Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语导学案聚焦选择性必修三U4-2的词汇与同位语从句，通过词汇家族梳理（如divide的名词、形容词及搭配）和语法分层讲解（定义、连接词用法、注意事项），搭建从基础词汇到复杂句式的学习支架，帮助学生衔接前后知识，构建系统的语言知识网络。 资料特色在于“词汇-语法-语用”一体化设计，随堂练习（填空、写作）与精题精练（语境化语法填空）提升语言运用能力，能力拓展训练（七选五、完形填空）培养思维品质，课后巩固任务助力自主学习，有效发展学生的语言能力、思维品质和学习能力。

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U4-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 1.division n. 分歧；分开，分割 divisive adj.  分裂的；区分的；造成不和的 divisible adj. 可分的；可分割的 divide v. （使）分开，分割 divide sth. into 把...分成 divide up 瓜分；分割 division (of sth between A and B)/division (of sth) (into sth) 分开；分隔；分配；（分出来的）部分 division (in/within sth)/(between A and B) 分歧；不和；差异 the division of labour between the sexes 男女分工 a fair division of time and resources 时间和资源的合理分配 the division of the population into age groups 把人口分成不同的年龄组 2.architect n. 建筑师；设计师 architectural adj. 建筑学的；建筑上的；符合建筑法的 architecturally adv.  建筑上地；关于建筑地 architecture n.建筑学；建筑风格；建筑式样 3.operator n. 操作人员，技工；接线员 operation n. 操作；经营；[外科] 手术；[数][计] 运算 operate vi. 运转；动手术；起作用; vt. 操作；经营 do an operation on sb. = operate on sb. 4.incident n. 事件；冲突 critical incident 关键事件；危急事件；重大事件 security incident 安全事件 incidental adj. 附带的；偶然的；容易发生的 incidentally adv.  顺便；偶然地；附带地 5.cooperation n. 合作，协作；协助，配合 a cooperation (with sb) (in doing sth)/(between A and B) 合作；协作 a report produced by the government in cooperation with the chemical industry 政府与化工行业合作提出的一份报告 cooperate vi. 合作，配合；协力 cooperate with 配合；与...合作；协同 fully cooperate 全面合作 closely cooperate 密切合作 cooperative adj. 合作的；合作社的 cooperatively adv.  合作地 cooperator n. 合作者；合作社社员 6.forecast vt.（forecast, forecast; forecasted, forecasted）预测，预报 n. 预测，预报 weather forecast 天气预报 optimistic forecast 乐观的预测 gloomy forecast 悲观的预测 make a forecast 做预测 accurately forecast 准确地预测；精确地预测 7.interrupt vt. 打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi. 打扰，插嘴 interrupt (sb/sth) (with sth) 插嘴；打扰；打岔 interrupt process 中断过程；中断处理 interrupt conversation 中断对话；打断对话 interruption n. 中断；干扰；中断之事 interrupted adj. 中断的；被打断的；不规则的 8.conservation n. 保护；保持 conservation area 保护区 energy conservation 能量守恒；节能；能源保护 water conservation 水源养护；水保存；水源涵养 environmental conservation 环境保护；环保 conserve  vt. 保存；将…做成蜜饯；使守恒 conservative adj.保守的 n. 保守派，守旧者 conservatively adv.  谨慎地；保存地；适当地 conservationist n.  自然资源保护论者 9.motion n. 提议，动议；运动；动作 to table/propose/put forward a motion 提出一项动议 to set/put sth in motion 让…动起来 Newton's laws of motion 牛顿的运动定律 motionless adj. 静止的；不运动的 motional adj. 运动的；起动的 motive n. 动机，目的；主题 10.vote vt. & vi. 投票，表决 n. 选票；投票 to vote (for/against sb/sth) 投票（赞成╱反对）；表决（支持╱不支持）；选举 to vote (on sth) 表决 to have/take a vote on an issue 就一问题进行表决 voter n. 选举人，投票人；有投票权者 11.migration n. 迁徙，迁移，移居 seasonal migration 季节性迁徙 mass migrations 大规模的迁移 migrate vi. 移动；随季节而移居；移往; vt. 使移居；使移植 migratory adj. 迁移的；流浪的 immigration n. 移居（入境）；移民人数 emigration n. 移居外国，迁移出境；移民 12.splendour (AmE splendor) n. 壮丽，雄伟 splendid adj. 壮观的；极好的 splendidly adv.  华丽地；豪华地；壮观地 13.reserve n. 自然保护区；储备 vt. 预订；预留；保留 a nature reserve n. 自然保护区 a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区 large oil and gas reserves 大量的石油和天然气贮藏量 reserve sth (for sb/sth) 预订，预约（座位、席位、房间等）；保留；贮备 reserve a room 预订房间 reservation n. 预约，预订；保留 reserved adj. 保留的，预订的；缄默的，冷淡的；包租的 14.intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的 intense competition 激烈竞争；激烈的竞争 intense pressure 强烈的压力；剧烈的压力；巨大压力 intense heat 酷热 intense interest 浓厚的兴趣 intense emotion 激情；强烈的情感；强烈情绪 intense pain 强烈的疼痛感；强烈痛苦；剧痛 intense desire 强烈的愿望 intense suffering 强烈的痛苦；极度痛苦 intensely adv.  强烈地；紧张地； 热情地 intensity n. 强度；强烈；[电子] 亮度；紧张 intension n. 强度，烈度；加强，加剧；紧张 intensify vi. / vt. 使加强，使强化；使变激烈 15.primitive adj. 简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的 primitive tribe 原始部落 primitive society 原始社会 primitive religion 原始宗教 primitively adv. 最初地；自学而成地 16.humble vt. 使感到谦卑，使感到自惭 adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 humble servant 卑微的仆人；卑职 humble origin 出身卑微 humbly adv. 谦逊地；卑贱地；低声下气地 humbling adj. 令人羞辱的 humbleness n. 谦逊；卑贱；粗鄙 【同步语法梳理】 同位语语从句 一、定义 在复合句中充当同位语的从句，叫作同位语从句。 同位语从句通常跟在名词后面，解释说明名词的内容。 There is no doubt that the assistant is fit for this job. 毫无疑问，这位助理适合这一工作。 I had no idea where their wedding was to be held. Maybe in the hotel，I think. 我不知道他们的婚礼将在哪里举行。我想也许在酒店里吧。 二、连接词的用法 1．that引导的同位语从句 that引导同位语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 I’ve come to the conclusion that it is unwise to insist on your view in the circumstances. 我得出结论，在这种情况下坚持你的观点是不明智的。 He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。 2．whether引导的同位语从句 whether引导同位语从句意为“是否”，但不充当句子成分；if不可引导同位语从句。 The users of smart watches have brought up some doubt whether their privacy will be violated. 智能手表用户对自己的隐私是否会受到侵犯提出了一些疑问。 The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research. 我们是否有足够的钱进行我们的研究，这个问题在会议上被提出来了。 3．连接代词引导的同位语从句 连接代词who，whom，what，which等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。若缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。 The question who should do the job requires considering/to be considered. 谁应该做这个工作的问题还需考虑。 I have no idea what has happened to the captain in the past several years. 我不知道在过去几年里这个船长发生了什么事。 4．连接副词引导的同位语从句 连接副词when，where，why，how等不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the matter. 我还没有回答我将如何处理这件事的问题。 The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made. 我们什么时候开始还没有决定。 三、同位语从句中应注意的问题 1．同位语从句的位置 (1)同位语从句常跟在某些抽象名词(如idea，news，fact，promise，hope，message等)后面。 The news that our volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们的排球队赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 (2)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所修饰的名词后，而被别的词隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起她可能在离开家时没把门关上。 2．某些名词(如demand，advice，suggestion，requirement等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。 They were faced with the demand that this tax (should) be abolished. 他们面对废除这种税的要求。 The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 3．同位语从句和定语从句的区别 (1)从性质上区别 定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。 I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她所有的孩子都高兴的许诺。(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语) (2)引导词that的区别 that引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。 The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 昨天我们收到了应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令。(同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮别的小组。(定语从句，修饰名词order，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以用which替换，也可以省略) 随堂语法练习 Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空 1. I have no idea the new treaty will take effect next month or not. 2. Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me the next month. 3. There is no doubt one day humans will find a cure to deal with AIDS. 4. These teachers have no idea it is like to earn one’s living in industry or commerce. 5. Word came another train station would soon be ready in our city. 6. They quarreled over the question introduced white agriculture to the Development Zone. 7. The boy had no idea he could get along well with the new classmates. 8. The question the gas is harmful to people’s health is not clear. 9. The possibility there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 10. Can you tell me the way I can improve my English? Ⅱ.单句写作 1．我们迟早要面对这样一个事实，那就是我们总有一天要离开父母独立生活。 . 2．毫无疑问，在新鲜的空气中锻炼对健康有好处。 . 3．就我们是否应该鼓励人们养宠物的问题，专家们展开了争论。 . 4．你相信“有志者事竟成”这句谚语吗？ ? 5．我们怎样才能帮助他戒烟这个问题最近一直困扰着我们。 . 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1.The Taylors decided that they would employ an 　　　　　　(architecture) to do the work.  2.While in the past we stressed aid,now we stress economic　　　　　　(cooperate).  3.I recommend him without 　　　　　　(reserve),as I believe you’ll appreciate his ability in his studies.  4.She is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean 　　　　　　(conserve).  5.　　　　　　(divide) within the party will limit its chances at the election.  6.She underwent a minor 　　　　　　(operate) on her elbow in the summer.  7.You’d better make the plants shorter,or they will 　　　　　　(interruption) the views from the house.  8.We are 　　　　　　fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power,more must be better.  9.A grasp of how 　　　　　　　　　(manage)color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.  10.With the high 　　　　　　(vote) registration,many will be voting for the first time.  二、用正确的连接词填空 1.I have no idea 　　　　　　we can do with these waste materials in the future.  2.The question 　　　　　　English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.  3.There is no possibility 　　　　　　Bob can win the first prize in the match.  4.The professor gave orders 　　　　　　the test be finished before 6 o’clock.  5.I have no doubt 　　　　　　he will win the game.  6.I have no idea 　　　　　　wine is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste.  7.There is concern 　　　　　　the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.  8.The failures have almost shaken my belief 　　　　　　nothing is impossible to a willing heart.  9.And the story poses an interesting question 　　　　　　some people are eager to buy shares in new businesses.  10.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah,but I have no idea 　　　　　　he did that; that’s one of his favorite universities.  三、短语填空 under threat, take apart, be ignorant of, in advance, call for, sum up, in turn, be impressed with 1.The first time I toured Zhangjiajie, I 　　　　　　　　　　　　its beautiful scenery.  2.The boy is badly injured and we have to give first aid and 　　　　　　　　　an ambulance.  3.It is said that many precious species are 　　　　　　　　　from human activities.  4.The child wants to 　　　　　　　　　a watch to see what makes it work.  5.The dogs serve to protect humans against pumas, which 　　　　　　　　　prevent pumas from being hunted by humans.  6.Cooperation is crucial, and we shouldn’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　the progress being made in other countries.  7.Which Chinese character would you choose to 　　　　　　　　　?  8.The visitors sat at the table reserved for them 　　　　　　　　　and started dinner.  【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 The Malaysian night market is based on a concept of open-air shopping where streel vendors (小贩) take over a designated street to set up stalls (货摊). The night market is the place where you can hang around the stalls, enjoy the smell of local foods and maybe pick up some items. Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls. ____1____There is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit. The night markets are typically from 5 p.m. till 10:30 p.m. You can get anything from night markets, be it groceries, clothing, good local food, hot snacks, household items, fresh produce, and even the latest styles. By around 6 p.m., the market is in full swing as the first groups of people sweep in. For those who cook, there is stall upon stall selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables.___2____. It is no secret that all-night markets share a common treasure — tasty street cuisine.____3____ The ever-popular soybean drink and sugarcane juice are a permanent feature here. ___4____Therefore, it is not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle. To many, they are fun and thrilling places to explore. You can even be addicted to discoveries of the antique kind which can be found in some night markets. Some places are 24-hour markets, which are livelier at night when traders set up numerous stalls selling unusual local food, exotic tropical (热带的) fruits, cheap clothes, second-hand goods as well as fresh produce. The night market is truly an exciting experience and a feast for the eyes on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive.____5____. A. Your curiosity will be satisfied here. B. There is so much to see, buy and eat. C. People would complain about the noises here. D. Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market. E. It would be a regret not to try on mouth-watering local dishes. F. New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends and market demand. G. Dried and preserved items such as dried beef and salted eggs are easily available here too. 二、完形填空 What guides my successful teaching career comes from my Dad’s tire shop. He____1____the tire business when I was in high school. I began working for him. Although I had little____2____ with things connected with motor vehicles, I____3____to learn and work hard. My main motivation was to have customers____4____him because of my work ethic (职业道德). When I was in the shop, I was____5____, not sitting around chatting with the other guys. The work was exhausting but____6____. I had to remove the tires and____7____a new one to the vehicles outside even in the hot summers. Two of my dad’s____8____were sanitation (公共卫生)companies. I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning’s collection,____9____my dad’s lot with a flat tire on the way to the rubbish dump. It was my job to____10_____underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack, often while a(an)_____11_____liquid fell on me. After a day at the tire shop, I was often_____12_____, covered in dirt._____13_____, employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment. Now, whenever I return and visit the tire shop, I_____14_____the cars and trucks I serviced, and the thousands of wheels I fixed. More importantly, I also remember the great feeling of_____15_____that accompanies honest labor, no matter where it is accomplished. 1. A. predicted B. purchased C. assessed D. abandoned 2. A. trouble B. experiment C. experience D. luck 3. A. pretended B. promised C. regretted D. resolved 4. A. get hold of B. tend to C. think well of D. get along with 5. A. engaged B. stressed C. quiet D. anxious 6. A. rewarding B. simple C. demanding D. enjoyable 7. A. deliver B. fit C. repair D. locate 8. A. friends B. partners C. regulars D. companions 9. A. pulled out of B. squeezed into C. stopped by D. pulled into 10. A. crawl B. kneel C. slide D. stretch 11. A. fragrant B. unpleasant C. thick D. colorless 12. A. worn out B. confused C. left out D. upset 13. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 14. A. describe B. recognize C. spot D. recall 15. A. curiosity B. ambition C. relief D. satisfaction 三、语法填空 Nanjing silk brocade (织棉), also called yunjin,____1____(literal) means cloud-pattern brocade because it is as beautiful as the clouds during sunset. For more than 1600 years, weavers (织工) in Nanjing, home to six famous ancient capitals of China,____2____(make) brocades in a unique way. Best-known among the ancient silk fabrics____3___(be) Nanjing yunjin, which integrates the excellent tradition of brocade in previous dynasties into the____4____(value) experience of other silk weaving processes. Yunjin has a special process, operation difficulty and technical requirements. Nanjing yunjin is a craft (手工艺) ____5____(date) back to 417 AD. In 2006, Nanjing yunjin weaving machines and skills were put on the list of the first state-level cultural heritage (遗产) with the____6____(approve) of the Chinese government. In 2009, it was selected and added____7____the UNESCO list. Yunjin was used as another calling card for Nanjing at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games,____8____all the items used were made of Nanjing silk brocade. ____9____(survive) dynasties and wars, Nanjing yunjin proves its great vitality. We hold the belief_____10_____it will be passed down from generation to generation and presented in a modernized way to the people at home and abroad. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A From a multi-day hike following the routes of a Japanese poet, to a classic climb in the Argentinian Lake District, there are thousands of incredible trails (小路) that allow us to get up close to nature. Appalachian Trail, United States Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is listed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springier Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote country in the United States. That means it’s a hard task, either for those with endless vacation allowance, or walkers looking to do a small piece of a classic route. The Basho Wayfarer, Japan This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Tohoku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage (遗产)Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path. With its beech and cherry forests, it finishes at the temple of Yamadera. Mount Toubkal, Morocco The path upwards rises from the village of Imlil, passing over a dry river bed before rising sharply through a temple and on towards a large mountain cottage. After overnight here, hikers set off up the snowfield to the peak, where the Atlas Mountains open out and the views are breathtaking. A local guide and muleteers for carrying luggage are a must. The Dingle Way, Ireland It is a ring-like path that offers the best way to get under the skin of wild County Kerry in Ireland’s south west. Starting in the town of Tralee, the clockwise path follows narrow roads, taking in the wide sweep of sand at Inch Strand, passing along the clifftops outside Dingle town and heading around the edge of Mount Brardon, the highest peak on the Dingle Peninsula. 1. What do we know about the Basho Wayfarer? A. It offers no guide service. B. It was built by a poet. C. It ends in the northern Tohoku region. D. It is on the world heritage list. 2. Where can hikers enjoy a good view of snow? A. Appalachian Trail. B. The Basho Wayfarer. C. Mount Toubkal. D. The Dingle Way. 3. What is special about the Dingle Way? A. It follows a circle path. B. It is the longest in the world. C. It finishes at Mount Brandon. D. It reaches the highest peak in Ireland. B Ke’Nyzjah Ferebee was standing by the kitchen worktop, adding cupcake liners to a pan. She used an ice cream spoon to fill each with cake batter (面糊) to ensure they would look identical. A finished group sat on the counter with white buttercream turning on top. The cupcakes were for a 2-year-old’s “Moana”-themed birthday party. The next day, she had orders for a two-tiered cake and two birthday cakes. While most teenagers are spending the summer hanging out with friends and working, Ke’Nyzjah is filling orders, updating her website and getting new branding photos. She owns and operates KayKe Bakery, a home-based business, specializing in custom cakes and cupcakes. She offers 14 flavors. She requires at least two to four weeks’ notice on orders, and she gets six to seven a week. In 2020, she started baking out of boredom and a desire for cake. She asked her mom for a solution. Mom pointed her to a box of cake mix in the cupboard. Ke’Nyzjah’s first attempt failed. But she tried making more cakes the next day. She got better. She watched hours of YouTube videos to come up with a recipe and to teach herself baking techniques. “Once I got on Instagram and started seeing other people’s decorated cakes, that’s when I got inspired to be a cake artist instead of just a baker,” she said. She took business classes such as digital marketing at her school. She also registered for a course to become a certified customer service specialist. It taught her how to talk to customers and get through a sale. She’s constantly trying to find more ways to promote her business and find new clients. “It’s a little difficult having to keep up with both my Instagram and my Facebook pages and managing school, personal life and a business. It can be a lot sometimes, but I manage.” Nakesia Fercbec, Ke’Nyzjah’s mother, felt her daughter’s father has been influential. Ke’Nyzjah gives her mother a large of the credit. “She’s like my biggest supporter. She’s made me who I am. I’ve come to realize that I am an incredible person.” 4. What was Ke’Nyzjah doing according to the first paragraph? A. Designing a themed party. B. Making cakes for business. C. Preparing for her birthday party. D. Placing an order for cakes online. 5. What can be inferred about Kayke Bakery? A. It is well received. B. It hosts parties for customers. C. It is a joint business. D. It mainly provides service for kids 6. What might be a challenge for Ke’Nyzjah? A. Attending business classes. B. Teaching herself baking techniques. C. Getting along with her clients. D. Balancing her business with schooling. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. A home-based teen baker. B. A boredom-killing bakery. C. How to become a cake artist. D. How to start a business. C There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level. Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design. The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact. In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate. Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction. 8. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage? A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings. B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs. C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably. D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability. 9. The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________. A. experience misfortune B. change one’s mind C. notice the benefits D. make a start 10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning. B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings. C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design. D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings. 11. The writer’s main purpose is to ________. A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned B. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment C. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous D. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs D At its annual general assembly in Vienna last month, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) did something unusual. The chair of its awards committee, Thomas Blunier, presented a breakdown, by gender, of prize nominees (被提名者) and nominators (提名者) since 2014. The data were revealing. Although women make up 37% of the society’s members, they made just 20% of nominations suggesting that women are less likely to nominate than men. The data also showed that people tend to favour their own gender when making nominations-with men most likely to nominate other men. This is clearly a problem, but awareness of the situation opens the door to fixing it. Although women are still under-represented in EGU nominations, their share of awards is now approaching their representation among EGU members, thanks to corrective measures taken by the organization? s awards committee. The EGU is distinct from most other scientific societies that do not make nomination data public, though it is necessary for the fairness among prizewinners. Some other efforts are under way to make prizes fairer. In mathematics, for example, the International Mathematical Union has introduced guidelines to make nominators and award-committee members aware of unconscious bias. Many prize nomination forms now include statements encouraging nominators to consider diversity. The committees that award Nobel prizes have told Nature that they are attempting to increase diversity in nominees and that the proportion of women nominated is rising. Prize-givers need to widen their nomination pools. In 2019, Nature suggested that award organizers might cast their nets wider when seeking nominations by approaching networks that include academies of science in low and middle-income countries. This is still not happening on the scale that it needs to. Sadly, these measures will not make science prizes match global diversity, at least not straight away. Many prizes are based on work carried out decades ago, when the barriers to entering science were even higher than they are today for people from under-represented groups and countries. At the very least, professional societies must ensure that their nomination pools are representatives of their communities. Greater transparency and a wider, more diverse pool of nominees increase the chance of awards rewarding excellence, rather than enlarging existing networks of fame. 12. What is the purpose of showing the data from the EGU? A. To show the gender balance among its members. B. To encourage females to nominate other females. C. To reflect that women have been ignored in awards. D. To reveal the significant impact from gender awareness. 13. What efforts have been made to promote the fairness among the prizewinners? A. Publicizing the nomination data. B. Widening the application pools by nominees. C. Introducing guidelines on increasing diversity. D. Casting the nets wider when seeking nominations. 14. What does the author hold in the last paragraph? A. Existing nomination pools are not transparent. B. Professional societies must make a difference. C. The barriers to entering science will not be higher. D. Science has kept up with the global trend of diversity. 15. Which of the following might be the best title for this text? A. European Geosciences Union: An Nontraditional Model B. Diversity in Science Prizes: Why is Progress So Slow? C. Progress in Science: Nomination Shows Justice for All D. The Way to Gender Diversity: Difficult, Delicate but Destined 写作 第一节 应用文写作 你是某国际学校学生会主席。你校准备组织一次“让文物活起来”（Bring Cultural Relics to Life）的活动，请你用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动目的； 3. 活动内容。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右。 2. 参考词汇：手工艺品artifact。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Frey grabbed his bat and glove, and raced out of the door towards the Jack’s. Summer vacation just began. The boys planned to play baseball every day, so they could make the team in the following semester. Jack was waiting outside for Frey. “What are you doing? Where’s your stuff?” Frey asked, lifting his bat onto his shoulder. Jack shook his head, “I have to clean Mr. Willow’s garage before I can go. With his broken arm, he can’t do it himself. My mom always volunteers me to help the Willows. She thinks they’re kind of old and can’t afford to hire a cleaner. To get the work done earlier, Frey offered to help. The boys went down the block to the Willow’s and got started. They found a couple of brooms. Before they swept, they put boxes scattered around the garage floor on shelves. As Jack put a big box on a shelf, it fell off and with it fell an envelope. He picked it up. It wasn’t sealed, so he opened it. Out of his surprise, there were several one hundred dollar bills inside. “You’ve got to see this. ” He pulled out the bills and showed Frey, “It just fell down when the box fell. There’s got to be several hundred dollars here.” Jack looked past Frey to the garage door and continued, “Nobody’s here. If we take some, I bet no one will ever know.” Before his voice died away, Jack had already drawn out one bill and stuffed it into his pocket. Frey frowned and shook his head, “Are you crazy? That’s stealing.” Jack ignored him and protested, “Well, I do a lot of chores for them and don’t get paid. It’s not really stealing. It’s kind of payment for my hard work. And one hundred will do for a bat and glove in I go’s Sports Stores.” With this, Jack put the rest money back. Frey was about to grab the money from Jack’s pocket when they heard a voice, “Hello, boys. Come in for a chocolate cake! Mrs. Willow made one for you.” Mr. Willow walked into the garage. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 At the sight of Mr. Willow, Jack and Frey froze in shock. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When they were about to leave, Mr. Willow handed Jack a brand new bat and glove. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U4-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 1.division n. 分歧；分开，分割 divisive adj.  分裂的；区分的；造成不和的 divisible adj. 可分的；可分割的 divide v. （使）分开，分割 divide sth. into 把...分成 divide up 瓜分；分割 division (of sth between A and B)/division (of sth) (into sth) 分开；分隔；分配；（分出来的）部分 division (in/within sth)/(between A and B) 分歧；不和；差异 the division of labour between the sexes 男女分工 a fair division of time and resources 时间和资源的合理分配 the division of the population into age groups 把人口分成不同的年龄组 2.architect n. 建筑师；设计师 architectural adj. 建筑学的；建筑上的；符合建筑法的 architecturally adv.  建筑上地；关于建筑地 architecture n.建筑学；建筑风格；建筑式样 3.operator n. 操作人员，技工；接线员 operation n. 操作；经营；[外科] 手术；[数][计] 运算 operate vi. 运转；动手术；起作用; vt. 操作；经营 do an operation on sb. = operate on sb. 4.incident n. 事件；冲突 critical incident 关键事件；危急事件；重大事件 security incident 安全事件 incidental adj. 附带的；偶然的；容易发生的 incidentally adv.  顺便；偶然地；附带地 5.cooperation n. 合作，协作；协助，配合 a cooperation (with sb) (in doing sth)/(between A and B) 合作；协作 a report produced by the government in cooperation with the chemical industry 政府与化工行业合作提出的一份报告 cooperate vi. 合作，配合；协力 cooperate with 配合；与...合作；协同 fully cooperate 全面合作 closely cooperate 密切合作 cooperative adj. 合作的；合作社的 cooperatively adv.  合作地 cooperator n. 合作者；合作社社员 6.forecast vt.（forecast, forecast; forecasted, forecasted）预测，预报 n. 预测，预报 weather forecast 天气预报 optimistic forecast 乐观的预测 gloomy forecast 悲观的预测 make a forecast 做预测 accurately forecast 准确地预测；精确地预测 7.interrupt vt. 打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi. 打扰，插嘴 interrupt (sb/sth) (with sth) 插嘴；打扰；打岔 interrupt process 中断过程；中断处理 interrupt conversation 中断对话；打断对话 interruption n. 中断；干扰；中断之事 interrupted adj. 中断的；被打断的；不规则的 8.conservation n. 保护；保持 conservation area 保护区 energy conservation 能量守恒；节能；能源保护 water conservation 水源养护；水保存；水源涵养 environmental conservation 环境保护；环保 conserve  vt. 保存；将…做成蜜饯；使守恒 conservative adj.保守的 n. 保守派，守旧者 conservatively adv.  谨慎地；保存地；适当地 conservationist n.  自然资源保护论者 9.motion n. 提议，动议；运动；动作 to table/propose/put forward a motion 提出一项动议 to set/put sth in motion 让…动起来 Newton's laws of motion 牛顿的运动定律 motionless adj. 静止的；不运动的 motional adj. 运动的；起动的 motive n. 动机，目的；主题 10.vote vt. & vi. 投票，表决 n. 选票；投票 to vote (for/against sb/sth) 投票（赞成╱反对）；表决（支持╱不支持）；选举 to vote (on sth) 表决 to have/take a vote on an issue 就一问题进行表决 voter n. 选举人，投票人；有投票权者 11.migration n. 迁徙，迁移，移居 seasonal migration 季节性迁徙 mass migrations 大规模的迁移 migrate vi. 移动；随季节而移居；移往; vt. 使移居；使移植 migratory adj. 迁移的；流浪的 immigration n. 移居（入境）；移民人数 emigration n. 移居外国，迁移出境；移民 12.splendour (AmE splendor) n. 壮丽，雄伟 splendid adj. 壮观的；极好的 splendidly adv.  华丽地；豪华地；壮观地 13.reserve n. 自然保护区；储备 vt. 预订；预留；保留 a nature reserve n. 自然保护区 a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区 large oil and gas reserves 大量的石油和天然气贮藏量 reserve sth (for sb/sth) 预订，预约（座位、席位、房间等）；保留；贮备 reserve a room 预订房间 reservation n. 预约，预订；保留 reserved adj. 保留的，预订的；缄默的，冷淡的；包租的 14.intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的 intense competition 激烈竞争；激烈的竞争 intense pressure 强烈的压力；剧烈的压力；巨大压力 intense heat 酷热 intense interest 浓厚的兴趣 intense emotion 激情；强烈的情感；强烈情绪 intense pain 强烈的疼痛感；强烈痛苦；剧痛 intense desire 强烈的愿望 intense suffering 强烈的痛苦；极度痛苦 intensely adv.  强烈地；紧张地； 热情地 intensity n. 强度；强烈；[电子] 亮度；紧张 intension n. 强度，烈度；加强，加剧；紧张 intensify vi. / vt. 使加强，使强化；使变激烈 15.primitive adj. 简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的 primitive tribe 原始部落 primitive society 原始社会 primitive religion 原始宗教 primitively adv. 最初地；自学而成地 16.humble vt. 使感到谦卑，使感到自惭 adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 humble servant 卑微的仆人；卑职 humble origin 出身卑微 humbly adv. 谦逊地；卑贱地；低声下气地 humbling adj. 令人羞辱的 humbleness n. 谦逊；卑贱；粗鄙 【同步语法梳理】 同位语语从句 一、定义 在复合句中充当同位语的从句，叫作同位语从句。 同位语从句通常跟在名词后面，解释说明名词的内容。 There is no doubt that the assistant is fit for this job. 毫无疑问，这位助理适合这一工作。 I had no idea where their wedding was to be held. Maybe in the hotel，I think. 我不知道他们的婚礼将在哪里举行。我想也许在酒店里吧。 二、连接词的用法 1．that引导的同位语从句 that引导同位语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 I’ve come to the conclusion that it is unwise to insist on your view in the circumstances. 我得出结论，在这种情况下坚持你的观点是不明智的。 He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。 2．whether引导的同位语从句 whether引导同位语从句意为“是否”，但不充当句子成分；if不可引导同位语从句。 The users of smart watches have brought up some doubt whether their privacy will be violated. 智能手表用户对自己的隐私是否会受到侵犯提出了一些疑问。 The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research. 我们是否有足够的钱进行我们的研究，这个问题在会议上被提出来了。 3．连接代词引导的同位语从句 连接代词who，whom，what，which等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。若缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。 The question who should do the job requires considering/to be considered. 谁应该做这个工作的问题还需考虑。 I have no idea what has happened to the captain in the past several years. 我不知道在过去几年里这个船长发生了什么事。 4．连接副词引导的同位语从句 连接副词when，where，why，how等不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the matter. 我还没有回答我将如何处理这件事的问题。 The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made. 我们什么时候开始还没有决定。 三、同位语从句中应注意的问题 1．同位语从句的位置 (1)同位语从句常跟在某些抽象名词(如idea，news，fact，promise，hope，message等)后面。 The news that our volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们的排球队赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 (2)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所修饰的名词后，而被别的词隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起她可能在离开家时没把门关上。 2．某些名词(如demand，advice，suggestion，requirement等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。 They were faced with the demand that this tax (should) be abolished. 他们面对废除这种税的要求。 The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 3．同位语从句和定语从句的区别 (1)从性质上区别 定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。 I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她所有的孩子都高兴的许诺。(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语) (2)引导词that的区别 that引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。 The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 昨天我们收到了应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令。(同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮别的小组。(定语从句，修饰名词order，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以用which替换，也可以省略) 随堂语法练习 Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空 1. I have no idea the new treaty will take effect next month or not. 2. Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me the next month. 3. There is no doubt one day humans will find a cure to deal with AIDS. 4. These teachers have no idea it is like to earn one’s living in industry or commerce. 5. Word came another train station would soon be ready in our city. 6. They quarreled over the question introduced white agriculture to the Development Zone. 7. The boy had no idea he could get along well with the new classmates. 8. The question the gas is harmful to people’s health is not clear. 9. The possibility there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 10. Can you tell me the way I can improve my English? 【答案】1.whether 2.that 3.that 4.what 5.that 6.who 7.how 8.whether 9.that 10.(that) Ⅱ.单句写作 1．我们迟早要面对这样一个事实，那就是我们总有一天要离开父母独立生活。 . 2．毫无疑问，在新鲜的空气中锻炼对健康有好处。 . 3．就我们是否应该鼓励人们养宠物的问题，专家们展开了争论。 . 4．你相信“有志者事竟成”这句谚语吗？ ? 5．我们怎样才能帮助他戒烟这个问题最近一直困扰着我们。 . 【答案】 1. Sooner or later，we will face the fact that we have to leave our parents and live on our own 2. There is no doubt that doing exercise in the fresh air is good for health 3. Experts argue about the matter whether we should encourage people to keep pets 4. Do you believe in the proverb that where there is a will，there is a way 5. The question how we can help him get rid of smoking has been bothering us recently 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1.The Taylors decided that they would employ an 　　　　　　(architecture) to do the work.  2.While in the past we stressed aid,now we stress economic　　　　　　(cooperate).  3.I recommend him without 　　　　　　(reserve),as I believe you’ll appreciate his ability in his studies.  4.She is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean 　　　　　　(conserve).  5.　　　　　　(divide) within the party will limit its chances at the election.  6.She underwent a minor 　　　　　　(operate) on her elbow in the summer.  7.You’d better make the plants shorter,or they will 　　　　　　(interruption) the views from the house.  8.We are 　　　　　　fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power,more must be better.  9.A grasp of how 　　　　　　　　　(manage)color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.  10.With the high 　　　　　　(vote) registration,many will be voting for the first time.  二、用正确的连接词填空 1.I have no idea 　　　　　　we can do with these waste materials in the future.  2.The question 　　　　　　English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.  3.There is no possibility 　　　　　　Bob can win the first prize in the match.  4.The professor gave orders 　　　　　　the test be finished before 6 o’clock.  5.I have no doubt 　　　　　　he will win the game.  6.I have no idea 　　　　　　wine is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste.  7.There is concern 　　　　　　the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.  8.The failures have almost shaken my belief 　　　　　　nothing is impossible to a willing heart.  9.And the story poses an interesting question 　　　　　　some people are eager to buy shares in new businesses.  10.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah,but I have no idea 　　　　　　he did that; that’s one of his favorite universities.  三、短语填空 under threat, take apart, be ignorant of, in advance, call for, sum up, in turn, be impressed with 1.The first time I toured Zhangjiajie, I 　　　　　　　　　　　　its beautiful scenery.  2.The boy is badly injured and we have to give first aid and 　　　　　　　　　an ambulance.  3.It is said that many precious species are 　　　　　　　　　from human activities.  4.The child wants to 　　　　　　　　　a watch to see what makes it work.  5.The dogs serve to protect humans against pumas, which 　　　　　　　　　prevent pumas from being hunted by humans.  6.Cooperation is crucial, and we shouldn’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　the progress being made in other countries.  7.Which Chinese character would you choose to 　　　　　　　　　?  8.The visitors sat at the table reserved for them 　　　　　　　　　and started dinner.  答案：一、1.architect　2.cooperation　3.reservation　4.conservation 5.Division　6.operation　7.interrupt　8.so　9.to manage 10.voter 二、1.what　2.whether　3.that　4.that　5.that　6.which 7.that　8.that　9.why　10.why 三、1.was impressed with　2.call for　3.under threat　4.take apart　5.in turn　6.be ignorant of　7.sum up　8.in advance 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 The Malaysian night market is based on a concept of open-air shopping where streel vendors (小贩) take over a designated street to set up stalls (货摊). The night market is the place where you can hang around the stalls, enjoy the smell of local foods and maybe pick up some items. Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls. ____1____There is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit. The night markets are typically from 5 p.m. till 10:30 p.m. You can get anything from night markets, be it groceries, clothing, good local food, hot snacks, household items, fresh produce, and even the latest styles. By around 6 p.m., the market is in full swing as the first groups of people sweep in. For those who cook, there is stall upon stall selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables.___2____. It is no secret that all-night markets share a common treasure — tasty street cuisine.____3____ The ever-popular soybean drink and sugarcane juice are a permanent feature here. ___4____Therefore, it is not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle. To many, they are fun and thrilling places to explore. You can even be addicted to discoveries of the antique kind which can be found in some night markets. Some places are 24-hour markets, which are livelier at night when traders set up numerous stalls selling unusual local food, exotic tropical (热带的) fruits, cheap clothes, second-hand goods as well as fresh produce. The night market is truly an exciting experience and a feast for the eyes on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive.____5____. A. Your curiosity will be satisfied here. B. There is so much to see, buy and eat. C. People would complain about the noises here. D. Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market. E. It would be a regret not to try on mouth-watering local dishes. F. New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends and market demand. G. Dried and preserved items such as dried beef and salted eggs are easily available here too. 二、完形填空 What guides my successful teaching career comes from my Dad’s tire shop. He____1____the tire business when I was in high school. I began working for him. Although I had little____2____ with things connected with motor vehicles, I____3____to learn and work hard. My main motivation was to have customers____4____him because of my work ethic (职业道德). When I was in the shop, I was____5____, not sitting around chatting with the other guys. The work was exhausting but____6____. I had to remove the tires and____7____a new one to the vehicles outside even in the hot summers. Two of my dad’s____8____were sanitation (公共卫生)companies. I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning’s collection,____9____my dad’s lot with a flat tire on the way to the rubbish dump. It was my job to____10_____underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack, often while a(an)_____11_____liquid fell on me. After a day at the tire shop, I was often_____12_____, covered in dirt._____13_____, employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment. Now, whenever I return and visit the tire shop, I_____14_____the cars and trucks I serviced, and the thousands of wheels I fixed. More importantly, I also remember the great feeling of_____15_____that accompanies honest labor, no matter where it is accomplished. 1. A. predicted B. purchased C. assessed D. abandoned 2. A. trouble B. experiment C. experience D. luck 3. A. pretended B. promised C. regretted D. resolved 4. A. get hold of B. tend to C. think well of D. get along with 5. A. engaged B. stressed C. quiet D. anxious 6. A. rewarding B. simple C. demanding D. enjoyable 7. A. deliver B. fit C. repair D. locate 8. A. friends B. partners C. regulars D. companions 9. A. pulled out of B. squeezed into C. stopped by D. pulled into 10. A. crawl B. kneel C. slide D. stretch 11. A. fragrant B. unpleasant C. thick D. colorless 12. A. worn out B. confused C. left out D. upset 13. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 14. A. describe B. recognize C. spot D. recall 15. A. curiosity B. ambition C. relief D. satisfaction 三、语法填空 Nanjing silk brocade (织棉), also called yunjin,____1____(literal) means cloud-pattern brocade because it is as beautiful as the clouds during sunset. For more than 1600 years, weavers (织工) in Nanjing, home to six famous ancient capitals of China,____2____(make) brocades in a unique way. Best-known among the ancient silk fabrics____3___(be) Nanjing yunjin, which integrates the excellent tradition of brocade in previous dynasties into the____4____(value) experience of other silk weaving processes. Yunjin has a special process, operation difficulty and technical requirements. Nanjing yunjin is a craft (手工艺) ____5____(date) back to 417 AD. In 2006, Nanjing yunjin weaving machines and skills were put on the list of the first state-level cultural heritage (遗产) with the____6____(approve) of the Chinese government. In 2009, it was selected and added____7____the UNESCO list. Yunjin was used as another calling card for Nanjing at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games,____8____all the items used were made of Nanjing silk brocade. ____9____(survive) dynasties and wars, Nanjing yunjin proves its great vitality. We hold the belief_____10_____it will be passed down from generation to generation and presented in a modernized way to the people at home and abroad. 答案：七选五：1. F 2. G 3. E 4. D 5. B 完形填空：1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 语法填空：1. literally 2. have made 3. is 4. valuable 5. dating 6. approval 7. to 8. where 9. Having survived 10. that 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A From a multi-day hike following the routes of a Japanese poet, to a classic climb in the Argentinian Lake District, there are thousands of incredible trails (小路) that allow us to get up close to nature. Appalachian Trail, United States Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is listed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springier Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote country in the United States. That means it’s a hard task, either for those with endless vacation allowance, or walkers looking to do a small piece of a classic route. The Basho Wayfarer, Japan This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Tohoku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage (遗产)Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path. With its beech and cherry forests, it finishes at the temple of Yamadera. Mount Toubkal, Morocco The path upwards rises from the village of Imlil, passing over a dry river bed before rising sharply through a temple and on towards a large mountain cottage. After overnight here, hikers set off up the snowfield to the peak, where the Atlas Mountains open out and the views are breathtaking. A local guide and muleteers for carrying luggage are a must. The Dingle Way, Ireland It is a ring-like path that offers the best way to get under the skin of wild County Kerry in Ireland’s south west. Starting in the town of Tralee, the clockwise path follows narrow roads, taking in the wide sweep of sand at Inch Strand, passing along the clifftops outside Dingle town and heading around the edge of Mount Brardon, the highest peak on the Dingle Peninsula. 1. What do we know about the Basho Wayfarer? A. It offers no guide service. B. It was built by a poet. C. It ends in the northern Tohoku region. D. It is on the world heritage list. 2. Where can hikers enjoy a good view of snow? A. Appalachian Trail. B. The Basho Wayfarer. C. Mount Toubkal. D. The Dingle Way. 3. What is special about the Dingle Way? A. It follows a circle path. B. It is the longest in the world. C. It finishes at Mount Brandon. D. It reaches the highest peak in Ireland. B Ke’Nyzjah Ferebee was standing by the kitchen worktop, adding cupcake liners to a pan. She used an ice cream spoon to fill each with cake batter (面糊) to ensure they would look identical. A finished group sat on the counter with white buttercream turning on top. The cupcakes were for a 2-year-old’s “Moana”-themed birthday party. The next day, she had orders for a two-tiered cake and two birthday cakes. While most teenagers are spending the summer hanging out with friends and working, Ke’Nyzjah is filling orders, updating her website and getting new branding photos. She owns and operates KayKe Bakery, a home-based business, specializing in custom cakes and cupcakes. She offers 14 flavors. She requires at least two to four weeks’ notice on orders, and she gets six to seven a week. In 2020, she started baking out of boredom and a desire for cake. She asked her mom for a solution. Mom pointed her to a box of cake mix in the cupboard. Ke’Nyzjah’s first attempt failed. But she tried making more cakes the next day. She got better. She watched hours of YouTube videos to come up with a recipe and to teach herself baking techniques. “Once I got on Instagram and started seeing other people’s decorated cakes, that’s when I got inspired to be a cake artist instead of just a baker,” she said. She took business classes such as digital marketing at her school. She also registered for a course to become a certified customer service specialist. It taught her how to talk to customers and get through a sale. She’s constantly trying to find more ways to promote her business and find new clients. “It’s a little difficult having to keep up with both my Instagram and my Facebook pages and managing school, personal life and a business. It can be a lot sometimes, but I manage.” Nakesia Fercbec, Ke’Nyzjah’s mother, felt her daughter’s father has been influential. Ke’Nyzjah gives her mother a large of the credit. “She’s like my biggest supporter. She’s made me who I am. I’ve come to realize that I am an incredible person.” 4. What was Ke’Nyzjah doing according to the first paragraph? A. Designing a themed party. B. Making cakes for business. C. Preparing for her birthday party. D. Placing an order for cakes online. 5. What can be inferred about Kayke Bakery? A. It is well received. B. It hosts parties for customers. C. It is a joint business. D. It mainly provides service for kids 6. What might be a challenge for Ke’Nyzjah? A. Attending business classes. B. Teaching herself baking techniques. C. Getting along with her clients. D. Balancing her business with schooling. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. A home-based teen baker. B. A boredom-killing bakery. C. How to become a cake artist. D. How to start a business. C There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level. Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design. The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact. In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate. Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction. 8. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage? A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings. B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs. C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably. D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability. 9. The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________. A. experience misfortune B. change one’s mind C. notice the benefits D. make a start 10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning. B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings. C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design. D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings. 11. The writer’s main purpose is to ________. A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned B. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment C. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous D. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs D At its annual general assembly in Vienna last month, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) did something unusual. The chair of its awards committee, Thomas Blunier, presented a breakdown, by gender, of prize nominees (被提名者) and nominators (提名者) since 2014. The data were revealing. Although women make up 37% of the society’s members, they made just 20% of nominations suggesting that women are less likely to nominate than men. The data also showed that people tend to favour their own gender when making nominations-with men most likely to nominate other men. This is clearly a problem, but awareness of the situation opens the door to fixing it. Although women are still under-represented in EGU nominations, their share of awards is now approaching their representation among EGU members, thanks to corrective measures taken by the organization? s awards committee. The EGU is distinct from most other scientific societies that do not make nomination data public, though it is necessary for the fairness among prizewinners. Some other efforts are under way to make prizes fairer. In mathematics, for example, the International Mathematical Union has introduced guidelines to make nominators and award-committee members aware of unconscious bias. Many prize nomination forms now include statements encouraging nominators to consider diversity. The committees that award Nobel prizes have told Nature that they are attempting to increase diversity in nominees and that the proportion of women nominated is rising. Prize-givers need to widen their nomination pools. In 2019, Nature suggested that award organizers might cast their nets wider when seeking nominations by approaching networks that include academies of science in low and middle-income countries. This is still not happening on the scale that it needs to. Sadly, these measures will not make science prizes match global diversity, at least not straight away. Many prizes are based on work carried out decades ago, when the barriers to entering science were even higher than they are today for people from under-represented groups and countries. At the very least, professional societies must ensure that their nomination pools are representatives of their communities. Greater transparency and a wider, more diverse pool of nominees increase the chance of awards rewarding excellence, rather than enlarging existing networks of fame. 12. What is the purpose of showing the data from the EGU? A. To show the gender balance among its members. B. To encourage females to nominate other females. C. To reflect that women have been ignored in awards. D. To reveal the significant impact from gender awareness. 13. What efforts have been made to promote the fairness among the prizewinners? A. Publicizing the nomination data. B. Widening the application pools by nominees. C. Introducing guidelines on increasing diversity. D. Casting the nets wider when seeking nominations. 14. What does the author hold in the last paragraph? A. Existing nomination pools are not transparent. B. Professional societies must make a difference. C. The barriers to entering science will not be higher. D. Science has kept up with the global trend of diversity. 15. Which of the following might be the best title for this text? A. European Geosciences Union: An Nontraditional Model B. Diversity in Science Prizes: Why is Progress So Slow? C. Progress in Science: Nomination Shows Justice for All D. The Way to Gender Diversity: Difficult, Delicate but Destined 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B 写作 第一节 应用文写作 你是某国际学校学生会主席。你校准备组织一次“让文物活起来”（Bring Cultural Relics to Life）的活动，请你用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动目的； 3. 活动内容。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右。 2. 参考词汇：手工艺品artifact。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】one possible version Dear teachers and fellow students, Welcome to take part in the activity called Bring Cultural Relics to Life. In order to enrich students’ school life and make us know more about our cultural relics, our school holds the activity. The activity consists of two parts. At the beginning, the headmaster will deliver a speech at the opening ceremony, making a short introduction to cultural relics. After that, some cultural relics such as artifacts, paintings and so on will be displayed, from which we can have a better understanding of our history. Hopefully, you can enjoy yourselves! Another version Dear teachers and fellow students, Welcome to our "Bringing Cultural Relics to Life" event. As president of the Student Union, I'm honored to have the opportunity to open this wonderful occasion. The purpose of this event is to encourage everyone to explore the history and culture behind the artifacts and appreciate their beauty. There will be an exhibition featuring various cultural artifacts brought by students which have been passed down through their families. Also, we will be holding a work shop where students are encouraged to create their own cultural artifacts that look like cultural relics in ancient times. Thank you for your attendance, and I wish you all a meaningful and enjoyable experience. 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Frey grabbed his bat and glove, and raced out of the door towards the Jack’s. Summer vacation just began. The boys planned to play baseball every day, so they could make the team in the following semester. Jack was waiting outside for Frey. “What are you doing? Where’s your stuff?” Frey asked, lifting his bat onto his shoulder. Jack shook his head, “I have to clean Mr. Willow’s garage before I can go. With his broken arm, he can’t do it himself. My mom always volunteers me to help the Willows. She thinks they’re kind of old and can’t afford to hire a cleaner. To get the work done earlier, Frey offered to help. The boys went down the block to the Willow’s and got started. They found a couple of brooms. Before they swept, they put boxes scattered around the garage floor on shelves. As Jack put a big box on a shelf, it fell off and with it fell an envelope. He picked it up. It wasn’t sealed, so he opened it. Out of his surprise, there were several one hundred dollar bills inside. “You’ve got to see this. ” He pulled out the bills and showed Frey, “It just fell down when the box fell. There’s got to be several hundred dollars here.” Jack looked past Frey to the garage door and continued, “Nobody’s here. If we take some, I bet no one will ever know.” Before his voice died away, Jack had already drawn out one bill and stuffed it into his pocket. Frey frowned and shook his head, “Are you crazy? That’s stealing.” Jack ignored him and protested, “Well, I do a lot of chores for them and don’t get paid. It’s not really stealing. It’s kind of payment for my hard work. And one hundred will do for a bat and glove in I go’s Sports Stores.” With this, Jack put the rest money back. Frey was about to grab the money from Jack’s pocket when they heard a voice, “Hello, boys. Come in for a chocolate cake! Mrs. Willow made one for you.” Mr. Willow walked into the garage. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 At the sight of Mr. Willow, Jack and Frey froze in shock. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When they were about to leave, Mr. Willow handed Jack a brand new bat and glove. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 At the sight of Mr. Willow, Jack and Frey froze in shock. “Ugh… sure, Mr. Willow,” said Jack, “We’ll finish up and be right in.” Mr. Willow’s kind words reminded Jack of the couple’s efforts to pay for the work he did. A surge of guilt swept over him, “How could I have that evil thought!” So the moment Mr. Willow went back to his house, Jack put the money back. The boys finished cleaning and went to the house. They had big slices of chocolate cake and two glasses of milk each. When they were about to leave, Mr. Willow handed Jack a brand new bat and glove. “This is for you. Your mom said this is something you’d like. We try to find little ways to show our appreciation for what you have done for us.” Seeing the bat and glove, Jack felt a warm blush rise to his cheeks. “Th… thanks so much. I love them!” Outside, Frey put his hand on Jack’s shoulder, “See, you not only have a clear conscience, but the bat and glove you want in Sports Stores.” 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $