专题04 阅读理解（ 议论文+新闻报道）（期末真题汇编，广东专用）高三英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 （应用文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东深圳罗湖区·期末) I have been studying the French language for three years. This field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively. But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris. I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. 1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French? A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding. 2．Why does the author emphasize feelings? A．To highlight his struggles in learning French. B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth. C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts. D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The lows are always followed by highs. B．Feeling confident should be made a norm. C．Struggles are an essential part of learning. D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs. 4．Which statement might the author probably agree with? A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness. C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown. Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东深圳宝安区·期末) First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus. But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report. There are exceptions, however. At some colleges, students may be freed from the requirement if they are, for instance, commuters (通勤生), fifth-year seniors, at least 23 years of age or legally married. Residential housing at colleges is not limited to shared rooms and bathrooms. Alternatives include flats, apartments, Greek houses or living-learning communities for students with shared interests. On-campus students also have access to services and resources such as residence life staff who can help if a housing issue arises. When students live in a community, they are forced to live with different people, learn more about themselves and about the others, and tell each other their stories. On the other hand, off-campus living provides students with more independence, as they are not constrained by school housing policies. Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus. Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with. At first glance, off-campus housing can appear less expensive. But the additional expenses outside of rent — like utilities, groceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are often overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some students choose to overpack houses or apartments, sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house. Unlike off-campus housing, the total cost of living on campus is typically all-inclusive, coveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan. 1．Why do some colleges require all the students to live on campus? A．To keep them stay longer on campus for classes. B．To make sure all students can live in shared rooms. C．To make as much profit as possible for the colleges. D．To monitor all of their students as easily as possible. 2．What should students do before living off campus? A．They should find someone to take care of them. B．They should fully develop the ability to live alone. C．They should learn all aspects of off-campus living. D．They should seek accommodation through an agent. 3．What does the underlined word “overpack” in the last paragraph mean? A．Overlook. B．Overconsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Residential Housing At Different Colleges B．Choice Between Housing On or Off Campus C．Accommodation Situation For College Students D．Different Living Experience On or Off Campus 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东执信中学·期末) In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against drinking. She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people. Even looking someone in the eyes proved to be difficult. “I was sort of like a shell of a person and just didn’t really have many life skills or self-confidence,” Deegan said. However, baking was something that always brought her joy as a child. One day while helping out in the neighborhood, Deegan picked up a handheld mixer and started baking. “My life was just out of control, but baking is such a controlled thing, where if you take the right steps and follow the directions, you’ll get a pretty exact result,” she said. Deegan started bringing her homemade baked cookies to people’s homes, which helped her reconnect with people. “Feeding people is such a universal love language,” she said. However, she was still trying to figure out how to find a career at 27 years old. She had no real work experience and she couldn’t put ‘quit drinking’ ” on her resume. Deegan’s life shifted in 2015. Encouraged by her friends, she challenged herself to see if she could sell just one pie. She sold dozens! She began baking out of her tiny apartment and eventually launched an official business in 2017. She spent four years developing a pie crust cookie recipe, which has since become the bread and butter of her business. “People have been walking, running and lining up to get cookies, and it’s just been so magical seeing that,” she said. When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don’t have any experience. After her own struggle, she realized that the desire to work was better than having a certain skill set. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. “You just have to walk through the door and be ready, willing and able and excited to show up and work and you’ve got a job,” Deegan told the reporter. 1．What was Deegan mainly struggling with in 2013? A．Emotion management. B．Interpersonal relationship. C．Work-life balance. D．Alcohol addiction. 2．What prepared Deegan for her bakery business? A．Working previously in the baking industry. B．Seeing people running to get cookies. C．Wanting desperately to gain total control. D．Offering baked food out of goodwill. 3．According to paragraph 4 and 5, what is special about Deegan and her business? A．She achieved success through baking. B．She was ambitious about her business. C．She has an open-door employment policy. D．She only hired inexperienced workers. 4．Which of the following best describes Deegan? A．Creative and smart. B．Persistent and receptive. C．Honest and optimistic. D．Kind and easy-going. Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东东莞·期末) The mushrooming video screens in buses, taxis and apartment halls in cities like Shanghai are taking away our already rare resource: a place for a moment of peace. Taking a nap or reading a book on buses is less pleasant now, as the LCD screens broadcast news, entertainment and advertisements at unbearable volumes. You pay the bus fare simply to get a ride—undisturbed—but now you are exposed to this “added value”, whether you like it or not. If it’s a crowded bus, the noise is even more exasperating. More and more Chinese cities have joined Shanghai, regarded as the first to put video screens on buses, disturbing millions of passengers. Some may like to watch programme aired on buses or in apartment halls. But those who don’t should be equally respected. Because of the bus screens, students cannot focus on reviewing their lessons or preparing for a test. People who like to read or reflect feel unsettled by the noise. Youngsters who like to listen to music on their iPods must increase the volume to fight against the competing audio. If you already feel stressed after a busy day, the bus video advertising certainly increase the tension of both your muscles and nervous system. Bus drivers are surely the worst victims because they have to bear it at least eight hours a day, non-stop. A high public tolerance for noise pollution has helped bus video advertisers to expand their businesses. But opposition has already started to make its voice heard. Some people have already accused bus companies of breaking their contracts, since their obligation is only to deliver passengers to their destinations. Shanghai, as a world-class city, should set an example for the country. It should first adopt world-class behavior in its massive public transportation system to return the public a peaceful place. 1．What does the underlined word “exasperating” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Entertaining. B．Encouraging. C．Disappointing. D．Annoying. 2．Who are influenced most heavily by the video screens according to Paragraph 3? A．Students. B．Bus drivers. C．Youngsters. D．Office employees. 3．What does the public tolerance for noise pollution cause? A．More use of public transport. B．An increase in bus video advertising. C．More complaints about bus companies. D．Lower public awareness of consumer rights. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the video screens in the public? A．Opposed. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 主题03 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 (24-25高三·广东清远清新区四校·期末) Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ago. When she told McNee how hard it could be to get students excited about math, her favourite discipline, he made a surprising suggestion: “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports?” The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School. When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be onto something.” The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools. “I was terrible at math,” says Douglas, who enrolled in a fast-track summer program. “But once I started BallMatics and realized the sport I loved was directly tied to math, it made me a lot better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking about math.” Almost any math problem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught on the court. Kids can learn how to navigate an X-Y grid to find their next shooting spot or absorb the basic principles of trigonometry based on the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high school called Uchenna Academy. At the school, kids with top basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics afterschool programs. Douglas, now 20 and earning a degree in education believes the school’s commitment to academics is the key reason it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, not athlete students.” 1．The first two paragraphs are intended to tell the readers ______. A．the origin of BallMatics B．the challenges facing BallMatics C．the start of a lifelong friendship D．the dedication of the young teachers 2．What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be onto something”? A．The students’ progress in their mathematic skills. B．The students’ changed attitude towards math. C．The data collected about the students’ goal percentage. D．The efficiency in determining the winning team. 3．What will happen to the kids who don’t do well in class according to Douglas? A．They will be forbidden to leave any training session. B．They will be obliged to earn a training degree first. C．They will have to attend classes at a private school. D．They will be banned from playing in the game. 4．The best title for the article is ______. A．The Basics of Math B．The Road to Success C．A Sports Principle D．A Numbers Game 主题04 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东揭阳·期末) The concept of a day, defined by Earth’s rotation (自转), has been the basis for timekeeping since ancient times. However, the speed of Earth’s rotation is not always the same. It slows down due to the drag of tides, leading to the addition of “leap seconds” (闰 秒) to atomic time (原子时间) to maintain synchronization, keeping atomic time matching the Earth’s rotation. In this way, our clocks match how long it takes for the Earth to make one full turn. Since 1972, we have added leap seconds 27 times. Yet, recent changes in Earth’s rotation have brought about a debate on whether we should continue this practice. In the past, Earth’s rotation was slowing, but since the 1990s, it has been speeding up, potentially requiring the removal of a leap second. This complete change has led to questions about the necessity of leap seconds, as they cause interruptions in computer and telecom operations. For instance, the addition of a leap second in 2012 caused Reddit to crash and some airline companies to experience flight delays. The debate raises the question: does it matter if there’s a noticeable difference between Earth’s rotational day and atomic time? In a digitized world, the exact length of the day might seem less important. However, some argue that maintaining the traditional day is important for various reasons, including scientific and cultural significance. The decision to continue or abandon leap seconds is complex. Some propose waiting a century before making a significant adjustment. But others suggest stopping leap-second adjustments by 2035, as voted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022. This would mean less frequent adjustments, allowing for better preparation. Ultimately, the decision on leap seconds reflects our relationship with time and the importance we place on consistency. As physicist Elizabeth says, “Time is the most important unit in the international system of units; a lot of other standards depend on it.” Whether we choose to keep leap seconds or adopt a new system, the goal is to ensure the reliability and stability of timekeeping in our increasingly interconnected world. 1．What is the most likely meaning of “synchronization” in Para.1? A．Separating from others. B．Keeping the same pace. C．Predicting time patterns. D．Making something confusing. 2．Why are Reddit and some airline companies mentioned in Para.2? A．They were trapped in computer interruptions. B．They prove the big change on Earth’s rotation. C．They suffered great damages from flight delays. D．They are examples of the impact by a leap second. 3．What is the purpose of adjusting leap seconds? A．To slow down Earth’s rotation. B．To prevent great chaos in the world. C．To protect other standards relying on time. D．To keep time measuring dependable and consistent. 4．What may be the author’s opinion on adjusting leap seconds? A．Favourable. B．Neutral. C．Subjective. D．Indifferent. Passage 2 (24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末) An Alabama woman, Towana Looney, 53, received a kidney (肾) from a genetically modified pig, becoming the third living person in America to have such a transplant (移植). In late 2016, she started dialysis (透析). Finding a human kidney for her was nearly impossible because Looney’s body rejected most transplanted kidneys. She knew researchers spent much money studying the potential uses of pig organs in humans. Then, she got connected with transplant surgeon Jayme Locke, who asked the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for permission to perform a xenotransplant — a transplant involving non-human tissues — on Looney. The FDA eventually approved the surgery under a program that allows doctors to perform experimental procedures on patients who have no other options. The prior two patients to receive gene-edited pig kidney transplants both died later-the first patient died from sudden cardiac arrest (心脏骤停) that doctors said was unrelated to the transplant, and the second needed to have her pig kidney removed after her heart medication damaged it. They were both much sicker than Looney at the time of their procedures and suffered from serious heart disease, which she did not. Doctors scheduled Looney’s procedure for November 25th, 2024. They had made ten genetic edits to the pig to increase the likelihood that Looney’s body would accept the foreign tissue. Researchers had previously tested ten-edit pig kidneys in brain-dead human patients, so they had some knowledge about how Looney’s body might react. Immediately after the surgeons sewed the pig kidney into place, it turned pink and began making urine-both good signs. Now Looney is off dialysis and her blood pressure is controlled. For the next three months, she’ll stay near the hospital so that doctors can perform daily check-ups. She’s also wearing monitors that track her blood pressure, heart rate and other bodily functions. Doctors are watching for early warning signs that her body is rejecting the organ, which is more likely in pig- to-human transplants than in human-to-human transplants. Moving forward, doctors hope to launch a formal clinical trial of ten-edit pig kidneys next year. 1．What can be learnt about the xenotransplant in America? A．It’s carried out in a restricted manner. B．It’s disapproved of by most scientists. C．It’s supported financially by the FDA． D．It’s still popular though it’s too risky. 2．What does the author want to say by mentioning the prior two patients? A．Looney’s transplant was more promising B．They were the first to use pig kidneys. C．Looney would challenge the impossible. D．Gene-edited pig kidneys need improving. 3．Why was Looney’s transplant operation successful? A．Her surgery was done in time. B．It was a one-time kidney surgery. C．Doctors made full preparations D．Advanced gene technology was applied. 4．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．Doctors have had a new surgery plan B．Looney will make a full recovery soon. C．There are potential risks after surgery. D．Ten-edit pig kidneys are unfit for humans. 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 (23-24高三上·广东·期末) People in Paris, France are growing concerned about a problem that has worried people for centuries: bedbugs, which are small, flat insects that live in beds and other places. With more and more reports of bedbugs being found, the French government is worried about the problem. Millions of people will be traveling to Paris this summer for the 2024 Olympics. France doesn’t want the country to leave a bad impression by letting its visitors get bitten by bedbugs. No one likes bedbugs, but it’s important to remember that they can be upsetting and leave itchy bites behind, but they do not spread diseases. They’ve been around for thousands of years, and even found in old Egyptian tombs. After World War II, people began using dangerous chemicals to kill them, which caused bedbugs and many other pests to become much less common. But in the past 20 or 30 years, bedbugs have become common again. For one thing, now many bedbugs aren’t affected by most of the chemicals that used to kill them. Some people think that the bedbugs that are left may be ones that the chemicals don’t work on. For another, people are traveling more these days. Bedbugs can hide in tiny spaces, including inside suitcases. When people bring their suitcases to new places, bedbugs can spread to new areas — or from those areas back home. In France, bedbugs are a long-standing problem. Jean-Michel Berenger, a scientist who studies insects in Marseille, says, “Every late summer we see a big increase in bedbugs.” That’s mainly from people returning after traveling. And now, in addition to reports of bedbugs in hotels and apartments, there’re also reports of them being found in other places: on seats at movie theaters, on long-distance trains, on the Paris subway, and at the country’s busiest airport. French officials are making sure Paris’ apartments, along with hotels and other places where tourists stay, are safe and clean. 1．Why does the French government start dealing with bedbugs? A．They are spreading diseases. B．They may affect a big event. C．They bite more and more people. D．They exist in France for too long. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The places where bedbugs often live. B．The ways that bedbugs travel globally. C．The reasons why bedbugs come back. D．The fact that bedbugs beat chemicals. 3．What’s Jean-Michel’s opinion about bedbugs? A．Bedbugs can be easily got rid of. B．The bedbug problem is getting worse and worse. C．Bedbugs live mainly in hotels and apartments. D．The number of bedbugs decreases sharply in late summer. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A local newspaper. B．A travel brochure. C．A sports magazine. D．A research report. 主题06 人与自然——环境保护 (23-24高三上·广东梅州·期末) Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups. A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the “reintroduction of species is not a priority”. The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny (详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways. Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue — although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise. A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers. Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change — it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.” “The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,” she said. 1．What does paragraph 2 want to convey? A．The situation of species in the UK is severe. B．Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority. C．Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change. D．The UK government’s response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing. 2．How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity? A．By developing strategy. B．By offering guidance. C．By expanding farming. D．By restoring habitat. 3．What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife? A．It was messy. B．It was limited. C．It was beneficial. D．It was costly. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The advantages of reintroducing wildlife. B．The responses to a government statement. C．The effects of climate change on farming. D．The approaches to increasing biodiversity. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解 （应用文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东深圳罗湖区·期末) I have been studying the French language for three years. This field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively. But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris. I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. 1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French? A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding. 2．Why does the author emphasize feelings? A．To highlight his struggles in learning French. B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth. C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts. D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The lows are always followed by highs. B．Feeling confident should be made a norm. C．Struggles are an essential part of learning. D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs. 4．Which statement might the author probably agree with? A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness. C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误与成长之间的关系，以及这些经历对个人成长的重要性。 1． 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. (我说得不流利。我听错单词。我真的不会使用复杂的语法。但我的话完全可以理解，并且达到了目的。)”以及最后一段中“These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步，故作者认为在法语中犯错是值得的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. (对犯错误的恐惧滋养了绝望，使学习者放弃。难的不是语言学习本身。难的是你在当前水平的自我认知，以及你对自己永远会是这样的悲观信念。将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。)”可知，作者强调感受是为了表明积极的思考可以推动成长，将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步；再根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长，由此可知，作者可能同意“再试一次，更好地失败”这一观点，即不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习并再次尝试。故选A。 Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东深圳宝安区·期末) First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus. But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report. There are exceptions, however. At some colleges, students may be freed from the requirement if they are, for instance, commuters (通勤生), fifth-year seniors, at least 23 years of age or legally married. Residential housing at colleges is not limited to shared rooms and bathrooms. Alternatives include flats, apartments, Greek houses or living-learning communities for students with shared interests. On-campus students also have access to services and resources such as residence life staff who can help if a housing issue arises. When students live in a community, they are forced to live with different people, learn more about themselves and about the others, and tell each other their stories. On the other hand, off-campus living provides students with more independence, as they are not constrained by school housing policies. Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus. Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with. At first glance, off-campus housing can appear less expensive. But the additional expenses outside of rent — like utilities, groceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are often overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some students choose to overpack houses or apartments, sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house. Unlike off-campus housing, the total cost of living on campus is typically all-inclusive, coveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan. 1．Why do some colleges require all the students to live on campus? A．To keep them stay longer on campus for classes. B．To make sure all students can live in shared rooms. C．To make as much profit as possible for the colleges. D．To monitor all of their students as easily as possible. 2．What should students do before living off campus? A．They should find someone to take care of them. B．They should fully develop the ability to live alone. C．They should learn all aspects of off-campus living. D．They should seek accommodation through an agent. 3．What does the underlined word “overpack” in the last paragraph mean? A．Overlook. B．Overconsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Residential Housing At Different Colleges B．Choice Between Housing On or Off Campus C．Accommodation Situation For College Students D．Different Living Experience On or Off Campus 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是大学生选择校内外住宿的优劣，并提供了选择建议，分析了校内住宿对学习的益处和校外住宿的独立生活技能需求。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report.(有些学校不提供这种选择，并要求全日制学生在校内生活四年。2021年的一份报告显示，住在校园里可以提高大一和二年级学生的留校率和出勤率。)”可知，一份报告显示，学校要求学生在校内生活能提高大一和大二学生的留效率和出勤率；由此可知，有些大学要求所有的学生都住在校园里为了让他们在上课在校园的时间更长。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus.(校外学生在支付自己的账单、为租房者找保险、自己做饭、谈判或审查合同等方面获得了更多的实际经验。)”可知，住在校外，学生要考虑支付自己的账单，找保险、自己做饭、协商或者审查合同等方面，结合下文中的“Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with.(在做决定之前，先做足功课，看看所有的成本。同时也要确保他们选择了可以一起生活的人。)”可知，作者建议选择校外居住前要做足功课，考虑所有的成本以及确保选择了可以一起生活的人；由此可知，选择校外居住前需要考虑到方方面面的问题。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“To reduce off-campus costs(为了减少校外居住的成本)”以及划线单词后的“sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house(有时四五个人住在一套两居室的房子里。)”可知，为了降低成本，有些学生选择在两室的卧房里住进四五个人，说明房子里住的人太多，由此可推断，划线单词overpack的意思应与“塞满或者挤满”意思相近。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus.(大学一年级的学生通常被期望或要求住在宿舍里。在剩下的几年里，通常由这些学生决定是住在校内还是校外。)”可知，大学一年级的学生要求住在宿舍，但在接下来的几年里有学生决定住在校内还是校外，结合下文介绍的校内居住和校外住宿的利和弊，并提供了相关的建议可知，本文主要介绍的是关于学生在校内和校外住房之间选择的讨论；由此可知，题目“校内居住还是校外居住的选择”与本文内容相符，且概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东执信中学·期末) In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against drinking. She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people. Even looking someone in the eyes proved to be difficult. “I was sort of like a shell of a person and just didn’t really have many life skills or self-confidence,” Deegan said. However, baking was something that always brought her joy as a child. One day while helping out in the neighborhood, Deegan picked up a handheld mixer and started baking. “My life was just out of control, but baking is such a controlled thing, where if you take the right steps and follow the directions, you’ll get a pretty exact result,” she said. Deegan started bringing her homemade baked cookies to people’s homes, which helped her reconnect with people. “Feeding people is such a universal love language,” she said. However, she was still trying to figure out how to find a career at 27 years old. She had no real work experience and she couldn’t put ‘quit drinking’ ” on her resume. Deegan’s life shifted in 2015. Encouraged by her friends, she challenged herself to see if she could sell just one pie. She sold dozens! She began baking out of her tiny apartment and eventually launched an official business in 2017. She spent four years developing a pie crust cookie recipe, which has since become the bread and butter of her business. “People have been walking, running and lining up to get cookies, and it’s just been so magical seeing that,” she said. When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don’t have any experience. After her own struggle, she realized that the desire to work was better than having a certain skill set. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. “You just have to walk through the door and be ready, willing and able and excited to show up and work and you’ve got a job,” Deegan told the reporter. 1．What was Deegan mainly struggling with in 2013? A．Emotion management. B．Interpersonal relationship. C．Work-life balance. D．Alcohol addiction. 2．What prepared Deegan for her bakery business? A．Working previously in the baking industry. B．Seeing people running to get cookies. C．Wanting desperately to gain total control. D．Offering baked food out of goodwill. 3．According to paragraph 4 and 5, what is special about Deegan and her business? A．She achieved success through baking. B．She was ambitious about her business. C．She has an open-door employment policy. D．She only hired inexperienced workers. 4．Which of the following best describes Deegan? A．Creative and smart. B．Persistent and receptive. C．Honest and optimistic. D．Kind and easy-going. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了戒酒后想要把控自己生活的迪根喜欢烘焙，原来给别人送自制的饼干是想和别人搞好关系，这个爱好促成了她开启烘焙事业，同时因为自身的经历，她在招募员工时很包容，不嫌弃对方是否有相关工作经历或者不光彩的过去。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against drinking. She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people. Even looking someone in the eyes proved to be difficult. “I was sort of like a shell of a person and just didn’t really have many life skills or self-confidence,” Deegan said. (2013年，迪根在与酗酒的斗争中获胜后，试图控制自己的生活。她确实戒酒了，但她很难与人重新建立联系。事实证明，与他人对视都很困难。迪根说：‘我有点像一副躯壳，真的没有很多生活技能或自信。’)”可知，2013年时候的Deegan很难与人重新建立联系，甚至都害怕与他人对视，可知，Deegan 在人际交往方面很吃力。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Deegan started bringing her homemade baked cookies to people’s homes, which helped her reconnect with people. ‘Feeding people is such a universal love language, ’ she said. (迪根开始把她自制的饼干带到人们的家里，这帮助她与人们重新建立联系。她说：‘喂饱人们是一种普世的爱的语言。’)”可知，Deegan 认为给人送食物能表达爱，所以她经常给别人送上自己做的饼干；第四段“Deegan’s life shifted in 2015. Encouraged by her friends, she challenged herself to see if she could sell just one pie. She sold dozens! She began baking out of her tiny apartment and eventually launched an official business in 2017. (迪根的生活在2015年发生了改变。在朋友们的鼓励下，她挑战自己，看能不能卖掉一个派。她卖了几十个！她开始在自己的小公寓里烘焙，并最终在2017年推出了正式业务。)”可知，也正是这种出于好意的为他人提供烘焙食品的行为，为后来Deegan 烘焙店生意奠定了基础，故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against drinking.She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people. (2013年，迪根在与酗酒的斗争中获胜后，试图控制自己的生活。她确实戒了酒，但她很难与人重新建立联系)”可知，迪根以前是一个嗜酒之人，但已戒了；最后一段中“When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don't have any experience. After her own struggle, she realized that the desire to work was better than having a certain skill set. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. You just have to walk through the door and be ready, willing and able and excited to show up and work and you’ve got a job,’ Deegan told the reporter. (迪根说，当她需要更多帮助时，她会找那些对工作充满热情的人，即使他们没有任何经验。在经历了自己的挣扎之后，她意识到工作的愿望比拥有某种技能更好。她成为了第二次机会的雇主，雇佣监狱或收容所的女性。迪根告诉记者：‘你只需要走进那扇门，做好准备，愿意、能够、兴奋地出现并工作，你就得到了一份工作。’)”可知，有酗酒史的Deegan的面包店不关注应聘者是否有相关工作经历或者不光彩的过去，故有着特别开放的用人政策（open-door employment policy），这是特别之处。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“She spent four years developing a pie crust cookie recipe, which has since become the bread and butter of her business. (她花了四年时间开发了一种派皮饼干食谱，从此成为她生意的核心和基础。)”可知，迪根很执着（Persistent），花4年时间研发一个食谱；第五段中“When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don't have anyexperience. And she became a second- chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. (迪根说，当她需要更多帮助时，她会找那些对工作充满热情的人，即使他们没有任何经验。在经历了自己的挣扎之后，她意识到工作的愿望比拥有某种技能更好。她成为了第二次机会的雇主，雇佣监狱或收容所的女性。)”可知，迪根善于接受（receptive）那些有缺点或能改过自新的人当员工。故选B项。 Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东东莞·期末) The mushrooming video screens in buses, taxis and apartment halls in cities like Shanghai are taking away our already rare resource: a place for a moment of peace. Taking a nap or reading a book on buses is less pleasant now, as the LCD screens broadcast news, entertainment and advertisements at unbearable volumes. You pay the bus fare simply to get a ride—undisturbed—but now you are exposed to this “added value”, whether you like it or not. If it’s a crowded bus, the noise is even more exasperating. More and more Chinese cities have joined Shanghai, regarded as the first to put video screens on buses, disturbing millions of passengers. Some may like to watch programme aired on buses or in apartment halls. But those who don’t should be equally respected. Because of the bus screens, students cannot focus on reviewing their lessons or preparing for a test. People who like to read or reflect feel unsettled by the noise. Youngsters who like to listen to music on their iPods must increase the volume to fight against the competing audio. If you already feel stressed after a busy day, the bus video advertising certainly increase the tension of both your muscles and nervous system. Bus drivers are surely the worst victims because they have to bear it at least eight hours a day, non-stop. A high public tolerance for noise pollution has helped bus video advertisers to expand their businesses. But opposition has already started to make its voice heard. Some people have already accused bus companies of breaking their contracts, since their obligation is only to deliver passengers to their destinations. Shanghai, as a world-class city, should set an example for the country. It should first adopt world-class behavior in its massive public transportation system to return the public a peaceful place. 1．What does the underlined word “exasperating” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Entertaining. B．Encouraging. C．Disappointing. D．Annoying. 2．Who are influenced most heavily by the video screens according to Paragraph 3? A．Students. B．Bus drivers. C．Youngsters. D．Office employees. 3．What does the public tolerance for noise pollution cause? A．More use of public transport. B．An increase in bus video advertising. C．More complaints about bus companies. D．Lower public awareness of consumer rights. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the video screens in the public? A．Opposed. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在公交车、出租车、公寓大厅里用视频屏幕播放内容这一现象，这夺走了人们寻找片刻安宁的机会。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词前句“You pay the bus fare simply to get a ride—undisturbed—but now you are exposed to this ‘added value’, whether you like it or not.(你支付公交车费用只是为了乘车——不受干扰——但现在你暴露在这种‘附加值’中，无论你喜欢与否。)”可知，乘客乘坐公交车是为了不受干扰地乘车，但视频屏幕播放内容会打扰乘客享受安宁，再结合画线词所在句中的“a crowded bus”和“the noise”可推知，在拥挤的公交车中，播放视频的噪音会更加让人生气。exasperating意为“惹人生气的”，与annoying意思最接近。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Bus drivers are surely the worst victims because they have to bear it at least eight hours a day, non-stop.(公交车司机肯定是最严重的受害者，因为他们每天至少要忍受八个小时的不间断工作。)”可知，公交车司机受视频屏幕的影响最严重。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A high public tolerance for noise pollution has helped bus video advertisers to expand their businesses.(公众对噪音污染的高度容忍度帮助公交车视频广告商扩大了业务。)”可知，公众对噪音污染的高度容忍度促使公交车视频广告业务扩大。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The mushrooming video screens in buses, taxis and apartment halls in cities like Shanghai are taking away our already rare resource: a place for a moment of peace.(在上海这样的城市，公交车、出租车和公寓大厅里如雨后春笋般涌现的视频屏幕正在夺走我们本已稀缺的资源：一个片刻安宁的地方。)”和最后一段中的“It should first adopt world-class behavior in its massive public transportation system to return the public a peaceful place.(它应该率先在其庞大的公共交通系统中采用世界级的行为，让公众回到一个安宁的地方。)”可知，作者认为公共场所的视频屏幕夺走了人们寻找片刻安宁的机会，应该让人们回到享受安宁的状态，由此可推测出，作者对公共场所的视频屏幕持反对态度。故选A。 主题03 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 (24-25高三·广东清远清新区四校·期末) Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ago. When she told McNee how hard it could be to get students excited about math, her favourite discipline, he made a surprising suggestion: “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports?” The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School. When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be onto something.” The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools. “I was terrible at math,” says Douglas, who enrolled in a fast-track summer program. “But once I started BallMatics and realized the sport I loved was directly tied to math, it made me a lot better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking about math.” Almost any math problem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught on the court. Kids can learn how to navigate an X-Y grid to find their next shooting spot or absorb the basic principles of trigonometry based on the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high school called Uchenna Academy. At the school, kids with top basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics afterschool programs. Douglas, now 20 and earning a degree in education believes the school’s commitment to academics is the key reason it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, not athlete students.” 1．The first two paragraphs are intended to tell the readers ______. A．the origin of BallMatics B．the challenges facing BallMatics C．the start of a lifelong friendship D．the dedication of the young teachers 2．What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be onto something”? A．The students’ progress in their mathematic skills. B．The students’ changed attitude towards math. C．The data collected about the students’ goal percentage. D．The efficiency in determining the winning team. 3．What will happen to the kids who don’t do well in class according to Douglas? A．They will be forbidden to leave any training session. B．They will be obliged to earn a training degree first. C．They will have to attend classes at a private school. D．They will be banned from playing in the game. 4．The best title for the article is ______. A．The Basics of Math B．The Road to Success C．A Sports Principle D．A Numbers Game 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，创立了BallMatics课程，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力，并介绍了该课程的发展历程和影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School.(将篮球和数学相结合的想法在 2011 年首次得到尝试，当时这两位如今的同事——他们已经创办了一个非营利性的辅导机构——受邀为在乔治中学九年级数学不及格的孩子们举办一个暑期学校项目)”以及第二段中“When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math.(当学生们第一天出现时，他们并不兴奋。在接下来的几个小时里，Mandekic和McNee给孩子们传授了提高投篮水平的技巧，同时也帮助他们计算了投篮命中率——这反过来又教会了他们分数和小数。游戏结束时，根据哪一组的总百分比最高并做了最有效的数学计算来决定获胜的队伍)”可知，前两段主要介绍了BallMatics课程的起源，它源于2011 年Mandekic和McNee的一次暑期教学尝试。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited.(当学生们第一天来的时候，他们并不怎么兴奋)”和“‘When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,’ says Mandekic. ‘I realized we might be onto something.’(‘当铃声响起时，他们全神贯注于收集数据和计算哪支球队获胜，以至于他们都没有离开，’Mandekic说。‘我意识到我们可能找到了某种方法。’)”可知，是学生们对数学态度的改变让Mandekic和McNee意识到他们“可能找到了某种方法(might be onto something)”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,’ he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class.(‘如果我们不做作业，我们就不能参加比赛，’他说，并补充说教练会让跟不上课堂的孩子坐冷板凳)”可知，根据Douglas的说法，在课堂上表现不好的孩子将被禁止参加比赛。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011(将篮球和数学结合起来的想法在2011年首次得到尝试)”以及后文关于BallMatics课程的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力。D项“A Numbers Game (数字比赛)”既体现了文章中的数学元素，又暗示了篮球比赛中的计分和数据分析，与文章主题紧密相关，是最佳标题。故选D项。 主题04 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东揭阳·期末) The concept of a day, defined by Earth’s rotation (自转), has been the basis for timekeeping since ancient times. However, the speed of Earth’s rotation is not always the same. It slows down due to the drag of tides, leading to the addition of “leap seconds” (闰 秒) to atomic time (原子时间) to maintain synchronization, keeping atomic time matching the Earth’s rotation. In this way, our clocks match how long it takes for the Earth to make one full turn. Since 1972, we have added leap seconds 27 times. Yet, recent changes in Earth’s rotation have brought about a debate on whether we should continue this practice. In the past, Earth’s rotation was slowing, but since the 1990s, it has been speeding up, potentially requiring the removal of a leap second. This complete change has led to questions about the necessity of leap seconds, as they cause interruptions in computer and telecom operations. For instance, the addition of a leap second in 2012 caused Reddit to crash and some airline companies to experience flight delays. The debate raises the question: does it matter if there’s a noticeable difference between Earth’s rotational day and atomic time? In a digitized world, the exact length of the day might seem less important. However, some argue that maintaining the traditional day is important for various reasons, including scientific and cultural significance. The decision to continue or abandon leap seconds is complex. Some propose waiting a century before making a significant adjustment. But others suggest stopping leap-second adjustments by 2035, as voted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022. This would mean less frequent adjustments, allowing for better preparation. Ultimately, the decision on leap seconds reflects our relationship with time and the importance we place on consistency. As physicist Elizabeth says, “Time is the most important unit in the international system of units; a lot of other standards depend on it.” Whether we choose to keep leap seconds or adopt a new system, the goal is to ensure the reliability and stability of timekeeping in our increasingly interconnected world. 1．What is the most likely meaning of “synchronization” in Para.1? A．Separating from others. B．Keeping the same pace. C．Predicting time patterns. D．Making something confusing. 2．Why are Reddit and some airline companies mentioned in Para.2? A．They were trapped in computer interruptions. B．They prove the big change on Earth’s rotation. C．They suffered great damages from flight delays. D．They are examples of the impact by a leap second. 3．What is the purpose of adjusting leap seconds? A．To slow down Earth’s rotation. B．To prevent great chaos in the world. C．To protect other standards relying on time. D．To keep time measuring dependable and consistent. 4．What may be the author’s opinion on adjusting leap seconds? A．Favourable. B．Neutral. C．Subjective. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【难度】1.65 【来源】广东省揭阳市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题 【知识点】新闻报道、科普知识 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述的是关于地球自转日与原子时间之间关系及其引发的闰秒调整争议。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词后文“keeping atomic time matching the Earth’s rotation(使原子时间与地球自转保持一致)”并结合前文可知，划线词所在句子表示“由于潮汐的拖拽作用，地球自转速度会减慢，这导致需要在原子时间中增加“闰秒”以保持同步，使原子时间与地球自转保持一致”，划线词的意思是“同步”，和“Keeping the same pace(保持同样的速度)”意思相近。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the past, Earth’s rotation was slowing, but since the 1990s, it has been speeding up, potentially requiring the removal of a leap second. This complete change has led to questions about the necessity of leap seconds, as they cause interruptions in computer and telecom operations.(在过去，地球的自转是缓慢的，但自20世纪90年代以来，它一直在加速，这可能需要消除闰秒。这种彻底的改变引发了人们对闰秒必要性的质疑，因为闰秒会导致计算机和电信业务中断。)”可知，在第2段中提到了Reddit和一些航空公司是因为它们都是闰秒影响的例子。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether we choose to keep leap seconds or adopt a new system, the goal is to ensure the reliability and stability of timekeeping in our increasingly interconnected world.(无论我们选择保留闰秒还是采用新的系统，目标都是在我们这个日益相互联系的世界中确保计时的可靠性和稳定性。)”可知，调整闰秒的目的是保持时间测量的可靠性和一致性。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“However, some argue that maintaining the traditional day is important for various reasons, including scientific and cultural significance.(然而，一些人认为，出于各种原因，包括科学和文化意义，保持传统的日子很重要。)”和倒数第二段“Some propose waiting a century before making a significant adjustment. But others suggest stopping leap-second adjustments by 2035, as voted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022.(一些人建议在一个世纪后再进行重大调整。但另一些人则建议根据2022年国际计量大会的投票结果，在2035年前停止闰秒调整。)”可知，作者客观地介绍了关于闰秒调整的讨论和争议，因此可以认为作者的态度是中立的。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末) An Alabama woman, Towana Looney, 53, received a kidney (肾) from a genetically modified pig, becoming the third living person in America to have such a transplant (移植). In late 2016, she started dialysis (透析). Finding a human kidney for her was nearly impossible because Looney’s body rejected most transplanted kidneys. She knew researchers spent much money studying the potential uses of pig organs in humans. Then, she got connected with transplant surgeon Jayme Locke, who asked the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for permission to perform a xenotransplant — a transplant involving non-human tissues — on Looney. The FDA eventually approved the surgery under a program that allows doctors to perform experimental procedures on patients who have no other options. The prior two patients to receive gene-edited pig kidney transplants both died later-the first patient died from sudden cardiac arrest (心脏骤停) that doctors said was unrelated to the transplant, and the second needed to have her pig kidney removed after her heart medication damaged it. They were both much sicker than Looney at the time of their procedures and suffered from serious heart disease, which she did not. Doctors scheduled Looney’s procedure for November 25th, 2024. They had made ten genetic edits to the pig to increase the likelihood that Looney’s body would accept the foreign tissue. Researchers had previously tested ten-edit pig kidneys in brain-dead human patients, so they had some knowledge about how Looney’s body might react. Immediately after the surgeons sewed the pig kidney into place, it turned pink and began making urine-both good signs. Now Looney is off dialysis and her blood pressure is controlled. For the next three months, she’ll stay near the hospital so that doctors can perform daily check-ups. She’s also wearing monitors that track her blood pressure, heart rate and other bodily functions. Doctors are watching for early warning signs that her body is rejecting the organ, which is more likely in pig- to-human transplants than in human-to-human transplants. Moving forward, doctors hope to launch a formal clinical trial of ten-edit pig kidneys next year. 1．What can be learnt about the xenotransplant in America? A．It’s carried out in a restricted manner. B．It’s disapproved of by most scientists. C．It’s supported financially by the FDA． D．It’s still popular though it’s too risky. 2．What does the author want to say by mentioning the prior two patients? A．Looney’s transplant was more promising B．They were the first to use pig kidneys. C．Looney would challenge the impossible. D．Gene-edited pig kidneys need improving. 3．Why was Looney’s transplant operation successful? A．Her surgery was done in time. B．It was a one-time kidney surgery. C．Doctors made full preparations D．Advanced gene technology was applied. 4．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．Doctors have had a new surgery plan B．Looney will make a full recovery soon. C．There are potential risks after surgery. D．Ten-edit pig kidneys are unfit for humans. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【难度】1.65 【来源】广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末联考英语试题 【知识点】医疗 、新闻报道 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。2024年11月25日，53岁的Towana Looney成为美国第三位在世的接受实验性猪肾的人。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The FDA eventually approved the surgery under a program that allows doctors to perform experimental procedures on patients who have no other options.(美国食品和药物管理局最终批准了这项手术，该计划允许医生在没有其他选择的病人身上进行实验性手术)”可知，美国食品药品监督管理局是在一个特定项目下批准了这种手术，即允许医生在患者别无他选的情况下进行实验性操作，即，异种移植是在受限的方式下开展的。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The prior two patients to receive gene-edited pig kidney transplants both died later-the first patient died from sudden cardiac arrest (心脏骤停) that doctors said was unrelated to the transplant, and the second needed to have her pig kidney removed after her heart medication damaged it. They were both much sicker than Looney at the time of their procedures and suffered from serious heart disease, which she did not.(前两名接受基因编辑的猪肾移植的患者后来都去世了——第一个患者死于心脏骤停，医生说这与移植无关，第二个患者在心脏药物损伤后需要切除她的猪肾。在接受手术时，他们的病情都比鲁尼严重得多，并且患有严重的心脏病，而鲁尼却没有)”可推知，提起前两位病人是为了说明Looney的手术成功更有希望。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“They had made ten genetic edits to the pig to increase the likelihood that Looney’s body would accept the foreign tissue.(他们对这只猪进行了10次基因编辑，以增加鲁尼的身体接受外来组织的可能性)”可知，这次移植对猪肾进行了十项基因编辑，运用了新的基因技术，这是其手术成功的原因。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now Looney is off dialysis and her blood pressure is controlled. For the next three months, she’ll stay near the hospital so that doctors can perform daily check-ups. She’s also wearing monitors that track her blood pressure, heart rate and other bodily functions. Doctors are watching for early warning signs that her body is rejecting the organ, which is more likely in pig- to-human transplants than in human-to-human transplants.(现在鲁尼停止了透析，她的血压得到了控制。在接下来的三个月里，她将待在医院附近，以便医生进行日常检查。她还戴着监测血压、心率和其他身体机能的监测器。医生们正在观察她的身体是否有排斥器官的早期预警信号，这种情况在猪对人的移植中比在人对人的移植中更有可能发生)”可知，Looney现在虽不用透析、血压得到了控制，但仍要留在医院附近接受每日检查，还戴着监测设备，医生也在留意其身体排斥器官的早期预警信号。由此可推知，手术后是存在潜在风险的。故选C。 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 (23-24高三上·广东·期末) People in Paris, France are growing concerned about a problem that has worried people for centuries: bedbugs, which are small, flat insects that live in beds and other places. With more and more reports of bedbugs being found, the French government is worried about the problem. Millions of people will be traveling to Paris this summer for the 2024 Olympics. France doesn’t want the country to leave a bad impression by letting its visitors get bitten by bedbugs. No one likes bedbugs, but it’s important to remember that they can be upsetting and leave itchy bites behind, but they do not spread diseases. They’ve been around for thousands of years, and even found in old Egyptian tombs. After World War II, people began using dangerous chemicals to kill them, which caused bedbugs and many other pests to become much less common. But in the past 20 or 30 years, bedbugs have become common again. For one thing, now many bedbugs aren’t affected by most of the chemicals that used to kill them. Some people think that the bedbugs that are left may be ones that the chemicals don’t work on. For another, people are traveling more these days. Bedbugs can hide in tiny spaces, including inside suitcases. When people bring their suitcases to new places, bedbugs can spread to new areas — or from those areas back home. In France, bedbugs are a long-standing problem. Jean-Michel Berenger, a scientist who studies insects in Marseille, says, “Every late summer we see a big increase in bedbugs.” That’s mainly from people returning after traveling. And now, in addition to reports of bedbugs in hotels and apartments, there’re also reports of them being found in other places: on seats at movie theaters, on long-distance trains, on the Paris subway, and at the country’s busiest airport. French officials are making sure Paris’ apartments, along with hotels and other places where tourists stay, are safe and clean. 1．Why does the French government start dealing with bedbugs? A．They are spreading diseases. B．They may affect a big event. C．They bite more and more people. D．They exist in France for too long. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The places where bedbugs often live. B．The ways that bedbugs travel globally. C．The reasons why bedbugs come back. D．The fact that bedbugs beat chemicals. 3．What’s Jean-Michel’s opinion about bedbugs? A．Bedbugs can be easily got rid of. B．The bedbug problem is getting worse and worse. C．Bedbugs live mainly in hotels and apartments. D．The number of bedbugs decreases sharply in late summer. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A local newspaper. B．A travel brochure. C．A sports magazine. D．A research report. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。法国巴黎越来越关注困扰了人们几个世纪的臭虫问题。随着越来越多关于臭虫的报道，官员们开始考虑如何在2024年夏天巴黎举办奥运会之前解决臭虫的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“With more and more reports of bedbugs being found, the French government is worried about the problem. Millions of people will be traveling to Paris this summer for the 2024 Olympics. France doesn’t want the country to leave a bad impression by letting its visitors get bitten by bedbugs. (随着越来越多的臭虫报告被发现，法国政府对这个问题感到担忧。今年夏天将有数百万人前往巴黎参加2024年奥运会。法国不想让游客被臭虫叮咬，给这个国家留下不好的印象。)”可知，法国政府开始处理臭虫是害怕它们会在奥运会期间叮咬游客，而导致给法国留下不好的印象，即它们会影响一个重大事情。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But in the past 20 or 30 years, bedbugs have become common again. For one thing, now many bedbugs aren’t affected by most of the chemicals that used to kill them. Some people think that the bedbugs that are left may be ones that the chemicals don’t work on. For another, people are traveling more these days. Bedbugs can hide in tiny spaces, including inside suitcases. When people bring their suitcases to new places, bedbugs can spread to new areas-or from those areas back home. (但在过去的二三十年里，臭虫再次变得普遍起来。首先，现在许多臭虫没有受到大多数用来杀死它们的化学物质的影响。有些人认为剩下的臭虫可能是化学物质不起作用的。另一方面，人们现在旅行的次数越来越多。臭虫可以躲在狭小的空间里，包括行李箱里。当人们把行李箱带到新的地方时，臭虫会传播到新的地区或从这些地区传播回家。)”可知，这一段主要介绍臭虫再次变得普遍起来的原因。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Jean-Michel Berenger, a scientist who studies insects in Marseille, says, “Every late summer we see a big increase in bedbugs.”(马赛研究昆虫的科学家Jean-Michel Berenger说：“每年夏末，我们都会看到臭虫的大量增加。”)”可知，在Jean-Michel Berenger看来，臭虫问题正在变得越来越糟糕。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“People in Paris, France are growing concerned about a problem that has worried people for centuries: bedbugs, which are small, flat insects that live in beds and other places. (法国巴黎的人们越来越担心一个困扰人们几个世纪的问题：臭虫，一种生活在床上和其他地方的小而扁平的昆虫。)”和第二段“With more and more reports of bedbugs being found, the French government is worried about the problem.( 随着越来越多的臭虫报告被发现，法国政府对这个问题感到担忧。)”可知，这篇文章应该是选自于法国巴黎当地的报纸报道。故选A。 主题06 人与自然——环境保护 (23-24高三上·广东梅州·期末) Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups. A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the “reintroduction of species is not a priority”. The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny (详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways. Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue — although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise. A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers. Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change — it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.” “The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,” she said. 1．What does paragraph 2 want to convey? A．The situation of species in the UK is severe. B．Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority. C．Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change. D．The UK government’s response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing. 2．How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity? A．By developing strategy. B．By offering guidance. C．By expanding farming. D．By restoring habitat. 3．What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife? A．It was messy. B．It was limited. C．It was beneficial. D．It was costly. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The advantages of reintroducing wildlife. B．The responses to a government statement. C．The effects of climate change on farming. D．The approaches to increasing biodiversity. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国政府发出一份声明，认为将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急，而是希望通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性，该声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. (最近的一份报告显示，英国有六分之一的物种面临灭绝的危险。今年9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量显著减少。近年来，慈善机构重新引入了动物和植物，作为恢复该国减少的生物多样性的努力的一部分)”可知，本段主要介绍了英国物种多样性的现状，一部分物种面临灭绝的危险，物种数量显著减少，很多机构在努力恢复物种多样性。由此可知，本段想表示英国的物种状况很严峻。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. (政府表示，其重点是通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性)”可知，英国政府的计划是恢复栖息地。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Joan Edwards所说的话“Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change (重新引入野生动物必须成为英国政府应对自然丧失和气候变化的武器之一)”和最后一段中她所说的话“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages (野生河狸的回归可以帮助重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁效应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。河狸还减缓了水流，这可以减少城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”可知，Joan Edwards认为重新引入野生动物可以帮助政府应对自然丧失和气候变化，并说明野生河狸的回归对湿地、其他野生动物和应对洪水的帮助。由此可知。她认为这样做是有好处的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups. (面对野生动物组织的批评，英国政府周五表示，将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急)”可知，文章围绕最近英国政府发出的一份有关重新引入野生动物的声明展开，这份声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。因此，B项“对一份政府声明的回应”概括了文章的主旨大意。故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $