Unit 4 Never too old to learn Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案聚焦选择性必修四U4-2内容，核心涵盖17个单元词汇的多维度梳理（含释义、搭配、派生词及形近反义词）和复杂句式语法知识。课堂导入通过词汇基础搭建，衔接并列连词、从属连词填空及复合句改写练习，形成从词汇到语法的递进式学习支架。 资料特色在于分层设计与核心素养融合，词汇多维度解析强化语言能力，语法练习结合句式改写培养思维品质，多样化题型（七选五、完形填空、阅读写作）助力学习能力提升，整体促进学生语言运用效率与自主学习习惯养成。

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U4-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.occupation n. 工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 take up an occupation 就业 occupy v. 使用（房屋、建筑），居住；占据（空间，时间）；使忙于（做某事） occupied adj. 忙于……的，从事……的；（床、椅子、房间等）已被占用的 2.qualify vt. 使合格；使具备资格 vi. 取得资格（或学历），合格 qualify (as sth) 取得资格（或学历）；合格 qualify sb (for sth) 使合格；使具备资格 qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的 qualification n. （通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格，学历 【形近词】quality n. 质量，品质；优质，上乘；素质，品德；特征，特质 3.prospect n. 成功的机会，前景；可能性 prospect (of sth/of doing sth)/(that...) 可能性；希望 prospect (of sth/of doing sth) 前景；展望；设想 an exciting prospect 令人兴奋的前景 good job/employment/career prospects 美好的工作/就业/事业前途 at the prospect of 期待着 （想到要） in prospect of 期待，有希望；可以预料到 prospective adj. 有希望的，潜在的； 可能发生的，预期的; n. 预期；展望 prospectively adv. 盼望中；可能；潜在；预期 4.institution n. 机构；风格习惯，制度 an educational/financial, etc. institution 教育、金融等机构 a mental institution 精神病院 the institution of marriage 婚姻制度 the institution of new safety procedures 新安全规程的制定 institutional adj. 机构的，慈善机构的；制度的，惯例的；根深蒂固的 institutionalize vt. 使……制度化 institutionalized adj. 约定俗成的，使成惯例的；有组织的 5.drill vt.&vi. 培训，训练；钻（孔）n. 练习，训练；钻 drill sb (in sth) 培训；训练 drill sth into sb 反复训练某人；向某人反复灌输 electric drill 电钻 6.circuit n. 电路，线路；环行；赛车道 integrated circuit 集成电路 circuit design 电路设计 the women's tennis circuit 女子网球巡回赛 circuitous adj. 迂曲的；绕行的；迂回线路的 7.competence n. 能力，才干 competence (in sth)/(in doing sth) 能力；胜任 to gain a high level of competence in English 获得高水平的英语能力 professional/technical competence 专业/技术能力 core competence 核心竞争力；核心才能 outside sb's area of competence 超出某人的权限范围 communicative competence 交际能力 competent adj. 能干的，能胜任的；合格的，过得去的；精神正常的， competently adv. 胜任地；适合地 【反义词】incompetence n. 无资格，不胜任；无能力 8.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣 the need to improve facilities for leisure and recreation 改进消遣娱乐设施之必要 outdoor recreation 户外运动户外游憩户外休闲户外娱乐 recreate vi. 娱乐；消遣; vt. 再创造；使得到娱乐/消遣 recreational adj. 娱乐的，消遣的 recreational activities 娱乐活动；文娱活动 recreation facility 休闲设施；娱乐设施 recreational vehicle 野营旅游车；休闲车 9.random adj. 随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的 a random sample/selection (= in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen) 随机抽样/选取 the random killing of innocent people 对无辜者的随意杀戮 at random 随意；随机；胡乱 randomly adv. 随便地，任意地；无目的，胡乱地；未加计划地 randomness n. 随意；无安排；不可测性 randomize vt. 使随机化；（使）作任意排列或不规则分布 randomization n. [数] 随机化，不规则分布；随机选择 10.qualification n. 资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications 学术/教育/专业/职业资历 a nursing/teaching, etc. qualification 护理、教学等资格 to acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格 qualification and experience 资历 qualify v. （使）有权去做；取得资格，达到标准；获得参赛资格 qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的 11.statistic n. 数据 crime/unemployment, etc. statistics 犯罪、失业等统计资料 statistics n. 统计学；统计数字（statistic 的复数形式） statistical adj. 统计的，统计学的 statistically adv. 统计地；统计学上 statistician n. 统计学家，统计员 12.curtain n. 幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；覆盖物 to draw/pull/close the curtains 把窗帘拉上 to draw/draw back/pull back the curtains 把窗帘拉开 behind the curtain adv. 幕后；秘密 bring down the curtain on sth/bring the curtain down on sth 结束；标志着…的终结 13.in a flash 转瞬间；立即 in/like a flash 转瞬间；立即 a flash of lightning 一道闪电 a flash of anger/inspiration, etc. 怒上心头、灵感闪现等 flash back 回想；反射 flash on sth 顿悟；突然亮起来 flash on sb 使…突然意识到；使…猛然领悟 14.tight adv. 紧紧地，牢固地 adj. 牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的 a tight schedule 时间很紧；行程紧凑 a tight budget 紧缩的预算；手头很紧 to keep tight control over sth 对某事严加控制 in a tight spot/corner 处于困境，处境险恶 to keep a tight rein on sb/sth 对…严加控制（或约束）；牢牢驾驭 tightly adv. 紧紧地；坚固地 tighten v. （使）变紧，（使）紧固；旋紧，拧紧；抓紧，攥紧 tightness n. 紧密，坚固 【反义词】loose adj. 未固定牢的，松动的；不受约束的；宽松的 15.mature adj. 明白事理的，成熟的 vi. 成熟，长成；有判断力 a mature and sensible attitude 一副深谙世事的态度 a man of mature years 中年人 clothes for the mature woman 成年妇女的服装 on mature reflection/consideration 经过深思熟虑；经过审慎考虑 maturely adv. 成熟地；充分地 maturity n. （思想行为、作品等）成熟；发育成熟，长大成人 【反义词】immature adj. 发育未全的；幼稚的，不成熟的 【形近词】nature n. 大自然，自然界；性格，秉性；本质 16. reference n. 参考；提到；推荐信 vt. 查阅，参考 (a) reference (to sb/sth) 说到（或写到）的事；提到；谈及；涉及；帮助或意见的）征求，征询 for (your) reference 以供参考；备案 with/in reference to 关于 without reference to 不管；与…无关；没有提及 refer v. 提到，谈及（refer to）；描述，涉及（refer to）；查阅，参考（refer to） refer to as 把…称作… refer sb / sth to sb / sth　将……送交给（以求获得帮助等） 17. bounce /baʊns/ vt.（向某人）试探性透露（主意）vi. 跳动 n. 弹跳；活力 bounce…off…（向某人）试探性透露（主意） bounce ideas (off sb)/(around) （向某人）试探地透露（主意） bounce back 反弹；迅速恢复活力 bounce off 弹开，反弹；从…弹跳出来；掂量… bounce up and down 上下弹跳 be bouncing off the walls 精力充沛得待不住；激动得难以平静 bounce sb into sth 追逼（或催逼）别人做某事 【同步语法练习】 复杂句式分析 一、用适当的并列连词填空 1. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, ________ the students have theirs, too. 2. You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ________ you won't pass the course. 3. Life isn't perfect and it's always hard, ________ we need reminders in our life from a friend, author, blogger ________ our inner spirit. 4. I know you are telling a lie, ________ you are getting into a panic. 5. It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination ________ in the journey itself. 6. Help others whenever you can ________ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. 7. Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, ________ anyone can start now and make a new ending. 8. China's northernmost city Mohe in Heilongjiang Province has turned into a fairyland covered with snow, ________ other places are still waiting for the first snow. 二、用适当的从属连词或关系词填空 1. Though it is 30 years ________ we last met, I still remember the scene ________ we got separated on a rainy day. 2. ________ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values. 3. Would you be surprised ________ I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? 4. ________ makes the school famous is ________ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. 5. The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys ________ at last it reaches the sea. 6. Many experts believe that teachers' development is ________ the key to better education lies. 7. The student completed the experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. 8. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard ________ we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 9. My mother is grateful to the surgeon, without ________ help she would have died from her heart attack. 10. ________ we can have clean drinking water lies in ________ effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 11. I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 12. Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her husband Les. 三、用恰当的复合句改写下列句子 1. We could have a picnic in the woods. This idea occurred to me. →The idea occurred to me __________________________________． 2. He will graduate from here two years later. →It will be two years __________________________________． 3. He is reading a magazine. I am reading the same magazine. →I am reading the same magazine ____________． 4. If she was sick, I was expected to take her place. This surprised me. I didn't have much work experience. →The news ________________________________________ surprised me, ______________________________． 5. The accident resulted in a serious damage. To tell you the truth, the damage frightened me. I almost gave up driving ever since. →To tell you the truth, the serious damage ____________________ frightened me so much ______________________________． 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. The shoes may seem t________ at first, but loosen after a few days. 2. A writer should p________ his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection. 3. He was b________ a tennis ball against the garage door to practice tennis skills. 4. Wash your hands with soap and water often and thoroughly, especially after coughing or s________． 5. Losses make us ________ (成熟的) and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. 6. In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with ________ (教授) is very important. 7. She didn't like the course but she stuck it out to get the ________ (证书)． 8. His sudden decision to retire brought down the ________ (帷幕) on a distinguished career. 9. Since time is limited, I ________ (草拟) out my speech in 10 minutes. 10. She fell against our coffee table and got a large bump on her ________ (前额)． 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) through trial and error; hold on; take in; in a flash; reflect on; compose oneself; lay out; fit in; bounce ideas off sb.; dawn on; put off; carve out 1. Despite the hardships I was faced with, I did my best to ______________ and prepared for the challenges ahead. 2. The more fat you ______________ before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 3. I was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly ______________ me that I'd left my wallet at home. 4. Nobody taught him and he actually learned by himself ______________． 5. Bill is a newcomer; he is not sure if he can ______________ with the new surroundings. 6. The first chapter is an introduction which ______________ the general purpose for the whole paper. 7. ______________ our failures is generally good, but when it takes too much time, it is dangerous, for it will shake the confidence in ourselves. 8. People in this corporation have a huge amount of relevant knowledge, and we have the opportunity to go and ________________ them and get feedback. 9. At the conference, the secretary made a motion that the negotiation ______________ to next week. 10. His right arm was extended up beside his head, still ______________ to a coffee cup. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. I hope my recommendation can provide some ________ (refer) for you and wish you a delightful journey in China. 2. Humans experience a delayed ________ (mature); we arrive at all stages of life later than other mammals. 3. According to two recent studies, ________ (random) assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts. 4. If you are in need of a deadline ________ (extend), simply explain the situation to your professor. 5. I don't think we have enough information for our ________ (present), but we have to hand it in tomorrow. B)语法知识运用 6. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf ________ random, enjoying the weekend. 7. ________ suddenly dawned on me that money couldn't make up for all that he had suffered in the past five years. 8. As he approached the door, Mike looked into the room again to see if he ________ (leave) anything behind. 9. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 10. With the number of homecoming overseas students ________ (shoot) up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded. 四、完成句子 1. Hearing the bad news, he hurried home, leaving ________________ (书摊开) on the table. 2. ______________________________ (六个月一晃就过去了) since we parted in the City of Rams.(flash) 3. When he dropped the hint, ________________________ (我突然明白) I was wrong.(dawn) 4. ____________________ (他一点也不知道) he ______________________ (负有全责) the incident.(little位于句首) 5. __________________________________ (没有直接提及) her own childhood in the novel.(reference) 6. He ____________ (深深地吸了一口气), desperately trying to ________________ (让自己冷静下来). 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 As we age, it is natural for our bodies to undergo certain changes that can affect our health and well-being. ____1____ Here are some tips for seniors to age with health in mind. Communication is key. Be sure to consider and communicate with the person who will represent you when you can’t represent yourself. There are many big decisions to think over as we get older, and they not only impact us, but our friends, family. End of life matters take a lot of time to consider and to communicate with our loved ones. Remember in a health emergency, you’re not at your best. ____2____ Focus on social determinants of health. __3___ Make sure you spend enough time and energy on the non-clinical things that impact health outcomes. This includes eating healthy food, exercise, meditation (冥想), social interaction, and doing the things that bring you joy. You may be surprised to know the social and economic factors that impact health account for up to 75 percent of health outcomes. ____4____ When it comes to aims, think both big and small. Small things like going to a social club or gym a few times a week or walking around the neighborhood can have wonderful outcomes for well-being. Cultivate a strong relationship with your PCP. Having a strong and stable relationship with your primary care physician is important. ____5____ You need to find out conditions you may not be aware of. This can include diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. A. Prevention beats cure B. Try to stay physically active. C. Create attainable health goals. D. Events do not happen as one wishes. E. However, there are ways to age gracefully. F. It’s a good idea to visit your doctor yearly at least G. The emergency room is not the place to discuss things. 二、完形填空 From a young age I was fascinated by language. I ____1____ the Welsh words my grandmother taught me and parroted (鹦鹉学舌) my relatives’ local ____2____. I remember a holiday in Spain when two boys asked if I spoke Norwegian. When I couldn’t ____3____, they ran off, leaving me sad. Back home, I’d search shops for language books and enjoyed trying all these different words to ____4____ what was in my head. I thought it was ____5____, and still do. The first language I learned was Spanish. At sixth-form college, I ____6____ Spanish GCSE, then A-level. After university, I cycled to the Netherlands, ____7____ Dutch. It turned out that speaking a language abroad with ____8____ people was an ideal way to learn. Travelling to learn a language became an ____9____—it came with excitement and lonelier moments. I have found that the ____10____ of learning depends on the language. If it is similar to a language I already speak, I can use it in a ____11____ way within weeks. During lockdown, I took short courses in Scots, Korean and Irish. I joined conversation groups and ____12____ exams in Cornish. In 2022, I founded the annual Polyglot Conference. I also ____13____ for indigenous and endangered languages. I’ve studied dozens of languages now. The most important thing about learning languages is the ability to build ____14____ with other people. They allow you to experience ____15____ and perceptions you may never have otherwise considered. 1. A. imagined B. explained C. absorbed D. revised 2. A. quotes B. tales C. opinions D. accents 3. A. respond B. wait C. bear D. decline 4. A. express B. influence C. remove D. evaluate 5. A. complex B. temporary C. disturbing D. amazing 6. A. favoured B. completed C. skipped D. promoted 7. A. making up B. picking up C. relying on D. lecturing on 8. A. civilized B. successful C. modest D. local 9. A. addiction B. option C. adventure D. honour 10. A. style B. speed C. method D. criterion 11. A. comprehensible B. fashionable C. responsible D. thoughtful 12. A. prepared B. discuss C. sat D. failed 13. A. celebrate B. train C. resign D. advocate 14. A. bridges B. identities C. confidence D. loyalty 15. A. challenges B. failures C. sufferings D. dimensions 三、语法填空 Like something straight out of a fairytale, the abandoned village of Houtouwan on Shengshan Island ____1____the eastern coast of China, has recently become an Internet sensation (网红打卡地) ___2___ an unusual travel hotspot. Houtouwan ____3____ (be) once a prosperous fishing village, with more than 3,000 residents. However, because of its remote and hard-to-access location, its residents started to move out in the 1990s. In 2002, the village was ____4____ (official) depopulated and merged into a nearby village. Deserted for decades, empty houses in the ocean-facing, cliff-side village have been occupied by a blanket of climbing plants. Houtouwan soared to fame among Chinese netizens in 2015 when ____5____ series of attractive photographs of the deserted village went viral (走红). Instead of celebrating its new-found ____6____ (popular), the officials were cautious of the impact ____7___ (bring) by the sudden boom of tourists. But now, it’s ready for tourists. After more than two years of planning, Houtouwan—despite still being comparatively off-grid (不入网的) —has implemented a few new ____8____ (move) to control and take advantage of the boom to develop local economy. Visitors can hike around the ____9____ (hill) village. Signs are put up outside empty houses ___10___ (keep) tourists off possible dangers. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A The Ragged School Museum In a nutshell In 1877 Dr Thomas Barnardo opened the Copperfield Road Free School, the largest of three ragged schools (charitable institutions that offered the poorest children a free education) in a row of three storehouses in East London. Now an underfunded, independent museum (opened in 1990), a small exhibition offers an insight into how tough life was in east London in the late 1800s, but the highlight is one of the original classrooms where visitors can attend a lesson led by an actor in Victorian costume. The museum is in the second phase of applying far a lottery grant (彩票福利基金), which will allow it to make vital repairs to the largest of the three storehouses, though the aim is to keep the authentic (真正) atmosphere of the building. Getting there Easiest by car. The train station is a 30-minute walk away and trains are infrequent. A limited bus service from Liskeard drops you 20 minutes away. Parking is free right outside the gates. Opening hours 10am—6pm Monday—Saturday. Last entry: 5:30pm. Outside these times the museum runs a schools programme, with 16,000 school children coming through the doors each year. Value for money? A little pricey, but the ticket is valid for a year. Entry is £18 adult, £ 13 child, family tickets £37. 60 (1+3 children) or £49. 60 (2+3). Verdict (评价) 8/10. Lots of ideas, interactive activities and friendly, knowledgeable staff. This is an authentic slice of East End history that strives (努力) to inspire children through its work. 1. What does the Ragged School Museum offer to visitors? A. An option to keep its buildings in shape. B. A platform to raise money for its major repair. C. An insight into the British theatre in the 1800s. D. A chance to step back in time for a Victorian lesson. 2. How much would a couple with their three children pay for admission? A. £37. 60. B. £49. 60. C. £57. D. £75. 3. What do we know about the Ragged School Museum? A. It charges parking fees. B. It is beneficial to children. C. It is only accessible by car. D. It has varied opening hours. B David is a retired teacher. In October 2020, when the House of Commons voted against extending free school meals into the holidays, David started strategising with the school headteacher: “I said: ‘What are we going to do about this?’” At the last minute, the local council stepped in to fund free holiday meals but a seed had been planted, leaving David pondering (沉思) the wider issue of local food poverty. “It was evident there was a need for food support within the area,” says David. David contacted a group of local residents who had expressed an interest, plus two friends who had worked with the UK food bank charity the Trussell Trust—inviting them to join him on a Zoom call to discuss food poverty during the Covid crisis and beyond. “We decided, everybody together, that we could do something,” David says. The group recruited (招募) volunteers and the project took shape. They chose the name “The Sharehouse”, rather than “food bank”, to reflect the fact that the project would meet not only the need for local food support, but also the pressing desire many expressed to do something meaningful at a time of crisis. “It’s like an exchange, rather than a bank,” says David. The nonprofit opened just six weeks after that first call in December 2020. “We had seven people,” says David, but by the following week, they had 40 clients, and it built steadily. Now they support 100-plus families three times a week, and have gone from having 12 volunteers to about 40. It has also worked with local services to offer support on everything from addiction to debt and benefits advice. Welcoming a client for the first time is often one of the hardest moments. “Having to sit with somebody new and let it unfold—it’s very raw.” The Sharehouse has regulars, but other people fall off the radar, leaving David to wonder what has happened. “I wonder where they are now; what they’re doing. It can be emotional.” The Sharehouse serves as a reminder of how effective collective action and community can be. For anyone wanting to volunteer, David’s advice is: “Be led by what inspires you, don’t be frightened and don’t overthink it.” 4. Why did David found the Sharehouse? A. Some of his neighbours are going hungry B. The authorities denied local food poverty C. He wanted to compete with the food bank charity D. Local residents are unwilling to fund free holiday meals. 5. What do we know about the Sharehouse? A. It has made a huge profit. B. It has expanded its ambitions. C. It presses local people to donate. D. It exchanges food with the food bank. 6. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Complain. B. Struggle. C. Disappear. D. Proceed. 7. What is David’s advice to potential volunteers? A. Follow your heart. B. Think before you act. C. Provide for a rainy day. D. Do as the Romans do. C The first show to kick off London fashion week (LFW) on Thursday night had all the usual elements you’d expect — a long runway with pumping music, models in towering heels and surprise celebrity appearances causing the front row to take out their phones. However, there was one particular point of difference: the cast, including the model Erin O’Connor and TV presenter Miquita Oliver, were all wearing secondhand clothes. The show, Oxfam Fashion Fighting Poverty, was the third time the nonprofit has taken part in London fashion week. All the clothes came from Oxfam’s own stores and were styled by the British stylist Bay Garnett. Every look was available to buy on eBay after the show, helping to raise funds for the charity. Garnett is a pioneer of secondhand fashion. For Thursday night’s show, Garnett said she started the process by thinking about different types of tribes. Working through stock at Oxfam’s 50,000 sq ft storehouse in West Yorkshire, Garnett narrowed down what she wanted to feature by thinking about different types of tribes. “There has to be some type of character within the clothing, then I piece it together. So there’s goths (哥特人), the 60s, Americana, it’s a real mix.” Garnett cleverly created a variety of looks that would still appeal to a wide variety of cohorts (群体). The show, which was full to capacity, reflects the growing interest in pre-loved fashion. According to GlobalData, the clothes resale market in the UK grew by 149% between 2016 and 2022. It is forecast to rise by 67. 5% from 2022 to 2026. A spokesperson for Oxfam says its main clothing categories including womenswear and menswear are having the bestselling year of the last six, with year on year growth of more than 20%. Garnett, who started her career in fashion in the 90s, said, “Buying secondhand is a form of activism. We’re in a climate emergency so why wouldn’t younger generations buy secondhand? A sustainable option is now cool.” 8. What was the feature of Thursday night’s LFW’s opening show? A. It was aimed to promote the fast fashion. B. Many celebrities and models were present. C. The cast were wearing secondhand fashion. D. The sound and visual effects were impressive. 9. Why did Garnett create a variety of looks for the show? A. To attract a broader audience. B. To promote unity among tribes. C. To make the tribes better known. D. To turn them into a bigger character. 10. What do the data in Paragraph 4 indicate? A. UK’s broad categories of fashion. B. An increase in people’s earnings. C. A huge demand for fashion models. D. Secondhand’s growing popularity. 11. What are Garnett’s words in the last paragraph aimed at? A. Explaining a rule. B. Making a summary. C. Offering a suggestion. D. Providing evidence. D The increased use of light-emitting diodes (LED) and other forms of lighting are now brightening the night sky at a dramatic rate. Research has revealed that light pollution is now causing the night sky to brighten at a rate of around 10% a year, an increase that threatens to ruin the sight of all but the most brilliant stars in a generation. A child born where 250 stars are visible at night today would only be able to see about 100 by the time they reach 18. Physicist Christopher Kyba, of the German Centre for Geosciences told the Observer. “A couple of generations ago, people would have regularly encountered this glittering (闪耀) vision of the universe—but what was formerly universal is now extremely rare.” Nevertheless, the introduction of only a modest number of changes to lighting could make a considerable improvement, Kyba argued. These moves would include ensuring outdoor lights are carefully capped, point downwards, have limits placed on their brightness, and are not predominantly blue-white but have red and orange components. The problem is that light pollution is still not perceived by the public to be a threat. As Professor Oscar Corcho, of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, has put it: “The negative consequences of light pollution are as unknown by the population as those of smoking in the 80s.” Yet action is now urgently needed. Apart from its astronomical impact, light pollution is harming human health. “When reddish light shines on our bodies, it stimulates mechanisms including those that break down high levels of sugar in the blood. Since the introduction of LEDs, that part of the spectrum (光谱) has been removed from artificial light and it is playing a part in the waves of obesity (肥胖) and rises in diabetes cases we see today,” said Prof Fosbury from University College London (UCL), UCL researchers are preparing to install additional infrared (红外线) lamps in hospitals and intensive care units (ICU) to see if they have an effect on the recovery of patients who would otherwise be starved of light from this part of the spectrum. 12. What does the author want to show by citing the child’s example? A. More objects in the universe will disappear. B. Light pollution is blinding our view of the stars. C. People’s perception of the universe is inadequate. D. New forms of lighting have made stars unnecessary. 13. What does Kyba think of the moves to ease light pollution? A. They are practical. B. They are rarely successful. C. They aren’t worth the effort. D. It takes ages to see the result. 14. What is top on the agenda of solving light pollution? A. Controlling population growth. B. Changing people’s perception. C. Exploring the unknown universe. D. Banning smoking in public places. 15. What does the follow-up study aim to find out about infrared lamps? A. Whether they help patients recover. B. Whether they increase obesity risk. C. Whether they leave people starving. D. Whether they raise blood sugar level. 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是李华，上周你校举办了一年一度的校园读书节活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.活动内容; 3.活动反响。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Reading Festival __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A lesson in trust “Come on, Tuck,” I said, patting the floor of the 4Runner (越野车). “Load. Let’s go for a walk.” Tuck danced nervously at my feet, then sat and looked up at me with sad eyes. He wouldn’t jump in. This was my first afternoon with the three-year-old border collie (德国牧羊犬) I was adopting, and it was time for the daily hike. I’d taken Tuck in reluctantly, as a temporary solution for Tammy, my friend. She was trying to find a new home for the dog. Tuck was adopted from a pet store and had been kept long in a cage there, leaving him long-lasting trauma (创伤). Tammy knew why I wasn’t willing to give Tuck a permanent home. Three months earlier, I’d lost my beloved Bantam, the border collie who’d been my rock for 12 years. I wasn’t ready to let a new dog into my life for good. But I’d agreed to help Tammy out while she continued her search. Tuck wouldn’t load, no matter how much I coaxed (劝诱). Knowing there was always a reason for a dog’s behavior, I finally lifted the dog up and placed him in the back. “Load,” I said, teaching him the command. “Good boy.” But every day, when it came time to load for our hike, Tuck still didn’t trust my invitation. At the end of the second week, I became impatient. Actually, Tuck was a sweet dog and seemed to love everyone. He had this boyish enthusiasm toward strangers. Days crept into a third week. I found myself appreciating Tuck for who he was. One afternoon, he came to the steps where I sat. He shyly looked at me, then walked over and put one big foot on my knee. At that very moment, I realized that he did show affection, in his own way. But he still refused to load for our hike. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Why wouldn’t Tuck jump into the car? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next afternoon, I called Tuck over and let him watch as I removed the cage from the car. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U4-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.occupation n. 工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 take up an occupation 就业 occupy v. 使用（房屋、建筑），居住；占据（空间，时间）；使忙于（做某事） occupied adj. 忙于……的，从事……的；（床、椅子、房间等）已被占用的 2.qualify vt. 使合格；使具备资格 vi. 取得资格（或学历），合格 qualify (as sth) 取得资格（或学历）；合格 qualify sb (for sth) 使合格；使具备资格 qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的 qualification n. （通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格，学历 【形近词】quality n. 质量，品质；优质，上乘；素质，品德；特征，特质 3.prospect n. 成功的机会，前景；可能性 prospect (of sth/of doing sth)/(that...) 可能性；希望 prospect (of sth/of doing sth) 前景；展望；设想 an exciting prospect 令人兴奋的前景 good job/employment/career prospects 美好的工作/就业/事业前途 at the prospect of 期待着 （想到要） in prospect of 期待，有希望；可以预料到 prospective adj. 有希望的，潜在的； 可能发生的，预期的; n. 预期；展望 prospectively adv. 盼望中；可能；潜在；预期 4.institution n. 机构；风格习惯，制度 an educational/financial, etc. institution 教育、金融等机构 a mental institution 精神病院 the institution of marriage 婚姻制度 the institution of new safety procedures 新安全规程的制定 institutional adj. 机构的，慈善机构的；制度的，惯例的；根深蒂固的 institutionalize vt. 使……制度化 institutionalized adj. 约定俗成的，使成惯例的；有组织的 5.drill vt.&vi. 培训，训练；钻（孔）n. 练习，训练；钻 drill sb (in sth) 培训；训练 drill sth into sb 反复训练某人；向某人反复灌输 electric drill 电钻 6.circuit n. 电路，线路；环行；赛车道 integrated circuit 集成电路 circuit design 电路设计 the women's tennis circuit 女子网球巡回赛 circuitous adj. 迂曲的；绕行的；迂回线路的 7.competence n. 能力，才干 competence (in sth)/(in doing sth) 能力；胜任 to gain a high level of competence in English 获得高水平的英语能力 professional/technical competence 专业/技术能力 core competence 核心竞争力；核心才能 outside sb's area of competence 超出某人的权限范围 communicative competence 交际能力 competent adj. 能干的，能胜任的；合格的，过得去的；精神正常的， competently adv. 胜任地；适合地 【反义词】incompetence n. 无资格，不胜任；无能力 8.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣 the need to improve facilities for leisure and recreation 改进消遣娱乐设施之必要 outdoor recreation 户外运动户外游憩户外休闲户外娱乐 recreate vi. 娱乐；消遣; vt. 再创造；使得到娱乐/消遣 recreational adj. 娱乐的，消遣的 recreational activities 娱乐活动；文娱活动 recreation facility 休闲设施；娱乐设施 recreational vehicle 野营旅游车；休闲车 9.random adj. 随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的 a random sample/selection (= in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen) 随机抽样/选取 the random killing of innocent people 对无辜者的随意杀戮 at random 随意；随机；胡乱 randomly adv. 随便地，任意地；无目的，胡乱地；未加计划地 randomness n. 随意；无安排；不可测性 randomize vt. 使随机化；（使）作任意排列或不规则分布 randomization n. [数] 随机化，不规则分布；随机选择 10.qualification n. 资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications 学术/教育/专业/职业资历 a nursing/teaching, etc. qualification 护理、教学等资格 to acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格 qualification and experience 资历 qualify v. （使）有权去做；取得资格，达到标准；获得参赛资格 qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的 11.statistic n. 数据 crime/unemployment, etc. statistics 犯罪、失业等统计资料 statistics n. 统计学；统计数字（statistic 的复数形式） statistical adj. 统计的，统计学的 statistically adv. 统计地；统计学上 statistician n. 统计学家，统计员 12.curtain n. 幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；覆盖物 to draw/pull/close the curtains 把窗帘拉上 to draw/draw back/pull back the curtains 把窗帘拉开 behind the curtain adv. 幕后；秘密 bring down the curtain on sth/bring the curtain down on sth 结束；标志着…的终结 13.in a flash 转瞬间；立即 in/like a flash 转瞬间；立即 a flash of lightning 一道闪电 a flash of anger/inspiration, etc. 怒上心头、灵感闪现等 flash back 回想；反射 flash on sth 顿悟；突然亮起来 flash on sb 使…突然意识到；使…猛然领悟 14.tight adv. 紧紧地，牢固地 adj. 牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的 a tight schedule 时间很紧；行程紧凑 a tight budget 紧缩的预算；手头很紧 to keep tight control over sth 对某事严加控制 in a tight spot/corner 处于困境，处境险恶 to keep a tight rein on sb/sth 对…严加控制（或约束）；牢牢驾驭 tightly adv. 紧紧地；坚固地 tighten v. （使）变紧，（使）紧固；旋紧，拧紧；抓紧，攥紧 tightness n. 紧密，坚固 【反义词】loose adj. 未固定牢的，松动的；不受约束的；宽松的 15.mature adj. 明白事理的，成熟的 vi. 成熟，长成；有判断力 a mature and sensible attitude 一副深谙世事的态度 a man of mature years 中年人 clothes for the mature woman 成年妇女的服装 on mature reflection/consideration 经过深思熟虑；经过审慎考虑 maturely adv. 成熟地；充分地 maturity n. （思想行为、作品等）成熟；发育成熟，长大成人 【反义词】immature adj. 发育未全的；幼稚的，不成熟的 【形近词】nature n. 大自然，自然界；性格，秉性；本质 16. reference n. 参考；提到；推荐信 vt. 查阅，参考 (a) reference (to sb/sth) 说到（或写到）的事；提到；谈及；涉及；帮助或意见的）征求，征询 for (your) reference 以供参考；备案 with/in reference to 关于 without reference to 不管；与…无关；没有提及 refer v. 提到，谈及（refer to）；描述，涉及（refer to）；查阅，参考（refer to） refer to as 把…称作… refer sb / sth to sb / sth　将……送交给（以求获得帮助等） 17. bounce /baʊns/ vt.（向某人）试探性透露（主意）vi. 跳动 n. 弹跳；活力 bounce…off…（向某人）试探性透露（主意） bounce ideas (off sb)/(around) （向某人）试探地透露（主意） bounce back 反弹；迅速恢复活力 bounce off 弹开，反弹；从…弹跳出来；掂量… bounce up and down 上下弹跳 be bouncing off the walls 精力充沛得待不住；激动得难以平静 bounce sb into sth 追逼（或催逼）别人做某事 【同步语法练习】 复杂句式分析 一、用适当的并列连词填空 1. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, ________ the students have theirs, too. 2. You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ________ you won't pass the course. 3. Life isn't perfect and it's always hard, ________ we need reminders in our life from a friend, author, blogger ________ our inner spirit. 4. I know you are telling a lie, ________ you are getting into a panic. 5. It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination ________ in the journey itself. 6. Help others whenever you can ________ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. 7. Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, ________ anyone can start now and make a new ending. 8. China's northernmost city Mohe in Heilongjiang Province has turned into a fairyland covered with snow, ________ other places are still waiting for the first snow. 二、用适当的从属连词或关系词填空 1. Though it is 30 years ________ we last met, I still remember the scene ________ we got separated on a rainy day. 2. ________ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values. 3. Would you be surprised ________ I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? 4. ________ makes the school famous is ________ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. 5. The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys ________ at last it reaches the sea. 6. Many experts believe that teachers' development is ________ the key to better education lies. 7. The student completed the experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. 8. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard ________ we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 9. My mother is grateful to the surgeon, without ________ help she would have died from her heart attack. 10. ________ we can have clean drinking water lies in ________ effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 11. I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 12. Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her husband Les. 三、用恰当的复合句改写下列句子 1. We could have a picnic in the woods. This idea occurred to me. →The idea occurred to me __________________________________． 2. He will graduate from here two years later. →It will be two years __________________________________． 3. He is reading a magazine. I am reading the same magazine. →I am reading the same magazine ____________． 4. If she was sick, I was expected to take her place. This surprised me. I didn't have much work experience. →The news ________________________________________ surprised me, ______________________________． 5. The accident resulted in a serious damage. To tell you the truth, the damage frightened me. I almost gave up driving ever since. →To tell you the truth, the serious damage ____________________ frightened me so much ______________________________． 答案： 一、用适当的并列连词填空：1. but (also)　2. or　3. so; or　4. for　5. but 6. and　7. but/yet　8. while 二、用适当的从属连词或关系词填空：1. since; where　2. That　3. if　4. What; that 5. till/until　6. where　7. what　8. that　9. whose 10. Whether; what　11. who　12. which 三、用恰当的复合句改写下列句子 1. that we could have a picnic in the woods 2. before he graduates from here　3. as he is reading 4. that if she was sick, I was expected to take her place; because/for/as/since I didn't have much work experience　5. that/which was caused by the accident; that I almost gave up driving ever since 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. The shoes may seem t________ at first, but loosen after a few days. 2. A writer should p________ his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection. 3. He was b________ a tennis ball against the garage door to practice tennis skills. 4. Wash your hands with soap and water often and thoroughly, especially after coughing or s________． 5. Losses make us ________ (成熟的) and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. 6. In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with ________ (教授) is very important. 7. She didn't like the course but she stuck it out to get the ________ (证书)． 8. His sudden decision to retire brought down the ________ (帷幕) on a distinguished career. 9. Since time is limited, I ________ (草拟) out my speech in 10 minutes. 10. She fell against our coffee table and got a large bump on her ________ (前额)． 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) through trial and error; hold on; take in; in a flash; reflect on; compose oneself; lay out; fit in; bounce ideas off sb.; dawn on; put off; carve out 1. Despite the hardships I was faced with, I did my best to ______________ and prepared for the challenges ahead. 2. The more fat you ______________ before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 3. I was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly ______________ me that I'd left my wallet at home. 4. Nobody taught him and he actually learned by himself ______________． 5. Bill is a newcomer; he is not sure if he can ______________ with the new surroundings. 6. The first chapter is an introduction which ______________ the general purpose for the whole paper. 7. ______________ our failures is generally good, but when it takes too much time, it is dangerous, for it will shake the confidence in ourselves. 8. People in this corporation have a huge amount of relevant knowledge, and we have the opportunity to go and ________________ them and get feedback. 9. At the conference, the secretary made a motion that the negotiation ______________ to next week. 10. His right arm was extended up beside his head, still ______________ to a coffee cup. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. I hope my recommendation can provide some ________ (refer) for you and wish you a delightful journey in China. 2. Humans experience a delayed ________ (mature); we arrive at all stages of life later than other mammals. 3. According to two recent studies, ________ (random) assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts. 4. If you are in need of a deadline ________ (extend), simply explain the situation to your professor. 5. I don't think we have enough information for our ________ (present), but we have to hand it in tomorrow. B)语法知识运用 6. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf ________ random, enjoying the weekend. 7. ________ suddenly dawned on me that money couldn't make up for all that he had suffered in the past five years. 8. As he approached the door, Mike looked into the room again to see if he ________ (leave) anything behind. 9. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 10. With the number of homecoming overseas students ________ (shoot) up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded. 四、完成句子 1. Hearing the bad news, he hurried home, leaving ________________ (书摊开) on the table. 2. ______________________________ (六个月一晃就过去了) since we parted in the City of Rams.(flash) 3. When he dropped the hint, ________________________ (我突然明白) I was wrong.(dawn) 4. ____________________ (他一点也不知道) he ______________________ (负有全责) the incident.(little位于句首) 5. __________________________________ (没有直接提及) her own childhood in the novel.(reference) 6. He ____________ (深深地吸了一口气), desperately trying to ________________ (让自己冷静下来). 答案： 一、 单词拼写 1. tight　2. polish　3. bouncing　4. sneezing 5. mature　6. professors　7. certificate　8. curtain　9. drafted　10. forehead 二、短语填空 1. compose myself　2. take in　3. dawned on 4. through trial and error　5. fit in　6. lays out 7. Reflecting on　8. bounce ideas off　9. (should) be put off　10. holding on 三、单句填空1. reference　2. maturity　3. Randomly 4. extension　5. presentation　6. at　7. It 8. had left　9. when　10. shooting 四、完成句子 1. the book lying open　2. Six months have/has passed in a flash　3. it suddenly dawned on me that 4. Little did he know (that); was entirely responsible for　5. There is no direct reference to　6. took a deep breath; compose himself 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 As we age, it is natural for our bodies to undergo certain changes that can affect our health and well-being. ____1____ Here are some tips for seniors to age with health in mind. Communication is key. Be sure to consider and communicate with the person who will represent you when you can’t represent yourself. There are many big decisions to think over as we get older, and they not only impact us, but our friends, family. End of life matters take a lot of time to consider and to communicate with our loved ones. Remember in a health emergency, you’re not at your best. ____2____ Focus on social determinants of health. __3___ Make sure you spend enough time and energy on the non-clinical things that impact health outcomes. This includes eating healthy food, exercise, meditation (冥想), social interaction, and doing the things that bring you joy. You may be surprised to know the social and economic factors that impact health account for up to 75 percent of health outcomes. ____4____ When it comes to aims, think both big and small. Small things like going to a social club or gym a few times a week or walking around the neighborhood can have wonderful outcomes for well-being. Cultivate a strong relationship with your PCP. Having a strong and stable relationship with your primary care physician is important. ____5____ You need to find out conditions you may not be aware of. This can include diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. A. Prevention beats cure B. Try to stay physically active. C. Create attainable health goals. D. Events do not happen as one wishes. E. However, there are ways to age gracefully. F. It’s a good idea to visit your doctor yearly at least G. The emergency room is not the place to discuss things. 【答案】1. E 2. G 3. B 4. C 5. F 二、完形填空 From a young age I was fascinated by language. I ____1____ the Welsh words my grandmother taught me and parroted (鹦鹉学舌) my relatives’ local ____2____. I remember a holiday in Spain when two boys asked if I spoke Norwegian. When I couldn’t ____3____, they ran off, leaving me sad. Back home, I’d search shops for language books and enjoyed trying all these different words to ____4____ what was in my head. I thought it was ____5____, and still do. The first language I learned was Spanish. At sixth-form college, I ____6____ Spanish GCSE, then A-level. After university, I cycled to the Netherlands, ____7____ Dutch. It turned out that speaking a language abroad with ____8____ people was an ideal way to learn. Travelling to learn a language became an ____9____—it came with excitement and lonelier moments. I have found that the ____10____ of learning depends on the language. If it is similar to a language I already speak, I can use it in a ____11____ way within weeks. During lockdown, I took short courses in Scots, Korean and Irish. I joined conversation groups and ____12____ exams in Cornish. In 2022, I founded the annual Polyglot Conference. I also ____13____ for indigenous and endangered languages. I’ve studied dozens of languages now. The most important thing about learning languages is the ability to build ____14____ with other people. They allow you to experience ____15____ and perceptions you may never have otherwise considered. 1. A. imagined B. explained C. absorbed D. revised 2. A. quotes B. tales C. opinions D. accents 3. A. respond B. wait C. bear D. decline 4. A. express B. influence C. remove D. evaluate 5. A. complex B. temporary C. disturbing D. amazing 6. A. favoured B. completed C. skipped D. promoted 7. A. making up B. picking up C. relying on D. lecturing on 8. A. civilized B. successful C. modest D. local 9. A. addiction B. option C. adventure D. honour 10. A. style B. speed C. method D. criterion 11. A. comprehensible B. fashionable C. responsible D. thoughtful 12. A. prepared B. discuss C. sat D. failed 13. A. celebrate B. train C. resign D. advocate 14. A. bridges B. identities C. confidence D. loyalty 15. A. challenges B. failures C. sufferings D. dimensions 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. D 三、语法填空 Like something straight out of a fairytale, the abandoned village of Houtouwan on Shengshan Island ____1____the eastern coast of China, has recently become an Internet sensation (网红打卡地) ___2___ an unusual travel hotspot. Houtouwan ____3____ (be) once a prosperous fishing village, with more than 3,000 residents. However, because of its remote and hard-to-access location, its residents started to move out in the 1990s. In 2002, the village was ____4____ (official) depopulated and merged into a nearby village. Deserted for decades, empty houses in the ocean-facing, cliff-side village have been occupied by a blanket of climbing plants. Houtouwan soared to fame among Chinese netizens in 2015 when ____5____ series of attractive photographs of the deserted village went viral (走红). Instead of celebrating its new-found ____6____ (popular), the officials were cautious of the impact ____7___ (bring) by the sudden boom of tourists. But now, it’s ready for tourists. After more than two years of planning, Houtouwan—despite still being comparatively off-grid (不入网的) —has implemented a few new ____8____ (move) to control and take advantage of the boom to develop local economy. Visitors can hike around the ____9____ (hill) village. Signs are put up outside empty houses ___10___ (keep) tourists off possible dangers. 【答案】1. off 2. and 3. was 4. officially 5. a 6. popularity 7. brought 8. moves 9. hilly 10. to keep 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A The Ragged School Museum In a nutshell In 1877 Dr Thomas Barnardo opened the Copperfield Road Free School, the largest of three ragged schools (charitable institutions that offered the poorest children a free education) in a row of three storehouses in East London. Now an underfunded, independent museum (opened in 1990), a small exhibition offers an insight into how tough life was in east London in the late 1800s, but the highlight is one of the original classrooms where visitors can attend a lesson led by an actor in Victorian costume. The museum is in the second phase of applying far a lottery grant (彩票福利基金), which will allow it to make vital repairs to the largest of the three storehouses, though the aim is to keep the authentic (真正) atmosphere of the building. Getting there Easiest by car. The train station is a 30-minute walk away and trains are infrequent. A limited bus service from Liskeard drops you 20 minutes away. Parking is free right outside the gates. Opening hours 10am—6pm Monday—Saturday. Last entry: 5:30pm. Outside these times the museum runs a schools programme, with 16,000 school children coming through the doors each year. Value for money? A little pricey, but the ticket is valid for a year. Entry is £18 adult, £ 13 child, family tickets £37. 60 (1+3 children) or £49. 60 (2+3). Verdict (评价) 8/10. Lots of ideas, interactive activities and friendly, knowledgeable staff. This is an authentic slice of East End history that strives (努力) to inspire children through its work. 1. What does the Ragged School Museum offer to visitors? A. An option to keep its buildings in shape. B. A platform to raise money for its major repair. C. An insight into the British theatre in the 1800s. D. A chance to step back in time for a Victorian lesson. 2. How much would a couple with their three children pay for admission? A. £37. 60. B. £49. 60. C. £57. D. £75. 3. What do we know about the Ragged School Museum? A. It charges parking fees. B. It is beneficial to children. C. It is only accessible by car. D. It has varied opening hours. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B B David is a retired teacher. In October 2020, when the House of Commons voted against extending free school meals into the holidays, David started strategising with the school headteacher: “I said: ‘What are we going to do about this?’” At the last minute, the local council stepped in to fund free holiday meals but a seed had been planted, leaving David pondering (沉思) the wider issue of local food poverty. “It was evident there was a need for food support within the area,” says David. David contacted a group of local residents who had expressed an interest, plus two friends who had worked with the UK food bank charity the Trussell Trust—inviting them to join him on a Zoom call to discuss food poverty during the Covid crisis and beyond. “We decided, everybody together, that we could do something,” David says. The group recruited (招募) volunteers and the project took shape. They chose the name “The Sharehouse”, rather than “food bank”, to reflect the fact that the project would meet not only the need for local food support, but also the pressing desire many expressed to do something meaningful at a time of crisis. “It’s like an exchange, rather than a bank,” says David. The nonprofit opened just six weeks after that first call in December 2020. “We had seven people,” says David, but by the following week, they had 40 clients, and it built steadily. Now they support 100-plus families three times a week, and have gone from having 12 volunteers to about 40. It has also worked with local services to offer support on everything from addiction to debt and benefits advice. Welcoming a client for the first time is often one of the hardest moments. “Having to sit with somebody new and let it unfold—it’s very raw.” The Sharehouse has regulars, but other people fall off the radar, leaving David to wonder what has happened. “I wonder where they are now; what they’re doing. It can be emotional.” The Sharehouse serves as a reminder of how effective collective action and community can be. For anyone wanting to volunteer, David’s advice is: “Be led by what inspires you, don’t be frightened and don’t overthink it.” 4. Why did David found the Sharehouse? A. Some of his neighbours are going hungry B. The authorities denied local food poverty C. He wanted to compete with the food bank charity D. Local residents are unwilling to fund free holiday meals. 5. What do we know about the Sharehouse? A. It has made a huge profit. B. It has expanded its ambitions. C. It presses local people to donate. D. It exchanges food with the food bank. 6. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Complain. B. Struggle. C. Disappear. D. Proceed. 7. What is David’s advice to potential volunteers? A. Follow your heart. B. Think before you act. C. Provide for a rainy day. D. Do as the Romans do. 【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A C The first show to kick off London fashion week (LFW) on Thursday night had all the usual elements you’d expect — a long runway with pumping music, models in towering heels and surprise celebrity appearances causing the front row to take out their phones. However, there was one particular point of difference: the cast, including the model Erin O’Connor and TV presenter Miquita Oliver, were all wearing secondhand clothes. The show, Oxfam Fashion Fighting Poverty, was the third time the nonprofit has taken part in London fashion week. All the clothes came from Oxfam’s own stores and were styled by the British stylist Bay Garnett. Every look was available to buy on eBay after the show, helping to raise funds for the charity. Garnett is a pioneer of secondhand fashion. For Thursday night’s show, Garnett said she started the process by thinking about different types of tribes. Working through stock at Oxfam’s 50,000 sq ft storehouse in West Yorkshire, Garnett narrowed down what she wanted to feature by thinking about different types of tribes. “There has to be some type of character within the clothing, then I piece it together. So there’s goths (哥特人), the 60s, Americana, it’s a real mix.” Garnett cleverly created a variety of looks that would still appeal to a wide variety of cohorts (群体). The show, which was full to capacity, reflects the growing interest in pre-loved fashion. According to GlobalData, the clothes resale market in the UK grew by 149% between 2016 and 2022. It is forecast to rise by 67. 5% from 2022 to 2026. A spokesperson for Oxfam says its main clothing categories including womenswear and menswear are having the bestselling year of the last six, with year on year growth of more than 20%. Garnett, who started her career in fashion in the 90s, said, “Buying secondhand is a form of activism. We’re in a climate emergency so why wouldn’t younger generations buy secondhand? A sustainable option is now cool.” 8. What was the feature of Thursday night’s LFW’s opening show? A. It was aimed to promote the fast fashion. B. Many celebrities and models were present. C. The cast were wearing secondhand fashion. D. The sound and visual effects were impressive. 9. Why did Garnett create a variety of looks for the show? A. To attract a broader audience. B. To promote unity among tribes. C. To make the tribes better known. D. To turn them into a bigger character. 10. What do the data in Paragraph 4 indicate? A. UK’s broad categories of fashion. B. An increase in people’s earnings. C. A huge demand for fashion models. D. Secondhand’s growing popularity. 11. What are Garnett’s words in the last paragraph aimed at? A. Explaining a rule. B. Making a summary. C. Offering a suggestion. D. Providing evidence. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C D The increased use of light-emitting diodes (LED) and other forms of lighting are now brightening the night sky at a dramatic rate. Research has revealed that light pollution is now causing the night sky to brighten at a rate of around 10% a year, an increase that threatens to ruin the sight of all but the most brilliant stars in a generation. A child born where 250 stars are visible at night today would only be able to see about 100 by the time they reach 18. Physicist Christopher Kyba, of the German Centre for Geosciences told the Observer. “A couple of generations ago, people would have regularly encountered this glittering (闪耀) vision of the universe—but what was formerly universal is now extremely rare.” Nevertheless, the introduction of only a modest number of changes to lighting could make a considerable improvement, Kyba argued. These moves would include ensuring outdoor lights are carefully capped, point downwards, have limits placed on their brightness, and are not predominantly blue-white but have red and orange components. The problem is that light pollution is still not perceived by the public to be a threat. As Professor Oscar Corcho, of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, has put it: “The negative consequences of light pollution are as unknown by the population as those of smoking in the 80s.” Yet action is now urgently needed. Apart from its astronomical impact, light pollution is harming human health. “When reddish light shines on our bodies, it stimulates mechanisms including those that break down high levels of sugar in the blood. Since the introduction of LEDs, that part of the spectrum (光谱) has been removed from artificial light and it is playing a part in the waves of obesity (肥胖) and rises in diabetes cases we see today,” said Prof Fosbury from University College London (UCL), UCL researchers are preparing to install additional infrared (红外线) lamps in hospitals and intensive care units (ICU) to see if they have an effect on the recovery of patients who would otherwise be starved of light from this part of the spectrum. 12. What does the author want to show by citing the child’s example? A. More objects in the universe will disappear. B. Light pollution is blinding our view of the stars. C. People’s perception of the universe is inadequate. D. New forms of lighting have made stars unnecessary. 13. What does Kyba think of the moves to ease light pollution? A. They are practical. B. They are rarely successful. C. They aren’t worth the effort. D. It takes ages to see the result. 14. What is top on the agenda of solving light pollution? A. Controlling population growth. B. Changing people’s perception. C. Exploring the unknown universe. D. Banning smoking in public places. 15. What does the follow-up study aim to find out about infrared lamps? A. Whether they help patients recover. B. Whether they increase obesity risk. C. Whether they leave people starving. D. Whether they raise blood sugar level. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是李华，上周你校举办了一年一度的校园读书节活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.活动内容; 3.活动反响。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Reading Festival __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Reading Festival Last week witnessed an important event — our school’s reading festival. All the teachers and students were looking forward to the annual activity. Students crazy about reading leaped at it as soon as the school encouraged them to sign up. The school reading festival lasted a week. It included an exhibition of students’ reading works and ended with a grand show. During the week, beautiful paintings and calligraphy works were displayed on campus. The lovely and rich atmosphere of reading enveloped us. The festival climaxed on Friday evening with a grand show, where students and teachers’ brilliant performances left the audience panting for more. “It was really a feast for the eyes!” a teacher commented. This festival was a great success. It added some spice to our lives. 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A lesson in trust “Come on, Tuck,” I said, patting the floor of the 4Runner (越野车). “Load. Let’s go for a walk.” Tuck danced nervously at my feet, then sat and looked up at me with sad eyes. He wouldn’t jump in. This was my first afternoon with the three-year-old border collie (德国牧羊犬) I was adopting, and it was time for the daily hike. I’d taken Tuck in reluctantly, as a temporary solution for Tammy, my friend. She was trying to find a new home for the dog. Tuck was adopted from a pet store and had been kept long in a cage there, leaving him long-lasting trauma (创伤). Tammy knew why I wasn’t willing to give Tuck a permanent home. Three months earlier, I’d lost my beloved Bantam, the border collie who’d been my rock for 12 years. I wasn’t ready to let a new dog into my life for good. But I’d agreed to help Tammy out while she continued her search. Tuck wouldn’t load, no matter how much I coaxed (劝诱). Knowing there was always a reason for a dog’s behavior, I finally lifted the dog up and placed him in the back. “Load,” I said, teaching him the command. “Good boy.” But every day, when it came time to load for our hike, Tuck still didn’t trust my invitation. At the end of the second week, I became impatient. Actually, Tuck was a sweet dog and seemed to love everyone. He had this boyish enthusiasm toward strangers. Days crept into a third week. I found myself appreciating Tuck for who he was. One afternoon, he came to the steps where I sat. He shyly looked at me, then walked over and put one big foot on my knee. At that very moment, I realized that he did show affection, in his own way. But he still refused to load for our hike. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Why wouldn’t Tuck jump into the car? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next afternoon, I called Tuck over and let him watch as I removed the cage from the car. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Why wouldn’t Tuck jump into the car? I kept wondering about Tuck’s strange behavior. Having changed the command for several times, I lost my patience eventually. “Load,” I ordered angrily, raising my voice. Tuck went down to the ground and put his head on his paws, his eyes full of fear. Seeing this, I gave in. Upon lifting him into the 4Runner as usual, I caught a glimpse of the cage, Bantam’s cage. The next afternoon, I called Tuck over and let him watch as I removed the cage from the car. After that, I patted the floor of the 4Runner, and said, “Come on now, Tuck. You can trust me.” To my surprise, Tuck jumped up on his own, tail wagging. Mystery solved! Without hesitation, I called Tammy and told her about my decision to give Tuck a permanent home here with me. That afternoon, I realized that while I trying to trust that fostering Tuck was the right thing to do, Tuck was fighting a battle to trust me. My adopted dog, in fact, taught me a lesson in trust. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $