专题01 名词(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

2025-11-25
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资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 名词
使用场景 中考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.04 MB
发布时间 2025-11-25
更新时间 2025-12-11
作者 青之龙
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2025-11-25
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55114919.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语讲义聚焦名词专题,覆盖分类、数与格、易混辨析等中考核心考点,以“目标导图-考点深解-命题突破-重难攻坚-练测提能”系统架构梳理知识联系,通过考点梳理结合规则口诀、真题训练针对语法选择等题型,帮助学生突破难点,体现复习教学的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“考点-方法-训练”三维联动,如不可数名词量化用“a piece of advice”实例,名词作定语通过“women heroes”对比培养思维品质,分层练习设基础到挑战题组。结合语言能力和学习能力培养,通过易混词辨析表格提升理解与表达,助力学生高效掌握考点,教师可依此把控节奏,实现精准复习。

内容正文:

专题01 名词 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 名词的分类 考点2 名词的数和格 考点3 易混名词辨析 命题突破 突破1 语法选择/单项填空中的名词考查 突破2 词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查 突破3 完形填空的名词考查 重难攻坚 攻坚1 不可数名词的量化 攻坚2 既可数又不可数名词 攻坚3 名词作定语 练测提能 ◇考点 1 名词分类 一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物(人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名)。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如:Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang 地名:Europe,New York,People’s Square 节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday 注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如: Rose罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花 China中国——china陶瓷或中国(不特指) 2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如:pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 用量词来计数不可数名词: A glass of water 易|错|提|醒 区分单词可数不可数 可数名词:像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。 不可数名词:物质名词或抽象名词。(液体,空气,粉末状) 常见的不可数名词:bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。 ◇考点 2 名词的数与格 一.可数名词的数 可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1单数变复数的规则变化 一般情况直接加-s map/maps, Indian/Indians, book/books, pencil/pencils 以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词加-es brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes 以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es story/stories, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days 以f,fe 结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-es half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives 以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes, Negro/Negroes 表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-s radio/radios, piano/pianos, photo/photos, zoo/zoos 注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes 易|错|提|醒 元音字母o结尾的名词变复数 小贴士: 名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。例如: hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes 以f,fe结尾的名词变复数 以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆: 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives 2.不规则变化: 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese 词尾加-ren child/children 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 易|错|提|醒 1.man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。 2.有些名词单数与复数形式相同 单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如: Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep 3.有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词) 世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如: Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。 二.不可数名词 物质 名词 食物 bread, meat, rice, food, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken... 饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee... 自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood... 抽象 名词 情感、概念 peace, love, friendship, joy, happiness, time, news, population, knowledge... 学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history... 国家、城市 等专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney... 一般没有复数形式(用is),说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词,不用不定关系a/an修饰。 如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。 如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, 易|错|提|醒 常见的不可数名词 water水,milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;powder粉,rice米饭,salt 盐,food食物,fruit水果,chocolate 巧克力,fish鱼肉,meat 肉,bread面包,paper 纸,exercise 锻炼,information 信息,news 新闻,homework 作业,hair 头发,population人口,money 钱,advice 建议 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词 名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词 fish 表示条数,单数复数形式相同 意为“鱼肉” 表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es glass “玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜” 意为“玻璃” orange 意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s 意为“橙汁;橙色” room 意为“房间”,复数加-s 意为“余地;地方;空间” paper 意为“文件;试卷; 报纸”,复数加-s 意为“纸” work 意为“著作”,复数加-s 意为“工作” chicken 意为“小鸡”,复数加-s 意为“鸡肉” light 意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s 意为“光线” 三、名词所有格 名词所有格的构成 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 易|错|提|醒 1.'s不全是名词所有格 It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。) My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。) 2. ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) 3.两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) 4.“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) ◇考点 3 易混名词辨析 1.act, action和activity 单词 意义 辨析 act 行为,行动 通常指单一的、个人的、具体的行为 action 行动,措施 通常指时间较长的持续动作和行为,多用于词组: take action (to do sth.) activity 活动 指人们从事的活动、工作等,多用于组: do (different) activities 2.advice和suggestion 单词 意义 辨析 advice 建议, 劝告 不可数名词,表示数量时需借助表示单位的名词piece。搭配: a piece of advice; take advice suggestion 建议 可数名词,搭配: make a suggestion 3.cause, reason和excuse 单词 意义 辨析 cause 原因,起因,理由 造成一种事实或现象的“原因,起因”,后通常接介词of reason 原因,起因,解释 指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释,后通常接介词for excuse 借口,理由 指为自己的行为所做的辩解 4.feeling和sense 单词 意义 辨析 feeling 感觉,感情 泛指一般的情绪,如“喜怒哀乐”,还可指对某人(物)的“态度,看法”,也可指“感受力,鉴赏力” sense 感觉,观念,意识 多指身体上五官的感觉;还可指“观念,见识” 5.information, news和message 单词 意义 辨析 information 消息,信息,情报 指任何信息,是不可数名词 news 新闻,消息,新情况 指公众感兴趣的最新事件,是不可数名词 message 消息,音信,口信 指口头、书面、电台、电视传送的“口信、消息”等,是可数名词 6.job, work和task 单词 意义 辨析 job 工作,职业 指一项具体的工作,是可数名词 work 工作,作品 指“工作,劳动”时,是不可数名词;指“作品,著作”时,是可数名词 task 任务,工作 指分配的工作,或自愿承担的艰巨的工作 7.noise, sound和voice 单词 意义 辨析 noise 噪音,吵闹声 指不悦耳的嘈杂声 sound 声音,响声 泛指自然界的一切声音 voice 嗓音,说话声 指人说话时的嗓音 8.problem和question 单词 意义 辨析 problem 问题,难题,困难 一般指社会问题,这种问题是“有待解决的”,通常与solve, work out搭配 question 问题,疑问 一般是“有待问与答的”问题,常与ask, answer连用 1.There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 2.More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture. A.Germans B.German C.Germany D.Germans’ 3.She gave me ________ on how to improve my English speaking skills. A.plenty of advice B.plenty of advices C.a plenty advice D.plenties advice 4.Come on, boys and girls. Help yourselves to some ________ if you like. A.fish and chicken B.fishes and chicken C.fish and chickens D.fishes and chickens 5.—Do you do eye ________ every day at school? —Yes. And we also do morning ________ to build up our body. A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercise C.exercise: exercises D.exercises; exercises 6.These books will be printed ________. A.in two week’s time B.in two weeks’ time C.for two-weeks time D.for two-week time 7.—Do you know Jack? —Yeah, he’s a friend of ________. A.I B.my C.mine D.myself 8.Mr. Ma is a friend of ________. A.my father’s B.my father C.my father’ D.mine father’s 9.—Tim, we are going to play table tennis against BIG this Friday. —Don’t worry. When brothers are of the same ________, we can cut through gold. A.weight B.habit C.mind D.heart 10.As we know, true ________ never give up when they face challenges. They always try their best to solve problems. A.guards B.heroes C.strangers D.bosses ◇突破 1 单项填空中的名词考查 典例1(25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考)The artist said that his favorite ________ is a brush, which helps him paint wonderful landscapes on the canvas (画布). A.instrument B.development C.advertisement D.improvement 变式1—The new coffee shop near our school is really popular. Do you know why? —Their ________ is excellent. The staff are always friendly and quick. A.service B.secret C.support D.situation ◇突破 2 词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查 典例2(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)It is reported that 30 (minute) walk every day is healthy enough. 变式2It’s only five (minute) walk from here, so you needn’t take a bus. ◇突破 3 语法填空中的名词考查 (2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 5G makes it possible for people 1 (go) on the high-speed internet. The ideal speed of 5G can be up 2 10GB per second. Have you noticed that the “5G” sign on your phone screen has changed to “5G-A”? This means that your phone is using a new testing network called 5G-A.So far it 3 (cover) over thirty areas in our country. It is supposed to serve 50 million 4 (use), according to People’s Daily. Most phones on 5 market can use it. Using 5G-A does not use more data (数据) 6 cost extra money. It’s about ten times faster than 5G, making chatting, gaming and downloading videos much 7 (smooth). In the past, it 8 (take) a long time to download a video, but now it can 9 (do) in just a few seconds over 5G-A. With new technologies like 5G-A, AI, and big data, smart technology will 10 (certain) bring great changes to our life. ◇难点 1 不可数名词的量化 典例1(2025·天津南开·模拟预测)My father told me ________ just now. A.two piece of news B.two pieces of new C.two news D.two pieces of news 变式1 Would you please give me _________? A.an advice B.some advices C.some advice D.any advice ◇难点 2 既可数又不可数名词 典例2 (24-25七年级上·湖北武汉·月考)—Do you do eye ________ every day at school? —Yes. And we also do morning ________ to build up our body. A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercise C.exercise: exercises D.exercises; exercises 变式2 Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time. A.enough room B.enough rooms C.rooms enough D.room enough ◇难点 3 名词作定语 典例3I called Miss Lin to ask for a    ______leave because of my headache. A.two-days B.two day’s C.two-day 变式3There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 一、单项选择 1.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)Those students always study and exercise together. They have a close ________ with each other. A.relationship B.scholarship C.imagination D.instruction 2.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)I like dancing very much, and I want to be a ________ when I grow up. A.cook B.doctor C.dancer D.singer 3.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Sandy hopes to be a ______ because she is really interested in dancing. A.dancer B.singer C.doctor D.scientist 4.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)There are many ________ in the world. Farmers grow crops. Pilots fly planes. Doctors take care of sick people. A.sports B.jobs C.hobbies D.festivals 5.(2025·四川乐山·中考真题)—It’s raining outside, and you should take an umbrella. —OK. It’s a useful ________. A.tradition B.invention C.suggestion 6.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—My friend and I have a lot in common. —Lucky you! A good friend is like a ________. A.scarf B.clock C.dictionary D.mirror 7.(2025·福建·中考真题)In the art classroom, Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the ________ of Tian’anmen. A.place B.size C.shape 8.(2025·吉林·中考真题)To help cut down ________ pollution, many people go to work on foot or by bike now. A.air B.land C.water 9.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)—You’d better take a compass (指南针) when you are travelling in the forest. It is difficult to find the correct ________. —OK, thanks for your advice. A.direction B.condition C.information 10.(2025·天津·中考真题)Daming often asks his teacher for ________ about how to improve his English. A.noise B.shape C.advice D.life 11.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)—What’s the advantage of your transport services? —Whether it’s by land, sea or air, we use our ________ to serve you. A.courage B.challenge C.passage D.knowledge 12.(2025·江西·中考真题)She gets up early every morning. It’s a good ______. A.book B.habit C.tool D.day 13.(2025·安徽·中考真题)David left the school pop group. Then I took over his ________ as lead singer. A.farm B.part C.role D.sale 14.(2025·云南·中考真题)Alice, you must wear a uniform because it builds school ________. A.spirit B.chance C.peace D.knowledge 15.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Smart technology has entered many businesses and changed the ________ we live. A.area B.way C.hobby D.position 二、完形填空(2025·江苏南通·中考真题) My family had never done anything different before. So when Aunt Jen invited us to her 1 spring farm party, I was really excited. I decided to make the day special, so I baked cupcakes for the party and decorated them to look like soft sheep by using some 2 . “Yummy!” My sister Indi said with a laugh, quickly stealing a candy. “That’s enough, Indi! I need those for my sheep!” “Do real sheep eat these?” “They’re just for making the cupcakes look 3 !” I laughed too. Soon, Indi and my brother Tex joined in. They 4 so many candies that their cupcakes looked more like strange animals than my sheep. “Time to go now,” Dad announced. But things didn’t go 5 as usual. First, Tex couldn’t find his shoes. Then Mom realized she’d 6 her wallet at home. Halfway to Aunt Jen’s, Indi suddenly needed a bathroom. We had to take a long way to find one. Dad then 7 a new back road, but it only led us farther away. As we were in the middle of nowhere, our car started making a strange noise and 8 . “Help won’t come for at least an hour,” Mom said, sounding 9 . “Now we’ll 10 the whole party!” Tex complained. Dad smiled and pointed to a field full of colorful flowers. “Why not have our own picnic here?” At first, we weren’t excited about it, but as we 11 the blanket and started eating, something amazing happened. A huge butterfly gently landed on Indi’s knee. Nearby, two small rabbits 12 across the grass, happily eating. Suddenly, we heard a loud rustling, and hundreds of birds shot up from the trees, flying into the sky in huge circles above us. “Wow!” I cried. “It’s like 13 !” “Migration (迁徙) season,” Dad said. “These birds travel through California every spring—millions of them!” We never made it to Aunt Jen’s farm, 14 that didn’t matter. Sitting in that field, enjoying my cupcakes under the open sky, I understood something important: when things don’t work out, disappointments (失望) may 15 unexpected wonders. Keep your eyes open, and you might find joy right under your nose! 1.A.daily B.weekly C.monthly D.yearly 2.A.candies B.bananas C.tomatoes D.flowers 3.A.fresh B.cute C.clear D.sweet 4.A.bought B.made C.added D.ordered 5.A.badly B.freely C.quietly D.smoothly 6.A.found B.left C.brought D.checked 7.A.tried B.marked C.mentioned D.repaired 8.A.appeared B.arrived C.stopped D.dropped 9.A.excited B.tired C.relaxed D.surprised 10.A.change B.organize C.share D.miss 11.A.spread out B.handed out C.cut out D.carried out 12.A.rode B.flew C.jumped D.climbed 13.A.wind B.magic C.music D.fog 14.A.and B.or C.but D.so 15.A.hide B.lose C.forget D.avoid 13 / 13 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词 目 录 目标导图 考点深解 考点1 名词的分类 考点2 名词的数和格 考点3 易混名词辨析 命题突破 突破1 语法选择/单项填空中的名词考查 突破2 词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查 突破3 完形填空的名词考查 重难攻坚 攻坚1 不可数名词的量化 攻坚2 既可数又不可数名词 攻坚3 名词作定语 练测提能 ◇考点 1 名词分类 一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物(人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名)。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如:Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang 地名:Europe,New York,People’s Square 节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday 注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如: Rose罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花 China中国——china陶瓷或中国(不特指) 2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如:pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 用量词来计数不可数名词: A glass of water 易|错|提|醒 区分单词可数不可数 可数名词:像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。 不可数名词:物质名词或抽象名词。(液体,空气,粉末状) 常见的不可数名词:bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。 ◇考点 2 名词的数与格 一.可数名词的数 可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1单数变复数的规则变化 一般情况直接加-s map/maps, Indian/Indians, book/books, pencil/pencils 以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词加-es brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes 以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es story/stories, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days 以f,fe 结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-es half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives 以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes, Negro/Negroes 表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-s radio/radios, piano/pianos, photo/photos, zoo/zoos 注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes 易|错|提|醒 元音字母o结尾的名词变复数 小贴士: 名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。例如: hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes 以f,fe结尾的名词变复数 以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆: 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives 2.不规则变化: 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese 词尾加-ren child/children 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 易|错|提|醒 1.man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。 2.有些名词单数与复数形式相同 单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如: Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep 3.有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词) 世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如: Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。 二.不可数名词 物质 名词 食物 bread, meat, rice, food, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken... 饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee... 自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood... 抽象 名词 情感、概念 peace, love, friendship, joy, happiness, time, news, population, knowledge... 学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history... 国家、城市 等专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney... 一般没有复数形式(用is),说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词,不用不定关系a/an修饰。 如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。 如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, 易|错|提|醒 常见的不可数名词 water水,milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;powder粉,rice米饭,salt 盐,food食物,fruit水果,chocolate 巧克力,fish鱼肉,meat 肉,bread面包,paper 纸,exercise 锻炼,information 信息,news 新闻,homework 作业,hair 头发,population人口,money 钱,advice 建议 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词 名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词 fish 表示条数,单数复数形式相同 意为“鱼肉” 表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es glass “玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜” 意为“玻璃” orange 意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s 意为“橙汁;橙色” room 意为“房间”,复数加-s 意为“余地;地方;空间” paper 意为“文件;试卷; 报纸”,复数加-s 意为“纸” work 意为“著作”,复数加-s 意为“工作” chicken 意为“小鸡”,复数加-s 意为“鸡肉” light 意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s 意为“光线” 三、名词所有格 名词所有格的构成 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 易|错|提|醒 1.'s不全是名词所有格 It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。) My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。) 2. ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) 3.两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) 4.“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) ◇考点 3 易混名词辨析 1.act, action和activity 单词 意义 辨析 act 行为,行动 通常指单一的、个人的、具体的行为 action 行动,措施 通常指时间较长的持续动作和行为,多用于词组: take action (to do sth.) activity 活动 指人们从事的活动、工作等,多用于组: do (different) activities 2.advice和suggestion 单词 意义 辨析 advice 建议, 劝告 不可数名词,表示数量时需借助表示单位的名词piece。搭配: a piece of advice; take advice suggestion 建议 可数名词,搭配: make a suggestion 3.cause, reason和excuse 单词 意义 辨析 cause 原因,起因,理由 造成一种事实或现象的“原因,起因”,后通常接介词of reason 原因,起因,解释 指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释,后通常接介词for excuse 借口,理由 指为自己的行为所做的辩解 4.feeling和sense 单词 意义 辨析 feeling 感觉,感情 泛指一般的情绪,如“喜怒哀乐”,还可指对某人(物)的“态度,看法”,也可指“感受力,鉴赏力” sense 感觉,观念,意识 多指身体上五官的感觉;还可指“观念,见识” 5.information, news和message 单词 意义 辨析 information 消息,信息,情报 指任何信息,是不可数名词 news 新闻,消息,新情况 指公众感兴趣的最新事件,是不可数名词 message 消息,音信,口信 指口头、书面、电台、电视传送的“口信、消息”等,是可数名词 6.job, work和task 单词 意义 辨析 job 工作,职业 指一项具体的工作,是可数名词 work 工作,作品 指“工作,劳动”时,是不可数名词;指“作品,著作”时,是可数名词 task 任务,工作 指分配的工作,或自愿承担的艰巨的工作 7.noise, sound和voice 单词 意义 辨析 noise 噪音,吵闹声 指不悦耳的嘈杂声 sound 声音,响声 泛指自然界的一切声音 voice 嗓音,说话声 指人说话时的嗓音 8.problem和question 单词 意义 辨析 problem 问题,难题,困难 一般指社会问题,这种问题是“有待解决的”,通常与solve, work out搭配 question 问题,疑问 一般是“有待问与答的”问题,常与ask, answer连用 1.There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 【答案】B 【解析】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。 2.More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture. A.Germans B.German C.Germany D.Germans’ 【答案】A 【解析】句意:越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化。 考查词义辨析和名词复数。Germans德国人,名词复数;German德国人,名词单数;Germany德国;Germans’表述错误。“More and more”修饰可数名词复数,指人想了解中国文化。故选A。 3.She gave me ________ on how to improve my English speaking skills. A.plenty of advice B.plenty of advices C.a plenty advice D.plenties advice 【答案】A 【解析】句意:她给了我很多关于如何提高英语口语技能的建议。   考查形容词短语和名词用法。advice是不可数名词,没有复数形式,因此排除B;plenty of是固定搭配,意为“大量,许多”,故选A。 4.Come on, boys and girls. Help yourselves to some ________ if you like. A.fish and chicken B.fishes and chicken C.fish and chickens D.fishes and chickens 【答案】A 【解析】句意:来吧,孩子们。如果你们喜欢的话,随便吃些鱼肉和鸡肉吧。     考查名词的数。fish表示“鱼肉”时为不可数名词,无复数形式;表示“鱼的种类”时为可数名词,复数形式为 fishes,而表示“鱼的数量”时复数形式仍为fish。chicken当表示“鸡肉”时为不可数名词,无复数形式;当表示“小鸡”时为可数名词,复数形式为 chickens。根据“Help yourselves to some...”可知,此处指提供食物,“fish and chicken”表示“鱼肉”和“鸡肉”,为不可数名词。故选A。 5.—Do you do eye ________ every day at school? —Yes. And we also do morning ________ to build up our body. A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercise C.exercise: exercises D.exercises; exercises 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——你每天在学校做眼保健操吗?——是的。我们还会做早餐来强健身体。 考查exercise的用法。exercise表示抽象的“锻炼”概念时,是不可数名词;表示具体的“练习、体操”等时,是可数名词。空一处表示“做眼保健操”,用do eye exercises;空二处表示“做早操”,用do morning exercises。故选D。 6.These books will be printed ________. A.in two week’s time B.in two weeks’ time C.for two-weeks time D.for two-week time 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这些书将在两周后印刷。 考查介词短语。题干中“will be printed”表明事件发生在将来,因此使用表示将来的时间短语。“in+时间段”表示将来时间,且“two weeks”为复数。故选B。 7.—Do you know Jack? —Yeah, he’s a friend of ________. A.I B.my C.mine D.myself 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——你认识杰克吗?——是的,他是我的一个朋友。 考查代词辨析。I我,主格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的;名词性物主代词。myself我自己,反身代词。根据“he’s a friend of...”可知,此处表示双重所有格。“a friend of+名词性物主代词”是一种双重所有格结构,表示“……的一个朋友”。“mine”相当于“my friends”,“a friend of mine”表示“我的朋友中的一个”。故选C。 8.Mr. Ma is a friend of ________. A.my father’s B.my father C.my father’ D.mine father’s 【答案】A 【解析】句意:马先生是我父亲的朋友之一。 考查所有格。“my father’s”表示属于我父亲的,所有格形式。其他选项不对:选项B缺少所有格,选项C拼写错误,选项D“mine” 不能与 “father’s” 连用。故选A。 9.—Tim, we are going to play table tennis against BIG this Friday. —Don’t worry. When brothers are of the same ________, we can cut through gold. A.weight B.habit C.mind D.heart 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——Tim,我们这周五要与BIG打乒乓球。——别担心。兄弟同心,其利断金。 考查名词辨析。weight重量;habit习惯;mind思想;heart心。根据常见谚语“...of the same mind”可知,强调兄弟们思想一致才能克服困难,故选C。 10.As we know, true ________ never give up when they face challenges. They always try their best to solve problems. A.guards B.heroes C.strangers D.bosses 【答案】B 【解析】句意:众所周知,真正的英雄在面对挑战时从不放弃。他们总是尽最大努力解决问题。 考查名词辨析。guards守卫;heroes英雄;strangers陌生人;bosses老板。根据“never give up when they face challenges. They always try their best to solve problems.”可知,英雄具有面对挑战不放弃并尽力解决问题的特质,所以,“heroes英雄”符合句意。故选B。 ◇突破 1 单项填空中的名词考查 典例1(25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考)The artist said that his favorite ________ is a brush, which helps him paint wonderful landscapes on the canvas (画布). A.instrument B.development C.advertisement D.improvement 【答案】A 【解析】句意:这位画家说他最喜欢的工具是画笔,画笔帮助他在画布上绘制美妙的风景。 考查名词辨析。instrument工具;development发展;advertisement广告;improvement改进。根据句意,brush(画笔)是一种绘画工具,因此空白处应填入表示“工具”的词。故选A。 变式1—The new coffee shop near our school is really popular. Do you know why? —Their ________ is excellent. The staff are always friendly and quick. A.service B.secret C.support D.situation 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——我们学校附近的新咖啡店真的很受欢迎。你知道为什么吗?——他们的服务很棒。员工总是友好且迅速。 考查名词辨析。service服务;secret秘密;support支持;situation情况。根据“The staff are always friendly and quick.”可知,员工总是友好且迅速,这属于服务品质。故选A。 ◇突破 2 词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查 典例2(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)It is reported that 30 (minute) walk every day is healthy enough. 【答案】minutes’ 【解析】句意:据报道,每天步行30分钟就足够健康了。minute“分钟”,可数名词,被30修饰,用其复数形式。此处指30分钟的步行,故用复数名词所有格minutes’,作定语修饰walk。故填minutes’。 变式2It’s only five (minute) walk from here, so you needn’t take a bus. 【答案】minutes’ 【解析】句意:从这里步行只有五分钟,所以你不必乘公共汽车。根据five可知,此空应填复数形式,修饰名词所有格,用’s格。故填minutes’。    ◇突破 3 语法填空中的名词考查 (2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 5G makes it possible for people 1 (go) on the high-speed internet. The ideal speed of 5G can be up 2 10GB per second. Have you noticed that the “5G” sign on your phone screen has changed to “5G-A”? This means that your phone is using a new testing network called 5G-A.So far it 3 (cover) over thirty areas in our country. It is supposed to serve 50 million 4 (use), according to People’s Daily. Most phones on 5 market can use it. Using 5G-A does not use more data (数据) 6 cost extra money. It’s about ten times faster than 5G, making chatting, gaming and downloading videos much 7 (smooth). In the past, it 8 (take) a long time to download a video, but now it can 9 (do) in just a few seconds over 5G-A. With new technologies like 5G-A, AI, and big data, smart technology will 10 (certain) bring great changes to our life. 【答案】 1.to go 2.to 3.has covered 4.users 5.the 6.or 7.smoother 8.took 9.be done 10.certainly 【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了5G-A网络的特点及其带来的便利。 1.句意:5G让人们能够使用高速互联网。make it possible for sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,it作形式宾语,不定式作真正的宾语。故填to go。 2.句意:5G的理想速度可达每秒10GB。up to表示“高达”,是固定搭配。故填to。 3.句意:到目前为止,它已覆盖我国30多个地区。so far提示用现在完成时,其谓语动词结构为“has/have+过去分词”,主语it是单数,助动词用has。故填has covered。 4.句意:据《人民日报》报道,预计将服务5000万用户。serve后接宾语,此处指服务用户,user“用户”,需用复数形式表示泛指。故填users。 5.句意:市场上大多数手机都能使用它。on the market是固定搭配,表示“在市场上”。故填the。 6.句意:使用5G-A不会消耗更多数据,也不会花费额外费用。or连接并列成分,表示“或者”。故填or。 7.句意:它比5G快约10倍,使聊天、游戏和下载视频更加流畅。much修饰比较级,smooth的比较级是smoother。故填smoother。 8.句意:过去下载视频需要很长时间,但现在通过5G-A只需几秒即可完成。in the past提示用一般过去时,take的过去式是took。故填took。 9.句意:过去下载视频需要很长时间,但现在通过5G-A只需几秒即可完成。it指代“下载视频”,与do之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态,且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be done。 10.句意:借助5G-A、AI和大数据等新技术,智能技术必将给生活带来巨大变化。修饰动词bring需用副词形式certainly。故填certainly。 ◇难点 1 不可数名词的量化 典例1(2025·天津南开·模拟预测)My father told me ________ just now. A.two piece of news B.two pieces of new C.two news D.two pieces of news 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我爸爸刚才告诉我两条消息。 考查名词的数。news“消息”是不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除D选项。表示“几条消息”时,要用“数词+piece(s) of+news”结构,piece是可数名词,其单复数形式要根据数词来决定,two是基数词,所以piece要用复数形式。故选B。 解|题|思|维 1.先抓标志词,快速定性:看到 some/any/much/little/a lot of 等修饰词,优先判断为不可数名词;若出现 a/an、数词(one/two等)、many/few,直接排除不可数选项(特殊用法除外)。例:题干有 much,则答案必为不可数名词(如 water、information)。 2.结合语境判断,不被表象迷惑:部分名词可可数可不可数(如 experience “经验” 不可数,“经历” 可数),需根据句意区分。例:“We need ______ (advice/advices) on study”,结合 “建议” 含义,选不可数的 advice。 变式1 Would you please give me _________? A.an advice B.some advices C.some advice D.any advice 【答案】C 【解析】句意:你能给我一些建议吗? 考查不可数名词以及some与any的用法。advice“建议”,不可数名词,不能用an修饰,也没有复数形式,排除A和B选项。some用于肯定句和表示请求的疑问句,any用于疑问句和否定句,这句话是表示请求的疑问句,应用some,故选C。 ◇难点 2 既可数又不可数名词 典例2 (24-25七年级上·湖北武汉·月考)—Do you do eye ________ every day at school? —Yes. And we also do morning ________ to build up our body. A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercise C.exercise: exercises D.exercises; exercises 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——你每天在学校做眼保健操吗?——是的。我们还会做早餐来强健身体。 考查exercise的用法。exercise表示抽象的“锻炼”概念时,是不可数名词;表示具体的“练习、体操”等时,是可数名词。空一处表示“做眼保健操”,用do eye exercises;空二处表示“做早操”,用do morning exercises。故选D。 变式2 Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time. A.enough room B.enough rooms C.rooms enough D.room enough 【答案】A 【解析】句意:三十年后,也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人。 考查不可数名词和enough的用法。enough足够的,限定词,用于复数名词或不可数名词前;room空间,不可数名词;rooms房间,可数名词复数形式。根据语境可知,30年后,我们居住的空间会变小,可推测此处是也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人,room应为“空间”,不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除B和C,又因限定词enough修饰名词时应在名词前。故选A。 ◇难点 3 名词作定语 典例3I called Miss Lin to ask for a    ______leave because of my headache. A.two-days B.two day’s C.two-day 【答案】C 【解析】句意:因为头痛,我打电话给林小姐请了两天假。two-day leave是两天的假,作定语,用连词符,用单数,排除A;two-day 是形容词性的合成词,two day's 是名词所有格,a two-day 修饰leave,不能用名词所有格 a two day's 限定leave。故选C。 解|题|思|维 1.明确定语名词数的规则,规避数的陷阱:名词作定语时,通常用单数形式(如 “shoe shop”“book store”),即使修饰复数名词,定语名词仍为单数(如 “two apple trees”,非 “apples trees”)。若选项中定语名词用复数(如 “shoes shop”),直接排除;仅特殊情况(如 “sports meeting”“clothes store”)用复数,需单独记忆。 2.区分名词与形容词作定语,避免属性混淆:当选项同时出现名词(如 “rain”)和其同根形容词(如 “rainy”)时,根据修饰对象判断:修饰名词表类别用名词(“rain coat” 雨衣),修饰名词表特征用形容词(“rainy day” 雨天)。若题干强调 “类别属性”,排除形容词选项。 3.结合语境逻辑,验证定语合理性:若剩余选项难区分,结合题干语义判断:如 “student center”(学生活动中心,表功能)与 “student’s center”(某个学生的中心,表所属),根据 “中心” 的公共属性,确定用名词作定语 “student center”。 变式3There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 【答案】B 【解析】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。 一、单项选择 1.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)Those students always study and exercise together. They have a close ________ with each other. A.relationship B.scholarship C.imagination D.instruction 【答案】A 【解析】句意:那些学生总是一起学习和锻炼。他们彼此之间有着密切的关系。 考查名词辨析。relationship关系;scholarship奖学金;imagination想象力;instruction指示。根据“Those students always study and exercise together.”可知,一起学习和锻炼的学生之间关系密切,故选A。 2.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)I like dancing very much, and I want to be a ________ when I grow up. A.cook B.doctor C.dancer D.singer 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我非常喜欢跳舞,长大后我想成为一名舞蹈家。 考查名词辨析。cook厨师;doctor医生;dancer舞蹈家;singer歌手。根据“I like dancing very much”可知,因为喜欢跳舞,所以想成为舞蹈家。故选C。 3.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Sandy hopes to be a ______ because she is really interested in dancing. A.dancer B.singer C.doctor D.scientist 【答案】A 【解析】句意:桑迪希望成为一名舞蹈家,因为她对跳舞很感兴趣。 考查名词辨析。dancer舞蹈家;singer歌手;doctor医生;scientist科学家。根据“because she is really interested in dancing”可知,对跳舞感兴趣,所以想成为舞蹈家,故选A。 4.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)There are many ________ in the world. Farmers grow crops. Pilots fly planes. Doctors take care of sick people. A.sports B.jobs C.hobbies D.festivals 【答案】B 【解析】句意:世界上有很多工作。农民种植庄稼。飞行员驾驶飞机。医生照顾病人。 考查名词辨析。sports运动;jobs工作;hobbies爱好;festivals节日。根据后文“Farmers grow crops. Pilots fly planes. Doctors take care of sick people”可知,农民、飞行员、医生等是职业。故选B。 5.(2025·四川乐山·中考真题)—It’s raining outside, and you should take an umbrella. —OK. It’s a useful ________. A.tradition B.invention C.suggestion 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——外面在下雨,你应该带把伞。——好的。这是一个有用的建议。 考查名词辨析。tradition传统;invention发明;suggestion建议。根据“It’s raining outside, and you should take an umbrella.”可知外面在下雨,对方建议带一把伞,此处评价对方的建议很有用。故选C。 6.(2025·湖北武汉·中考真题)—My friend and I have a lot in common. —Lucky you! A good friend is like a ________. A.scarf B.clock C.dictionary D.mirror 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——我和我的朋友有很多共同之处。——你真幸运!好朋友就像一面镜子。 考查名词辨析。scarf围巾;clock时钟;dictionary字典;mirror镜子。根据“have a lot in common”可知,此处指好朋友就像一面镜子,有很多共同之处。故选D。 7.(2025·福建·中考真题)In the art classroom, Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the ________ of Tian’anmen. A.place B.size C.shape 【答案】C 【解析】句意:在美术教室里,李丽用一块薄木板做出了天安门的形状。 考查名词辨析。place地点;size尺寸;shape形状。根据“Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the ... of Tian’anmen.”可知,李丽用一块薄木板做出了天安门的形状,故选C。 8.(2025·吉林·中考真题)To help cut down ________ pollution, many people go to work on foot or by bike now. A.air B.land C.water 【答案】A 【解析】句意:为了减少空气污染,现在很多人选择步行或骑自行车去上班。 考查名词辨析。air空气;land陆地;water水。根据“many people go to work on foot or by bike now”可知,为了减少空气污染,现在很多人选择步行或骑自行车去上班。故选A。 9.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)—You’d better take a compass (指南针) when you are travelling in the forest. It is difficult to find the correct ________. —OK, thanks for your advice. A.direction B.condition C.information 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——当你在森林里旅行的时候,你最好带个指南针。找到正确的方向很难。——好的,谢谢你的建议。 考查名词辨析。direction方向;condition环境;information信息。根据“You’d better take a compass (指南针)”可知指南针是用来辨别方向的,故选A。 10.(2025·天津·中考真题)Daming often asks his teacher for ________ about how to improve his English. A.noise B.shape C.advice D.life 【答案】C 【解析】句意:大明经常向老师请教如何提高英语的建议。 考查名词辨析。noise噪音;shape形状;advice建议;life生活。根据“Daming often asks his teacher for...about how to improve his English.”可知,向老师寻求的应是建议。故选C。 11.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)—What’s the advantage of your transport services? —Whether it’s by land, sea or air, we use our ________ to serve you. A.courage B.challenge C.passage D.knowledge 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——你们的运输服务有什么优势?——无论是陆运、海运还是空运,我们都会用我们的知识来为您服务。 考查名词辨析。courage勇气;challenge挑战;passage段落;knowledge知识。根据“What’s the advantage of your transport services?”可知,运输服务的优势在于运用(专业)知识来服务对方。故选D。 12.(2025·江西·中考真题)She gets up early every morning. It’s a good ______. A.book B.habit C.tool D.day 【答案】B 【解析】句意:她每天早上都早起。这是一个好习惯。 考查名词辨析。book书;habit习惯;tool工具;day天。根据“gets up early every morning”可知,每天早起是一种好“习惯”,故选B。 13.(2025·安徽·中考真题)David left the school pop group. Then I took over his ________ as lead singer. A.farm B.part C.role D.sale 【答案】C 【解析】句意:大卫离开了学校的流行乐队。然后我接替了他担任主唱的角色。 考查名词辨析。farm农场;part部分;role角色;sale降价出售。根据“David left the school pop group. Then I took over his...as lead singer.”可知,“我”接替了大卫担任主唱的角色。故选C。 14.(2025·云南·中考真题)Alice, you must wear a uniform because it builds school ________. A.spirit B.chance C.peace D.knowledge 【答案】A 【解析】句意:爱丽丝,你必须穿校服,因为它能树立学校精神。 考查名词辨析。spirit精神;chance机会;peace和平;knowledge知识。由“wear a uniform because it builds school”及常识可知,穿校服可以树立学校精神或建立集体荣誉感。故选A。 15.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Smart technology has entered many businesses and changed the ________ we live. A.area B.way C.hobby D.position 【答案】B 【解析】句意:智能技术已经进入许多行业,改变了我们的生活方式。 考查名词辨析。area区域;way方式;hobby爱好;position位置。根据“changed the...we live”可知是改变我们生活的方式。故选B。 二、完形填空(2025·江苏南通·中考真题) My family had never done anything different before. So when Aunt Jen invited us to her 1 spring farm party, I was really excited. I decided to make the day special, so I baked cupcakes for the party and decorated them to look like soft sheep by using some 2 . “Yummy!” My sister Indi said with a laugh, quickly stealing a candy. “That’s enough, Indi! I need those for my sheep!” “Do real sheep eat these?” “They’re just for making the cupcakes look 3 !” I laughed too. Soon, Indi and my brother Tex joined in. They 4 so many candies that their cupcakes looked more like strange animals than my sheep. “Time to go now,” Dad announced. But things didn’t go 5 as usual. First, Tex couldn’t find his shoes. Then Mom realized she’d 6 her wallet at home. Halfway to Aunt Jen’s, Indi suddenly needed a bathroom. We had to take a long way to find one. Dad then 7 a new back road, but it only led us farther away. As we were in the middle of nowhere, our car started making a strange noise and 8 . “Help won’t come for at least an hour,” Mom said, sounding 9 . “Now we’ll 10 the whole party!” Tex complained. Dad smiled and pointed to a field full of colorful flowers. “Why not have our own picnic here?” At first, we weren’t excited about it, but as we 11 the blanket and started eating, something amazing happened. A huge butterfly gently landed on Indi’s knee. Nearby, two small rabbits 12 across the grass, happily eating. Suddenly, we heard a loud rustling, and hundreds of birds shot up from the trees, flying into the sky in huge circles above us. “Wow!” I cried. “It’s like 13 !” “Migration (迁徙) season,” Dad said. “These birds travel through California every spring—millions of them!” We never made it to Aunt Jen’s farm, 14 that didn’t matter. Sitting in that field, enjoying my cupcakes under the open sky, I understood something important: when things don’t work out, disappointments (失望) may 15 unexpected wonders. Keep your eyes open, and you might find joy right under your nose! 1.A.daily B.weekly C.monthly D.yearly 2.A.candies B.bananas C.tomatoes D.flowers 3.A.fresh B.cute C.clear D.sweet 4.A.bought B.made C.added D.ordered 5.A.badly B.freely C.quietly D.smoothly 6.A.found B.left C.brought D.checked 7.A.tried B.marked C.mentioned D.repaired 8.A.appeared B.arrived C.stopped D.dropped 9.A.excited B.tired C.relaxed D.surprised 10.A.change B.organize C.share D.miss 11.A.spread out B.handed out C.cut out D.carried out 12.A.rode B.flew C.jumped D.climbed 13.A.wind B.magic C.music D.fog 14.A.and B.or C.but D.so 15.A.hide B.lose C.forget D.avoid 【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 【解析】本文讲述了一家人在前往春季农场派对的途中经历了一系列意外,最终在意外的野外野餐中发现了自然的美好的故事。 1.句意:所以当Jen阿姨邀请我们参加她一年一度的春季农场聚会时,我真的很兴奋。 daily日常的;weekly每周的;monthly每月的;yearly年度的。根据“spring farm party”和常识可知,一年有四季,春天农场派对应是一年一次。故选D。 2.句意:我决定让这一天与众不同,所以我为聚会烤了纸杯蛋糕,并用一些糖果把它们装饰得像柔软的绵羊。 candies糖果;bananas香蕉;tomatoes西红柿;flowers花。根据“quickly stealing a candy”和“so many candies that their cupcakes looked more like strange animals than my sheep.”可知,是用糖果装饰纸杯蛋糕。故选A。 3.句意:它们只是为了让小蛋糕看起来可爱! fresh新鲜的;cute可爱的;clear清楚的;sweet甜蜜的。根据语境,把纸杯蛋糕做得像羊,是为了让它们看起来“可爱”。故选B。 4.句意:他们加了这么多糖果,他们的纸杯蛋糕看起来更像奇怪的动物,而不是我的羊。 bought买;made制作;added添加;ordered命令。根据“They ... so many candies that their cupcakes looked more like strange animals than my sheep.”可知,他们在纸杯蛋糕上添加很多糖果,add符合语境。故选C。 5.句意:但事情并不像往常那样顺利。 badly差,拙劣地;freely自由地;quietly安静地;smoothly顺利地。根据下文讲述了一系列不顺利的事情,所以此处是说事情进展得不像往常那样“顺利”。故选D。 6.句意:然后妈妈意识到她把钱包落在家里了。 found找到;left落下;brought带来;checked检查。根据“Then Mom realized she’d ... her wallet at home.”可知,妈妈意识到把钱包落在家里了。故选B。 7.句意:爸爸又试着走了一条新的小路,但那条小路只会把我们带得更远。 tried尝试;marked标记;mentioned提到;repaired修理。根据“a new back road”可知,作者的爸爸尝试开车走了一条小路。故选A。 8.句意:当我们在一个偏僻的地方时,我们的车开始发出一种奇怪的声音,然后停了下来。 appeared出现;arrived到达;stopped停止;dropped掉。根据“ our car started making a strange noise and”可知,车发出一种奇怪的声音,然后停止工作。故选C。 9.句意:“至少一个小时后才会有人来帮忙,”妈妈说,听起来很累。 excited兴奋的;tired累的;relaxed放松的;surprised惊讶的。根据上文一系列不顺利的事情,外加车停止工作,由此推知妈妈的声音听起来有点疲惫。故选B。 10.句意:现在我们要错过整个聚会了! change改变;organize组织;share分享;miss错过。根据“Help won’t come for at least an hour,”可知,救援至少一小时后才来,所以会错过聚会。故选D。 11.句意:起初,我们对此并不兴奋,但当我们摊开毯子开始吃的时候,神奇的事情发生了。 spread out摊开;handed out分发;cut out切断,关掉;carried out实施,执行。根据“the blanket”可知,此处指把毯子铺在草地上,即摊开毯子。故选A。 12.句意:不远处,两只小兔子跳过草地,开心地吃着东西。 rode骑;flew飞;jumped跳;climbed爬。根据“two small rabbits”可知,兔子应是蹦蹦跳跳地在草丛里穿梭。故选C。 13.句意:就像魔法一样! wind风;magic魔法;music音乐;fog烟雾。根据“A huge butterfly gently landed on Indi’s knee. ... flying into the sky in huge circles above us.”可知,看到众多鸟儿和美好的景象,感觉就像具有“魔法”一样。故选B。 14.句意:我们没能去Jen阿姨的农场,但没关系。 and和;or或者;but但是;so因此。根据“We never made it to Aunt Jen’s farm, ... that didn’t matter.”可知,前后句为转折关系,应用but连接。故选C。 15.句意:坐在田野里,在开阔的天空下享受着我的纸杯蛋糕,我明白了一件重要的事情:当事情不顺利时, 失望可能隐藏着意想不到的奇迹。 hide隐藏;lose失去;forget忘记;avoid避免。根据“when things don’t work out, disappointments (失望) may ... unexpected wonders.”并结合作者一家的经历可知,当事情不顺利时,失望可能会“隐藏”意想不到的奇迹。故选A。 2 / 20 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 名词(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语一轮复习高效培优系列
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