Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案聚焦选择性必修四U1-2的核心词汇与状语从句语法，梳理burden、resign等7个重点词汇的词性转换及固定搭配，系统讲解时间、原因、结果等状语从句的分类用法。通过词汇辨析与语法规则回顾导入课堂，以表格对比（如when/while/as用法区别）和例句解析为支架，衔接已学基础语法，帮助学生构建知识脉络。 资料特色在于分层训练与素养导向，词汇部分整合词性、搭配及语境应用，语法部分结合典型例句与表格归纳提升语言理解能力，练习涵盖填空、翻译、阅读等多样化题型，培养学生思维的逻辑性与学习策略，符合语言能力和思维品质的核心素养要求，助力高效掌握知识点并实现迁移应用。

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U1-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 1.burden n. (责任、义务等的)重担，负担 vt.(使)担负 a burden on/to ...是...的负担 to bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担 burden sb/oneself (with sth.) 使...担负...;装载... be burdened with sth. 负重;为...所累 2.resign vt&vi.辞职,辞去;放弃;使听从;委托 resigned adj. 顺从的;已辞职的;已放弃的 resignation n. 辞职; 辞职信,辞呈;顺从,听任;(棋)认输 resign from sth./resign as sth. 辞职;辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任;只好接受;顺从 be resigned to (doing) sth无奈地接受某事物 a letter of resignation辞职信 3.guilty adj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的(ashamed);有罪的(反：innocent),有过失的(guiltier,guiltiest) guilt n. 内疚;罪行；罪责(U) guiltless adj. 无罪的,无辜的;没有…的,不知…的 guiltily adv. 内疚地;有罪地 feel/be guilty about/for/at/over 对...感到内疚/惭愧 be guilty of 犯有...罪；有...过失 be filled/consumed with guilt 满怀愧疚 a sense of guilt 内疚感 a guilt trip使人内疚的责备 4.ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 shameful adj. 丢脸的，可耻的（近disgraceful）（事件） shameless adj. 无耻的(人) be/feel ashamed of /that...对...感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 因惭愧而不情愿；羞于 shame n. 羞耻,羞愧;羞耻心,羞耻感; 让人遗憾的事 What a shame!多可惜! 真丢脸! 5.cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊 cheat sb (out)of sth. 骗取某人某物;阻止 某人得到某物 cheat sb into doing sth.哄骗某人做某事 cheat one’s way into 以欺骗方式做某事 catch sb cheating 当场抓住某人正在做某事 feel cheated感觉被欺骗，感觉不公平 cheat n.欺骗,行骗;欺骗行为; 骗子;作弊者(cheater) cheat death 死里逃生;幸免于难(a narrow escape) cheat sheet备忘纸条;(尤指考试用的)作弊纸条;夹带 be cheated of victory/success与胜利/成功擦肩而过 6.forgive vt.&vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) forgiveness n. 宽恕;宽仁之心 forgiving adj.宽宏大量的,宽容的 forgivable adj.可原谅的,可宽恕的 forgive sb/oneself for (doing)sth 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive sb sth. 原谅/宽恕某人某事 forgive a debt/loan免除债务 forgive and forget 既往不咎;不念旧恶 7.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 disappoint v.(使)失望;使破灭,使落空 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望 disappointedly adv.失望地 be disappointed at/by sth.对某事感到失望 be disappointed with/in sb.对某人感到失望 be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而感到失望 be disappointed that....因....而感到失望 What disappoints/disappointed sb. most is/was that...最令某人失望的是···· disappoint one’s hopes of...毁灭某人...的希望 a disappointing result一个令人失望的结果 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 in disappointment失望地 【同步语法梳理】 状语从句 一、定义 1．状语定义：状语是用来修饰谓语、形容词或副词，或是整个句子的成分。 2．状语从句：当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，该句子就是状语从句。 二、状语从句的分类 (一)时间状语从句 1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句 连词 含义及用法 例句 when “当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 When you apply for a job，you must present your application.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的申请表。 while “当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 When/While the teacher paraphrased the text in English，the students listened attentively and took notes.当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。 as “随着……”，“一边……一边……”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 As it gets warmer and warmer，the trees begin to come to life. 随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。 2.before和since引导的时间状语从句 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前；还没有来得及……就……； 趁着……；……才…… ①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before... 要过/过了……时间才…… ②It won’t be＋一段时间＋before...过不了多久就会…… ③It wasn’t＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……了 since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用一般过去时) Before they reached the house，a new great wave came，sweeping down trees，and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。 If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过这个机会，可能要过很多年才能再得到一个。 It is/has been ten years since the criminal was arrested. 那名罪犯被捕已经十年了。 3．till/until引导的时间状语从句 (1)until/till用于肯定句时，其主句谓语动词为延续性动词；(2)not...until/till...所在的主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词；(3)until可用于句首，而till不能；(4)not until 置于句首，主句要用部分倒装；(5)it is/was not until...that...强调句型。 As far as I know，his mother won’t go to bed until he returns home every evening. ＝As far as I know，not until he returns home every evening will his mother go to bed. ＝As far as I know，it is not until he returns home every evening that his mother will go to bed. 据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。 4．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。 (2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。 The new building programme will go ahead as soon as the government releases the funds. 政府一旦释放资金，新的建设计划就会开始。 We had hardly/no sooner got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there. ＝Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there. 我们一到达目的地，就开始做一些志愿者工作。 5．其他连词引导的时间状语从句 every time/each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)，by the time(当……的时候) The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking，I was moved by his devotion to the research. 当我第一次听说史蒂芬·霍金时，我被他对研究的投入所感动。 By the time you come back，we’ll have completed the project. 到你回来的时候，我们将已完成这项工程。 (二)原因状语从句 连词 意义和用法 例句 because because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强 He didn’t take in what he read because his mind was focused on something else. 他看不懂所读的东西，因为他的心思都集中在别的事情上了。 as as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调 As it is snowing，we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。 since/now that 表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，故常译为“既然……” Now that/Since you’ve grown up you must learn to stand on your own two feet. 你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。 seeing (that) 鉴于；由于 Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.鉴于天气不好，我们将待在家里。 in that “因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用 I wonder whether his hearing is okay in that he has turned the television up very loud. 我不知道他的听力否还好，因为他把电视声音开得很大。 (三)结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so that(因此)，so...that...，such...that...等引导。 so...that...和such...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。结构形式如下： He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family. ＝So little money did he earn that he couldn’t support his family. 他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。 He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. ＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much. ＝Such a learned person/So learned a person is he that we admire him very much. 他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。 Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I knew she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。 (四)让步状语从句 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管……，即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。 1．although/though引导的让步状语从句 although/though，意为“虽然；尽管”，可与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。 Although/Though they have been talking for a long time yet，he cannot make her believe him. 虽然他们谈了很长时间，他还是不能让她信任自己。 2．while引导的让步状语从句 while意为“虽然；尽管”，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。 While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive. 尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。 3．as引导的让步状语从句 as意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序，此时可与though换用。 Child as/though he was，he helped me a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。 4．even if/though引导的让步状语从句 even if/though意为“即使，尽管”。 Set aside some time each day to practise speaking English，even if/though it is only five minutes. 每天抽出一点时间来练习说英语，哪怕只有五分钟。 5．疑问词-ever与“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句 疑问词-ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down on the amount of food you eat. 无论你如何努力，不减少食量是很难减肥的。 6．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 自从洪灾以来，所有的人，无论他们是年老还是年幼，富有还是贫穷，都在尽他们最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。 (五)其他类型的状语从句 状语从句 连词 地点状语从句 where，wherever等 目的状语从句 so that(为了)，in case(以免，以防)，for fear that(唯恐，以防)，in order that等 条件状语从句 if，unless (除非)，as/so long as(只要)，on condition that(只要)，in case (假使)，providing/provided (that)，supposing (that)(假使，倘若)等。 方式状语从句 as，as if/as though等 比较状语从句 as...as...，the same as，比较级＋than，the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...等 ①Just as the saying goes，where there is a will，there is a way. 俗话说，有志者事竟成。 ②With all these attractions，no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. 有这些景点，难怪哪里有迪士尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。 ③I’ll speak slowly so that/in order that you can make sense of what I say. 我讲慢一点，以便你能理解我说的话。 ④As long as you don’t lose heart，you’ll succeed sooner or later. 只要你不灰心，你迟早会成功的。 ⑤Supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能向谁求助呢？ ⑥He acted as if he hadn’t heard any of it. 他表现得好像一点都没听过这件事一样。 ⑦Just as we sweep our rooms，we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的观点。 ⑧The more you exercise，the healthier you will be. 你锻炼得越多，你就越健康。 随堂练习 随堂语法练习 一、用适当的从属连词填空 1. Children should be instructed to put things ________ they belong in the early childhood. 2. Strange ________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 3. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly ________ the airlines lower ticket prices. 4. ________ safety always comes first, please queue up in lines to enter the hall orderly and do not push each other. 5. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won't bother to see it, or I'll wait ________ it comes out on the Internet. 6. I'm sorry you have been waiting so long, but it will still be some time ________ you can get your passport. 7. She was looking for her bicycle key ________ she thought she might have put it. 8. ________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 9. ________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 10. The fear is that ________ we don't start taking the litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites. 11. The games my parents taught me ________ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 12. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ (question) at the meeting by my boss. 2. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ (see) whether he was going in the right direction. 3. While ________ (walk) along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of birds. 4. No child shall be, unless ________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day. 5. There are some health problems that, when ________ (not treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. 6. When ________ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 7. Though ________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 8. No matter how frequently ________ (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 三、完成句子 1. ____________________________________ (只要我们不灰心) and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims. 2. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ________________________________ (这样它们就会足够甜到可以吃了)． 3. If you miss this chance, ________________ (可能需要很多年才) you get another one. 4. He behaves ______________________ (好像对此事一无所知)． 5. He speaks English well indeed, but of course ________________ (不如以英语为母语的人流利)． 6. Although ________________________ (因他自己的错误而受到责备), the boy didn't seem to be unhappy. 7. Everyone should be taught to be honest and responsible and __________________ (你也不例外)． 8. We have to look towards the future, ________________________________ (为我们的孩子好). 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. Some older users easily misunderstand or are c________ by incorrect information on the Internet. 2. Many of us feel g________ when we cannot spend much time accompanying our parents. 3. When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel d________ and frustrated. 4. The vase is quite fragile so we have to w________ it in soft material before we send it by post. 5. I have already f________ her for lying to me though I was really angry at first. 6. He accidentally hurt himself in the waist when he was smoothing the w________ in his shirt with an iron. 7. The chairman ________ (辞职) when he was found to have misappropriated funds. 8. The pieces on display are not grouped around any one theme, but rather represent ________ (极佳的) examples from various periods. 9. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you're merely ________ (假装) to listen. 10. New products and production processes are transferred to the developing countries only after a ________ (大量的) amount of time has lapsed. 二、翻译句子 1. 当被问到这本书时，他假装已经读过了。(状语从句的省略；pretend) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你应该为自己说这种谎感到羞耻。(be ashamed of) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 仔细检查包裹后，他撕下包装纸。(tear off) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 无论社会地位，每个人都有权得到良好的医疗。(regardless of) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我们正在开会，这时突然有人敲门。(be doing...when...) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Everybody seems to have a unique way to learn a language, and yet we all come to the same result of speaking at most two languages fluently._____1_____ Unbelievable as it may sound,those polyglots (通晓语言者) have a good command of more than two languages, some of whom even can speak eight or more kinds of languages. You may wonder how talented they are and what their secrets are. _____2_____ The one thing they all have in common is that they just find ways to enjoy the language-learning process.They are talking about language learning as if it is great fun. You may have seen their happiness and excitement when they are showing their colorful grammar charts and their carefully handmade flash cards, and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language.____3____ But one thing is certain, they always make sure it’s something that they personally enjoy. ____4____They simply found ways how to enjoy the process, how to turn language learning from a boring school subject into a pleasant activity which you don’t mind doing every day. So if you don’t like writing words down on paper, why not type them in an app? If you don’t like listening to boring textbook material, why not find interesting content in podcasts? If you’ve also tried to learn a language and you gave up, thinking it’s too difficult or you don’t have the language talent, give it another try.____5_____ Maybe you’re also just one method away from becoming a polyglot. A. All of them use different methods. B. No wonder they can get the hang of so many languages. C. But the fact is that they simply love learning languages. D. Maybe you’re just one enjoyable method away from learning that language fluently. E. Polyglots are no geniuses and they don’t have shortcut to learning languages. F. But actually there exists another kind of language learners called polyglot. G. Don’t be afraid that you may fail in the end and just try again. 二、完形填空 I’ve been metal-detecting for 35 years. I’m as____1____now as that first time I went out and started to find what I thought was treasure, but really was just rubbish: the few odd coins and bits and pieces. As soon as I walk across that field, all my troubles ____2____. One week in April 2010, the sun was shining. Off I went down into Somerset, I had three farms all next to one another where I had____3____ to detect. I got a good____4____, so I cut a little bit of grass, flapped it back - and there was a silver Roman coin, a siliqua(一种硬币)! They don’t come up very often.I put it into my pocket, not realising that I would spend the next three hours going round___5____on that field, literally picking up silver coins. I had to work the next week, but I really wanted to try this field again. So on the way home, I thought:“I’ll pop in for a couple of hours.“ I got a signal and, at first, all I could find was this one coin and a bit of black pottery. So, I____6____ a bit more. I ended up pulling out a big chunk of yellow clay with bronze___7____ like little blue berries in a pudding. I literally shouted: “I’ve got two hoards(储藏地)!There was the scattered hoard of siliquas and what is called the Frome Hoard: 52,503 coins in a pot that___8____160 kg in total. The Treasure Valuation Committee____9____the Frome Hoard at about f360,000, a payment in____10_____ that you did the right thing and reported treasure. Now, it’s in the Museum of Somerset. They have made a fantastic ____11_____of it. The _____12_____ is still there whenever I go out, even if I have a bad day and I only find____13_____. I just think:”Hey, it’s a bad day, but I’ve been out in the fresh air. I’ve been out in the sunshine. I’ve done a bit of walking, so I’m keeping a bit____14_____ ” It doesn’t even matter if I don’t find anything. It is the adventure, the excitement, and the feeling of being connected to the____15____that keeps me coming back for more. 1. A. passionate B. pessimistic C. empathetic D. disappointed 2. A. exist B. change C. appear D. disappear 3. A. admission B. permission C. ability D. claim 4. A. try B. view C. signal D. companion 5. A. in queue B. in circles C. in crowds D. in groups 6. A. dug B. put C. pushed D. counted 7. A. vases B. coins C. clay D. pottery 8. A. measured B. weighed C. contained D. maintained 9. A. handed B. assigned C. valued D. swapped 10. A. praise B. recognition C. identification D. action 11. A. occasion B. celebration C. purchase D. display 12. A. shock B. excitement C. intelligence D. pattern 13. A. treasure B. jewelry C. rubbish D. puddings 14. A. sadder B. fatter C. slimmer D. fitter 15. A. past B. coins C. moment D. treasure 三、语法填空 Huang Yongyu, one of the most_____1_____ (produce) and best-known artists in the second half of the 20th century in China, died on Tuesday. He was 99. Huang was recognized as a legendary figure in Chinese art and design. His skillfulness_____2_____ (acknowledge) in woodcuts, ink painting, composing poems and essays and novels and designing postage stamps over the past decades. His early artistic endeavors were rooted in traditional Chinese art forms, such as woodcuts and calligraphy. However, as he grew older and gained more experience, he began to expand his skills,_____3_____(experiment) with different mediums and techniques. It was this willingness to take risks and try new things____4_____would ultimately set him apart as an artist. _____5_____made Huang a household name was his designing of several sought-after stamps, including the “Golden Monkey Stamp”, which was issued in 1980____6_____(celebrate) the Year of the Monkey, and the Year of Rabbit stamp set of two - among his last works - one of____7____showed a blue rabbit that drew____8_____(divide) opinions. ____9____ these successes, Huang never forgot his humble beginnings. He remained a passionate and dedicated artist until_____10_____very end of his life, always willing to push the boundaries of his craft and explore new artistic horizons. His contributions to the world of Chinese art and design will continue to be celebrated and remembered for generations to come. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said to me, “She may not be up to what we’re trying to accomplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested and found that the troubles my daughter was having were the same as those I had had. I decided to get tested as well. She was dyslexic, and so was I. By then I was a successful television writer and producer. I’d won an Emmy for “The Rockford Files.” Had I known earlier, though, that there was a reason beyond my control to explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me. I needed that praise because I was carrying around the failure in studies. I did badly in all my courses. I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, “How long did you study for this?” He said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” So what do I take from that? He must be smarter than I am. I began to ask, “What will happen to me when I’m not good at anything?” Despite my doubts, I did become successful, and people now say to me, “So you’ve overcome dyslexia.” No. You don’t overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me. Most people who go through college read at least twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right. I get that recording “The number you have reached is not in service” more than any man on earth. Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right- brain, abstract thought, and that’s what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly— I go like wind — and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is not the problem. That’s my strength. The real fear I have for dyslexic is not that they have to struggle with regular school studies, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create victories whenever they can, whether it’s music, sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, “Yeah, reading’s hard. But I have these other things I can do.” 1. According to the passage, a dyslexic person _____. A. struggles with reading at a slower pace B. has a natural talent for mathematics C. performs worse in left-brain activities D. faces discrimination in society 2. We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer _____. A. struggled and got better grades B. was grateful for not knowing of dyslexia earlier C. was praised for overcoming dyslexia D. didn’t work hard when he was young 3. According to the passage, what is the author’s major concern for dyslexic children? A. They will struggle academically and have low self-esteem. B. They will face discrimination and exclusion from society. C. They will give up on themselves before realizing their potential. D. They will not be able to find success in creative fields. B An open letter, attracting signatures from the likes of Tesla CEO Elon Musk and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, was released early last week. It advocates a 6-month stop to give Artificial Intelligence (AI) companies and regulators time to make safeguards to protect society from potential risks of the technology. AI has progressed at an alarming speed since the launch of ChatGPT, from the Microsoft-backed company Open AI. ChatGPT reportedly reached more than 100 million users by January, 2023, and major tech companies are racing to build generative AI into their products, which have caught many off guard. “I think many people aren’t well prepared for the pace and scale of these AI models. They are ideal for spreading misinformation, cheating people out of their money and convincing employees to click on dangerous links in emails.” says Michael Osborne, a machine leaning researcher of AI company Mind Foundry, who signed the letter. “I feel that a 6-month pause would give regulators enough time to catch up with the rapid pace of advances.” Privacy is another emerging concern, as critics worry that systems could exactly reproduce personal information from their training sets. Italy’s data protection authority prohibited ChatGPT on 31 March over concerns that Italians’ personal data are being used to train Open AI’s models. Some technologists warn of deeper security threats. Planned ChatGPT-based digital assistants that can read and write emails could offer new opportunities for hackers. Unfortunately, many problems of today’s AI models don’t have easy solutions. One tricky issue is how to make AI-generated content easy to detect. Some researchers are working on “watermarking”- creating a digital signature in the AI’s output. However, a recent research finds that tools which slightly change AI-produced text can easily defeat this approach. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates tells Reuters the proposed pause won’t “solve the challenges” ahead. He notes the people behind the letter are heavily involved in the tech world, which he thinks gives them a narrow perspective on the potential risks. 4. What is the main purpose of the open letter? A. To raise awareness about the potential risks of AI technology. B. To call for a temporary pause in AI development. C. To advocate for stricter regulations on AI companies. D. To gather support from influential figures in the tech industry. 5. What’s the impact of AI on many people, as mentioned in the second paragraph? A. It has come as a shock to many people. B. It has led to increased collaboration among tech companies. C. It has resulted in widespread acceptance of AI technology. D. It has sparked concerns about privacy protection. 6. What does the author aim to show by mentioning “watermarking” in Paragraph 5? A. It is hard to sign digitally. B. It is easy to detect AI’s output. C. It is wise to leave a watermark D. It is tough to settle AI problems. 7. What is Bill Gate’s opinion regarding the proposed pause in AI development? A. He believes it will effectively address the challenges ahead. B. He thinks the people behind the letter lack vision on the risks. C. He supports the call for stricter regulations on AI companies. D. He casts doubts on the effectiveness of the pause. C Scientists have discovered more than 5,000 new species living on the seabed in an untouched area of the Pacific Ocean that has been identified as a future hotspot for deep-sea mining, according to a review of the environmental surveys carried out in the area. It is the first time the previously unknown biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a mineral-rich area of the ocean floor that spans 1.7m sq miles between Hawaii and Mexico in the Pacific, has been comprehensively documented. The research will be critical to assessing the risk of extinction of the species, given contracts for deep-sea mining in the near-pristine area appear imminent. Most of the animals identified by researchers exploring the zone are new to science, and almost all are unique to the region: only six, including a carnivorous sponge and a sea cucumber, have been seen elsewhere. Contracts for mining exploration in the CCZ have been granted to 17 deep-sea mining contractors in an area covering 745,000 sq miles. The companies, which are backed by countries including Britain, the US and China, want to dig for minerals including cobalt manganese and nickel in part to sell to the alternative energy sector. To better understand the impact of mining this fragile ecosystem and its newly discovered inhabitants, an international team of scientists has built the first “CCZ checklist” by compiling all the records from expeditions to the region. Published in the journal Current Biology, it includes 5,578 different species, of which an estimated 88% to 92% had never before been seen. To study and collect specimens (样品) from the ocean floor, biologists have joined research cruises in the Pacific that send remote-controlled vehicles to traverse (穿越) the seabed 4,000 to 6,000 meters below. Adrian Glover, a deep-sea biologist at the NHM and senior author of the study described it as an “incredible privilege”. The expedition, funded through the Natural Environment Research Council and others, is backed by UK Seabed Resources (UKSR), a deep-sea mining company that operates the UK’s exploration area. The scientists watch operations by video link direct from the boat as new species are gathered by remote control vehicles in the darkness below. The seabed, Glover said, is an “amazing place” where, despite the extreme cold and dark, life thrives. “One of the characteristics of the abyssal plain is the lack of food, but life has a way of persisting down there,” he said, “It’s a mystery.” One of the deep-sea animals discovered was nicknamed the “gummy squirrel”, because of its huge tail and jelly-like appearance, he said. There are also glass sponges, some of which look like vases. With approval for deep-sea mining looming, Glover said he believed it was “imperative that we work with the companies looking to mine these resources to ensure any such activity is done in a way that limits its impact upon the natural world”. 8. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “imminent”? A. Easy to carry out. B. Ready to take place. C. Hard to cope with. D. Important to look over. 9. What is the primary focus of the research in Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ)? A. Identifying new species living on the seabed. B. Assessing the risk of extinction of species. C. Documenting the biodiversity of the area. D. Exploring the potential for deep-sea mining. 10. What is the feature of the abyssal plain mentioned by Adrian Glover? A. Abundance of food. B. Extreme lifeless environment. C. Presence of glass sponges. D. Prosperous life despite challenging conditions. 11. What’s the best title of the passage? A. A magic zone:available to mining companies B. A mineral-rich area: Clarion-Clipperton Zone C. An “amazing place”: new species booming D. Deep-sea wonders: the new species found in a Pacific mining hotspot 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是李华，下周学校将组织的为期三天的研学旅行，你发现行程( itinerary )较为宽松，决定写这写一封邮件给学校，内容包括： 1.建议增加参观当地航天博物馆； 2.至少陈述两个理由； 3.80字左右。 Dear Mr Zhao, I am a student from class 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua. 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At the age of 17, I formed a band with three classmates. After we won the first prize at our school’s talent show, we decided to see if we could get some local performances. When we found out we’d gotten booked for a charitable event at a large hospital, we were excited. For two weeks, we practiced hard, getting together every day after school to sharpen our skills and learn enough songs to fill a one-hour show. On the day of the concert, we showed up early to check out the stage. We set up and did a quick sound check, then went backstage lo have a soda and rest. While we were back there, the hospital’s entertainment director came over to talk to us. “Okay, boys, I just want to fill you in on a couple of important details,” she told us. “A lot of the people in the audience are suffering from severe physical or mental disabilities. Also, many of them are very old. Don’t let that alarm you. They have very few chances to see live entertainment of any kind, so they enjoy any kind of musical talent. Just play your regular show, and you’ll do fine.” With that, she left, going to help the volunteers and staff that were assisting the patients to their seats. Soon enough, it was showtime. Everything was perfect, and we played probably the best show of our lives. We hardly missed a note on any of our songs. Unfortunately, we couldn’t enjoy our performance. As each song finished, there was a short pause. This was the time when the audience would normally applaud. Now, we were getting nothing. Zero. The deafening silence only made us more determined to win the audience over. We tried harder. Loud songs, soft songs, it made no difference. After forty-five minutes, we decided to end our set early. Why bother finishing when no one was appreciating us anyway? We unplugged (拔去) our instruments and went backstage. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A moment later, the entertainment director ran back to us. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Returning to the stage, we played our final three songs. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U1-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 1.burden n. (责任、义务等的)重担，负担 vt.(使)担负 a burden on/to ...是...的负担 to bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担 burden sb/oneself (with sth.) 使...担负...;装载... be burdened with sth. 负重;为...所累 2.resign vt&vi.辞职,辞去;放弃;使听从;委托 resigned adj. 顺从的;已辞职的;已放弃的 resignation n. 辞职; 辞职信,辞呈;顺从,听任;(棋)认输 resign from sth./resign as sth. 辞职;辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任;只好接受;顺从 be resigned to (doing) sth无奈地接受某事物 a letter of resignation辞职信 3.guilty adj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的(ashamed);有罪的(反：innocent),有过失的(guiltier,guiltiest) guilt n. 内疚;罪行；罪责(U) guiltless adj. 无罪的,无辜的;没有…的,不知…的 guiltily adv. 内疚地;有罪地 feel/be guilty about/for/at/over 对...感到内疚/惭愧 be guilty of 犯有...罪；有...过失 be filled/consumed with guilt 满怀愧疚 a sense of guilt 内疚感 a guilt trip使人内疚的责备 4.ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 shameful adj. 丢脸的，可耻的（近disgraceful）（事件） shameless adj. 无耻的(人) be/feel ashamed of /that...对...感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 因惭愧而不情愿；羞于 shame n. 羞耻,羞愧;羞耻心,羞耻感; 让人遗憾的事 What a shame!多可惜! 真丢脸! 5.cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊 cheat sb (out)of sth. 骗取某人某物;阻止 某人得到某物 cheat sb into doing sth.哄骗某人做某事 cheat one’s way into 以欺骗方式做某事 catch sb cheating 当场抓住某人正在做某事 feel cheated感觉被欺骗，感觉不公平 cheat n.欺骗,行骗;欺骗行为; 骗子;作弊者(cheater) cheat death 死里逃生;幸免于难(a narrow escape) cheat sheet备忘纸条;(尤指考试用的)作弊纸条;夹带 be cheated of victory/success与胜利/成功擦肩而过 6.forgive vt.&vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) forgiveness n. 宽恕;宽仁之心 forgiving adj.宽宏大量的,宽容的 forgivable adj.可原谅的,可宽恕的 forgive sb/oneself for (doing)sth 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive sb sth. 原谅/宽恕某人某事 forgive a debt/loan免除债务 forgive and forget 既往不咎;不念旧恶 7.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 disappoint v.(使)失望;使破灭,使落空 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望 disappointedly adv.失望地 be disappointed at/by sth.对某事感到失望 be disappointed with/in sb.对某人感到失望 be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而感到失望 be disappointed that....因....而感到失望 What disappoints/disappointed sb. most is/was that...最令某人失望的是···· disappoint one’s hopes of...毁灭某人...的希望 a disappointing result一个令人失望的结果 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 in disappointment失望地 【同步语法梳理】 状语从句 一、定义 1．状语定义：状语是用来修饰谓语、形容词或副词，或是整个句子的成分。 2．状语从句：当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，该句子就是状语从句。 二、状语从句的分类 (一)时间状语从句 1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句 连词 含义及用法 例句 when “当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 When you apply for a job，you must present your application.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的申请表。 while “当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 When/While the teacher paraphrased the text in English，the students listened attentively and took notes.当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。 as “随着……”，“一边……一边……”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 As it gets warmer and warmer，the trees begin to come to life. 随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。 2.before和since引导的时间状语从句 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前；还没有来得及……就……； 趁着……；……才…… ①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before... 要过/过了……时间才…… ②It won’t be＋一段时间＋before...过不了多久就会…… ③It wasn’t＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……了 since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用一般过去时) Before they reached the house，a new great wave came，sweeping down trees，and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。 If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过这个机会，可能要过很多年才能再得到一个。 It is/has been ten years since the criminal was arrested. 那名罪犯被捕已经十年了。 3．till/until引导的时间状语从句 (1)until/till用于肯定句时，其主句谓语动词为延续性动词；(2)not...until/till...所在的主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词；(3)until可用于句首，而till不能；(4)not until 置于句首，主句要用部分倒装；(5)it is/was not until...that...强调句型。 As far as I know，his mother won’t go to bed until he returns home every evening. ＝As far as I know，not until he returns home every evening will his mother go to bed. ＝As far as I know，it is not until he returns home every evening that his mother will go to bed. 据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。 4．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。 (2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。 The new building programme will go ahead as soon as the government releases the funds. 政府一旦释放资金，新的建设计划就会开始。 We had hardly/no sooner got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there. ＝Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there. 我们一到达目的地，就开始做一些志愿者工作。 5．其他连词引导的时间状语从句 every time/each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)，by the time(当……的时候) The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking，I was moved by his devotion to the research. 当我第一次听说史蒂芬·霍金时，我被他对研究的投入所感动。 By the time you come back，we’ll have completed the project. 到你回来的时候，我们将已完成这项工程。 (二)原因状语从句 连词 意义和用法 例句 because because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强 He didn’t take in what he read because his mind was focused on something else. 他看不懂所读的东西，因为他的心思都集中在别的事情上了。 as as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调 As it is snowing，we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。 since/now that 表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，故常译为“既然……” Now that/Since you’ve grown up you must learn to stand on your own two feet. 你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。 seeing (that) 鉴于；由于 Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.鉴于天气不好，我们将待在家里。 in that “因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用 I wonder whether his hearing is okay in that he has turned the television up very loud. 我不知道他的听力否还好，因为他把电视声音开得很大。 (三)结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so that(因此)，so...that...，such...that...等引导。 so...that...和such...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。结构形式如下： He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family. ＝So little money did he earn that he couldn’t support his family. 他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。 He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. ＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much. ＝Such a learned person/So learned a person is he that we admire him very much. 他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。 Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I knew she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。 (四)让步状语从句 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管……，即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。 1．although/though引导的让步状语从句 although/though，意为“虽然；尽管”，可与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。 Although/Though they have been talking for a long time yet，he cannot make her believe him. 虽然他们谈了很长时间，他还是不能让她信任自己。 2．while引导的让步状语从句 while意为“虽然；尽管”，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。 While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive. 尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。 3．as引导的让步状语从句 as意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序，此时可与though换用。 Child as/though he was，he helped me a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。 4．even if/though引导的让步状语从句 even if/though意为“即使，尽管”。 Set aside some time each day to practise speaking English，even if/though it is only five minutes. 每天抽出一点时间来练习说英语，哪怕只有五分钟。 5．疑问词-ever与“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句 疑问词-ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down on the amount of food you eat. 无论你如何努力，不减少食量是很难减肥的。 6．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 自从洪灾以来，所有的人，无论他们是年老还是年幼，富有还是贫穷，都在尽他们最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。 (五)其他类型的状语从句 状语从句 连词 地点状语从句 where，wherever等 目的状语从句 so that(为了)，in case(以免，以防)，for fear that(唯恐，以防)，in order that等 条件状语从句 if，unless (除非)，as/so long as(只要)，on condition that(只要)，in case (假使)，providing/provided (that)，supposing (that)(假使，倘若)等。 方式状语从句 as，as if/as though等 比较状语从句 as...as...，the same as，比较级＋than，the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...等 ①Just as the saying goes，where there is a will，there is a way. 俗话说，有志者事竟成。 ②With all these attractions，no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. 有这些景点，难怪哪里有迪士尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会兴旺。 ③I’ll speak slowly so that/in order that you can make sense of what I say. 我讲慢一点，以便你能理解我说的话。 ④As long as you don’t lose heart，you’ll succeed sooner or later. 只要你不灰心，你迟早会成功的。 ⑤Supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能向谁求助呢？ ⑥He acted as if he hadn’t heard any of it. 他表现得好像一点都没听过这件事一样。 ⑦Just as we sweep our rooms，we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的观点。 ⑧The more you exercise，the healthier you will be. 你锻炼得越多，你就越健康。 随堂练习 随堂语法练习 一、用适当的从属连词填空 1. Children should be instructed to put things ________ they belong in the early childhood. 2. Strange ________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 3. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly ________ the airlines lower ticket prices. 4. ________ safety always comes first, please queue up in lines to enter the hall orderly and do not push each other. 5. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won't bother to see it, or I'll wait ________ it comes out on the Internet. 6. I'm sorry you have been waiting so long, but it will still be some time ________ you can get your passport. 7. She was looking for her bicycle key ________ she thought she might have put it. 8. ________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 9. ________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 10. The fear is that ________ we don't start taking the litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites. 11. The games my parents taught me ________ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 12. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ (question) at the meeting by my boss. 2. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ (see) whether he was going in the right direction. 3. While ________ (walk) along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of birds. 4. No child shall be, unless ________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day. 5. There are some health problems that, when ________ (not treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. 6. When ________ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 7. Though ________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 8. No matter how frequently ________ (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 三、完成句子 1. ____________________________________ (只要我们不灰心) and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims. 2. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ________________________________ (这样它们就会足够甜到可以吃了)． 3. If you miss this chance, ________________ (可能需要很多年才) you get another one. 4. He behaves ______________________ (好像对此事一无所知)． 5. He speaks English well indeed, but of course ________________ (不如以英语为母语的人流利)． 6. Although ________________________ (因他自己的错误而受到责备), the boy didn't seem to be unhappy. 7. Everyone should be taught to be honest and responsible and __________________ (你也不例外)． 8. We have to look towards the future, ________________________________ (为我们的孩子好). 答案：一. 用适当的从属连词填空 1. where　2. as/though　3. unless　4. As/Since 5. till/until　6. before　7. wherever　8. As/When 9. While/Though/Although　10. if　11. when　12. unless 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. questioned　2. to see　3. walking　4. Accompanied 5. not treated　6. comparing　7. Surprised 8. performed 三、完成句子 1. So/As long as we don't lose heart　2. so that/in order that they get sweet enough to be eaten　3. it may be years before　4. as if/though he knew nothing about it　5. not as/so fluently as a native speaker　6. (he was) blamed for his own mistake　7. you are no exception　8. for the good of our children 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. Some older users easily misunderstand or are c________ by incorrect information on the Internet. 2. Many of us feel g________ when we cannot spend much time accompanying our parents. 3. When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel d________ and frustrated. 4. The vase is quite fragile so we have to w________ it in soft material before we send it by post. 5. I have already f________ her for lying to me though I was really angry at first. 6. He accidentally hurt himself in the waist when he was smoothing the w________ in his shirt with an iron. 7. The chairman ________ (辞职) when he was found to have misappropriated funds. 8. The pieces on display are not grouped around any one theme, but rather represent ________ (极佳的) examples from various periods. 9. Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you're merely ________ (假装) to listen. 10. New products and production processes are transferred to the developing countries only after a ________ (大量的) amount of time has lapsed. 答案：1. cheated　2. guilty　3. disappointed　4. wrap 5. forgiven　6. wrinkles　7. resigned　8. superb 9. pretending　10. Substantial 二、翻译句子 1. 当被问到这本书时，他假装已经读过了。(状语从句的省略；pretend) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你应该为自己说这种谎感到羞耻。(be ashamed of) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 仔细检查包裹后，他撕下包装纸。(tear off) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 无论社会地位，每个人都有权得到良好的医疗。(regardless of) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我们正在开会，这时突然有人敲门。(be doing...when...) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1. When asked about the book, he pretended to have read it. 2. You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 3. After checking the package/parcel carefully, he tore off the wrapping paper. 4. Everyone has the right to (get) good medical care regardless of his social status. 5. We were having a meeting when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Everybody seems to have a unique way to learn a language, and yet we all come to the same result of speaking at most two languages fluently._____1_____ Unbelievable as it may sound,those polyglots (通晓语言者) have a good command of more than two languages, some of whom even can speak eight or more kinds of languages. You may wonder how talented they are and what their secrets are. _____2_____ The one thing they all have in common is that they just find ways to enjoy the language-learning process.They are talking about language learning as if it is great fun. You may have seen their happiness and excitement when they are showing their colorful grammar charts and their carefully handmade flash cards, and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language.____3____ But one thing is certain, they always make sure it’s something that they personally enjoy. ____4____They simply found ways how to enjoy the process, how to turn language learning from a boring school subject into a pleasant activity which you don’t mind doing every day. So if you don’t like writing words down on paper, why not type them in an app? If you don’t like listening to boring textbook material, why not find interesting content in podcasts? If you’ve also tried to learn a language and you gave up, thinking it’s too difficult or you don’t have the language talent, give it another try.____5_____ Maybe you’re also just one method away from becoming a polyglot. A. All of them use different methods. B. No wonder they can get the hang of so many languages. C. But the fact is that they simply love learning languages. D. Maybe you’re just one enjoyable method away from learning that language fluently. E. Polyglots are no geniuses and they don’t have shortcut to learning languages. F. But actually there exists another kind of language learners called polyglot. G. Don’t be afraid that you may fail in the end and just try again. 二、完形填空 I’ve been metal-detecting for 35 years. I’m as____1____now as that first time I went out and started to find what I thought was treasure, but really was just rubbish: the few odd coins and bits and pieces. As soon as I walk across that field, all my troubles ____2____. One week in April 2010, the sun was shining. Off I went down into Somerset, I had three farms all next to one another where I had____3____ to detect. I got a good____4____, so I cut a little bit of grass, flapped it back - and there was a silver Roman coin, a siliqua(一种硬币)! They don’t come up very often.I put it into my pocket, not realising that I would spend the next three hours going round___5____on that field, literally picking up silver coins. I had to work the next week, but I really wanted to try this field again. So on the way home, I thought:“I’ll pop in for a couple of hours.“ I got a signal and, at first, all I could find was this one coin and a bit of black pottery. So, I____6____ a bit more. I ended up pulling out a big chunk of yellow clay with bronze___7____ like little blue berries in a pudding. I literally shouted: “I’ve got two hoards(储藏地)!There was the scattered hoard of siliquas and what is called the Frome Hoard: 52,503 coins in a pot that___8____160 kg in total. The Treasure Valuation Committee____9____the Frome Hoard at about f360,000, a payment in____10_____ that you did the right thing and reported treasure. Now, it’s in the Museum of Somerset. They have made a fantastic ____11_____of it. The _____12_____ is still there whenever I go out, even if I have a bad day and I only find____13_____. I just think:”Hey, it’s a bad day, but I’ve been out in the fresh air. I’ve been out in the sunshine. I’ve done a bit of walking, so I’m keeping a bit____14_____ ” It doesn’t even matter if I don’t find anything. It is the adventure, the excitement, and the feeling of being connected to the____15____that keeps me coming back for more. 1. A. passionate B. pessimistic C. empathetic D. disappointed 2. A. exist B. change C. appear D. disappear 3. A. admission B. permission C. ability D. claim 4. A. try B. view C. signal D. companion 5. A. in queue B. in circles C. in crowds D. in groups 6. A. dug B. put C. pushed D. counted 7. A. vases B. coins C. clay D. pottery 8. A. measured B. weighed C. contained D. maintained 9. A. handed B. assigned C. valued D. swapped 10. A. praise B. recognition C. identification D. action 11. A. occasion B. celebration C. purchase D. display 12. A. shock B. excitement C. intelligence D. pattern 13. A. treasure B. jewelry C. rubbish D. puddings 14. A. sadder B. fatter C. slimmer D. fitter 15. A. past B. coins C. moment D. treasure 三、语法填空 Huang Yongyu, one of the most_____1_____ (produce) and best-known artists in the second half of the 20th century in China, died on Tuesday. He was 99. Huang was recognized as a legendary figure in Chinese art and design. His skillfulness_____2_____ (acknowledge) in woodcuts, ink painting, composing poems and essays and novels and designing postage stamps over the past decades. His early artistic endeavors were rooted in traditional Chinese art forms, such as woodcuts and calligraphy. However, as he grew older and gained more experience, he began to expand his skills,_____3_____(experiment) with different mediums and techniques. It was this willingness to take risks and try new things____4_____would ultimately set him apart as an artist. _____5_____made Huang a household name was his designing of several sought-after stamps, including the “Golden Monkey Stamp”, which was issued in 1980____6_____(celebrate) the Year of the Monkey, and the Year of Rabbit stamp set of two - among his last works - one of____7____showed a blue rabbit that drew____8_____(divide) opinions. ____9____ these successes, Huang never forgot his humble beginnings. He remained a passionate and dedicated artist until_____10_____very end of his life, always willing to push the boundaries of his craft and explore new artistic horizons. His contributions to the world of Chinese art and design will continue to be celebrated and remembered for generations to come. 答案：七选五：1. F 2 C 3. A 4. E 5. D 完形填空：1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 语法填空：1. productive 2. has been acknowledged 3 experimenting 4 that 5. What 6. to celebrate 7. which 8. divided 9. Despite 10. the 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said to me, “She may not be up to what we’re trying to accomplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested and found that the troubles my daughter was having were the same as those I had had. I decided to get tested as well. She was dyslexic, and so was I. By then I was a successful television writer and producer. I’d won an Emmy for “The Rockford Files.” Had I known earlier, though, that there was a reason beyond my control to explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me. I needed that praise because I was carrying around the failure in studies. I did badly in all my courses. I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, “How long did you study for this?” He said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” So what do I take from that? He must be smarter than I am. I began to ask, “What will happen to me when I’m not good at anything?” Despite my doubts, I did become successful, and people now say to me, “So you’ve overcome dyslexia.” No. You don’t overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me. Most people who go through college read at least twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right. I get that recording “The number you have reached is not in service” more than any man on earth. Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right- brain, abstract thought, and that’s what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly— I go like wind — and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is not the problem. That’s my strength. The real fear I have for dyslexic is not that they have to struggle with regular school studies, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create victories whenever they can, whether it’s music, sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, “Yeah, reading’s hard. But I have these other things I can do.” 1. According to the passage, a dyslexic person _____. A. struggles with reading at a slower pace B. has a natural talent for mathematics C. performs worse in left-brain activities D. faces discrimination in society 2. We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer _____. A. struggled and got better grades B. was grateful for not knowing of dyslexia earlier C. was praised for overcoming dyslexia D. didn’t work hard when he was young 3. According to the passage, what is the author’s major concern for dyslexic children? A. They will struggle academically and have low self-esteem. B. They will face discrimination and exclusion from society. C. They will give up on themselves before realizing their potential. D. They will not be able to find success in creative fields. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C B An open letter, attracting signatures from the likes of Tesla CEO Elon Musk and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, was released early last week. It advocates a 6-month stop to give Artificial Intelligence (AI) companies and regulators time to make safeguards to protect society from potential risks of the technology. AI has progressed at an alarming speed since the launch of ChatGPT, from the Microsoft-backed company Open AI. ChatGPT reportedly reached more than 100 million users by January, 2023, and major tech companies are racing to build generative AI into their products, which have caught many off guard. “I think many people aren’t well prepared for the pace and scale of these AI models. They are ideal for spreading misinformation, cheating people out of their money and convincing employees to click on dangerous links in emails.” says Michael Osborne, a machine leaning researcher of AI company Mind Foundry, who signed the letter. “I feel that a 6-month pause would give regulators enough time to catch up with the rapid pace of advances.” Privacy is another emerging concern, as critics worry that systems could exactly reproduce personal information from their training sets. Italy’s data protection authority prohibited ChatGPT on 31 March over concerns that Italians’ personal data are being used to train Open AI’s models. Some technologists warn of deeper security threats. Planned ChatGPT-based digital assistants that can read and write emails could offer new opportunities for hackers. Unfortunately, many problems of today’s AI models don’t have easy solutions. One tricky issue is how to make AI-generated content easy to detect. Some researchers are working on “watermarking”- creating a digital signature in the AI’s output. However, a recent research finds that tools which slightly change AI-produced text can easily defeat this approach. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates tells Reuters the proposed pause won’t “solve the challenges” ahead. He notes the people behind the letter are heavily involved in the tech world, which he thinks gives them a narrow perspective on the potential risks. 4. What is the main purpose of the open letter? A. To raise awareness about the potential risks of AI technology. B. To call for a temporary pause in AI development. C. To advocate for stricter regulations on AI companies. D. To gather support from influential figures in the tech industry. 5. What’s the impact of AI on many people, as mentioned in the second paragraph? A. It has come as a shock to many people. B. It has led to increased collaboration among tech companies. C. It has resulted in widespread acceptance of AI technology. D. It has sparked concerns about privacy protection. 6. What does the author aim to show by mentioning “watermarking” in Paragraph 5? A. It is hard to sign digitally. B. It is easy to detect AI’s output. C. It is wise to leave a watermark D. It is tough to settle AI problems. 7. What is Bill Gate’s opinion regarding the proposed pause in AI development? A. He believes it will effectively address the challenges ahead. B. He thinks the people behind the letter lack vision on the risks. C. He supports the call for stricter regulations on AI companies. D. He casts doubts on the effectiveness of the pause. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D C Scientists have discovered more than 5,000 new species living on the seabed in an untouched area of the Pacific Ocean that has been identified as a future hotspot for deep-sea mining, according to a review of the environmental surveys carried out in the area. It is the first time the previously unknown biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a mineral-rich area of the ocean floor that spans 1.7m sq miles between Hawaii and Mexico in the Pacific, has been comprehensively documented. The research will be critical to assessing the risk of extinction of the species, given contracts for deep-sea mining in the near-pristine area appear imminent. Most of the animals identified by researchers exploring the zone are new to science, and almost all are unique to the region: only six, including a carnivorous sponge and a sea cucumber, have been seen elsewhere. Contracts for mining exploration in the CCZ have been granted to 17 deep-sea mining contractors in an area covering 745,000 sq miles. The companies, which are backed by countries including Britain, the US and China, want to dig for minerals including cobalt manganese and nickel in part to sell to the alternative energy sector. To better understand the impact of mining this fragile ecosystem and its newly discovered inhabitants, an international team of scientists has built the first “CCZ checklist” by compiling all the records from expeditions to the region. Published in the journal Current Biology, it includes 5,578 different species, of which an estimated 88% to 92% had never before been seen. To study and collect specimens (样品) from the ocean floor, biologists have joined research cruises in the Pacific that send remote-controlled vehicles to traverse (穿越) the seabed 4,000 to 6,000 meters below. Adrian Glover, a deep-sea biologist at the NHM and senior author of the study described it as an “incredible privilege”. The expedition, funded through the Natural Environment Research Council and others, is backed by UK Seabed Resources (UKSR), a deep-sea mining company that operates the UK’s exploration area. The scientists watch operations by video link direct from the boat as new species are gathered by remote control vehicles in the darkness below. The seabed, Glover said, is an “amazing place” where, despite the extreme cold and dark, life thrives. “One of the characteristics of the abyssal plain is the lack of food, but life has a way of persisting down there,” he said, “It’s a mystery.” One of the deep-sea animals discovered was nicknamed the “gummy squirrel”, because of its huge tail and jelly-like appearance, he said. There are also glass sponges, some of which look like vases. With approval for deep-sea mining looming, Glover said he believed it was “imperative that we work with the companies looking to mine these resources to ensure any such activity is done in a way that limits its impact upon the natural world”. 8. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “imminent”? A. Easy to carry out. B. Ready to take place. C. Hard to cope with. D. Important to look over. 9. What is the primary focus of the research in Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ)? A. Identifying new species living on the seabed. B. Assessing the risk of extinction of species. C. Documenting the biodiversity of the area. D. Exploring the potential for deep-sea mining. 10. What is the feature of the abyssal plain mentioned by Adrian Glover? A. Abundance of food. B. Extreme lifeless environment. C. Presence of glass sponges. D. Prosperous life despite challenging conditions. 11. What’s the best title of the passage? A. A magic zone:available to mining companies B. A mineral-rich area: Clarion-Clipperton Zone C. An “amazing place”: new species booming D. Deep-sea wonders: the new species found in a Pacific mining hotspot 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. D 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是李华，下周学校将组织的为期三天的研学旅行，你发现行程( itinerary )较为宽松，决定写这写一封邮件给学校，内容包括： 1.建议增加参观当地航天博物馆； 2.至少陈述两个理由； 3.80字左右。 Dear Mr Zhao, I am a student from class 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua. 【答案】Dear Mr Zhao, I am a student from class 1. After carefully reviewing the itinerary, I believe it would be beneficial for us to include a visit to the local Aerospace Museum. Firstly, visiting the Aerospace Museum would provide us with an opportunity to learn about the history and development of the aerospace industry. Secondly, the Aerospace Museum often displays various models, replicas, and interactive exhibits related to space exploration. I hope you will consider my suggestion and adjust the itinerary accordingly. Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to your positive response. Yours, Li Hua. 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At the age of 17, I formed a band with three classmates. After we won the first prize at our school’s talent show, we decided to see if we could get some local performances. When we found out we’d gotten booked for a charitable event at a large hospital, we were excited. For two weeks, we practiced hard, getting together every day after school to sharpen our skills and learn enough songs to fill a one-hour show. On the day of the concert, we showed up early to check out the stage. We set up and did a quick sound check, then went backstage lo have a soda and rest. While we were back there, the hospital’s entertainment director came over to talk to us. “Okay, boys, I just want to fill you in on a couple of important details,” she told us. “A lot of the people in the audience are suffering from severe physical or mental disabilities. Also, many of them are very old. Don’t let that alarm you. They have very few chances to see live entertainment of any kind, so they enjoy any kind of musical talent. Just play your regular show, and you’ll do fine.” With that, she left, going to help the volunteers and staff that were assisting the patients to their seats. Soon enough, it was showtime. Everything was perfect, and we played probably the best show of our lives. We hardly missed a note on any of our songs. Unfortunately, we couldn’t enjoy our performance. As each song finished, there was a short pause. This was the time when the audience would normally applaud. Now, we were getting nothing. Zero. The deafening silence only made us more determined to win the audience over. We tried harder. Loud songs, soft songs, it made no difference. After forty-five minutes, we decided to end our set early. Why bother finishing when no one was appreciating us anyway? We unplugged (拔去) our instruments and went backstage. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A moment later, the entertainment director ran back to us. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Returning to the stage, we played our final three songs. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案 A moment later, the entertainment director ran back to us. She asked us why we didn’t finish the show as promised. We told her how embarrassed we felt when we played in front of complete silence. We also expressed our concern that they must dislike us. “What are you talking about?” asked the director, “I’ve been talking to them. They love you so much.” It turned out that they just didn’t know they were supposed to clap. Or they simply couldn’t do so due to severe physical or mental disabilities. All of us stared at her in disbelief, and we decided to keep our word and finish the show. Returning to the stage, we played our final three songs. Finally, with the show over, we began packing up our instruments. We had still received no applause. However, as we were to leave, at least fifty people crowded onto the stage. All of them wanted to thank us; some shook our hands, and some surrounded us with a wide grin. Several told us that we were the best band that had played for them in years. We couldn’t believe it. We never felt as good as we did that one special night. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $