精品解析：上海市静安区市西中学2025-2026学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

市西中学2025学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语 2025.11 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Britain’s obesity problem is costing our economy almost £100 billion a year and will leave us a sick and poor nation, a report has found. Analysis from the Tony Blair Institute, published by The Times, estimates that the damaging effect ___1___ national productivity from excess weight is nine times greater than previously believed. The cost of obesity is expected to grow by another £10 billion over the next 15 years, according to the report. The total cost of £98 billion, which includes the £63 billion cost of shorter, ___2___ (healthy) lives, is equivalent to about 4 per cent of GDP. Henry Dimbleby, the Government’s former food tsar, has called on ministers ___3___ (launch) smoking-style restrictions on junk food and turn away from plans to put millions of overweight people on weight-loss drugs. According to Mr Dimbleby, ___4___ such interventions are in place, Britain will be left a sick and impoverished nation, the NHS will suck all the money out of the other public services while at the same time, economic growth and tax revenue will stagnate. To date, the government ___5___ (shelve) plans for a 9 pm junk food advertising watershed (禁播起始时间) and a ban on buy-one-get-one-free deals on unhealthy products until 2025. Victoria Atkins, the health secretary, suggests the authorities ___6___ (transfer) from being nanny-statist (管理过度) to giving people help and advice on how to be healthier. A Department of Health spokesman told The Times that it was “taking firm action to tackle obesity” ___7___ actually worked, citing food-labelling guidelines, funding for school sports and giving healthy food vouchers to ___8___ (disadvantage) families. Hermione Dace, of the Tony Blair Institute, told the newspaper that its analysis shows that the health of the nation and our economic growth and prosperity ___9___ (ground) on dealing with obesity. “We need a fresh approach _____10_____ real options are available to people, rebalancing the food system in favour of healthy, cost-effective choices and discouraging profiting from ultra-processed and junk food.” 【答案】1. on 2. unhealthier 3. to launch 4. unless 5. has shelved 6. (should) transfer 7. that/which 8. disadvantaged 9. are grounded 10. where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项分析称英国肥胖危机每年造成近千亿英镑经济损失，相关人士指出若不采取严厉干预，这将导致国民健康恶化、经济停滞，并呼吁政府采取更坚定的行动。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：《泰晤士报》发布的托尼·布莱尔研究所分析估计，超重对国民生产力的破坏性影响是此前预估的九倍。根据空后的“national productivity”可知，空处应用介词on，和名词effect搭配，表示“对……的影响”。故填on。 【2题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：总计980亿英镑的成本，其中包括因寿命缩短和健康恶化导致的630亿英镑损失，约占GDP的4%。空处和shorter并列，作修饰lives的定语，形容词unhealthy“不健康的”符合语境，且需用比较级形式，和shorter保持形式一致。故填unhealthier。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：政府前食品政策负责人亨利·丁布尔比呼吁部长们对垃圾食品实施类似烟草的严格限制，并放弃为超重人群大规模提供减肥药的计划。call on sb. to do是固定短语，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，因此用launch“发起，发动”的不定式形式。故填to launch。 【4题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：根据丁布尔比先生的说法，除非这些干预措施到位，否则英国将沦为贫病交加的国家，NHS会耗尽其他公共服务的资金，同时经济增长和税收将陷入停滞。“英国将沦为贫病交加的国家”建立在“这些干预措施到位”不成立的情况下，因此用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，政府已暂缓原定于2025年前实施的垃圾食品晚间9点广告禁播计划和不健康产品“买一送一”促销限制。空处作句子的谓语，结合“To date”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，shelve“搁置”和主语the government之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has shelved。 【6题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：卫生部长维多利亚·阿特金斯建议当局从管理过度转变为向人们提供帮助和建议，告诉他们如何变得更健康。suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分用“should+动词原形”的形式，且should可以省略。故填(should) transfer。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：卫生部的一名发言人告诉《泰晤士报》，他们正在“采取坚定的行动来解决肥胖问题”，这实际上是有效的，他提到了食品标签指南、资助学校体育活动以及向弱势家庭发放健康食品券。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词action，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：卫生部的一名发言人告诉《泰晤士报》，他们正在“采取坚定的行动来解决肥胖问题”，这实际上是有效的，他提到了食品标签指南、资助学校体育活动以及向弱势家庭发放健康食品券。空处作修饰families的定语，形容词disadvantaged符合题意，意为“贫困的，处于不利地位的”。故填disadvantaged。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：托尼·布莱尔研究所的赫敏·戴斯在接受报纸采访时表示，该分析表明，国家的健康以及我们的经济增长和繁荣是建立在解决肥胖问题的基础上的。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，be grounded on“以……为根据”是固定短语，应用被动语态，且主语是两个名词短语，be动词应用are。故填are grounded。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“我们需要一种新的方法，为人们提供真正的选择，重新平衡食品体系，支持健康、具有成本效益的选择，并阻止从超加工食品和垃圾食品中获利。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词approach，先行词在从句中表示“为人们提供真正的选择”发生的抽象地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. revealed B. consumption C. complexities D. sought-after E. priced F. lottery G performance H. adorable I. functional J. unchecked K. necessities Beijing-based Pop Mart estimated that its third-quarter revenue increased by 120 to 125 percent in a business update. Analysts said the ____11____ of China’s leading blind box toy retailer had “far exceeded market expectations”. Pop Mart has millions of young fans who may not earn a lot but seem generous spenders on small toys that offer them emotional and social value. Products like blind box toys, odd accessories and decorative items have become highly ____12____, especially among young people. Such items, often not necessarily ____13____, serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression. The blind box economy is based on the sale of products in packaging that hides the item’s appearance or specific design, creating a sense of mystery that is only ____14____ on opening. There is also a ____15____ element of possibly acquiring a rare item with a higher potential resale value. A small Pop Mart blind box is normally ____16____ between 69 and 79 yuan (US$9.70 to US$11) and larger ones can sell for several thousand yuan. Cao Zuo, a university student in Shanghai who is a fan of Pop Mart’s toys, said that people who continue to buy blind boxes are “paying for love” as they contain “____17____” products that “provide a kind of mental satisfaction”. In this sense, China’s Gen Z are seeking solace through “emotional consumption”. “Young people also tend to be impulse buyers with ____18____ spending habits and dare to take unknown risks,” she said. Mo Daiqing, a senior analyst at the China E-Commerce Research Centre, said despite their relatively high prices, such items are still affordable to most people because they are not frequently consumed daily ____19____. “People are also focusing more on the shopping experience, which some of the brands, such as Jellycat, do quite well, making consumers feel happy and relaxed,” she added. In fact such toys sold in blind boxes are not only targeted at children, but adults as well. Maybe Labubu can offer a retreat into an illusion of childhood simplicity, to escape the ______20______ that overwhelm our adult world. In a moment of global markets and mass production, maybe the fantasy of limited availability substitutes for creativity or specialness. 【答案】11. G 12. D 13. I 14. A 15. F 16. E 17. H 18. J 19. K 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文分析中国盲盒玩具市场。Pop Mart营收增长，盲盒因其情感价值受欢迎。文章探讨其消费特点、心理满足及对成人的吸引力，认为其提供情感寄托，有别于日常消费。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：分析人士表示，中国领先的盲盒玩具零售商的表现“远远超出了市场预期”。根据前文“Beijing-based Pop Mart estimated that its third-quarter revenue increased by 120 to 125 percent in a business update.(总部位于北京的泡泡玛特估计，其第三季度收入在业务更新中增长了120%至125%。)”可知，泡泡玛特第三季度的收入增长幅度很大，所以此处表示分析人士认为泡泡玛特的表现“远远超出了市场预期”，设空处使用名词作主语，performance意为“表现”，为不可数名词。故选G。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：盲盒玩具、奇形怪状的配饰和装饰品等产品变得非常受欢迎，尤其是在年轻人中。根据后文“Such items, often not necessarily ____3____ , serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression. (这类物品通常不一定具有实用性，但可以作为安慰、娱乐或自我表达的来源。)”以及常识可知，盲盒玩具、奇形怪状的配饰和装饰品等产品很受年轻人欢迎，设空处使用形容词作表语，sought-after意为“受欢迎的”，符合句意。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这类物品通常不一定具有实用性，但可以作为安慰、娱乐或自我表达的来源。根据后文“serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression(可以作为安慰、娱乐或自我表达的来源)”可知，这类物品不一定具有实用性，设空处使用形容词修饰前文的“物品”，functional意为“实用的”，符合句意。故选I。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：盲盒经济是基于销售包装隐藏物品外观或特定设计的产品，创造了一种只有在打开时才能揭开的神秘感。根据前文“creating a sense of mystery(创造了一种神秘感)”以及后文“on opening(在打开时)”可知，这种神秘感在打开包装时才会被揭开，设空处使用动词过去分词与前文的is作that引导定语从句的谓语，reveal意为“揭开，揭露”，此处使用过去分词，与前文构成一般现在时的被动语态，符合句意。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：还有一种可能获得具有更高潜在转售价值的稀有物品的彩票元素。根据后文“possibly acquiring a rare item with a higher potential resale value(可能获得具有更高潜在转售价值的稀有物品)”可知，购买盲盒还有一种类似彩票中奖的元素，设空处使用名词作定语，lottery意为“彩票”，符合句意。故选F。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：一个小型的泡泡玛特盲盒通常定价在69元到79元(9.70美元到11美元)之间，大型的盲盒可以卖到几千元。根据后文“between 69 and 79 yuan(69元到79元之间)”可知，此处表示小型泡泡玛特盲盒的定价，设空处使用动词过去分词与前文的is构成一般现在时的被动语态，作谓语，priced意为“定价”，符合句意。故选E。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：上海大学生曹佐是泡泡玛特玩具的粉丝，她说，继续购买盲盒的人是在“为爱买单”，因为盲盒里装着“可爱”的产品，“提供了一种精神上的满足”。根据后文“provide a kind of mental satisfaction(提供了一种精神上的满足)”可知，盲盒里的产品很可爱，设空处使用形容词作定语，adorable意为“可爱的”，符合句意。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她说：“年轻人也倾向于冲动购物，消费习惯不受约束，敢于承担未知的风险。”根据后文“dare to take unknown risks(敢于承担未知的风险)”可知，年轻人的消费习惯不受约束，设空处使用形容词作定语，unchecked意为“不受约束的”，符合句意。故选J。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国电子商务研究中心高级分析师莫岱青表示，尽管这些商品的价格相对较高，但由于它们不是日常必需品，大多数人仍然买得起。根据前文“such items are still affordable to most people(大多数人仍然买得起这些商品)”以及后文“not frequently consumed(不经常被消费)”可知，这些商品不是日常必需品，所以大多数人仍然买得起，设空处使用名词作宾语，necessities意为“必需品”，符合句意。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：也许拉布布可以提供一个退回到童年简单幻想的避难所，以逃避成年世界的复杂性。根据前文“an illusion of childhood simplicity(童年简单的幻想)”以及后文“overwhelm our adult world(压倒我们的成人世界)”可知，此处表示逃避成年世界的复杂性，设空处使用名词作宾语，complexities意为“复杂性”，符合句意。故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. implement B. is blessed with C. invites D. delights in E. established F. granting G. booming H. fulfill I. disciplined J. considerable K. amount to 21. She ________ a natural talent for music and can play several instruments. 22. Such a badly presented exhibition ________ criticism. 23. The charity received a(n) ________ amount of donations after the news report. 24. After years of research and publishing, the scientist ________ herself as an expert in the field. 25. My brother ________ telling me when I make a mistake. 26. A senior army officer has been ________ for revealing secret government plans to the media. 27. Army leaders say the retreat from the area does not ________ an end to the war. 28. The determination of policy is not your business — your job is to ________ it. 29. We’re looking for a very specific sort of person and this woman seems to ________ all of our criteria. 30. By ________ her the flexibility to work remotely, the manager addressed her immediate personal needs. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. J 24. E 25. D 26. I 27. K 28. A 29. H 30. F 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：她天生具有音乐天赋，能演奏多种乐器。根据空后的“a natural talent for music”可知，此处指“天生拥有；有幸具有”，选项B “is blessed with” 为固定短语，意为“被赋予；有幸拥有”，符合语境。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语She为第三人称单数，短语形式匹配。故填B。 【22题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：这样一个呈现糟糕的展览招致了批评。根据“a badly presented exhibition”和“criticism”的逻辑关系可知，此处指“招致；引发”，选项C “invites” 此处意为“招致；吸引”（非“邀请”义），符合语境。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：新闻报道后，该慈善机构收到了大量捐款。根据空后的“amount of donations”可知，此处需填形容词修饰“amount”，选项J “considerable” 意为“相当多的；可观的”，“a considerable amount of” 为固定搭配，指“大量的”，符合语境。故填J。 【24题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：经过多年的研究和出版，这位科学家在该领域确立了自己的专家地位。根据“herself as an expert in the field”可知，此处指“确立；使立足”，选项E “established” 为动词，意为“建立；确立”，“establish oneself as” 为固定搭配，指“确立自己作为……的地位”。结合“After years of research and publishing”可知，句子描述过去完成的动作，用一般过去时。故填E。 【25题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：我哥哥总喜欢在我犯错的时候说我。根据“telling me when I make a mistake”可知，此处指“乐于；喜欢”，选项D “delights in” 为固定短语，意为“乐于；喜爱”，后接动名词作宾语，符合语境。句子描述习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语My brother为第三人称单数，短语中delight用第三人称单数形式。故填D。 【26题详解】 考查语态。句意：一名高级军官因向媒体泄露政府秘密计划而受到处分。根据“for revealing secret government plans to the media”可知，此处指“受到处分；被惩罚”，选项I “disciplined” 为过去分词，构成现在完成时的被动语态，符合语境。故填I。 【27题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：军方领导人表示，从该地区撤军并不意味着战争结束。根据“a retreat from the area”和“an end to the war”的逻辑关系可知，此处指“等同于；意味着”，选项K “amount to” 为固定短语，意为“总计；等同于”，符合语境。助动词does not后接动词原形。故填K。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：制定政策与你无关——你的工作是执行它。根据“The determination of policy is not your business”可知，此处指“执行；实施”，选项A “implement” 意为“实施；执行”，符合语境。不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填A。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们正在寻找一种非常特定类型的人，而这位女士似乎符合我们所有的标准。根据“all of our criteria”可知，此处指“满足；符合”，选项H “fulfill” 意为“满足；实现”，符合语境。seem to后接动词原形。故填H。 【30题详解】 考查动名词。句意：通过给予她远程工作的灵活性，经理满足了她当下的个人需求。根据“her the flexibility to work remotely”可知，此处指“给予；授予”，选项F “granting” 为动词grant的动名词形式，意为“给予；授予”，“grant sb. sth.” 为固定搭配，指“授予某人某物”。介词By后接动名词作宾语。故填F。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Long long ago, colleagues would suggest changes to documents in turn. They would make comments and add revisions to a file on their own computer, and then send it on to the next person. It was ____31____ and inconvenient. The era of the shared doc has made this process much more user-friendly. But like all social activities, it has the great ____32____ of exposing you to other people. Start with the fact that you can see who else is in the document. A succession of initials at the top of the screen confirms that your actions are now being observed by ____33____ people. One of these initials fades and brightens every few minutes, as the person in question ____34____ exits and re-enters the document. They either have nothing to do or are deeply anxious about what may be about to happen. If they are the owner of the document, they are absolutely right to worry, for people will be busy rendering (提供) public ____35____ on their work. A cursor (光标) jumps rapidly from paragraph to paragraph, and then suddenly stops. It remains ____36____. Something must be very, very wrong with what they are reading. It moves more slowly after that, its confidence in the author visibly ____37____. If enough people are involved, chaos follows. Someone adds a paragraph, causing someone else to make ____38____ in the wrong place. Two people are engaged in a furious ____39____ battle over a single word in the shared doc, taking it by turns to overwrite each other. If you are the owner of the document, you do not have to watch this disaster unfold in real time. But it will still seek you out. Countless emails arrive to tell you that there has been “_____40_____” in the document. When you finally go back into the document, you survey the scene. Suggestions _____41_____ the text. A wall of comments runs down one side of the screen. So many of them have been left that some are impossible to see at first. You will start accepting, replying, _____42_____ and resolving. In a shared doc, a tap on a keyboard awakens your colleagues. As you go through the doc, those emails are silently flying off to tell people you have been busy. Initials start to _____43_____ at the top of the screen. Silently, they cluster and wait. You know that they are gearing up to _____44_____ again. There will be more changes, more comments, more activity. A shared doc allows you to gather more opinions, and to bat things back and forth; ideas are less likely to be dismissed for no good reason. There is _____45_____ in the crowd. But there is an awful lot of noise, too. 31. A. impractical B. inefficient C. inaccessible D. unstable 32. A. method B. chance C. drawback D. pressure 33. A. multiple B. strange C. idle D. talented 34. A. unconsciously B. nervously C. occasionally D. repeatedly 35. A. judgement B. appreciation C. praise D. demand 36. A. irregular B. insensitive C. immobile D. impersonal 37. A. restored B. boosted C. eased D. shaken 38. A. connections B. alterations C. claims D. drafts 39. A. legal B. virtual C. psychological D. daily 40. A. activity B. trouble C. damage D. silence 41. A. decorate B. replace C. litter D. spread 42. A. rejecting B. complaining C. boasting D. accusing 43. A. fade B. stick C. lie D. reappear 44. A. sacrifice B. strike C. emerge D. retreat 45. A. limitation B. chaos C. wisdom D. disagreement 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章指出传统的文档修改方式低效且不透明，通过描述共享文档编辑时的具体过程，说明共享文档虽便于协作，但会暴露编辑过程、引发焦虑，并可能导致混乱，这能集思广益，但也伴随干扰。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这既低效又不方便。A. impractical不切实际的；B. inefficient低效的；C. inaccessible难以到达的；D. unstable不稳定的。根据上文“They would make comments and add revisions to a file on their own computer, and then send it on to the next person.”可知，传统的文档修改方式是同事们在自己的电脑上对文件进行评论和修改，然后将其发送给下一个人，这种方式效率低下。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像所有的社交活动一样，它有一个很大的缺点，就是让你暴露在其他人面前。A. method方法；B. chance机会；C. drawback缺点；D. pressure压力。根据下文“exposing you to other people”可知，让一个人暴露在其他人面前是共享文档很大的缺点。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：屏幕上方连续出现的首字母确认你的动作现在被多人观察到。A. multiple多个的；B. strange奇怪的；C. idle无事可做的；D. talented有才华的。根据上文“A succession of initials at the top of the screen”可知，屏幕上方连续出现的首字母代表多人进入了共享文档，个人的动作现在可以被多人观察到。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些首字母中的一个每隔几分钟就会变暗变亮，因为这个人反复地退出和重新进入文档。A. unconsciously无意识地；B. nervously紧张地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. repeatedly重复地。根据上文“One of these initials fades and brightens every few minutes”可知，这些首字母中的一个每隔几分钟就会变暗变亮，说明这个用户反复地退出和重新进入文档。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他们是文档的所有者，他们的担心是完全正确的，因为人们将忙于对他们的工作进行公众评判。A. judgement判断；B. appreciation欣赏；C. praise赞扬；D. demand要求。根据上文“They would make comments and add revisions to a file on their own computer”可知，同事之间编辑文档主要是进行评论和修改，他人编辑共享文档意味着对文档所有者的工作进行公众评判。故选A。 【36题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它保持不动。A. irregular不规则的；B. insensitive不敏感的；C. immobile不动的；D. impersonal非个人的。根据上文“then suddenly stops”可知，光标突然停止后，就保持不动了。故选C。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，它的移动更慢了，对作者的信心明显动摇了。A. restored恢复；B. boosted提升；C. eased缓解；D. shaken动摇。根据上文“Something must be very, very wrong with what they are reading. It moves more slowly after that”可知，其他用户的光标不动通常会被视作文档中有非常错误的地方，光标移动更慢则意味着还有更多的错误，因此会动摇对文档作者的信心。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人加了一段，导致别人在错误的地方做了改动。A. connections联系；B. alterations变动；C. claims声称；D. drafts草稿。根据上文“They would make comments and add revisions to a file on their own computer”可知，同事之间编辑文档主要是进行评论和修改，因此一人加了一段有可能导致别人在错误的地方做改动。故选B。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两个人正在为共享文档中的一个单词进行激烈的虚拟战斗，轮流改写对方（的内容）。A. legal法律的；B. virtual虚拟的；C. psychological心理的；D. daily日常的。根据下文“in the shared doc”可知，共享文档是线上活动，两人是进行激烈的虚拟战斗。故选B。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无数电子邮件告诉你文档中有“活动”。A. activity活动；B. trouble麻烦；C. damage损害；D. silence沉默。根据上文“If you are the owner of the document, you do not have to watch this disaster unfold in real time.”可知，电子邮件会被发送给共享文档作者，告知文档中有各种被编辑修改的“活动”。故选A。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：文章中到处都是建议。A. decorate装饰；B. replace替换；C. litter使饱含；D. spread传播。根据下文“A wall of comments runs down one side of the screen. So many of them have been left that some are impossible to see at first.”可知，文章中有堵评论墙，建议多到有些甚至看不见的地步，因此是指文章中饱含着建议，即到处都是建议。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你会开始接受、回答、拒绝和解决问题。A. rejecting拒绝；B. complaining抱怨；C. boasting吹嘘；D. accusing指责。根据上文“You will start accepting, replying”和下文“and resolving”可知，文档作者在忙着处理同事们给出的修改和评论，可能会拒绝其中一些问题。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首字母开始重新出现在屏幕的顶部。A. fade褪色；B. stick黏贴；C. lie躺；D. reappear再出现。根据下文“Silently, they cluster and wait.”可知，随着文档的作者开始工作，首字母重新出现在屏幕的顶部，好似聚集在一起等待。故选D。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你知道它们正准备再次发动袭击。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. strike袭击；C. emerge出现；D. retreat撤退。根据下文“There will be more changes, more comments, more activity.”可知，接下来文档中会有更多的变化，更多的评论，更多的活动，这意味着这些首字母背后的同事正准备再次发动袭击，这里用幽默的手法表现共享文档作者的焦虑不安。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人群中有智慧。A. limitation限制；B. chaos混乱；C. wisdom智慧；D. disagreement分歧。根据下文“But there is an awful lot of noise, too.”可知，后面有转折，指出多人在共享文档中操作会出现很多噪音，即很多干扰的想法，前面是肯定这也有其优点，指人群中有智慧，能贡献真正有益的想法。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As a little girl, a significant part of my childhood was spent in my grandma’s country kitchen. An old stove anchored one side of the room, and her sparkling counter tops (台板) were always tidy, topped only by a simple bread box. Yet, the most treasured possession in that entire space was her recipe box. A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive (倾斜的花体字). Her small dinner table provided the perfect stage for her glorious fresh-fruit pies — strawberry, blueberry, apple, cherry. Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty “S” for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. I remember asking her once why she went through the extra trouble of making the “S”. She smiled gently and said, “When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love.” That tiny, warm kitchen was the undeniable heart of our family, the gathering place for every Sunday dinner and holiday celebration. But it was far more than just a place for preparing meals. It was the sacred space where she connected our family’s past to the present, teaching me about my roots and heritage through the stories behind each dish she lovingly prepared. The kitchen was also where I shared my secrets with her. After the baking was done and the scent of warm pastry hung in the air, she would sit with me, and over a glass of milk, I would pour out my heart about school, friends, and my dreams for the future. Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. I pull out the treasured recipe box and bake the same desserts. And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual: I cut two slices of pie, pour a cup of black coffee for her and a glass of milk for myself. Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance. 46. Which of the following statements is true about the recipes in the grandmother’s box? A. They were written by different family members. B. They were mainly for everyday meals. C. They were organized into different categories. D. They were copied from a famous cookbook. 47. The word “demonstrable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. obvious B. hidden C. proud D. unusual 48. What can be inferred about the grandma’s character from the passage? A. She was ambitious and sought public recognition for her baking. B. She was traditional and believed in strict family rules. C. She expressed her love and pride through actions rather than words. D. She was resistant to change and held onto past traditions stubbornly. 49. What is the main purpose of the author’s “little ritual” at Thanksgiving now? A. To prove that she is as good a baker as her grandma. B. To keep her grandma’s kitchen traditions a secret. C. To teach her own children about family recipes. D. To remember and feel connected to her grandma. 【答案】46. C 47. A 48. C 49. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过回忆祖母的食谱盒和厨房时光，讲述了祖母通过烘焙和陪伴传递关爱与家庭传统的故事，以及作者如何延续这份爱与记忆。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive. (我的祖母是一位出色的烘焙师，她珍视这个朴素的木盒，里面装满了备受喜爱且秘不外传的家庭食谱。 它们被分成不同的类别——馅饼、蛋糕、饼干、面包——全部用她独特的倾斜花体字书写。)”可知，祖母盒子里的食谱是分门别类整理的。故选C。 【47题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. (这是我那位安静而自信的祖母曾经展现出的唯一一个……骄傲的标志。)”，结合上文“Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty ‘S’ for her last name, Shipman. (每个金色的馅饼酥皮上都装饰着一个漂亮的‘S’，代表她的姓，希普曼。)”可知，祖母在每个馅饼酥皮上都装饰上代表她姓氏的字母“S”，这是她唯一外在的、可见的展示自豪感的行为。因此可推知“demonstrable”意为“明显的，显而易见的”。A选项“obvious(明显的)”与之意思最接近。故选A。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“ Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty ‘S’ for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. (每个金色的馅饼酥皮上都装饰着一个漂亮的‘S’，代表她的姓，希普曼。这是我那位安静而自信的祖母曾经展现出的唯一一个明显的骄傲的标志。)”及祖母说的“When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love .(当你把自己的名字放在某样东西上时，我亲爱的，你就是在承诺它是用心和爱制作的。)”可以推断， 祖母性格沉稳，不轻易用语言表达情感，而是通过制作美食、刻名字等行动传递爱与骄傲 。C选项“她通过行动而非言语来表达她的爱和自豪”符合题意。故选C。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. (现在，每到感恩节，我都会延续这个传统。)”，“And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual (做完之后，我还会进行我们的小仪式)”及“Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance.(然后，我在自己的厨房餐桌旁坐下，告诉祖母我生活中的一切，让这种联系跨越时间和距离依然保持活力。)”可知，作者在感恩节延续这个“小仪式”的目的是为了纪念祖母，并感觉与她保持着联系。D选项“为了回忆和感受和她祖母的联系”符合题意。故选D。 (B) Every Step Counts, Every Mile Matters! Event: Beijing Marathon — Run for Charity Goal: To raise funds and awareness for children in need in rural Gansu Province. By the Numbers: The 2016 Impact Runners Participating: 2,000 dedicated charity runners Total Funds Raised: ¥87,000 Children Supported: 590 students from 15 schools Essential Items Provided: Warm winter jackets and school stationery sets Runners’ Stories “Crossing the finish line felt amazing, but knowing why I was running felt even better. My effort helped buy a warm coat for a child who might otherwise be cold in winter. That thought carried me through every kilometer.” ——Teng Lijun, University Student “Training for this after a long workday was tough, but it gave me a powerful sense of purpose beyond my job. It showed me that even a busy professional can contribute to something bigger.” ——Mark Chen, Financial Analyst Beyond the Donation: Ripple Effects The initiative aimed to do more than just provide material support. A team of runners visited the schools in Gansu to personally deliver the supplies. They shared stories of their training and the marathon, hoping to inspire the children to pursue their own goals and face challenges with resilience (韧性). The visit ended with fun relay races, where laughter and encouragement were as abundant as the new school supplies. Join the Movement! Want to make a difference in next year’s event? Here’s how you can get involved: ✔Sign up as a charity runner and raise sponsorship. ✔Contribute any amount through our secure online platform. ✔Share our story on social media to help us reach more supporters. Together, we can run towards a brighter future for every child. 50. What was the primary goal of the Run for Charity initiative? A. To promote the Beijing Marathon internationally B. To help needy children in a rural area C. To find the fastest runners in the country D. To encourage students to become professional athletes 51. According to passage, what was provided for the 590 children? A Electronic devices and online courses B. Sports equipment and tournament fees C. School supplies and winter clothing D. Scholarships for university education 52. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to support the initiative? A. Signing up to run and collect sponsorship B. Volunteering at water stations during the marathon C. Donating money through the official website D. Sharing information on social media platforms 【答案】50. B 51. C 52. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍北京马拉松慈善跑活动，旨在为甘肃贫困儿童筹集资金，并帮助他们提高意识。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第二行“Goal: To raise funds and awareness for children in need in rural Gansu Province.(目标：为甘肃省农村地区需要帮助的儿童筹集资金和提高意识。)”可知，“为爱奔跑”这一活动的首要目标是为甘肃省农村地区需要帮助的儿童筹集资金和提高意识，也就是帮助农村地区的贫困儿童。故选B。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第三行“Children Supported: 590 students from 15 schools(受助儿童：来自15所学校的590名学生)”以及“Essential Items Provided: Warm winter jackets and school stationery sets(提供的基本物品：温暖的冬季夹克和学校文具套装)”可知，活动为这590名儿童提供了学校用品和冬季衣物。故选C。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第四行“Want to make a difference in next year’s event? Here’s how you can get involved: Sign up as a charity runner and raise sponsorship.(想在明年的活动中有所作为吗？以下是你如何参与的方式：报名成为慈善跑步者并筹集赞助。)”、“Contribute any amount through our secure online platform.(通过我们安全的在线平台捐款任意金额。)”以及“Share our story on social media to help us reach more supporters.(在社交媒体上分享我们的故事，以帮助我们接触到更多的支持者。)”可知，支持该活动的方式有报名成为慈善跑步者并筹集赞助、通过官方网站捐款以及在社交媒体平台上分享信息，B选项“Volunteering at water stations during the marathon(在马拉松期间在水站做志愿者)”文章未提及。故选B。 (C) Have you ever entered a store and noticed a pleasant smell of fresh bread or coffee? This is often not by chance. Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more. A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed. Why does this work so well? Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good. For example, the smell of baking bread might remind you of your grandmother’s kitchen, making you feel warm and comfortable. When customers feel happy and relaxed, they are more likely to stay longer in the store and make purchases. Importantly, we usually notice these smells without full awareness, so their effect on our choices is subtle yet powerful. Besides supermarkets, many other places now use scent marketing. For example, some hotels release a relaxing smell of lavender (薰衣草) in their lobbies to help guests feel calm and welcome. Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping. This strategy is becoming more common because it offers a simple way to improve the customer’s experience without them even realizing it. However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending. Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal. 53. According to the passage, what specific result did the Brooklyn supermarket observe after installing scent machines? A. Customers complained about artificial smells. B. Sales of baked goods significantly increased. C. The machines were removed due to high costs. D. Customers preferred the smell of sea air over food scents. 54. Based on the explanation of how scent marketing works, why might a clothing store use light floral scents? A. To cover up unpleasant odors in the dressing rooms. B. To remind customers of nature and encourage eco-friendly purchases. C. To create an atmosphere where shoppers feel more comfortable. D. To alert customers to its potential stealth marketing. 55. The phrase “a form of manipulation” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A. making customers buy things they do not truly want B. using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness C. tricking people into believing products are more valuable than they are D. forcing businesses to use expensive scent machines 56. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the entire passage? A. The History of Supermarket Advertising B. The Science of Baking and Bread Smells C. Why Customers Dislike Scent Machines D. How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior 【答案】53. B 54. C 55. B 56. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍“气味营销”现象。文章指出商家利用特定气味营造购物环境，吸引顾客延长停留时间并增加消费。文章以布鲁克林超市为例说明其效果，解释气味与记忆和情绪的关联，并提及酒店、服装店等也运用此策略。最后，文章也讨论了这种做法引发的关于操控的争议。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed.(一个著名的例子来自布鲁克林的一家超市，这家超市安装了小型气味机。这些设备在不同时间释放出巧克力饼干或海风等诱人的气味。店经理发现，顾客不仅停留的时间更长，而且购物体验也更好。更重要的是，安装了这些机器后，一些商品，尤其是烘焙食品的销量明显上升。)”可知，布鲁克林超市安装了气味机后，观察到烘焙食品的销量显著增加。故选B。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good.(研究表明，气味与记忆和情感紧密相连。这是因为我们大脑中处理气味的部分与处理情感和记忆的部分很近。当我们闻到令人愉快的气味时，它会唤起美好的回忆，让我们感觉良好。)”以及第四段“Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping.(服装店可能会使用淡淡的花香来营造一个清新干净的环境，让顾客更愿意试穿衣服，享受购物时光。)”可知，服装店使用淡淡的花香是为了创造一个让购物者感觉更舒适的环境。故选C。 【55题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending.(然而，一些人担心这种做法是……。他们质疑使用隐藏的方法来影响消费是否正确。)”以及后文“Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal.(他们质疑使用隐蔽手段影响消费是否恰当。尽管存在这些担忧，气味营销在酒店业到汽车经销商等各个行业中的应用仍在不断扩大，这表明对许多企业来说，调动嗅觉感官与视觉吸引力一样重要。)”可知，一些人担心这种做法是一种隐蔽手段影响消费，质疑该方法是否正确，故划线词“a form of manipulation”指的是“一种操纵手段”，B选项“using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness(利用隐秘手段在人们毫无察觉的情况下对他们施加影响)”与划线词意思相近。故选B。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more.(许多企业现在使用一种称为气味营销的策略来塑造顾客的感受和购物行为。通过在商店里注入特定的气味，他们创造了一个欢迎的环境，鼓励人们停留更长时间，花更多的钱。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了气味营销这一策略，以及它是如何秘密地影响购物行为的，因此，D选项“How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior(气味如何秘密地影响购物行为)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A Chicken Cutlet (肉排), with a Side of Stand-up China has no shortage of internet celebrities. But the latest viral star is not a pop idol or a make-up influencer. He is a 48-year-old fried-chicken vendor from Jingdezhen. In less than a week, Li Junyong has attracted more than 300,000 followers on Douyin after videos of his talk-show-style salesmanship spread online. The food itself is unremarkable. His performance is not. Between flipping cutlets, he entertains customers with wisecracks. “The chicken is free,” he declares, “but the plastic bag costs six yuan.” Or: “You can refuse me, but never refuse my chicken.” ____57____ Part of Mr Li’s appeal is consistency. Rain or shine, he appears at his stall, often until late at night. Students, office workers and pensioners alike line up, many returning daily. ____58____ He greets customers as “old friends,” recalls their orders precisely, and even offers schoolchildren a one-yuan discount after 4.30 p.m. “My dream is to ensure every customer has a pleasant experience,” he explains. Success, however, is tiring. Mr Li now sleeps no more than three or four hours a night. ____59____ His sudden popularity has also drawn attention from livestreamers and rival vendors eager to bask in the glow of his fame. He remains unfazed (未受干扰): “Their presence is a way of showing support — for me, for Jingdezhen, and for Jiangxi.” Local officials have also spotted an opportunity. On September 29th the city’s culture bureau named him “Cultural and Tourism Ambassador.” It is a title usually reserved for opera singers or sports stars, but in Mr Li’s case it signals a broader trend. ____60____ Mr Li’s rise also hints at deeper undercurrents in Chinese consumer culture. Social media users, weary of fake influencers and contrived marketing campaigns, are drawn to his unpolished authenticity. A. He admits he is exhausted but insists he is happy: “I can’t let those waiting in line down.” B. Delivered in the rhythm of a seasoned entertainer, his lines have won him the nickname “the chicken cutlet curator”. C. Such calmness, and his refusal to argue about who benefits, only adds to his appeal. D. Cities across China increasingly make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements, hoping to turn their fleeting fame into sustainable tourism. E. Some say his chicken is good, but his warmth is better. F. His success has inspired many young people to start their own businesses. 【答案】57. B 58. E 59. A 60. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了炸鸡排摊主李俊永因独特的脱口秀式销售风格而走红网络，并成为当地文旅大使的故事。 【57题详解】 由上文“Between flipping cutlets, he entertains customers with wisecracks. ‘The chicken is free,’ he declares, ‘but the plastic bag costs six yuan.’ Or: ‘You can refuse me, but never refuse my chicken.’ (在翻炸肉排的间隙，他用俏皮话逗乐顾客。‘鸡肉免费，’他宣称，‘但塑料袋六块钱。’或者：‘你可以拒绝我，但绝不能拒绝我的炸鸡。’) ” 可知，本空要总结他这种表演风格带来的影响或称号，B选项“Delivered in the rhythm of a seasoned entertainer, his lines have won him the nickname ‘the chicken cutlet curator’. (以资深表演者的节奏说出来，他的台词为他赢得了‘鸡排主理人’的绰号。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“his lines”指代上文的“wisecracks”和具体台词，且该选项中的“the chicken cutlet curator”这个昵称，是对他独特销售风格的总结和升华。故选B。 【58题详解】 由上文“Students, office workers and pensioners alike line up, many returning daily. (学生、上班族和退休老人都在排队，许多人每天都来。)”以及下文“He greets customers as ‘old friends,’ recalls their orders precisely, and even offers schoolchildren a one-yuan discount after 4.30 p.m. (他把顾客称为‘老朋友’，准确记得他们的订单，甚至在下午4点半后给小学生提供一元折扣。)”可知，本空要说明顾客持续光顾的原因不仅在于食物，更在于摊主本人带来的感受，E选项“Some say his chicken is good, but his warmth is better. (有人说他的炸鸡好，但他的热情更好。) ”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“his chicken is good”承接了顾客排队购买的现象，而“his warmth is better”则引出了下文他对待顾客的温暖细节，形成了过渡。故选E。 【59题详解】 由上文“Mr Li now sleeps no more than three or four hours a night. (李先生现在每晚睡眠不超过三四个小时。)”以及下文“His sudden popularity has also drawn attention from livestreamers and rival vendors (他突然的走红也吸引了主播和竞争对手摊主的注意)”可知，本空要解释他睡眠不足的原因并表达他的态度，A选项“He admits he is exhausted but insists he is happy: ‘I can’t let those waiting in line down.’ (他承认自己很累，但坚持表示自己很快乐：‘我不能让那些排队的人失望。’)” 能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“exhausted”与上文“tiring”和“sleeps no more than three or four hours”相呼应。故选A。 【60题详解】 由上文“It is a title usually reserved for opera singers or sports stars, but in Mr Li’s case it signals a broader trend. (这个头衔通常是为歌剧歌手或体育明星保留的，但在李俊永的案例中，它标志着一个更广泛的趋势。)”以及下文“Mr Li’s rise also hints at deeper undercurrents in Chinese consumer culture. (李俊永的崛起也暗示着中国消费文化中更深层次的暗流。) ”可知，本空要具体说明这个“更广泛的趋势”是什么，D选项“Cities across China increasingly make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements, hoping to turn their fleeting fame into sustainable tourism. (中国各地的城市越来越多地利用网络名人作为活广告，希望将他们短暂的名气转化为可持续的旅游业。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements (利用网络名人作为活广告)”具体解释了“broader trend (更广泛的趋势)”的内涵，即网络名人成为城市代言的新现象。故选D。 III. Summary Writing 61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Gossip “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gossip is very common and it has three effects. Gossipers hurt people by exposing shameful secrets or lies about the victim. Gossip also gives gossipers satisfaction for gossip makes them feel superior and part of the group. Social pressures resulted from gossip make people watch their behavior and conform to the group. People should consider the effects before gossiping. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了说闲话的消极影响。 【详解】第一步：阅读 1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。 第二步：写作步骤 1.浏览课文，找出主题：介绍了说闲话的消极影响。 2.分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为一部分：Gossip is very common and it has three effects 3.写下每个主要思想的支持点，不涉及细节。支持点：1.Gossipers hurt people by exposing shameful secrets or lies about the victim.2. Gossip also gives gossipers satisfaction for gossip makes them feel superior and part of the group. 3.Social pressures resulted from gossip make people watch their behavior and conform to the group. 4.按照逻辑顺序组织主要和相关的支持点， 使用最短的连接词进行连接。如：and，or，before 第三步：修改成文 草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。 首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。 其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。 最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 62. 尽管面临经济困难，这位年轻艺术家从未放弃举办个展的梦想。(despite) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite facing economic difficulties, this young artist has never given up his dream of holding a solo exhibition. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。“尽管”可以用介词despite表示；“面临经济困难”翻译为face economic difficulties，在介词despite后，face用动名词facing作宾语。“这位年轻艺术家”翻译为this young artist，作主语；“从未放弃”用现在完成时表示，翻译为has never given up；“举办个展的梦想”翻译为his dream of holding a solo exhibition。故整句翻译为Despite facing economic difficulties, this young artist has never given up his dream of holding a solo exhibition. 63. 每天坚持阅读能丰富知识储备，这对学术研究有显著贡献。(contribute) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Keeping reading every day can enrich the knowledge reserve, which contributes significantly to academic research. 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词作主语、非限制性定语从句以及时态。“坚持做某事”用keep doing sth.，动名词短语Keeping reading every day作主语，表经常的行为 。“能”为“can”；“丰富知识储备”表达为enrich the knowledge reserve”。后半句“这对学术研究有显著贡献。”用非限制性定语从句which指代前面整个句子，“对……有显著贡献”表达为contribute significantly to...，“学术研究”为academic research；句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，which作主语，谓语contribute用第三人称单数形式。故译为Keeping reading every day can enrich the knowledge reserve, which contributes significantly to academic research. 64. 为保护濒危的传统戏曲，民间艺术家们不仅修复了古戏台，还激励年轻一代传承这门艺术。(inspire) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To protect endangered traditional Chinese opera folk artists have not only restored ancient opera stages but also inspired the younger generation to carry on this art form. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词（短语）、形容词、名词（短语）和非谓语动词。“为保护濒危的传统戏曲”为目的，可用不定式作目的状语，“保护”可用动词protect，“濒危的传统戏曲”可用名词短语endangered traditional Chinese opera，主语“民间艺术家们”可用名词短语folk artists，为复数，“不仅……还……”可用并列结构not only… but also…，“修复”可用动词restore，“古戏台”可用名词短语ancient opera stages，“激励某人做某事”可用动词短语inspire sb. to do，“年轻一代”可用名词短语the younger generation，“传承”可用动词短语carry on，“这门艺术”可用名词短语this art form，时态宜用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，助动词用have。故可译为：To protect endangered traditional Chinese opera, folk artists have not only restored ancient opera stages but also inspired the younger generation to carry on this art form. 65. 与预期相反，正是团队成员的紧密协作而非个人能力，最终赢得董事会的赞同，确保了项目的成功。(contrary) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Contrary to expectations, it was the close cooperation of team members rather than individual abilities that finally won the approval of the board of directors and ensured the success of the project. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、强调句和时态。“与预期相反”表达为Contrary to expectations，在句首作状语。本句是强调句结构“It was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分” ，这里强调“the close cooperation of team members rather than individual abilities(团队成员的紧密协作而非个人能力)”，“赢得……赞同”表达为won the approval of...，“董事会”译为the board of directors ，“确保”使用动词ensure；“项目的成功”译为the success of the project。句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故翻译为Contrary to expectations, it was the close cooperation of team members rather than individual abilities that finally won the approval of the board of directors and ensured the success of the project. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 市西中学2025学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语 2025.11 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Britain’s obesity problem is costing our economy almost £100 billion a year and will leave us a sick and poor nation, a report has found. Analysis from the Tony Blair Institute, published by The Times, estimates that the damaging effect ___1___ national productivity from excess weight is nine times greater than previously believed. The cost of obesity is expected to grow by another £10 billion over the next 15 years, according to the report. The total cost of £98 billion, which includes the £63 billion cost of shorter, ___2___ (healthy) lives, is equivalent to about 4 per cent of GDP. Henry Dimbleby, the Government’s former food tsar, has called on ministers ___3___ (launch) smoking-style restrictions on junk food and turn away from plans to put millions of overweight people on weight-loss drugs. According to Mr Dimbleby, ___4___ such interventions are in place, Britain will be left a sick and impoverished nation, the NHS will suck all the money out of the other public services while at the same time, economic growth and tax revenue will stagnate. To date, the government ___5___ (shelve) plans for a 9 pm junk food advertising watershed (禁播起始时间) and a ban on buy-one-get-one-free deals on unhealthy products until 2025. Victoria Atkins, the health secretary, suggests the authorities ___6___ (transfer) from being nanny-statist (管理过度) to giving people help and advice on how to be healthier. A Department of Health spokesman told The Times that it was “taking firm action to tackle obesity” ___7___ actually worked, citing food-labelling guidelines, funding for school sports and giving healthy food vouchers to ___8___ (disadvantage) families. Hermione Dace, of the Tony Blair Institute, told the newspaper that its analysis shows that the health of the nation and our economic growth and prosperity ___9___ (ground) on dealing with obesity. “We need a fresh approach _____10_____ real options are available to people, rebalancing the food system in favour of healthy, cost-effective choices and discouraging profiting from ultra-processed and junk food.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. revealed B. consumption C. complexities D. sought-after E. priced F. lottery G. performance H. adorable I. functional J. unchecked K. necessities Beijing-based Pop Mart estimated that its third-quarter revenue increased by 120 to 125 percent in a business update. Analysts said the ____11____ of China’s leading blind box toy retailer had “far exceeded market expectations”. Pop Mart has millions of young fans who may not earn a lot but seem generous spenders on small toys that offer them emotional and social value. Products like blind box toys, odd accessories and decorative items have become highly ____12____, especially among young people. Such items, often not necessarily ____13____, serve as sources of comfort, entertainment or self-expression. The blind box economy is based on the sale of products in packaging that hides the item’s appearance or specific design, creating a sense of mystery that is only ____14____ on opening. There is also a ____15____ element of possibly acquiring a rare item with a higher potential resale value. A small Pop Mart blind box is normally ____16____ between 69 and 79 yuan (US$9.70 to US$11) and larger ones can sell for several thousand yuan. Cao Zuo, a university student in Shanghai who is a fan of Pop Mart’s toys, said that people who continue to buy blind boxes are “paying for love” as they contain “____17____” products that “provide a kind of mental satisfaction”. In this sense, China’s Gen Z are seeking solace through “emotional consumption”. “Young people also tend to be impulse buyers with ____18____ spending habits and dare to take unknown risks,” she said. Mo Daiqing, a senior analyst at the China E-Commerce Research Centre, said despite their relatively high prices, such items are still affordable to most people because they are not frequently consumed daily ____19____. “People are also focusing more on the shopping experience, which some of the brands, such as Jellycat, do quite well, making consumers feel happy and relaxed,” she added. In fact, such toys sold in blind boxes are not only targeted at children, but adults as well. Maybe Labubu can offer a retreat into an illusion of childhood simplicity, to escape the ______20______ that overwhelm our adult world. In a moment of global markets and mass production, maybe the fantasy of limited availability substitutes for creativity or specialness. Section C Directions: Complete the sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. implement B. is blessed with C. invites D. delights in E. established F. granting G. booming H. fulfill I. disciplined J. considerable K. amount to 21. She ________ a natural talent for music and can play several instruments. 22. Such a badly presented exhibition ________ criticism. 23 The charity received a(n) ________ amount of donations after the news report. 24. After years of research and publishing, the scientist ________ herself as an expert in the field. 25. My brother ________ telling me when I make a mistake. 26. A senior army officer has been ________ for revealing secret government plans to the media. 27. Army leaders say the retreat from the area does not ________ an end to the war. 28. The determination of policy is not your business — your job is to ________ it. 29. We’re looking for a very specific sort of person and this woman seems to ________ all of our criteria. 30. By ________ her the flexibility to work remotely, the manager addressed her immediate personal needs. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Long long ago, colleagues would suggest changes to documents in turn. They would make comments and add revisions to a file on their own computer, and then send it on to the next person. It was ____31____ and inconvenient. The era of the shared doc has made this process much more user-friendly. But like all social activities, it has the great ____32____ of exposing you to other people. Start with the fact that you can see who else is in the document. A succession of initials at the top of the screen confirms that your actions are now being observed by ____33____ people. One of these initials fades and brightens every few minutes as the person in question ____34____ exits and re-enters the document. They either have nothing to do or are deeply anxious about what may be about to happen. If they are the owner of the document, they are absolutely right to worry, for people will be busy rendering (提供) public ____35____ on their work. A cursor (光标) jumps rapidly from paragraph to paragraph, and then suddenly stops. It remains ____36____. Something must be very, very wrong with what they are reading. It moves more slowly after that, its confidence in the author visibly ____37____. If enough people are involved, chaos follows. Someone adds a paragraph, causing someone else to make ____38____ in the wrong place. Two people are engaged in a furious ____39____ battle over a single word in the shared doc, taking it by turns to overwrite each other. If you are the owner of the document, you do not have to watch this disaster unfold in real time. But it will still seek you out. Countless emails arrive to tell you that there has been “_____40_____” in the document. When you finally go back into the document, you survey the scene. Suggestions _____41_____ the text. A wall of comments runs down one side of the screen. So many of them have been left that some are impossible to see at first. You will start accepting, replying, _____42_____ and resolving. In a shared doc, a tap on a keyboard awakens your colleagues. As you go through the doc, those emails are silently flying off to tell people you have been busy. Initials start to _____43_____ at the top of the screen. Silently, they cluster and wait. You know that they are gearing up to _____44_____ again. There will be more changes, more comments, more activity. A shared doc allows you to gather more opinions, and to bat things back and forth; ideas are less likely to be dismissed for no good reason. There is _____45_____ in the crowd. But there is an awful lot of noise, too. 31. A. impractical B. inefficient C. inaccessible D. unstable 32. A. method B. chance C. drawback D. pressure 33. A. multiple B. strange C. idle D. talented 34. A. unconsciously B. nervously C. occasionally D. repeatedly 35. A. judgement B. appreciation C. praise D. demand 36. A. irregular B. insensitive C. immobile D. impersonal 37. A. restored B. boosted C. eased D. shaken 38. A. connections B. alterations C. claims D. drafts 39. A. legal B. virtual C. psychological D. daily 40. A. activity B. trouble C. damage D. silence 41. A. decorate B. replace C. litter D. spread 42. A. rejecting B. complaining C. boasting D. accusing 43. A. fade B. stick C. lie D. reappear 44. A. sacrifice B. strike C. emerge D. retreat 45. A. limitation B. chaos C. wisdom D. disagreement Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As a little girl, a significant part of my childhood was spent in my grandma’s country kitchen. An old stove anchored one side of the room, and her sparkling counter tops (台板) were always tidy, topped only by a simple bread box. Yet, the most treasured possession in that entire space was her recipe box. A brilliant baker, my grandma cherished this simple wooden box, filled with beloved and secret family recipes. They were organized into different categories — pies, cakes, cookies, breads — all written in her distinctive, slanting cursive (倾斜的花体字). Her small dinner table provided the perfect stage for her glorious fresh-fruit pies — strawberry, blueberry, apple, cherry. Each golden crust was beautifully decorated with a pretty “S” for her last name, Shipman. This was the only demonstrable sign of pride my quietly confident grandma ever presented. I remember asking her once why she went through the extra trouble of making the “S”. She smiled gently and said, “When you put your name on something, my dear, you’re promising it’s made with care and love.” That tiny, warm kitchen was the undeniable heart of our family, the gathering place for every Sunday dinner and holiday celebration. But it was far more than just a place for preparing meals. It was the sacred space where she connected our family’s past to the present, teaching me about my roots and heritage through the stories behind each dish she lovingly prepared. The kitchen was also where I shared my secrets with her. After the baking was done and the scent of warm pastry hung in the air, she would sit with me, and over a glass of milk, I would pour out my heart about school, friends, and my dreams for the future. Now, every Thanksgiving, I continue the tradition. I pull out the treasured recipe box and bake the same desserts. And after I finish, I still perform our little ritual: I cut two slices of pie, pour a cup of black coffee for her and a glass of milk for myself. Then, I take a seat at my own kitchen table and tell my grandma all about my life, keeping the connection alive across time and distance. 46. Which of the following statements is true about the recipes in the grandmother’s box? A. They were written by different family members. B. They were mainly for everyday meals. C. They were organized into different categories. D. They were copied from a famous cookbook. 47. The word “demonstrable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. obvious B. hidden C. proud D. unusual 48. What can be inferred about the grandma’s character from the passage? A. She was ambitious and sought public recognition for her baking. B. She was traditional and believed in strict family rules. C. She expressed her love and pride through actions rather than words. D. She was resistant to change and held onto past traditions stubbornly. 49. What is the main purpose of the author’s “little ritual” at Thanksgiving now? A To prove that she is as good a baker as her grandma. B. To keep her grandma’s kitchen traditions a secret. C. To teach her own children about family recipes. D To remember and feel connected to her grandma. (B) Every Step Counts, Every Mile Matters! Event: Beijing Marathon — Run for Charity Goal: To raise funds and awareness for children in need in rural Gansu Province. By the Numbers: The 2016 Impact Runners Participating: 2,000 dedicated charity runners Total Funds Raised: ¥87,000 Children Supported: 590 students from 15 schools Essential Items Provided: Warm winter jackets and school stationery sets Runners’ Stories “Crossing the finish line felt amazing, but knowing why I was running felt even better. My effort helped buy a warm coat for a child who might otherwise be cold in winter. That thought carried me through every kilometer.” ——Teng Lijun, University Student “Training for this after a long workday was tough, but it gave me a powerful sense of purpose beyond my job. It showed me that even a busy professional can contribute to something bigger.” ——Mark Chen, Financial Analyst Beyond the Donation: Ripple Effects The initiative aimed to do more than just provide material support. A team of runners visited the schools in Gansu to personally deliver the supplies. They shared stories of their training and the marathon, hoping to inspire the children to pursue their own goals and face challenges with resilience (韧性). The visit ended with fun relay races, where laughter and encouragement were as abundant as the new school supplies. Join the Movement! Want to make a difference in next year’s event? Here’s how you can get involved: ✔Sign up as a charity runner and raise sponsorship. ✔Contribute any amount through our secure online platform. ✔Share our story on social media to help us reach more supporters Together, we can run towards a brighter future for every child. 50. What was the primary goal of the Run for Charity initiative? A. To promote the Beijing Marathon internationally B. To help needy children in a rural area C. To find the fastest runners in the country D. To encourage students to become professional athletes 51. According to passage, what was provided for the 590 children? A. Electronic devices and online courses B. Sports equipment and tournament fees C. School supplies and winter clothing D. Scholarships for university education 52. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to support the initiative? A. Signing up to run and collect sponsorship B. Volunteering at water stations during the marathon C. Donating money through the official website D. Sharing information on social media platforms (C) Have you ever entered a store and noticed a pleasant smell of fresh bread or coffee? This is often not by chance. Many businesses now use a strategy called scent marketing to shape customer feelings and shopping behavior. By pumping specific smells in their stores, they create a welcoming environment that encourages people to stay longer and spend more. A well-known example comes from a Brooklyn supermarket that set up small scent machines. These devices release appealing smells like chocolate cookies or sea air at different times. The store manager found that customers not only stayed longer but also reported a better shopping experience. More importantly, sales of some items, especially baked foods, rose noticeably after the machines were installed. Why does this work so well? Research shows that smell is strongly connected to memory and emotion. This happens because the part of our brain that processes smells is close to the part that handles emotions and memories. When we smell something pleasant, it can bring back happy memories and make us feel good. For example, the smell of baking bread might remind you of your grandmother’s kitchen, making you feel warm and comfortable. When customers feel happy and relaxed, they are more likely to stay longer in the store and make purchases. Importantly, we usually notice these smells without full awareness, so their effect on our choices is subtle yet powerful. Besides supermarkets, many other places now use scent marketing. For example, some hotels release a relaxing smell of lavender (薰衣草) in their lobbies to help guests feel calm and welcome. Clothing stores might use light floral scents to create a fresh and clean environment, making customers more likely to try on clothes and enjoy their time shopping. This strategy is becoming more common because it offers a simple way to improve the customer’s experience without them even realizing it. However, some people worry that this practice is a form of manipulation. They question if it is right to use hidden methods to influence spending. Despite these concerns, scent marketing continues to grow in use across various industries, from hotels to car dealerships, showing that for many businesses, engaging the sense of smell is as important as visual appeal. 53. According to the passage, what specific result did the Brooklyn supermarket observe after installing scent machines? A. Customers complained about artificial smells. B. Sales of baked goods significantly increased. C. The machines were removed due to high costs. D. Customers preferred the smell of sea air over food scents. 54. Based on the explanation of how scent marketing works, why might a clothing store use light floral scents? A. To cover up unpleasant odors in the dressing rooms. B. To remind customers of nature and encourage eco-friendly purchases. C. To create an atmosphere where shoppers feel more comfortable. D. To alert customers to its potential stealth marketing. 55. The phrase “a form of manipulation” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A. making customers buy things they do not truly want B. using hidden methods to influence people without their awareness C. tricking people into believing products are more valuable than they are D. forcing businesses to use expensive scent machines 56. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the entire passage? A. The History of Supermarket Advertising B. The Science of Baking and Bread Smells C. Why Customers Dislike Scent Machines D. How Scents Secretly Shape Shopping Behavior Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A Chicken Cutlet (肉排), with a Side of Stand-up China has no shortage of internet celebrities. But the latest viral star is not a pop idol or a make-up influencer. He is a 48-year-old fried-chicken vendor from Jingdezhen. In less than a week, Li Junyong has attracted more than 300,000 followers on Douyin after videos of his talk-show-style salesmanship spread online. The food itself is unremarkable. His performance is not. Between flipping cutlets, he entertains customers with wisecracks. “The chicken is free,” he declares, “but the plastic bag costs six yuan.” Or: “You can refuse me, but never refuse my chicken.” ____57____ Part of Mr Li’s appeal is consistency. Rain or shine, he appears at his stall, often until late at night. Students, office workers and pensioners alike line up, many returning daily. ____58____ He greets customers as “old friends,” recalls their orders precisely, and even offers schoolchildren a one-yuan discount after 4.30 p.m. “My dream is to ensure every customer has a pleasant experience,” he explains. Success, however, is tiring. Mr Li now sleeps no more than three or four hours a night. ____59____ His sudden popularity has also drawn attention from livestreamers and rival vendors eager to bask in the glow of his fame. He remains unfazed (未受干扰): “Their presence is a way of showing support — for me, for Jingdezhen, and for Jiangxi.” Local officials have also spotted an opportunity. On September 29th the city’s culture bureau named him “Cultural and Tourism Ambassador.” It is a title usually reserved for opera singers or sports stars, but in Mr Li’s case it signals a broader trend. ____60____ Mr Li’s rise also hints at deeper undercurrents in Chinese consumer culture. Social media users, weary of fake influencers and contrived marketing campaigns, are drawn to his unpolished authenticity. A. He admits he is exhausted but insists he is happy: “I can’t let those waiting in line down.” B. Delivered in the rhythm of a seasoned entertainer, his lines have won him the nickname “the chicken cutlet curator”. C. Such calmness, and his refusal to argue about who benefits, only adds to his appeal. D. Cities across China increasingly make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements, hoping to turn their fleeting fame into sustainable tourism. E. Some say his chicken is good, but his warmth is better. F. His success has inspired many young people to start their own businesses. III. Summary Writing 61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Gossip “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 62. 尽管面临经济困难，这位年轻艺术家从未放弃举办个展的梦想。(despite) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 63. 每天坚持阅读能丰富知识储备，这对学术研究有显著贡献。(contribute) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 64. 为保护濒危的传统戏曲，民间艺术家们不仅修复了古戏台，还激励年轻一代传承这门艺术。(inspire) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 65. 与预期相反，正是团队成员的紧密协作而非个人能力，最终赢得董事会的赞同，确保了项目的成功。(contrary) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $