychologist Steven Kramer developed what they call The Progress Principle. Their studies revealed that one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. Even seemingly minor accomplishments can cause a positive emotional response that boosts motivation and enhances performance. Small wins, Amabile explains, create an “upward progression.” Each little victory reinforces our belief that progress is possible, even when the final goal feels distant. The problem is that, as adults, we often dismiss small wins as insignificant. Instead of celebrating small moments of progress, we focus on how far we still have to go, leaving us feeling stuck and unmotivated. This brings us back to the toddler at the airport. Every stumble (蹒跚) he made wasn’t met with criticism or a strict reminder of how much more he had to learn — it was met with cheers and encouragement. Imagine how different our lives might feel if we celebrated each other, and ourselves, the way we cheered for that toddler: for trying, for wobbling, and for getting back up. 1．What did the strangers at the airport come together to celebrate as the little boy tried to walk? 2．According to the author, how do adults often treat small wins? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation is achieving major breakthroughs. 4．Give one example of your real-life “wobbles”. (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．The beauty of progress. 2．Adults often treat small wins as insignificant and dismiss them. 3．According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isachieving major breakthroughs. According to the passage, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. 1．I had many difficulties learning to program initially. The code keeps making mistakes, and every failure frustrates me. However, instead of giving up, I kept trying, and slowly, I began to see progress and was able to solve more complex problems. 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是小胜利和日常进步对于维持动力和长期成功的重要性。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“In that brief moment, we came together to celebrate something simple yet profound: the beauty of progress.(在那短暂的时刻，我们聚在一起庆祝一件简单而深刻的事情：进步之美。)”可知，当小男孩试着走路时，机场的陌生人聚在一起庆祝进步之美。故答案为The beauty of progress. 2．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The problem is that, as adults, we often dismiss small wins as insignificant.(问题是，作为成年人，我们常常忽视小胜利的重要性，认为它们微不足道。)”可知，成年人常常把小的胜利视为无关紧要的事情而不予理会。故答案为Adults often treat small wins as insignificant and dismiss them. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Their studies revealed that one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small.(他们的研究表明，保持动力最重要的因素之一不是取得重大突破，而是不断取得进步，无论多么小。)”可知，错误的部分是“achieving major breakthroughs”，因为保持动力最重要的因素之一不是取得重大突破，而是取得持续的进步，无论多么小。故答案为According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation is achieving major breakthroughs. According to the passage, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. 4．开放性题目。我现实生活中“蹒跚学步”的例子是我学习编程时一开始遇到了很多困难。代码总是出错，每次失败都让我感到沮丧。然而，我没有放弃，而是继续尝试，慢慢地，我开始看到进步，能够解决更复杂的问题。故答案为I had many difficulties learning to program initially. The code keeps making mistakes, and every failure frustrates me. However, instead of giving up, I kept trying, and slowly, I began to see progress and was able to solve more complex problems. 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高三上·北京市东城区·期末） My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor. When I was young, I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay he used in his work. But I didn’t have the patience for the firm clay and quickly gave up. Now, as a clinical psychologist, I see so many people who don’t have the ability to wait, and it is no wonder. In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly, why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns? However, learning how to wait is good for us. Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn to sculpt, I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility — being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it comes to mental health. For many of us, the challenge is that being patient now feels harder than ever before. “We’ re not getting the same opportunities to practice waiting as we used to,” says Michel Dugas, a professor. Waiting patiently is so difficult that we often react by doing things that actually make us more impatient, like constantly checking our phones for updates or seeking reassurance from everyone we know.. “Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible, which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations, contributing to worry and anxiety,” says Dugas. But it is possible to develop patience — the ability to regulate your emotions in the face of delays, frustration, adversity and suffering. In my own experience, I’ve found that slowing my breathing, loosening my grip and relaxing my face can help counter impatience — for instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it comes to more significant setbacks, I remind myself of Salzberg, a writer. “There are so many times in my life where I think nothing’s happening for me,” says Salzberg. “Then I look back and say, ’Oh how about that, I was actually planting a seed that I couldn’t have guessed.’ So sometimes I just remind myself that even if I don’t know what it is right now, there is a bigger picture.” 1．Why does the author think people don’t have the ability to wait? 2．What has the author come to realize since missing his chance to learn to sculpt? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations. 4．How do you overcome impatience in life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Because in a world where answers are instantly available, people are not used to dealing with delays and unknowns. 2．The author has come to realize that psychological flexibility is an essential quality for mental health. 3．Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations. Because technology doesn’t enable people to attain certainty in all situations. Instead, it creates a false belief of certainty, leading to worry and anxiety. 1．To overcome impatience in life, cultivate psychological flexibility, regulate emotions by slowing breathing and relaxing, and remind oneself of the broader perspective, recognizing that even in uncertainties, one is planting seeds for future growth. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了等待的重要性及如何培养耐心面对延迟和挫折。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第二段“Now, as a clinical psychologist, I see so many people who don’t have the ability to wait, and it is no wonder. In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly, why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns? (现在，作为一名临床心理学家，我看到很多人没有等待的能力，这并不奇怪。在一个任何问题都可以立即得到答案的世界里，我们为什么要面对延迟和未知呢？)”可知，因为在一个答案即时可用的世界里，人们不习惯处理延误和未知。故答案为：Because in a world where answers are instantly available, people are not used to dealing with delays and unknowns. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn to sculpt, I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility — being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it comes to mental health. (自从错过了学习雕刻的宝贵机会后，我开始意识到心理灵活性——对我们面临延误和挫折时经常出现的不舒服的想法和感受持开放态度并能够容忍——是心理健康的一种基本品质。)”可知，自从错过了学习雕塑的宝贵机会后，作者逐渐意识到心理灵活性是心理健康的重要品质。故答案为：The author has come to realize that psychological flexibility is an essential quality for mental health. 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段中““Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible, which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations, contributing to worry and anxiety,” says Dugas. (Dugas说：“技术创造了一种错误的信念，即确定性是可能的，这导致人们试图在所有情况下都获得确定性，从而加剧了担忧和焦虑。”。)”可知，技术创造了确定性可能的错误信念，这导致人们试图在所有情况下都获得确定性，从而加剧了担忧和焦虑。技术并不能使人们在所有情况下都获得确定性。因此，应划线下划线的部分为it enables them to attain certainty in all situations。故答案为：Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations. Because technology doesn’t enable people to attain certainty in all situations. Instead, it creates a false belief of certainty, leading to worry and anxiety. 4．开放性题目，此题要求回答：你如何克服生活中的急躁情绪？（约40字）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：克服生活中的急躁，培养心理灵活性，通过放慢呼吸和放松来调节情绪，并提醒自己，即使在不确定的情况下，也要为未来的成长播下种子。故答案为：To overcome impatience in life, cultivate psychological flexibility, regulate emotions by slowing breathing and relaxing, and remind oneself of the broader perspective, recognizing that even in uncertainties, one is planting seeds for future growth. Passage 2 （24-25学年高三上·北京市海淀区·期末） The Cambridge Dictionary defines curiosity as “an eager wish to know or learn about something” which comes in various types. Ian Leslie, in his book Curious, outlines three types: “adventurous curiosity”, the desire to explore new places and people; “intellectual curiosity”, the deep dive you take when finding out about a particular topic; and “empathetic curiosity”, the wanting to find out more about the people around us. As children, we bubble over with curiosity. However, as we grow up, it can fade. Worse, we can come to believe that it’s a bad thing. After all, didn’t it kill the cat? Neuroscience suggests one explanation for this decline. Brains in early childhood possess great plasticity and lay down lots of neural pathways based on the information we gather from all that curious exploring and experimenting. However, as we grow older, our brains lose some of that flexibility. And we rely on those earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before. It’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. Whatever underlies our shrinking curiosity, research repeatedly shows that we’d be better off continuing to cultivate it. Curiosity is linked to lower levels of anxiety, a greater satisfaction in life, achieving academically, building empathy and improved relationships. It also protects brain health through staying mentally active by trying something new. These positive effects of curiosity are deeply intertwined with our brain’s chemical responses. Research shows that brain’s dopamine system is activated when something novel happens. Rather than produce pleasure, dopamine actually stimulates our longing to continue the activity, in this case the desire to find out more. It’s easy to see how this brain chemistry has helped us. Curiosity has motivated our ancestors to question, experiment and learn, leading us out of the Stone Age to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age and, finally, to the Information Age. It has sparked our greatest achievements and discoveries and continues in our personal lives to bring greater contentment. So, perhaps the cat was simply unlucky, because for us humans, curiosity continues to be essential, both to our survival and our ability to flourish. 1．What are the three types of curiosity according to Ian Leslie? 2．Why do we rely on earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. 4．How do you develop your curiosity? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Adventurous curiosity, intellectual curiosity, and empathetic curiosity. 2．Because our brains lose some of the flexibility. /Because it’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. 3．When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to stimulate our longing to continue the activity /our desire to find out more. 1．Possible Version 1: I cultivate my curiosity by actively engaging in various activities that can broaden my perspectives and enrich my experiences. For example, joining the robotics club introduces me to cutting-edge technologies, which may ignite my passion to explore more and prepare me for the future innovation. Possible Version 2: I always seek new experiences, whether by traveling to unfamiliar places or exploring new topics through reading. These activities allow me to see the world from fresh perspectives, guiding me to inquire further. Thus, I may become more motivated to explore and gain deeper insights. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了好奇心的种类和作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ian Leslie, in his book Curious, outlines three types: “adventurous curiosity”, the desire to explore new places and people; “intellectual curiosity”, the deep dive you take when finding out about a particular topic; and “empathetic curiosity”, the wanting to find out more about the people around us. (伊恩·莱斯利在他的《好奇》一书中概述了三种类型：“冒险型好奇心”，即探索新地方和新人群的欲望;“知识好奇心”，当你发现一个特定的话题时，你会深入研究;还有“同理心好奇心”，想要更多地了解我们周围的人)”可知，恩·莱斯利在他的《好奇》一书中概述了三种类型： “冒险型好奇心”;“知识好奇心”;“同理心好奇心”。故回答为：Adventurous curiosity, intellectual curiosity, and empathetic curiosity. 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, as we grow older, our brains lose some of that flexibility. And we rely on those earlier pathways to deal with the things we’ve seen and done before. It’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life.(然而，随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑失去了一些灵活性。我们依靠这些早期的途径来处理我们以前见过和做过的事情。这是一种节约大脑能量的方式，以节省精力，提高应对日常生活的能力)”可知，我们要依靠以前的途径来处理我们以前见过和做过的事情是因为我们的大脑失去了一些灵活性。或者是因为这是节约大脑能量的一种方式，既节约又能应付日常生活。故回答为：Because our brains lose some of the flexibility. /Because it’s a way of conserving brain energy for economy and competence in coping with ordinary life. 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Research shows that brain’s dopamine system is activated when something novel happens. Rather than produce pleasure, dopamine actually stimulates our longing to continue the activity, in this case the desire to find out more.(研究表明，当新鲜事物发生时，大脑的多巴胺系统会被激活。多巴胺不是产生愉悦感，而是激发我们继续活动的渴望，在这种情况下是想要发现更多的欲望)”可知，当一些新奇的事情发生时，大脑的多巴胺系统被激活，刺激我们继续活动的渴望/我们想要发现更多的欲望。故回答为：When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to make us feel happy. When something novel happens, the dopamine system of the brain is activated to stimulate our longing to continue the activity /our desire to find out more. 4．考查开放性试题。你是如何培养自己的好奇心的? 通读全文可知，可能的版本1： 我通过积极参加各种活动来培养我的好奇心，这些活动可以拓宽我的视野，丰富我的经验。例如，加入机器人俱乐部可以让我接触到最前沿的技术，这可能会点燃我探索更多的热情，为我未来的创新做好准备。 可能的版本2： 我总是寻求新的体验，无论是去陌生的地方旅行，还是通过阅读探索新的话题。这些活动让我从新的角度看世界，引导我进一步探索。因此，我可能会更有动力去探索，获得更深入的见解。故回答为： Possible Version 1: I cultivate my curiosity by actively engaging in various activities that can broaden my perspectives and enrich my experiences. For example, joining the robotics club introduces me to cutting-edge technologies, which may ignite my passion to explore more and prepare me for the future innovation. Possible Version 2: I always seek new experiences, whether by traveling to unfamiliar places or exploring new topics through reading. These activities allow me to see the world from fresh perspectives, guiding me to inquire further. Thus, I may become more motivated to explore and gain deeper insights. Passage 3 （23-24学年高三上·北京市房山区·期末） When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively. The remarkable memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were first documented in 1900 by the German psychologist Georg Elias Muller and his student Alfons Pilzecker. In one of their many experiments on memory consolidation, Muller and Pilzecker first asked their participants to learn a list of meaningless syllables. Following a short study period, half the group were immediately given a second list to learn—while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing. When tested one-and-a-half hours later, the two groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall. The participants given the break remembered nearly 50% of their list, compared to an average of 28%for the group who had been given no time to recharge their mental batteries. The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information. Taking regular periods of rest, without distraction, could help us all hold onto new material a little more firmly. After all, for many students, the 10-30% improvements recorded in some studies could mark the difference between A grade or B．“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” In the age of information overload, it’s worth remembering that our smartphones aren’t the only thing that needs a regular recharge, our minds clearly do too. 1．According to the first paragraph, what is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material? 2．What did Georg and Alfons’ finding suggest? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks while taking exams. 4．Besides boosting your memory, what else can you do to improve your academic (学业的) performance? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．①Taking the occasional rest time to do nothing at all (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) . ②Dimming the lights, sitting back, and enjoying 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .或者 Just dim the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you'll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better (than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively) . 1．The finding (或者Their finding) suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorized, making it more sensitive to inter fence from new information. 2．To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks (while) taking exams. Aidan Horner encourages students to include 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period.或者“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” 3．Taking notes and reviewing regularly is a useful way to improve my academic performance. I take notes on all subjects everyday and I'm used to reviewing what I have learnt before doing my homework and every examination. I have benefited a lot from this learning method. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现偶尔休息一下，什么都不做可以在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的相关发现。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively.(在尝试记忆新材料时，很容易认为你投入的越多，你的表现就越好。然而，偶尔休息一下——什么都不做——可能正是你所需要的。把灯调暗，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考，你会发现你对刚学到的知识的记忆比你试图利用这段时间更有效地记忆要好得多)”可知，在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法是①偶尔休息一下，什么都不做（是在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法）。②调暗灯光，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考（是在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法）。或者把灯调暗，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考，你会发现你对刚刚学到的知识的记忆要好得多(比你试图更有效地利用这段时间要好得多)。故答案为① Taking the occasional rest time to do nothing at all (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .②Dimming the lights, sitting back, and enjoying 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .或者 Just dim the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better (than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively). 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information.(这一发现表明，我们对新信息的记忆在刚被记住的时候特别弱，这使得它对新信息的干扰更加敏感)”可知，Georg和Alfons的发现表明，我们对新信息的记忆在刚被记住的时候特别弱，这使得它对新信息的干扰更加敏感。故答案为The finding (或者Their finding) suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorized, making it more sensitive to inter fence from new information. 3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段““I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.”(约克大学的艾丹·霍纳说：“我可以想象，你可以在复习期间包括这些10-15分钟的休息时间，这可能是一种有用的方法，可以在以后的记忆能力上有所提高。”)”可知，错误的部分为“(while) taking exams”，艾丹·霍纳鼓励学生在复习期间休息10-15分钟。或者约克大学的艾丹·霍纳说：“我可以想象，你可以在复习期间包括这些10-15分钟的休息时间，这可能是一种有用的方法，可以让你以后的记忆能力得到小幅提高。”故答案为To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks (while) taking exams. Aidan Horner encourages students to include 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period.或者“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” 4．考查开放题。根据“除了提高记忆力，你还能做些什么来提高学习成绩呢？”可回答“记笔记和定期复习是提高学习成绩的有效方法。我每天都做笔记，我习惯在做作业和每次考试之前复习我学过的东西。我从这种学习方法中获益良多”。故答案为Taking notes and reviewing regularly is a useful way to improve my academic performance. I take notes on all subjects everyday and I'm used to reviewing what I have learnt before doing my homework and every examination. I have benefited a lot from this learning method. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $